Romanian Cyrillic alphabet

Short description: 1500s–1860s alphabet used to write Romanian

Not to be confused with Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet.

Romanian Cyrillic

Type|

Alphabet

Languages| Romanian

Time period

| 14th–19th centuries[lower-alpha 1]

Parent systems

Phoenician alphabet

* Greek alphabet
* Glagolitic alphabet
* Cyrillic
* Romanian Cyrillic

Sister systems

| Early Cyrillic alphabet
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet is the Cyrillic alphabet that was used to write the Romanian language and Church Slavonic from the 14th century until the early 1860s, when it began to be gradually replaced by a Latin-based Romanian alphabet. Cyrillic remained in occasional use until the 1920s, mostly in Russian-ruled Bessarabia.[1]

From the 1860s until the full adoption of the Latin alphabet, the Romanian transitional alphabet was in place, combining Cyrillic and Latin letters, and including some of the Latin letters with diacritics that remain in the modern Romanian alphabet.[2] The Romanian Orthodox Church continued using the alphabet in its publications until 1881.[3]

The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet is not the same as the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet (which is based on the modern Russian alphabet) that was used in the Moldavian SSR for most of the Soviet era and that is still used in Transnistria.

## Contents

* 1 Rules
* 2 Table of correspondence
* 3 Unregulated transitional alphabets
* 4 Example of Romanian Cyrillic text
* 5 See also
* 6 Notes
* 7 References

## Rules

The orthographic rules for the Romanian Cyrillic script were relatively inconsistent, especially differing from region to region.

Some of the more common (especially in the late 18th century) standards include:[4]

1\. 'ь' is placed at the end of words ending in a consonant. It represents the archaic Romanian "short asyllabic final u sound", which was denoted with 'ꙋ' or 'ꙋ꙼' in some older texts.[5] 'ь' was eventually dropped to reduce printing cost.

2\. The breve mark is used to mark a vowel as short, such as with 'й' and 'Ꙋ꙼' which are not considered separate from 'и' and 'ꙋ' respectively.

3\. Є, Ѻ, Оу and Ꙗ are the initial variants of Е, О, Ꙋ, Ѧ respectively.

4\. Ї is the equivalent of И before a vowel. It is also used in Greek loanwords and proper names.

5\. Ꙟ serves as the word initial equivalent of ѫ. It can represent the sounds /ɨn/ and /ɨm/ as well.

6\. Ѯ Ѱ Ѳ Ѵ are only used in Greek loanwords.

7\. Ѵ usually represents the sounds /i/ when proceeding a consonant and /v/ when proceeding a vowel. Although educated speakers likely pronounced it as /y/.

8\. 'їꙋ' or iotated ꙋ may be used in place of 'ю' in proper names.

9\. 'ꙍ' can be used as a variation of 'ѻ' as well as replacing 'o' when stressed. It also appears in the endings of words in the genitive and dative. It rarely represents the diphthong /o̯a/ more often representing the diphthong /ŭə/.

## Table of correspondence

The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet was close to the contemporary version of the Early Cyrillic alphabet of the Church Slavonic liturgical language.

Letter  | Numerical
value | Romanian
Latin
equivalent  | Transitional
alphabet  | Moldovan
Cyrillic
equivalent  | Phoneme  | Romanian
name[6] | Slavonic
equiv.
name

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

А а | 1 | a | A a | а | /a/ | az | азъ (azŭ)
Б Б |  | b | Б Б | б | /b/ | buche | бꙋкꙑ (buky)
В в | 2 | v | В в | в | /v/ | vede | вѣдѣ (vĕdĕ)
Г г | 3 | gh (before e, i)
g (elsewhere)  | G g | г | /ɡ/ | glagol | глаголи (glagoli)
Д д | 4 | d | D d | д | /d/ | dobru | добро (dobro)
Є є, Е е[lower-alpha 2] | 5 | e | E e | е | /e/ | est | єстъ (estŭ)
Ж ж |  | j | Ж ж | ж | /ʒ/ | juvete | живѣтє (živěte)
Ѕ ѕ | 6 | dz | Ḑ ḑ | дз | /d͡z/ | zalu | ꙃѣло (dzělo)
З з | 7 | z | Z z | з | /z/ | zemle | зємл҄ꙗ (zemlja)
И и | 8 | i | I i | и | /i/ | ije | ижє (iže)
Й й[lower-alpha 3] |  | i | Ĭ ĭ | й | /j/, /ʲ/
І і[lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 5] | 10 | i | I i | и | /i/ | i | и (i)
К к | 20 | ch (before e, i)
c (elsewhere)  | К к

K k | к | /k/ | kaku | како (kako)
Л л | 30 | l | Л л | л | /l/ | liude | людиѥ (ljudije)
М м | 40 | m | M m | м | /m/ | mislete | мꙑслитє (myslite)
Н н | 50 | n | N n | н | /n/ | naș | нашь (našĭ)
Ѻ ѻ, О о[lower-alpha 2] | 70 | o | O o | о | /o̯/ | on | онъ (onŭ)
П п | 80 | p | П п | п | /p/ | pocoi | покои (pokoi)
Р р | 100 | r | Р р | р | /r/ | râță | рьци (rĭci)
С с | 200 | s | S s | с | /s/ | slovă | слово (slovo)
Т т | 300 | t | T t | т | /t/ | tferdu | тврьдо (tvrĭdo)
ОУ оу[lower-alpha 2] | 400 | u | Ꙋ ꙋ[7] (Ȣ, ȣ, ɣ) | у | /u/ | upsilon | ꙋкъ (ukŭ)
Оу Ȣ, У Ȣ[lower-alpha 2] |  | ucu
Ф ф | 500 | f | F f | ф | /f/ | fârta | фрьтъ (frĭtŭ)
Х х | 600 | h | Х х | х | /h/ | heru | хѣръ (xěrŭ)
Ѡ ѡ[lower-alpha 6] | 800 | o | O o | о | /o/ | omega | отъ (otŭ)
Щ щ |  | șt | Щ щ | шт | /ʃt/ | ștea | ща (šta)
Ц ц | 900 | ț | Ц ц | ц | /t͡s/ | ți | ци
Ч ч | 90 | c (before e, i)
ci (elsewhere)  | Ч ч | ч | /t͡ʃ/ | cervu | чрьвь (črĭvĭ)
Ш ш |  | ș | Ш ш | ш | /ʃ/ | șa | ша (ša)
Ъ ъ |  | ă, ŭ[lower-alpha 7] | Ъ ъ | э | /ə/ | ier | ѥръ (jerŭ)
Ы ы, Ꙑ ꙑ |  | â, î | Î î | ы | /ɨ/ | ierî | ѥрꙑ (jery)
Ь ь |  | ă, ŭ, ĭ[lower-alpha 7] | Ꙋ̆ ꙋ̆ | ь | — | ieri | ѥрь (jerĭ)
Ѣ ѣ |  | ea | Ea ea | я | /e̯a/ | eati(u) | ѣть (ětĭ)
Ю ю |  | iu | Ĭꙋ ĭꙋ | ю | /ju/ | io / iu | ю (ju)
Ꙗ ꙗ[lower-alpha 2] |  | ia | Ĭa ĭa | я | /ja/ | ia | ꙗ (ja)
Ѥ ѥ[lower-alpha 2] |  | ie | Ĭe ĭe | ие | /je/ |  | ѥ (je)
Ѧ ѧ |  | ĭa, ea[lower-alpha 7] | Ĭa ĭa, Ea ea | я | /ja/ | ia | ѧсъ (ęsŭ)
Ѫ ѫ |  | î | Î î | ы | /ɨ/ | ius | ѫсъ (ǫsŭ)
Ѯ ѯ[lower-alpha 8] | 60 | x | Ks ks | кс | /ks/ | csi | ѯи (ksi)
Ѱ ѱ[lower-alpha 8] | 700 | ps | Пs пs | пс | /ps/ | psi | ѱи (psi)
Ѳ ѳ[lower-alpha 8] | 9 | th, ft | T t, Ft ft | т, фт | /t/ and approx. /θ/ or /f/ | thita | фита (fita)
Ѵ ѵ[lower-alpha 8] | 400 | i, u | I i; Ꙋ ꙋ | и, у | /i/, /y/, /v/ | ijița | ижица (ižica)
Ꙟ ꙟ, ↑ ↑ |  | în îm | În în Îm îm | ын, ым | /ɨn/, /ɨm/ | în |
Џ џ |  | g (before e, i)
gi (elsewhere)  | Џ џ | ӂ | /d͡ʒ/ | gea |

## Unregulated transitional alphabets

Main article: Social:Romanian transitional alphabet

Starting with the 1830s and ending with the official adoption of the Latin alphabet, there were no regulations for writing Romanian, and various alphabets using Cyrillic and Latin letters, besides the mid-transitional version in the table above, were used, sometimes two or more of them in a single book. The following table shows some of the many alphabets used in print.

Pre-1830  | 1833[8] | 1838[9] | 1846 (1)[10] | 1846 (2)[11] | 1848[12] | 1858[13] | 1860[14]

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

А а | А а | А а | А а | А а | А а | A a | A a
Б Б | Б Б | Б Б | Б Б | Б Б | Б Б | B b  | Б Б
В в | В в | В в | В в | В в | В в | V v | В в
Г г | Г г | Г г | Г г | Г г | Г г | G g | Г г
Д д | Д д | Д д | D d | Д д | D d | D d | D d
Є є, Е e | Є є | Є є | E e | E ɛ | E e | E e | E e
Ж ж | Ж ж | Ж ж | Ж ж | Ж ж | Ж ж | J j | Ж ж
Ѕ ѕ | Ѕ ѕ | Дз дз | Ḑ ḑ | Дз дз | Dz dz | Dz dz | Dz dz
З з | З з | З з | Z z | З з | Z z | Z z | Z z
И и | И и | I i | I i | І і | I i | I i | I i
І і | Ї ї | I i | I i | І і | I i | I i | I i
К к | К к | К к | K k | К к | К к | K k | K k
Л л | Л л | Л л | Л л | Л л | Л л | L l | L l
М м | М м | М м | M m | М м | M m | M m | M m
Н н | Н н | Н н | N n | N ɴ | N n | N n | N n
Ѻ ѻ, О o | О о | О о | O o | О о | О о | О о | O о
П п | П п | П п | П п | П п | П п | П п | П п
Р р | Р р | Р р | Р р | Р р | Р р | R r | Р р
С с | С с | С с | S s | С с | С с | S s | S s
Т т | Т т | Т т | T t | Т т | Т т | T t | T t
Оу оу  | У у (initial)
Ꙋ ꙋ (mid and final)  | Ȣ ȣ  | Ȣ ȣ  | Ȣ ȣ  | Ȣ ȣ  | Ȣ ȣ  | Ȣ ȣ
Ꙋ, ȣ
Ф ф | Ф ф | Ф ф | Ф ф | Ф ф | Ф ф | F f | Ф ф
Х х | Х х | Х х | Х х | Х х | Х х | Х х | Х х
Ѡ ѡ  | Ѡ ѡ[lower-alpha 9] | О о | O o | О о | O o | О о | О о
Щ щ | Щ щ | Щ щ | Щ щ | Шт шт | Щ щ | Шt шt | Шt шt
Ц ц | Ц ц | Ц ц | Ц ц | Ц ц | Ц ц | Ц ц | Ц ц
Ч ч | Ч ч | Ч ч | Ч ч | Ч ч | Ч ч | Ч ч | Ч ч
Ш ш | Ш ш | Ш ш | Ш ш | Ш ш | Ш ш | Ш ш | Ш ш
Ъ ъ | Ъ ъ | Ъ ъ | Ъ ъ | Ъ ъ | Ъ ъ | Ъ ъ | Ъ ъ
Ы ы  | Ꙟ ꙟ (initial)
Ѫ ѫ (mid and final)  | Ꙟ ꙟ (initial)
Ѫ ѫ (mid and final)  | Ꙟ ꙟ | Ꙟ ꙟ / Î î (transitional form)  | Ꙟ ꙟ (initial)
Ѫ ѫ (mid and final)  | Î î | Î î
Ѣ ѣ  | Ѣ ѣ | Ѣ ѣ | Ea ea  | Eа εа (ligature, small letter only)  | Ea ea | Ea ea | Ea ea
Ю ю  | Ю ю  | IꙊ iꙋ (ligature)  | IȢ Iȣ iȣ (ligature)  | IȢ Iȣ іȣ (ligature, small letter only)  | IȢ iȣ | IȢ iȣ (ligature)  | ĬȢ ĭȣ
Ꙗ ꙗ  | Ꙗ ꙗ (initial)
Ѧ ѧ (mid and final)  | Ꙗ ꙗ  | Ꙗ Iа (ligature) ꙗ  | IА Iа ꙗ | Ia ia | Ĭa ĭa | Ĭa ĭa
Ѥ ѥ | Йє йє | Ĭe ĭe | Ĭe ĭe | Ĭε ĭε | Ie ie | Ĭe ĭe | Ĭe ĭe
Ѧ ѧ  | Ꙗ ꙗ (initial)
Ѧ ѧ (mid and final)  | Ꙗ ꙗ  | Ꙗ Iа (ligature) ꙗ  | IА Iа ꙗ | Ia ia | Ĭa ĭa | Ĭa ĭa
Ѫ ѫ  | Ꙟ ꙟ (initial)
Ѫ ѫ (mid and final)  | Ꙟ ꙟ (initial)
Ѫ ѫ (mid and final)  | Ꙟ ꙟ | Ꙟ ꙟ / Î î (transitional form)  | Ꙟ ꙟ (initial)
Ѫ ѫ (mid and final)  | Î î | Î î
Ѯ ѯ | Кс кс | Кс кс | Ks ks | Кс кс | Кс кс | Ks ks | Ks ks
Ѱ ѱ[lower-alpha 8] | Пс пс | Пс пс | Пs пs | Пс пс | Пс пс | Пs пs | Пs пs
Ѳ ѳ[lower-alpha 8] | Т т | Т т | T t | Ѳ ѳ | Т т | T t | T t
Ѵ ѵ[lower-alpha 8] | И, Ꙋ | I, Ꙋ | I, ȣ | І, ȣ | І, ȣ | I, ȣ | I, ȣ
Ꙟ ꙟ | Ꙟн ꙟн Ꙟм ꙟм | Ꙟн ꙟн Ꙟм ꙟм | Ꙟн ꙟн Ꙟм ꙟм | Ꙟɴ ꙟɴ Ꙟм ꙟм | Ꙟn ꙟn Ꙟm ꙟm | În în Îm îm | În în Îm îm
Џ џ | Џ џ | Џ џ | Џ џ | Џ џ | Џ џ | Џ џ | Џ џ

## Example of Romanian Cyrillic text

According to a document from the 1850s,[15] this is how the Romanian Lord's Prayer looked in Cyrillic script. Transcriptional values correspond to the above table.

Та́тъль нѡ́стрꙋ  | Tatăl nostru

|

Та́тъль но́стрꙋ ка́реле є҆́щй ꙟ҆ че́рюрй: сфн҃цѣ́скъсе нꙋ́меле тъ́ꙋ:
Ві́е ꙟ҆пъръці́ѧ та̀: Фі́е во́ѧ та̀, пре кꙋ́мь ꙟ҆ че́рю, шѝ пре пъмѫ́нть.
Пѫ́йнѣ ноа́стръ, чѣ̀ де то́ате зи́леле, дъ́неѡ но́аѡ а҆́стъзй.
Шѝ не ꙗ҆́ртъ но́аѡ даторі́йле ноа́стре,
пре кꙋ́мь шѝ но́й є҆ртъ́мь дато́рничилѡрь но́щрй.
Шѝ нꙋ́ не дꙋ́че пе но́й ꙟ҆ и҆спи́тъ. Чѝ не и҆зБъвѣще де че́ль ръ́ꙋ.
Къ а҆та̀ ꙗ҆́сте ꙟ҆пъръці́ѧ, шѝ Пꙋтѣ́рѣ, шѝ мъри́рѣ ꙟ҆ вѣ́чй, а҆ми́нь.

Tatăl nostru, carele ești în ceriuri, sfințească-se numele tău:
Vie împărăția ta: Fie voia ta, pre cum în ceriu, și pre pământ.
Pâinea noastră, cea de toate zilele, dăneo noua astăzi.
Și ne iartă noua datoriile noastre,
pre cum și noi iertăm datornicilor noștri.
Și nu ne duce pe noi în ispită. Ci ne izbăveaște de cel rău.
Că ata iaste împărăția, și Putearea, și mărirea în veaci, amin.

* Early 19th century Romanian Cyrillic alphabet (Alecsandri, 1863)

* One of the oldest surviving documents in Romanian: Neacșu's Letter, a trader from Câmpulung, sent to the mayor of Brașov (1521)

* Title page of Carte Romănească de Învățătură (Varlaam Moțoc, 1643)

* A page of the Gospel Book printed in Bucharest (1723)

* The Lord's Prayer, in a 1786 religious document

* Title page of Legiuirea lui Caragea, a legal code of Wallachia (1818)

* First edition of Gazeta de Transilvania (1838)

* Title page of The Theoretical and Practical Basis of Church music or the Melodic Grammar (Anton Pann, 1845)

* Transitional alphabet (fragment of Dimitrie Bolintineanu's Călătorii pe Dunăre și în Bulgaria, 1858)

* The title page of the Cantacuzino Bible, the first complete translation of the Bible into Romanian (1688).

## See also

* Early Cyrillic alphabet
* Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet
* Romanian alphabet

## Notes

1. ↑ Earlist known usage dated back to 1521 Neacșu's letter.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Initial vs. non-initial shapes: Є/Е, Ѻ/О, Оу/Ꙋ, Ꙗ/Ѧ.
3. ↑ Й is hardly a separate letter of the alphabet; the letters І, Ю, Ȣ and Ѡ also accept a brevity sign.
4. ↑ In loanwords of Greek origin (or ones adopted through the Greek language), letters И and І correspond to eta and iota, respectively. In the words of Romanian origin and in Slavic loanwords, their usage follows Bulgarian alphabet, namely, І before vowels, otherwise И.
5. ↑ In earlier documents, Ї was preferred if no any other diacritic accepted.
6. ↑ The distinction of Ѡ and О is present not only in loanwords, but in Romanian words as well.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Letters ĭ and ŭ represent a barely spoken/heard i or u.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Letters Ѯ, Ѱ, Ѳ and Ѵ are used for copying Greek spelling of loanwords (especially for names and toponyms).
9. ↑ -лѡр only

## References

1. ↑ Ileana-Stanca Desa, Dulciu Morărescu, Ioana Patriche, Adriana Raliade, Iliana Sulică, Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. III: Catalog alfabetic 1919–1924, pp. 235–236, 264, 368, 374, 575, 708, 1024. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1987
2. ↑ George Baiculescu, Georgeta Răduică, Neonila Onofrei, Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. II: Catalog alfabetic 1907–1918. Supliment 1790–1906, pp. 763, 801, 810, 813, 832, 867. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1969
3. ↑ Grigore Chiriță, Societatea din Principatele Unite Române în perioada constituirii statului național (1856-1866), p. 134. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 2004, ISBN 978-973-270-984-9
4. ↑ Romulus, Ionașcu (1894) (in Ro). Sisteme ortografice în scrierea limbei꙼ române. pp. 11-15.
5. ↑ Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela, ed (2016-03-03). "The Syntax of Old Romanian" (in en). OUP Academic. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198712350.001.0001. https://academic.oup.com/book/26754.
6. ↑ According to Costache Negruzzi, "Cum am învățat românește", first published in Curier de Ambe Sexe, I, nr. 22, p.337–343
7. ↑ Book written in the transitional alphabet showing various letter forms
8. ↑ (in ro) Грамматикъ практїкъ романо-францозѧскъ [modernised: Grammatică practică romano-franțozească]. 1833. https://books.google.com/books?id=oNwTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA250. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
9. ↑ Dimitrie, Țichindeal (1838) (in ro). Філософіче ші політіче прін fabule înвъцътꙋрĭ морале [modernised: Filosofice și politice prin fabule învățaturĭ morale]. https://books.google.com/books?id=JTsQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PARA1-PA295. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
10. ↑ "Treboniu A."-1; "Bălcescu"-2, "Laurian"-1; "Nicolae"-2 (1846) (in Ro). Magazinu istoriku пентрꙋ Dacia. https://books.google.com/books?id=kvgRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA118. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
11. ↑ (in Ro) Ноꙋл Тестамент ал Домнꙋлꙋі ші Мꙟнтꙋіторꙋлꙋі нострꙋ Іісꙋс Хрістос[modernised: "Noul Testament al Domnului și Mîntuitorului nostru Iisus hristos"]. 1846. https://books.google.com/books?id=S7IMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PARA2-PA371. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
12. ↑ G. Shakespeare, William (1848) (in Ro). Біографа лꙋі Віліам Г. Шекспір дꙋпе le Fourneur [modernised: "Biografia lui Viliam G. Șecspir dupe Le Fourneur."]. https://books.google.com/books?id=B90TAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA32. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
13. ↑ Ioanid, George (1858) (in Ro). Istoria Moldo-Romănieĭ. https://books.google.com/books?id=uPsFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA305. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
14. ↑ O. Dumitrescu (1860) (in Ro). Cîntece naționale (3rd ed.). https://books.google.com/books?id=amQUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA2. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
15. ↑ :File:Romanian-kirilitza-tatal-nostru.jpg

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* Fox I
* Geʽez
* Gunjala Gondi
* Japanese Braille
* Jenticha
* Kayah Li
* Kharosthi
* Mandombe
* Masaram Gondi
* Meroitic
* Miao
* Mwangwego
* Sorang Sompeng
* Pahawh Hmong
* Thomas Natural Shorthand
* Warang Citi

Alphabets

| Linear|

* Abkhaz
* Adlam
* Armenian
* Avestan
* Avoiuli
* Bassa Vah
* Borama
* Carian
* Caucasian Albanian
* Coorgi–Cox alphabet
* Coptic
* Cyrillic
* Deseret
* Duployan shorthand
* Chinook writing
* Early Cyrillic
* Eclectic shorthand
* Elbasan
* Etruscan
* Evenki
* Fox II
* Fraser
* Gabelsberger shorthand
* Garay
* Georgian
* Asomtavruli
* Nuskhuri
* Mkhedruli
* Glagolitic
* Gothic
* Gregg shorthand
* Greek
* Greco-Iberian alphabet
* Hangul
* Hanifi
* IPA
* Kaddare
* Klingon
* Latin
* Beneventan
* Blackletter
* Carolingian minuscule
* Fraktur
* Gaelic
* Insular
* Kurrent
* Merovingian
* Sigla
* Sütterlin
* Tironian notes
* Visigothic
* Luo
* Lycian
* Lydian
* Manchu
* Mandaic
* Medefaidrin
* Molodtsov
* Mongolian
* Mru
* Neo-Tifinagh
* New Tai Lue
* N'Ko
* Ogham
* Oirat
* Ol Chiki
* Old Hungarian
* Old Italic
* Old Permic
* Orkhon
* Old Uyghur
* Osage
* Osmanya
* Pau Cin Hau
* Runic
* Anglo-Saxon
* Cipher
* Dalecarlian
* Elder Futhark
* Younger Futhark
* Gothic
* Marcomannic
* Medieval
* Staveless
* Sidetic
* Shavian
* Somali
* Tifinagh
* Vagindra
* Visible Speech
* Vithkuqi
* Wancho
* Zaghawa

|

Non-linear|

* Braille
* Maritime flags
* Telegraph code
* New York Point
* Flag semaphore
* Moon type

Ideograms and pictograms

* Adinkra
* Aztec
* Blissymbol
* Dongba
* Ersu Shaba
* Emoji
* IConji
* Isotype
* Kaidā
* Míkmaq
* Mixtec
* New Epoch Notation Painting
* Nsibidi
* Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
* Siglas poveiras
* Testerian
* Yerkish
* Zapotec

Logograms

| Chinese family of scripts|

| Chinese Characters|

* Simplified
* Traditional
* Oracle bone script
* Bronze Script
* Seal Script
* large
* small
* bird-worm
* Hanja
* Idu
* Kanji
* Chữ nôm
* Zhuang

|

Chinese-influenced|

* Jurchen
* Khitan large script
* Sui
* Tangut

Cuneiform|

* Akkadian
* Assyrian
* Elamite
* Hittite
* Luwian
* Sumerian

Other logo-syllabic|

* Anatolian
* Bagam
* Cretan
* Isthmian
* Maya
* Proto-Elamite
* Yi (Classical)

Logo-consonantal|

* Demotic
* Hieratic
* Hieroglyphs

Numerals|

* Hindu-Arabic
* Abjad
* Attic (Greek)
* Muisca
* Roman

Semi-syllabaries

| Full|

* Celtiberian
* Northeastern Iberian
* Southeastern Iberian
* Khom

|

Redundant|

* Espanca
* Pahawh Hmong
* Khitan small script
* Southwest Paleohispanic
* Zhuyin fuhao

Somacheirograms

* ASLwrite
* SignWriting
* si5s
* Stokoe Notation

Syllabaries

* Afaka
* Bamum
* Bété
* Byblos
* Canadian Aboriginal
* Cherokee
* Cypriot
* Cypro-Minoan
* Ditema tsa Dinoko
* Eskayan
* Geba
* Great Lakes Algonquian
* Iban
* Japanese
* Hiragana
* Katakana
* Man'yōgana
* Hentaigana
* Sogana
* Jindai moji
* Kikakui
* Kpelle
* Linear B
* Linear Elamite
* Lisu
* Loma
* Nüshu
* Nwagu Aneke script
* Old Persian Cuneiform
* Sumerian
* Vai
* Woleai
* Yi (Modern)
* Yugtun

* v
* t
* e

Braille ⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑

Braille cell|

* 1829 braille
* International uniformity
* ASCII braille
* Unicode braille patterns

Braille scripts|

| French-ordered scripts
(see for more)|

* Albanian
* Amharic
* Arabic
* Armenian
* Azerbaijani
* Belarusian
* Bharati
* Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
* Bengali
* Punjabi
* Sinhala
* Tamil
* Urdu
* etc.
* Bulgarian
* Burmese
* Cambodian
* Cantonese
* Catalan
* Chinese (Mandarin, mainland)
* Czech
* Dutch
* Dzongkha (Bhutanese)
* English (Unified English)
* Esperanto
* Estonian
* Faroese
* French
* Georgian
* German
* Ghanaian
* Greek
* Guarani
* Hawaiian
* Hebrew
* Hungarian
* Icelandic
* Inuktitut (reassigned vowels)
* Iñupiaq
* IPA
* Irish
* Italian
* Kazakh
* Kyrgyz
* Latvian
* Lithuanian
* Maltese
* Mongolian
* Māori
* Navajo
* Nigerian
* Northern Sami
* Persian
* Philippine
* Polish
* Portuguese
* Romanian
* Russian
* Samoan
* Scandinavian
* Slovak
* South African
* Spanish
* Tatar
* Taiwanese Mandarin (largely reassigned)
* Thai & Lao (Japanese vowels)
* Tibetan
* Turkish
* Ukrainian
* Vietnamese
* Welsh
* Yugoslav

|

Reordered scripts|

* Algerian Braille (obsolete)

Frequency-based scripts|

* American Braille (obsolete)

Independent scripts|

* Japanese
* Korean
* Two-Cell Chinese

Eight-dot scripts|

* Luxembourgish
* Kanji
* Gardner–Salinas braille codes (GS8)

Symbols in braille|

* Braille music
* Canadian currency marks
* Computer Braille Code
* Gardner–Salinas braille codes (science; GS8/GS6)
* International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
* Nemeth braille code

Braille technology|

* Braille e-book
* Braille embosser
* Braille translator
* Braille watch
* Mountbatten Brailler
* Optical braille recognition
* Perforation
* Perkins Brailler
* Refreshable braille display
* Slate and stylus
* Braigo

Persons|

* Louis Braille
* Charles Barbier
* Valentin Haüy
* Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
* Sabriye Tenberken
* William Bell Wait

Organisations|

* Braille Institute of America
* Braille Without Borders
* Japan Braille Library
* National Braille Association
* Blindness organizations
* Schools for the blind
* American Printing House for the Blind

Other tactile alphabets|

* Decapoint
* Moon type
* New York Point
* Night writing
* Vibratese

Related topics|

* Accessible publishing
* Braille literacy
* RoboBraille

* v
* t
* e

Electronic writing systems

* Emoticons
* Emoji
* iConji
* Leet
* Unicode

* v
* t
* e

Internet slang dialects

* 3arabizi
* Alay (Indonesia)
* Denglisch
* Doge
* DoggoLingo
* Fingilish (Persian)
* Greeklish
* Gyaru-moji (Japan)
* Jejemon (Philippines)
* Leet ("1337")
* Lolspeak / LOLspeak / Kitteh
* Martian language (Chinese)
* Miguxês (Portuguese)
* O RLY?
* Padonkaffsky jargon (Russian)
* Translit
* Volapuk

* See also English internet slang (at Wiktionary)
* SMS language

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