Semigallian language

Short description: Extinct Baltic language of Semigallia

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Semigallian

Zemgalian
Native to| Latvia and Lithuania
Extinct| 16th century

Language family

Indo-European

* Balto-Slavic
* East Baltic
* Semigallian

Language codes
ISO 639-3| `xzm`

Linguist List

| `xzm`
Glottolog| `zemg1234` Zemgalian[1]
Distribution of the Baltic tribes, c. 1200 CE (boundaries are approximate)

Semigallian, also known as Zemgalian, was an East Baltic language of the Baltic language sub-family of the Indo-European languages.

## History

It was spoken in the northern part of Lithuania and southern regions of Latvia in what is known as Semigallia. It is thought that it was extinct by the 16th century, with the assimilation by the Latvians[2] and Lithuanians. Semigallian is known only from references to it in documents and texts from before the 16th century.

## Phonology

Semigallian shares some phonological similarities to Curonian and, to a lesser extent, Latvian. The Common Baltic /k/, /ɡ/ consonants became /c/, /d͡z/ in their soft varieties in Semigalian. All long vowels and diphthongs at the end of the word in Common Baltic were reduced to simple short vowels in Semigallian.[3]

## References

1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Zemgalian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/zemg1234.
2. ↑ "Zemgalian : Encyclopedia of the Languages of Europe : Blackwell Reference Online". http://www.blackwellreference.com/public/tocnode?id=g9780631220398_chunk_g978063122039831_ss1-2.
3. ↑ Babaev, Cyril. "Semigalian language". http://tied.verbix.com/tree/balt/semigalian.html.

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Baltic languages

* Curonian
* Galindian
* Latgalian
* Latvian
* Lithuanian
* Old Prussian
* Samogitian
* Selonian
* Semigallian
* Sudovian (Yotvingian)

Italics indicate extinct languages

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