Scunthorpe problem

Short description: Problem caused by profanity filters on the Internet

An example of the Scunthorpe problem in Wikipedia because of a regular expression identifying "cunt" in the username

The Scunthorpe problem is the unintentional blocking of online content by a spam filter, search engine or wordfilter because the text contains a string (or substring) of letters that appear to have an obscene or otherwise unacceptable meaning. Names, abbreviations, and technical terms are most often cited as being affected by the issue.

The problem arises since computers can easily identify strings of text within a document, but interpreting words of this kind requires considerable ability to interpret a wide range of contexts, possibly across many cultures, which is an extremely difficult task. As a result, broad blocking rules may result in false positives affecting many innocent phrases.

## Contents

* 1 Etymology and origin
* 2 Workarounds
* 3 Other examples
* 3.1 Refused web domain names and account registrations
* 3.2 Blocked web searches
* 3.3 Blocked emails
* 3.4 Blocked for words with multiple meanings
* 3.5 Video games
* 3.6 Other
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Etymology and origin

The problem was named after an incident in April 1996 in which AOL's profanity filter prevented people in the English town of Scunthorpe from creating AOL accounts because the town's name contains the substring "cunt".[1] In the early 2000s, Google's opt-in SafeSearch made the same error, with local services and businesses that included the town in their names or URLs among those mistakenly hidden from search results.[2]

## Workarounds

The Scunthorpe problem is challenging to completely solve due to the difficulty of creating a filter capable of understanding words in context.[3][4]

One solution involves creating a whitelist of known false positives. Any word appearing on the whitelist can be ignored by the filter, even though it contains text that would otherwise not be allowed.[5]

## Other examples

Template:Excessive examples Mistaken decisions by obscenity filters include:

### Refused web domain names and account registrations

* In April 1998, Jeff Gold attempted to register the domain name shitakemushrooms.com, but due to the substring shit, he was blocked by an InterNIC filter prohibiting the "seven dirty words".[6] (Shiitake, also commonly spelled shitake, is the Japanese name for the edible fungus Lentinula edodes.)
* In 2000, a Canadian television news story on web filtering software found that the website for the Montreal Urban Community (French: Communauté Urbaine de Montréal) was entirely blocked because its domain name was its French acronym CUM (www.cum.qc.ca);[7] "cum" (among other meanings) is an English-language vulgar slang term for semen.
* In February 2004 in Scotland, Craig Cockburn reported that he was unable to use his surname (pronounced "Coburn", IPA: /ˈkoʊbərn/) with Hotmail because it contains the substring cock, a slang word for the penis. Separately, he had problems with his workplace email because his job title, software specialist, contained the substring Cialis, an erectile dysfunction medication commonly mentioned in spam e-mails. Hotmail initially told him to spell his name C0ckburn (with a zero instead of the letter "o") but later reversed the ban.[8] In 2010, he had a similar problem registering on the BBC website, where again the first four characters of his surname caused a problem for the content filter.[9]
* In February 2006, Linda Callahan was initially prevented from registering her name with Yahoo! as an e-mail address as it contained the substring Allah. Yahoo! later reversed the ban.[10]
* In July 2008, Herman I. Libshitz was unable to register an e-mail address containing his name with Verizon because his surname contained the substring shit, and Verizon initially rejected his request for an exception. In a subsequent statement, a Verizon spokeswoman apologised for not approving his desired e-mail address.[11]

### Blocked web searches

* In the months leading up to January 1996, some web searches for Super Bowl XXX were being filtered, because the Roman numeral for the game is also used to identify pornography.[12]
* Gareth Roelofse, the web designer for RomansInSussex.co.uk, noted in 2004: "We found many library Net stations, school networks and Internet cafes block sites with the word 'sex' in the domain name. This was a challenge for RomansInSussex.co.uk because its target audience is school children."[2]
* In German, a linking letter is used in compound words to represent the genitive case of the first of two linked words. For example, in Geburtstag, which means birthday, the compound is built up by connecting the phrase "der Geburt Tag", adding a linking s in between. In case the second word starts with ex-, this way of compounding long words results in the substring sex, which is said to be triggering search engine block filter lists, famously so in the word Staatsexamen.[13]
* In 2008, the filter of the free wireless service of the town of Whakatāne in New Zealand blocked searches involving the town's own name because the filter's phonetic analysis deemed the "whak" to sound like fuck; the town name is in Māori, and in the Māori language, "wh" is most commonly pronounced /f/. The town subsequently put the town name on the filter's whitelist.[14]
* In July 2011, web searches in China on the name Jiang were blocked following claims on the Weibo microblogging site that former Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Jiang Zemin had died. Since the word "Jiang" meaning "river" is written with the same Chinese character (江), searches related to rivers including the Yangtze (Cháng Jiāng) produced the message: "According to the relevant laws, regulations and policies, the results of this search cannot be displayed."[15]
* In February 2018, web searches on Google's shopping platform were blocked for items such as glue guns, Guns N' Roses, and Burgundy wine after Google hastily patched its search system after it displayed results for weapons and accessories that violated Google's stated policies.[16]

### Blocked emails

* In 2001, Yahoo! Mail introduced an email filter which automatically replaced JavaScript-related strings with alternative versions, to prevent the possibility of cross-site scripting in HTML email. The filter would hyphenate the terms "JavaScript", "JScript", "VBScript" and "LiveScript"; and replaced "eval", "mocha" and "expression" with the similar but not quite synonymous terms "review", "espresso" and "statement", respectively. Assumptions were involved in the writing of the filters: no attempts were made to limit these string replacements to script sections and attributes, or to respect word boundaries, in case this would leave some loopholes open. This resulted in such errors as medireview in place of medieval.[17][18][19]
* In February 2003, Members of Parliament at the British House of Commons found that a new spam filter was blocking emails containing references to the Sexual Offences Bill then under debate, as well as some messages relating to a Liberal Democrat consultation paper on censorship.[20] It also blocked emails sent in Welsh because it did not recognise the language.[21]
* In October 2004, it was reported that the Horniman Museum in London was failing to receive some of its email because filters mistakenly treated its name as a version of the words horny man.[22]

### Blocked for words with multiple meanings

* In October 2004, e-mails advertising the pantomime Dick Whittington sent to schools in the UK were blocked by school computers because of the use of the name Dick, sometimes used as slang for penis.[23]
* In May 2006, a man in Manchester in the UK found that e-mails he wrote to his local council to complain about a planning application had been blocked as they contained the word erection when referring to a structure.[24]
* Blocked e-mails and web searches relating to The Beaver, a magazine based in Winnipeg, caused the publisher to change its name to Canada's History in 2010, after 89 years of publication.[25][26] Publisher Deborah Morrison commented: "Back in 1920, The Beaver was a perfectly appropriate name. And while its other meaning [vulva] is nothing new, its ambiguity began to pose a whole new challenge with the advance of the Internet. The name became an impediment to our growth".[27]
* In June 2010, Twitter blocked a user from Luxembourg 29 minutes after he had opened his account and posted his first tweet. The tweet read: "Finally! A pair of great tits (Parus major) has moved into my birdhouse!" Despite including the Latin name to point out that the tweet was about birds, any attempts to unblock the account were in vain.[28]
* In 2011, a councillor in Dudley found an email flagged for profanity by his council's security software after mentioning the Black Country dish faggots (a type of meatball, but also a pejorative term for gay men).[29] Likewise, in November 2013, Facebook temporarily blocked British users for using the word faggot in reference to the traditional dish of the same name.[30]
* Residents of Penistone in South Yorkshire have had e-mails blocked because the town's name includes the substring penis.[31]
* Residents of Clitheroe (Lancashire, England) have been repeatedly inconvenienced because their town's name includes the substring clit, which is short for "clitoris".[32]
* Résumés containing references to graduating with Latin honors such as cum laude, magna cum laude, and summa cum laude have been blocked by spam filters because of inclusion of the word cum, which is Latin for 'with' (in this usage), but is sometimes used as slang for semen or ejaculation in English usage.[33]
* The flagged commentA Reddit moderator alleged in March 2025 that the platform's automatic moderation system has been flagging posts that mentioned the name "Luigi". The moderator, who noted it flagging a post about the video game Luigi's Mansion 3, believed it to be part of Reddit's "automod" feature for forums with few active human moderators, and the software regarded "Luigi" as being among words which "could – but don't necessarily – indicate violating content" in reference to Luigi Mangione, the suspect in the assassination of United Healthcare CEO Brian Thompson.[34]

### Video games

* In 2008, Microsoft confirmed that its policy to prevent the use of words relating to sexual orientation had meant that Richard Gaywood's name was deemed offensive and could not be used in his "gamertag" or in the "Real Name" field of his bio.[35]
* In 2010, Microsoft banned an Xbox Live player named Josh Moore for stating he lived in Fort Gay, West Virginia, mistakenly deeming his profile offensive. Although he tried to clarify the situation, Xbox initially upheld the decision and warned of a possible permanent ban. The suspension lasted several days, causing him to miss a Software:Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 Search and Destroy tournament.[36][37] It took an appeal from Mayor David Thompson and media coverage for the issue to finally be corrected.[38]
* In 2011, the release of Pokémon Black and White introduced Cofagrigus, which could not be traded online to other players without a nickname because its species name contained the substring fag. The system has since been updated to allow players to trade it without nicknames. The same problem occurred with Nosepass, Probopass and Froslass due to their inclusion of the substring ass.[39]
* In January 2014, files used in the online game League of Legends were reportedly blocked by some UK Internet service provider filters due to the names "VarusExpirationTimer.luaobj" and "XerathMageChainsExtended.luaobj", which contain the substring sex. This was later corrected.[40]

### Other

"Tyson Homosexual" redirects here. For the sprinter, see Tyson Gay.

* In June 2008, the news site OneNewsNow, run by the anti-LGBTQ lobby group American Family Association, replaced instances of "gay" in an Associated Press article on sprinter Tyson Gay with "homosexual", rendering his name "Tyson Homosexual".[41][42] This same function had previously changed the name of basketball player Rudy Gay to "Rudy Homosexual".[43]
* Similarly, in 2015, on the 70th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, the Observer Chronicle referred to the Enola Gay as the "Enola Homosexual".[44][45] In March 2025, the United States Department of Defense also erroneously removed references to the Enola Gay as part of a purge of diversity, equity and inclusion content ordered by Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth.[46]
* In 2013, file transfers named for the Swedish city of Falun caused web connection outages at Diakrit, a firm based in China. Diakrit resolved the issue by renaming the files. Fredrik Bergman of Diakrit believes that the file names triggered the Great Firewall's censors used to block discussion of Falun Gong, a banned religious movement founded in China.[47]
* In May 2018, the website of the grocery store Publix would not allow a cake to be ordered containing the Latin phrase summa cum laude. The customer attempted to rectify the problem by including special instructions, but still ended up with a cake reading "Summa 
 Laude".[48][49][50]
* In May 2020, despite extensive media scrutiny, some hashtags directly referring to British political advisor Dominic Cummings were unable to trend on Twitter because the substring cum triggered an anti-porn filter.[51]
* In October 2020, a paleontology conference's virtual meeting platform blocked various words including "bone", "pubic", and "stream".[52]
* In January 2021, Facebook apologised for muting and banning users after it had erroneously flagged the Devon landmark Plymouth Hoe as misogynistic.[53]
* In April 2021, the official Facebook page for the French Commune of Bitche was taken down. In response, commune officials created a new page referencing instead the postal code, Mairie 57230. Facebook later apologised and restored the original page. As a precaution, the officials of Rohrbach-lès-Bitche renamed their Facebook page Ville de Rohrbach.[54][55]
* The word or string "ass" may be replaced by "butt", resulting in "clbuttic" for "classic", "buttignment" for "assignment", and "buttbuttinate" for "assassinate".[56] Saying something was a "clbuttic mistake" - a filter block of "ass" in "classic mistake" - is used online to humorously point out instances of the Scunthorpe problem happening.[57]

## See also

* Cupertino effect - Software bug in a spell checker
* Predictive text - Input technology for mobile phone keypads
* Social:Rebracketing - Process in historical linguistics
* String substitution \- Process of replacing substrings within a better one
* Social:Wordfilter

## References

1. ↑ Clive Feather (25 April 1996). Peter G. Neumann. ed. "AOL censors British town's name!". The Risks Digest 18 (7). http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/18.07.html#subj3.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 McCullagh, Declan (23 April 2004). "Google's chastity belt too tight". CNET. https://www.cnet.com/news/googles-chastity-belt-too-tight/.
3. ↑ Oberhaus, Daniel (29 August 2018). "Life on the Internet Is Hard When Your Last Name is 'Butts'" (in en). https://www.vice.com/en/article/life-on-the-internet-is-hard-when-your-last-name-is-butts/.
4. ↑ Gellis, Cathy (31 August 2018). "The Scunthorpe Problem, And Why AI Is Not A Silver Bullet For Moderating Platform Content At Scale". https://www.techdirt.com/2018/08/31/scunthorpe-problem-why-ai-is-not-silver-bullet-moderating-platform-content-scale/.
5. ↑ Veale, Tony (2021). Your Wit Is My Command: Building AIs with a Sense of Humor. MIT Press. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-262-04599-5. OCLC 1221016857. https://books.google.com/books?id=toY8EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA231.
6. ↑ Festa, Paul (27 April 1998). "Food domain found "obscene"". CNET. https://www.cnet.com/news/food-domain-found-obscene/.
7. ↑ "Foire aux questions". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.radio-canada.ca/branche/v6/faq.html.
8. ↑ Barker, Garry (26 February 2004). "How Mr C0ckburn fought spam". The Sydney Morning Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/national/how-mr-c0ckburn-fought-spam-20040226-gdifik.html.
9. ↑ Cockburn, Craig (9 March 2010). "BBC fail – my correct name is not permitted". https://blog.siliconglen.scot/2010/03/bbc-fail-my-correct-name-is-not.html.
10. ↑ "Is Yahoo Banning Allah?". Kallahar's Place. http://kallahar.com/stories/2005-Yahoo/yahoo.php.
11. ↑ Rubin, Daniel. "When your name gets turned against you". The Philadelphia Inquirer. http://www.philly.com/philly/hp/news_update/26089374.html.
12. ↑ "E-Rate And Filtering: A Review Of The Children's Internet Protection Act". Congressional Hearings. General. Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet. 4 April 2001.
13. ↑ "Zum Online-Banking geht es ins Internetcafé". https://www.nordbayern.de/wirtschaft/zum-online-banking-geht-es-ins-internetcafe-1.969593.
14. ↑ "F-Word Town's Name Gets Censored By Internet Filter". http://www.switched.com/2008/08/01/town-censors-its-name/.
15. ↑ Chin, Josh (6 July 2011). "Following Jiang Death Rumors, China's Rivers Go Missing". The Wall Street Journal. https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/07/06/following-jiang-death-rumors-chinas-rivers-go-missing/.
16. ↑ Molloy, Mark (27 February 2018). "Wine lovers cannot buy Burgundy tipple on Google as internet giant cracks down on 'gun' searches". The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/27/wine-lovers-cannot-buy-burgundy-tipple-google-internet-giant.
17. ↑ "Yahoo admits mangling e-mail". BBC News. 19 July 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2138014.stm.
18. ↑ "Hard news". Need To Know 2002-07-12. 12 July 2002. http://www.ntk.net/2002/07/12/#HARD_NEWS.
19. ↑ Knight, Will (15 July 2002). "Email security filter spawns new words". New Scientist. https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2546-email-security-filter-spawns-new-words.html.
20. ↑ "E-mail vetting blocks MPs' sex debate". BBC News. 4 February 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_politics/2723851.stm.
21. ↑ "Software blocks MPs' Welsh e-mail". BBC News. 5 February 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/2727133.stm.
22. ↑ Kwintner, Adrian (5 October 2004). "Name of museum is confused with porn". News Shopper. http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/533121.Name_of_museum_is_confused_with_porn/.
23. ↑ Jones, Sam (13 October 2004). "Panto email falls foul of filth filter". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/oct/14/schools.primaryeducation.
24. ↑ "E-mail filter blocks 'erection'". 30 May 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/manchester/5031156.stm.
25. ↑ "The Beaver mag renamed to end porn mix-up". The Sydney Morning Herald. Agence France-Presse. 13 January 2010. https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/the-beaver-mag-renamed-to-end-porn-mix-up-20100113-gdtun9.html.
26. ↑ Austen, Ian (24 January 2010). "Web Filters Cause Name Change for a Magazine". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/25/business/media/25history.html.
27. ↑ Sheerin, Jude (29 March 2010). "How spam filters dictated Canadian magazine's fate". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8528672.stm.
28. ↑ "Luxemburger Twitter-Neubenutzer nach 29 Minuten blockiert." (in German). Tageblatt. 22 June 2010. http://www.tageblatt.lu/headlines/luxemburger-twitter-neubenutzer-nach-29-minuten-blockiert/.
29. ↑ "Black Country Councillor Caught up in Faggots Farce". Birmingham Mail. 24 February 2011. https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/local-news/black-country-councillor-caught-up-149100.
30. ↑ "Faggots and peas fall foul of Facebook censors". Express & Star. 1 November 2013. https://www.expressandstar.com/news/2013/11/01/faggots-and-peas-fall-foul-of-facebook-censors/.
31. ↑ Tom Chatfield (17 April 2013). "The 10 best words the internet has given English". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/apr/17/tom-chatfield-top-10-internet-neologisms.
32. ↑ Keyes, Ralph (2010). Unmentionables: From Family Jewels to Friendly Fire – What We Say Instead of What We Mean. John Murray. ISBN 978-1-84854-456-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=3yj_IdO1zPEC&pg=PT15.
33. ↑ Maher, Kris. "Don't Let Spam Filters Snatch Your Resume". Career Journal. http://www.collegejournal.com/jobhunting/resumeadvice/20040426-maher.html.
34. ↑ Sato, Mia (7 March 2025). "A Reddit moderation tool is flagging 'Luigi' as potentially violent content". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/news/626139/reddit-luigi-mangione-automod-tool.
35. ↑ "Microsoft Confirms "Gaywood" Is An Offensive Surname, Mr. Gaywood Responds". 22 May 2008. http://consumerist.com/2008/05/22/microsoft-confirms-gaywood-is-an-offensive-surname-mr-gaywood-responds/.
36. ↑ "Xbox apologises over 'gay' suspension" (in en-GB). BBC News. 10 September 2010. https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-11258407.
37. ↑ "Town's name confuses Xbox" (in en). 9 September 2010. https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2010/sep/09/towns-name-confuses-xbox/.
38. ↑ Whitworth, Dan (10 September 2010). "Xbox apologises over 'gay' suspension" (in en-GB). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-11258407.
39. ↑ Keating, Lauren (17 February 2016). "These Are The Words Nintendo Censors From Appearing On The 3DS". Tech Times. https://www.techtimes.com/articles/134442/20160217/words-nintendo-censors-appearing-3ds.htm.
40. ↑ Gibbs, Samuel (21 January 2014). "UK porn filter blocks game update that contained 'sex'". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jan/21/uk-porn-filter-blocks-game-update-that-contained-sex.
41. ↑ Frauenfelder, Mark (30 June 2008). "Homophobic news site changes athlete Tyson Gay to Tyson Homosexual". http://boingboing.net/2008/06/30/homophobic-news-site.html.
42. ↑ Arthur, Charles (30 June 2008). "Computer autocorrects surname 'gay' to.. no, you guess". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2008/jun/30/computerautocorrectssurname.
43. ↑ Mantyla, Kyle (30 June 2008). "The Dangers of Auto-Replace". People for the American Way. https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/the-dangers-of-auto-replace/.
44. ↑ Williams, Joe (6 August 2015). "US newspaper claims Hiroshima bombing caused by 'homosexual' plane". PinkNews. https://www.thepinknews.com/2015/08/06/us-newspaper-claims-hiroshima-bombing-caused-by-homosexual-plane/.
45. ↑ "Hiroshima Atomic Bombing 70th Anniversary Marked with Solemn Ceremony, Calls for Nuclear Disarmament". Observer Chronicle. 6 August 2015. https://www.observerchronicle.com/politics/hiroshima-atomic-bombing-70th-anniversary-marked-with-solemn-ceremony-calls-for-nuclear-disarmament/45300/.
46. ↑ "War heroes and military firsts are among 26,000 images flagged for removal in Pentagon's DEI purge". 7 March 2025. https://apnews.com/article/dei-purge-images-pentagon-diversity-women-black-8efcfaec909954f4a24bad0d49c78074.
47. ↑ Mozur, Paul; Tejada, Carlos (13 February 2013). "China's 'Wall' Hits Business". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323926104578277511385052752.html.
48. ↑ Ferguson, Amber (22 May 2018). "Proud mom orders 'Summa Cum Laude' cake online. Publix censors it: Summa … Laude.". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/05/22/proud-mom-orders-summa-cum-laude-cake-online-publix-censors-it-to-summa-laude/.
49. ↑ Amatulli, Jenna (22 May 2018). "Publix Censors Teen's 'Summa Cum Laude' Graduation Cake". The Huffington Post. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/publix-censors-teens-summa-cum-laude-graduation-cake_n_5b042efbe4b003dc7e46a54a.
50. ↑ "Carolyn Cooper | Latin cum mistaken for semen" (in en). 2018-05-27. https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/commentary/20180527/carolyn-cooper-latin-cum-mistaken-semen.
51. ↑ Hern, Alex (27 May 2020). "Anti-porn filters stop Dominic Cummings trending on Twitter". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/may/27/anti-porn-filters-stop-dominic-cummings-trending-on-twitter.
52. ↑ Ferreira, Becky (15 October 2020). "A Profanity Filter Banned the Word 'bone' at a Paleontology Conference". Motherboard. https://www.vice.com/en/article/a-profanity-filter-banned-the-word-bone-at-a-paleontology-conference/.
53. ↑ Morris, Steven (27 January 2021). "Facebook apologises for flagging Plymouth Hoe as offensive term". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jan/27/facebook-apologises-flagging-plymouth-hoe-offensive-term.
54. ↑ Kempf, Cédric (12 April 2021). "Insolite : Bitche est censuré par Facebook" (in fr). https://www.radiomelodie.com/actu/15194-insolite-bitche-est-censure-par-facebook.html.
55. ↑ Darmanin, Jules (13 April 2021). "Facebook takes down official page for French town of Bitche". https://www.politico.eu/article/facebook-unpublishes-official-page-for-french-town-of-bitche/.
56. ↑ Moore, Matthew (2 September 2008). "The Clbuttic Mistake: When obscenity filters go wrong". The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/2667634/The-Clbuttic-Mistake-When-obscenity-filters-go-wrong.html.
57. ↑ Dengsø, Christopher (19 July 2023). "The Clbuttic Mistake: A Thing Of The Past?" (in en). https://moderationapi.com/blog/the-clbuttic-mistake/.

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