Reformism

Reformism is a political tendency advocating the reform of an existing system or institution – often a political or religious establishment – as opposed to its abolition and replacement via revolution.[1]

Within the socialist movement, reformism is the view that gradual changes through existing institutions can eventually lead to fundamental changes in a society's political and economic systems. Reformism as a political tendency and hypothesis of social change grew out of opposition to revolutionary socialism, which contends that revolutionary upheaval is a necessary precondition for the structural changes necessary to transform a capitalist system into a qualitatively different socialist system. Responding to a pejorative conception of reformism as non-transformational, philosopher André Gorz conceived non-reformist reform in 1987 to prioritize human needs over capitalist needs.[2]

As a political doctrine, centre-left reformism is distinguished[citation needed] from centre-right or pragmatic reform, which instead aims to safeguard and permeate the status quo by preventing fundamental structural changes to it. Leftist reformism posits that an accumulation of reforms can eventually lead to the emergence of entirely different economic and political systems than those of present-day capitalism and bureaucracy.[3]

Religious reformism has variously affected (for example) Judaism,[4][5] Christianity[6] and Islam[7] since time immemorial, sometimes occasioning heresies, sectarian schisms and entirely new denominations.

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 Reformist Socialism
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Overview

There are two types of reformism. One has no intention of bringing about socialism or fundamental economic change to society and is used to oppose such structural changes. The other is based on the assumption that while reforms are not socialist in themselves, they can help rally supporters to the cause of revolution by popularizing the cause of socialism to the working class.[8]

The debate on the ability of social democratic reformism to lead to a socialist transformation of society is over a century old. Reformism is criticized for being paradoxical as it seeks to overcome the existing economic system of capitalism while trying to improve the conditions of capitalism, thereby making it appear more tolerable to society. According to Rosa Luxemburg, capitalism is not overthrown, "but is on the contrary strengthened by the development of social reforms".[9] In a similar vein, Stan Parker of the Socialist Party of Great Britain argues that reforms are a diversion of energy for socialists and are limited because they must adhere to the logic of capitalism.[8]

French social theorist Andre Gorz criticized reformism by advocating a third alternative to reformism and social revolution that he called "non-reformist reforms", specifically focused on structural changes to capitalism as opposed to reforms to improve living conditions within capitalism or to prop it up through economic interventionism.[10]

In modern times, some reformists are seen as centre-right. For example, the historical Reform Party of Canada advocated structural changes to government to counter what they believed was the disenfranchisement of Western Canadians.[11] Some social democratic parties such as the aforementioned Social Democratic Party of Germany and the Canadian New Democratic Party are still considered to be reformist and are seen as centre-left.[12]

## Reformist Socialism

Part of a series on

Socialism

Development

* Age of the Enlightenment
* French Revolution
* History of socialism
* Revolutions of 1848
* Socialist calculation debate
* Socialist economics

Ideas

* Calculation in kind
* Collective ownership
* Cooperative
* Common ownership
* Commune (model of government)
* Economic democracy
* Economic planning
* Equal opportunity
* Free association
* Freed market
* Industrial democracy
* Input–output model
* Internationalism
* Labor-time calculation
* Labour voucher
* Material balance planning
* Organizational self-management
* Peer‑to‑peer economics
* Production for use
* Sharing economy
* Social dividend
* Social ownership
* Socialism in one country
* Socialist mode of production
* To each according to his contribution/needs
* Workplace democracy

Models

* Communalism
* Participatory economics
* Democratic confederalism
* Market economy
* Market socialism
* Lange model
* Mutualism
* Socialist market economy
* Socialist-oriented market
* Planned economy
* Decentralized planning
* Inclusive Democracy
* OGAS
* Project Cybersyn
* Soviet-type
* Social ecology

Variants

* 21st-century
* African
* Arab
* Agrarian
* Anarchism
* Authoritarian
* Blanquism
* Chinese
* Communism
* Democratic
* Ethical
* Ecological
* Feminist
* Fourierism
* Free-market
* Gandhian
* Guild
* Laissez-faire
* Liberal
* Libertarian
* Marhaenism
* Marxism
* Municipal
* Nationalist
* Owenism
* Reformist
* Religious
* Revolutionary
* Ricardian
* Saint-Simonianism
* Scientific
* Social democracy
* State
* Syndicalism
* Third World
* Utopian
* Zionist

By country

* Australia
* Bangladesh
* Brazil
* Canada
* China
* Communist China
* Nationalist China
* Estonia
* Greece
* Hong Kong
* India
* Iran
* Italy
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Pakistan
* Sri Lanka
* Tunisia
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Vietnam

People

* More
* Hall
* Saint-Simon
* Babeuf
* Owen
* Fourier
* Thompson
* Hodgskin
* Cabet
* Enfantin
* Proudhon
* Blanc
* Herzen
* Bakunin
* Marx
* Barmby
* Engels
* Lassalle
* Morris
* Jones
* Kropotkin
* Bernstein
* Malatesta
* Taylor
* Lavrov
* Lenin
* Jaurès
* Plekhanov
* Dewey
* Barone
* Kautsky
* Du Bois
* Goldman
* Luxemburg
* Blum
* Tawney
* Russell
* Neurath
* Pannekoek
* Recabarren
* Einstein
* Trotsky
* Keller
* Attlee
* Polanyi
* Makhno
* Cole
* Nagy
* Gerhardsen
* Orwell
* Dougals
* Senghor
* Erlander
* Allende
* Kreisky
* Mitterrand
* Nasser
* Mandela
* Bookcin
* Dubček
* Zinn
* Castoriadis
* Thompson
* Manley
* Chomsky
* King
* Pertini
* Craxi
* Layton
* West
* Sanders
* Ali
* Öcalan
* Žižek
* Hedges
* Corbyn
* Varoufakis

Organizations

* First International
* Second International
* Third International
* Fourth International
* Fifth International
* Labour and
Socialist International
* Socialist International
* World Federation of Democratic
Youth
* International Union of Socialist
Youth
* World Socialist Movement
* International Committee of the
Fourth International
* Progressive Alliance

Related topics

* Anarchism
* Capitalism
* Communist society
* Criticism of capitalism
* Criticism of socialism
* Economic calculation problem
* Economic system
* French Left
* Left-libertarianism
* Libertarianism
* List of socialists
* List of socialist economists
* Marxist philosophy
* Nanosocialism
* Progressivism
* Socialism and LGBT rights
* Socialist calculation debate
* Socialist Party
* Socialist state
* Types of socialism

*   *   *

* v
* t
* e

Template:Progressivism sidebar The first modern socialists of the 19th century followed utopian socialism.[13] Rather than advocating for revolution, thinkers such as Henri de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, and Robert Owen believed they could convince the governments and ruling classes in England and France to adopt their schemes through persuasion.[13] Reformism has expressed itself in socialism through a willingness to challenge revolutionary tenets of Marxist orthodoxy and through objections to aspects of scientific socialism, being broadly labeled as reformist socialism or progressive socialism. 19th century economist G.A. Kleene referred to progressive socialism as containing Eduard Bernstein’s position against “‘Old-School’ Marxism."[14] Reformist willingness to challenge scientific socialism, such as through critique to the law of increasing misery, has been historically connected to the concept of progressive socialism.[15]

In 1875, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) adopted a Lassallist orientation in its Gotha Program, which proposed "every lawful means" on a way to a "socialist society" and was criticized by Karl Marx, who considered communist revolution a required step. One of the delegates to the SPD congress was Bernstein, who later expanded on the concept, proposing what he termed "evolutionary socialism." Bernstein’s "revisionism" was quickly targeted by revolutionary socialists. Rosa Luxemburg condemned Bernstein's evolutionary socialism in her 1900 essay Social Reform or Revolution? and the orthodox Marxist Karl Kautsky sharply criticized Bernstein’s framework in his 1909 work Road to Power.[16][17] After Luxemburg died in the German Revolution, reformists in the SPD soon found themselves contending with the Bolsheviks and their satellite communist parties for the support of intellectuals and the working class. In 1959, the Godesberg Program (signed at a party convention in Bad Godesberg in the West German capital of Bonn) marked the shift of the SPD from an orthodox Marxist program espousing an end to the capitalist system to a reformist one focused on social reform.[18]

After Joseph Stalin consolidated power in the Soviet Union, the Comintern launched a campaign against the reformist movement by denouncing them as "social fascists." According to The God that Failed by Arthur Koestler, a former member of the Communist Party of Germany, the largest communist party in Western Europe in the interwar period, communists aligned with the Soviet Union continued to consider the SPD to be the real enemy in Germany even after the Nazi Party had gotten into power.[19]

In Italy during the onslaught of Italian fascism, Carlo Rosselli broadly concurred with Bernstein's revisionist and reformist assessment of orthodox Marxism, endorsing the perspective that socialism ought to be the democratic successor of liberalism and emphasizing anti-fascism. Both Rosselli and Bernstein dismissed the rigorous historical materialism and deterministic perspective of class struggle intrinsic to traditional Marxism, instead endorsing a pragmatic, ethical, and political approach to social democracy within the framework of existing liberal-democratic institutions (which Rosselli worked into his framework of liberal socialism).[20]

Reformism is not directly synonymous with gradualism. However, Fabianism in the United Kingdom, while not a direct parallel of the Marxist reformism associated with Bernstein and the German SPD, is noted as having "undoubtedly done much toward the permeation of public opinion with a progressive evolutionary socialism" and being a gradualist tendency within progressive socialism or reformist socialism.[21] Reformism was applied to elements within the British Labour Party in the 1950s and subsequently on the party's right wing. Anthony Crosland wrote The Future of Socialism (1956) as a personal manifesto arguing for a reformulation of the term.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025} ionalization]], or public ownership, for socialists was much reduced as a consequence of contemporary full employment, Keynesian management of the economy and reduced capitalist exploitation.[citation needed] After the third successive defeat o om general election|1959 general election]], Hugh Gaitskell attempted to reformulate the original wording of Clause IV in the party's constitution, but proved unsuccessful.[citation needed] Some of the younger followers of Gaitskell, principally Roy Jenkins, ry Bank|Bill Rodgers]] and Shirley Williams, left the Labour Party in 1981 to found the Social Democratic Party, but the central objective of the Gaitskellites was eventually achieved by Tony Blair in his successful attempt to rewrite Clause IV in 1995.[citation needed] In the modern day, progressive or reformist socialism may be associated with the left-wing of social democracy, or the moderate or "mainstream" wing of democratic socialism, and liberal socialism.[22][23][24][25][26]

## See also

* Centrist Marxism
* Communalism (Bookchin)
* Democratic socialism
* Ethical socialism
* Fabian Society
* Impossibilism
* Incrementalism
* Iranian Reformists
* Libertarian possibilism
* Opportunism
* Passive revolution
* Radicalism
* Possibilism (politics)
* Post-capitalism
* Reform movement
* Revolutionary socialism
* Revisionism
* Social change
* Social democracy
* Social liberalism

## References

1. ↑ "Reformism". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/reformism. "[Reformism is] a doctrine or movement advocating reform, esp[ecially] political or religious reform, rather than abolition."
2. ↑ Gorz, André (1987). "Strategy for Labor". Theories of the Labor Movement. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 102. ISBN 9780814318164. https://books.google.com/books?id=VOOtjT464CMC.
3. ↑ Blackledge, Paul (4 July 2013). "Left reformism, the state and the problem of socialist politics today". International Socialist Journal (139). https://www.isj.org.uk/?id=903. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
4. ↑ For example: Fensham, F. Charles (24 February 1983). "Historical Background". The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. The New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 9781467422987. https://books.google.com/books?id=GmRyCgAAQBAJ. Retrieved 29 January 2024. "One may envisage the events according to the traditional view as follows. Ezra arrived in Jerusalem in 458 with the sole aim — and by order of the Persian king — to promulgate a religious reform. [...] Presumably, after his reforms Ezra returned to Susa. [...] During Nehemiah's twelve-year stay in Jerusalem Ezra returned and supported Nehemiah's attempts to carry through his reforms. [...] the temple had been rebuilt, the wall of Jerusalem restored, the cultic activities properly organized, and the purity of the religion preserved."
5. ↑ Monroe, Lauren A. S. (1 June 2011). "Herem Ideology and the politics of Destruction: Josiah's Reform in Deuteronomistic Perspective". Josiah's Reform and the Dynamics of Defilement: Israelite Rites of Violence and the Making of a Biblical Text. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199775361. https://books.google.com/books?id=bqpoAgAAQBAJ. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
6. ↑ Not just in the shape of Calvinism's Reformed Church, but also due to Luther, Wesley and sundry others – see Reformation as well as Counter-Reformation.
7. ↑ Haddad, Mohamed (28 February 2021). Muslim Reformism – A Critical History: Is Islamic Religious Reform Possible?. Volume 11 of Philosophy and Politics – Critical Explorations. Springer International Publishing. ISBN 9783030367763. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHwvzgEACAAJ. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Parker, Stan (March 2002). "Reformism – or socialism?". Socialist Standard. https://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/socialist-standard/2000s/2002/no-1171-march-2002/reformism-or-socialism.
9. ↑ Hallas, Duncan (January 1973). "Do We Support Reformist Demands?". Controversy: Do We Support Reformist Demands?. International Socialism. http://www.marxists.org/archive/hallas/works/1973/01/reform.htm.
10. ↑ Clifton, Lois (November 2011). "Do we need reform of revolution?". Socialist Review. http://socialistreview.org.uk/363/do-we-need-reform-or-revolution.
11. ↑ "Reform Party of Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia. 7 February 2006. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/reform-party-of-canada. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
12. ↑ Dowson, Ross (13 January 2006). "The Socialist Vanguard and the New Democratic Party – The NDP is a reformist party". Marxists Internet Archive. https://www.marxists.org/archive/dowson/ndp.html#3.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Sydney Frank Markham (1930). A History of Socialism. A. & C. Black, Limited. pp. 20–21. https://books.google.com/books?id=tq4VAAAAMAAJ.
14. ↑ G.A. Kleene (1915). Socialism - The Handbook Series. New York, NY: H.W. Wilson Company. p. 107. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Socialism/0RANAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0. Retrieved 2025-12-25. "Within the past few years, however, Marxism, as a theory and a political method, has entered upon a crisis that perhaps indicates its dissolution, while in the movement represented by Bernstein, the editor and biographer of Lassalle, but long known as a Marxist, there has come to the front a Socialism that bears closer resemblance to that of Lassalle than to that of Marx. Lassalle is not invoked as its leader; the cry ‘Back to Lassalle’ has not been raised, but there is, nevertheless, a turning from Marxian materialism to idealism, from marxian dislike of patriotism and the national spirit to an acknowledgment of the importance of national interests, from Marxian hatred of the present state to a recognition of what governments, as organized today, have done and can do for the laboring class."
15. ↑ James Edward Le Rossignol (1921). What is Socialism? An Explanation and Criticism of the Doctrines and Proposals of "scientific Socialism". New York, NY: Thomas Y. Crowley Company. p. 98. https://www.google.com/books/edition/What_is_Socialism/GjUmAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0. Retrieved December 25, 2025. "Kautsky said at the Lübeck Congress of 1901: ‘Increasing misery is to be understood only as a tendency, and not as an unconditional truth.’ In reply to him, Dr. David, a progressive socialist, said: ‘If one alters one’s opinion one should have the courage and strength to say, ‘We made a mistake.'"
16. ↑ Luxemburg, Rosa (1900) (in en). Social Reform Or Revolution?. https://books.google.com/books?id=AH4ozAEACAAJ&q=Social+reform+or+revolution.
17. ↑ Kautsky, Karl (1909). The Road to Power. Germany: Bloch. https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1909/power/.
18. ↑ Berman, Sheri (2006). The Primacy of Politics: Social Democracy and the Making of Europe's Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 190. ISBN 9780521817998.
19. ↑ Koestler, Arthur. Crossman, Richard. ed. The God That Failed (10th ed.). Bantam Matrix. pp. 41–42.
20. ↑ Carlo Rosselli (1930). Nadia Urbinati. ed. Liberal Socialism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 59. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Liberal_Socialism/V5srDgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0. Retrieved December 25, 2025. "From Marxism the road leads to revisionism, and from revisionism to liberalism. This progression is inevitable. Thirty years ago Bernstein let it be understood that this would be the conclusion. The socialist movement means everything, he said, and the end means nothing...This was the formulation of a liberal socialist. At the time it caused a scandal. Today it is on the way to becoming the characteristic point of view of the entire new socialist generation."
21. ↑ Thomas Kirkup (1909). A History of Socialism. London: A & C Black. p. 330. https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_History_of_Socialism/TURYAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0. Retrieved December 25, 2025. "By its popular lectures and discussions, by its tracts and its articles in the monthly reviews, as well as by its activity in the press, the Fabian Society has undoubtedly done much toward the permeation of public opinion with a progressive evolutionary socialism."
22. ↑ Rooksby, Ed (2013-10-07). "“Left Reformism” and socialist strategy" (in en-GB). https://isj.org.uk/left-reformism-and-socialist-strategy/.
23. ↑ Sunkara, Bhaskar; McKowen, Kelly (June 3, 2019). "The Social Democratic Road to Socialism: An Interview with Bhaskar Sunkara" (in en-US). https://www.europenowjournal.org/2019/06/10/the-social-democratic-road-to-socialism-an-interview-with-bhaskar-sunkara﻿/.
24. ↑ "Moderation Wins in Mid‐Europe" (in en). The New York Times: pp. 42. October 12, 1971. https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/12/archives/moderation-wins-in-mideurope.html.
25. ↑ Kamenka, Eugene (1989). "Bureaucracy". https://www.marxists.org/archive/kamenka/1989/bureaucracy/capitalism-socialism.htm.
26. ↑ McManus, Matthew (February 20, 2024). "Liberal socialism now". Aeon (Melbourne: Aeon Media Group Ltd.). https://aeon.co/essays/the-case-for-liberal-socialism-in-the-21st-century. Retrieved December 25, 2025.

## External links

* Luxemburg, Rosa (1900). Reform or Revolution?

* v
* t
* e

Social democracy

History|

* Age of Enlightenment
* Frankfurt Declaration
* French Revolution
* Godesberg Program
* Humanism
* Internationalist–defencist schism
* Keynesianism
* Labor movement
* Marxism
* Orthodox
* Revisionist
* Nordic model
* Reformist–revolutionary dispute
* Socialism
* Revolutions of 1848
* Utopian socialism
* Welfare capitalism

Concepts|

* Civil liberties
* Democracy
* Economic
* Industrial
* Representative
* Dirigisme
* Environmentalism
* Environmental protection
* Fair trade
* Gradualism
* Internationalism
* Land reform
* Labor rights
* Left-wing nationalism
* Mixed economy
* {{{sp}}}|uk|s|z}}ation
* Negative and positive rights
* Progressivism
* Reformism
* Left
* Socialism
* Revolutionary socialism
* Secularism
* Social corporatism
* Social justice
* Social market economy
* Socialist state
* Capitalism
* Socialism
* Trade union
* Tripartisme
* Welfare
* Welfare state

Variants|

* Democratic socialism
* Ethical socialism
* Evolutionary socialism
* Liberal socialism
* Socialism of the 21st century
* Third Way

People|

* Ambedkar
* Allende
* Ardern
* Attlee
* Awolowo
* Batlle y Ordóñez
* Bebel
* Ben-Gurion
* Bernstein
* Betancourt
* Bhutto
* Blair
* Blanc
* Brandt
* Branting
* Brown
* Callaghan
* Lázaro Cárdenas
* Chávez
* Clark
* Craxi
* Crosland
* Corbyn
* Curtin
* Daszyński
* Debs
* Douglas
* Drees
* Ebert
* Ecevit
* Engels
* Fraser
* Gaitskell
* Gandhi
* González
* Goulart
* Hardie
* Hilferding
* Jaurès
* Jenkins
* Junmai
* Katayama
* Kautsky
* Kerensky
* Kéthly
* Kirk
* Lagos
* Lassalle
* Layton
* Lenin
* Lévesque
* Liebknecht (father)
* Liebknecht (son)
* Rosa Luxemburg
* MacDonald
* Mandela
* Marx
* Morales
* Myrdal
* Nehru
* Batlle y Ordóñez
* Palme
* Plekhanov
* Prodi
* Russell
* Sanders
* Savage
* Stauning
* Thomas
* Den Uyl
* Webb
* Wilson
* Zhordania

{{{sp}}}|uk|s|z}}ations|

* International Trade Union Confederation
* International Union of Socialist Youth
* Party of European Socialists
* Progressive Alliance
* Socialist International
* Young European Socialists

By region|

* Austria
* Germany
* United States

Related|

* Communism
* "The Internationale"
* Socialism
* Types of socialism

* Economics portal
* Politics portal
* Socialism portal

* v
* t
* e

Socialism

Schools of thought|

* 21st century
* Agrarian
* Communist
* Democratic
* Ethical
* Feminist
* Green
* Guild
* Labourism
* Syndicalism
* Liberal
* Market
* Marxian
* Nationalist
* Reformist
* Revolutionary
* Scientific
* Social democracy
* Utopian
* Fourierism
* Icarianism
* Owenism
* Saint-Simonianism
* Technocracy

| Libertarian
(From below)|

* Anarchism
* Collectivist
* Communist
* Free-market
* Left-wing laissez-faire
* Left-wing market
* Green
* Individualist
* Insurrectionary
* Magonism
* Mutualism
* Neozapatismo
* Participism
* Platformism
* Social
* Syndicalist
* Left-libertarianism
* Libertarian Marxism
* Left communism
* Council communism
* Luxemburgism
* Mao-Spontex
* Third camp

|

Authoritarian
(From above)|

* Barracks
* Nechayevism
* Blanquism
* Bolshevism
* Leninism
* Marxism–Leninism
* Brezhnevism
* Castroism
* Ceaușism
* Guevarism
* Ho Chi Minh Thought
* Hoxhaism
* Husakism
* Juche
* Kadarism
* Khrushchevism
* Maoism
* Dengism
* Maoism–Third Worldism
* Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
* Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought
* Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path
* Xi Jinping Thought
* Stalinism
* Neo-Stalinism
* Tkachevism
* Trotskyism
* Neo-Trotskyism
* Pabloism
* Posadism
* Orthodox Trotskyism
* State
* Lassallism

Religious|

* Buddhist
* Christian
* Islamic
* Jewish

Regional variants|

* African
* African-Caribbean
* Arab
* Bolivarian
* Chinese
* Communist
* Nationalist
* European
* Eurocommunism
* Israeli
* Indonesian
* Melanesian
* Mexican
* Soviet
* In one country
* Real
* Sri Lankan
* Third World
* Yugoslav

Key topics and issues|

* Anarchist economics
* Anti-revisionism
* Criticism of capitalism
* Criticism of socialism
* Class struggle
* Democracy
* Dictatorship of the proletariat
* Egalitarianism
* Equality of outcome
* History of anarchism
* History of communism
* History of socialism
* Impossibilism
* "The Internationale"
* Internationalism
* State-owned enterprise
* Land reform
* Left-wing politics
* Mixed economy
* Mode of production
* Nanosocialism
* Nationalization
* Planned economy
* Post-capitalism
* Proletarian revolution
* Reformism
* Revisionism
* Socialisation of production
* Socialist economics
* Socialist market economy
* Socialist state
* State capitalism
* Trade union
* Welfare state

Concepts|

* Adhocracy
* Anarchist economics
* Basic income
* Calculation in kind
* Commune
* Common ownership
* Cooperative ownership
* Decentralized planning
* Direct democracy
* Economic democracy
* Economic planning
* Equal opportunity
* Free association
* Industrial democracy
* Labor-time calculation
* Labour voucher
* Organizational self-management
* Production for use
* Public ownership
* Social dividend
* Socialist mode of production
* Technocracy
* Workplace democracy

People|

| 16th c.|

* Tommaso Campanella
* Thomas More

|

18th c.|

* Gracchus Babeuf
* Victor d'Hupay
* Gabriel Bonnot de Mably
* Sylvain Maréchal
* Étienne-Gabriel Morelly

19th c.|

* Stephen Pearl Andrews
* Mikhail Bakunin
* John Goodwyn Barmby
* Enrico Barone
* August Bebel
* Edward Bellamy
* Eduard Bernstein
* Louis Blanc
* Louis Auguste Blanqui
* Philippe Buchez
* Georg Büchner
* Philippe Buonarroti
* Étienne Cabet
* Edward Carpenter
* Nikolay Chernyshevsky
* James Connolly
* Victor Prosper Considerant
* Claire Démar
* Théodore Dézamy
* W. E. B. Du Bois
* Prosper Enfantin
* Friedrich Engels
* Charles Fourier
* Emma Goldman
* William Batchelder Greene
* Charles Hall
* Alexander Herzen
* Thomas Hodgskin
* Jean Jaurès
* Mother Jones
* Karl Kautsky
* Peter Kropotkin
* Paul Lafargue
* Albert Laponneraye
* Ferdinand Lassalle
* Pyotr Lavrov
* Alexandre Ledru-Rollin
* Pierre Leroux
* Helen Macfarlane
* Errico Malatesta
* Karl Marx
* Louise Michel
* Nikolay Mikhaylovsky
* William Morris
* Robert Owen
* Antonie Pannekoek
* Giovanni Pascoli
* Constantin Pecqueur
* Georgi Plekhanov
* Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
* Luis Emilio Recabarren
* Henri de Saint-Simon
* Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin
* George Sand
* Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz
* Eugène Sue
* Lysander Spooner
* Fred M. Taylor
* William Thompson
* Pyotr Tkachev
* Benjamin Tucker
* Suzanne Voilquin
* Alfred Russel Wallace
* Josiah Warren
* Wilhelm Weitling
* Oscar Wilde

20th c.|

* Tariq Ali
* Salvador Allende
* Louis Aragon
* Clement Attlee
* Henri Barbusse
* Zygmunt Bauman
* Simone de Beauvoir
* Walter Benjamin
* Tony Benn
* Léon Blum
* Grace Lee Boggs
* Murray Bookchin
* Bertolt Brecht
* Aristide Briand
* Nikolai Bukharin
* Cornelius Castoriadis
* Hugo Chávez
* Noam Chomsky
* G. D. H. Cole
* Jeremy Corbyn
* Bob Crow
* Guy Debord
* Eugene V. Debs
* John Dewey
* Alexander Dubček
* Albert Einstein
* Einar Gerhardsen
* Mikhail Gorbachev
* Maxim Gorky
* Antonio Gramsci
* Chris Hedges
* Eric Hobsbawm
* Dolores Ibárruri
* Pablo Iglesias Posse
* Elfriede Jelinek
* Martin Luther King Jr.
* Alexandra Kollontai
* Jack Layton
* Henri Lefebvre
* Claude Lefort
* Vladimir Lenin
* Ken Livingstone
* György Lukács
* Rosa Luxemburg
* Nestor Makhno
* Nelson Mandela
* Mao Dun
* Vladimir Mayakovsky
* Maurice Merleau-Ponty
* China Miéville
* François Mitterrand
* Evo Morales
* Imre Nagy
* Gamal Abdel Nasser
* Otto Neurath
* Paul Nizan
* Abdullah Öcalan
* Seán O'Casey
* George Orwell
* Sylvia Pankhurst
* Fred Paterson
* Pier Paolo Pasolini
* Karl Polanyi
* Bertrand Russell
* Gaetano Salvemini
* Bernie Sanders
* Jean-Paul Sartre
* Arthur Scargill
* Léopold Sédar Senghor
* George Bernard Shaw
* R. H. Tawney
* E. P. Thompson
* Ernst Toller
* Leon Trotsky
* Yanis Varoufakis
* H. G. Wells
* Cornel West
* Richard D. Wolff
* Clara Zetkin
* Howard Zinn
* Slavoj Žižek

Organizations|

* Communist International
* Fifth International
* Foro de São Paulo
* Fourth International
* International League of Peoples' Struggle
* International League of Religious Socialists
* International Marxist Tendency
* International Union of Socialist Youth
* International Workingmen's Association
* Second International
* Socialist International
* World Federation of Democratic Youth
* World Socialist Movement

See also|

* Anarchism
* Criticism of socialism
* Communism
* Economic calculation problem
* Marxist philosophy
* New Left
* Old Left
* Socialist calculation debate

* Politics portal
* Socialism portal

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformism. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Social:Reformism&oldid=4236202"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[c.]: century