Pre-industrial society

Short description: Societies before industrialization

"Tartar Agriculturalist": A Chinese farmer using an ox to pull a scratch plow

Template:History of technology sidebar

Pre-industrial society refers to social attributes and forms of political and cultural organization that were prevalent before the advent of the Industrial Revolution, which occurred from 1750 to 1850. Pre-industrial refers to a time before there were machines and tools to help perform tasks en masse. Pre-industrial civilization dates back to centuries ago, but the main era known as the pre-industrial society occurred right before the industrial society. Pre-Industrial societies vary from region to region depending on the culture of a given area or history of social and political life. Europe was known for its feudal system and the Italian Renaissance.

The term "pre-industrial" is also used as a benchmark for environmental conditions before the development of industrial society: for example, the Paris Agreement, adopted in Paris on 12 December, 2015 and in force from 4 November, 2016, "aims to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels."[1] The date for the end of the "pre-industrial era" is not defined.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Common attributes
* 2 Economic systems
* 2.1 Labor conditions
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 Bibliography

## Common attributes

* Limited production
* Extreme agricultural economy
* Limited division of labor. In pre-industrial societies, production was relatively simple and the number of specialized crafts was limited.
* Limited variation of social classes
* Parochialism—Communications were limited between communities in pre-industrial societies. Few had the opportunity to see or hear beyond their own village. Industrial societies grew with the help of faster means of communication, having more information at hand about the world, allowing knowledge transfer and cultural diffusion between them.
* Populations grew at substantial rates[3]
* Social classes: peasants and lords[4]
* Subsistence level of living[4]
* Population dependent on peasants for food[4]
* People were located in villages rather than in cities
* A large amount of the population is peasants (usually around 98%)[citation needed]

## Economic systems

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2016)

|

* Hunter gather society[4]
* Traditional economy
* Mercantilism
* Subsistence agriculture
* Subsistence
* Planned economy

### Labor conditions

Harsh working conditions had been prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place. Pre-industrial society was very static, and child labour, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were not as equally prevalent before the Industrial Revolution.[5]

## See also

* Agrarian society
* Industrialisation
* Modernization theory
* Traditional society
* Dependency Theory
* Imperialism
* Hunter gatherers
* Low technology
* Transhumance
* Nomads
* Pastoral nomads
* Post-industrial society
* Proto-industrialization

## References

1. ↑ UNFCCC, The Paris Agreement, accessed 30 December 2020
2. ↑ Hawkins, E. (2017), Defining 'pre-industrial', published 25 January 2017, accessed 30 December 2020
3. ↑ Cipolla, Carlo M. (1976). Before the Industrial Revolution: European Society and Economy, 1000-1700. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-09255-4. [page needed]
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Persson, Karl Gunnar (1988). Pre-industrial economic growth: social organization, and technological progress in Europe. Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-14963-7. [page needed]
5. ↑ Hartwell, Ronald Max (1971). The Industrial Revolution and Economic Growth. Methuen. pp. 339–341. ISBN 978-0-416-19500-2.

## Bibliography

* Grinin, L. 2007\. Periodization of History: A theoretic-mathematical analysis. In: History & Mathematics. Ed. by Leonid Grinin, Victor de Munck, and Andrey Korotayev. Moscow: KomKniga/URSS. P.10-38. ISBN 978-5-484-01001-1.

Template:Types of societies

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-industrial society. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Social:Pre-industrial_society&oldid=4359098"