Serbi–Mongolic languages

Short description: Proposed language family

Serbi–Mongolic

Xianbei–Mongolic
Mongolic–Khitan
(tentative)
Geographic
distribution| Mongolia, northern China, Lake Baikal region
Linguistic classification| proposed language family
Subdivisions|

* Mongolic
* Para-Mongolic †

Glottolog| mong1349[1]

Serbi–Mongolic[note 1] is a proposed group of languages that includes the Mongolic languages as well as the Para-Mongolic languages, a proposed extinct sister branch of the Mongolic languages.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Names
* 2 Languages
* 3 Sound changes
* 4 See also
* 5 Notes
* 6 References
* 7 Sources

## Names

Serbi (*serbi) is Shimunek's reconstruction for the historical ethnonym Xianbei (鮮卑).[2]

In Glottolog 4.4, the languages are referred to as Mongolic–Khitan.[3]

## Languages

Below is a preliminary classification of the Serbi–Mongolic languages in Shimunek (2017:35):[2]

* Serbi–Mongolic
* Mongolic[4][5]
* Central Mongolic languages
* Eastern Central Mongolic
* Khalkha Mongolian
* Khorchin Mongolian
* Chakhar Mongolian
* Oirat
* Kalmyk
* Ordos Mongolian
* Southern Mongolic languages
* Shirongolic
* Mongour
* Dongxiang
* Bonan
* Santa
* Kangjia
* Shira Yugur
* Daur
* Moghol
* Serbi–Awar (= Juha Janhunen's "Para-Mongolic"[6])
* Awar (Avar) (Wuhuan 烏桓 or Wuwan 烏丸)
* Old Serbi (Common Serbi)
* Ch’i-fu/Qifu 乞伏 (northern Early Middle Chinese/NEMC *kʰɨrbuwk)
* Tuan/Duan 段 (NEMC *dɔr̃)
* Tabghach
* Tuyuhun/T’u-yü-hun (Mu-jung/Murong 慕容)
* Kitanic (Yü-wen/Yuwen 宇文)
* Old Kitan
* Qay 奚 (NEMC *ɣay)
* Shirwi proper 室韋 (*širwi/*širβi < *serbi 鮮卑 'Xianbei')

## Sound changes

Phonological innovations from Common Serbi–Mongolic (i.e., Proto-Serbi–Mongolic) to Proto-Mongolic and Proto-Serbi are (Shimunek 2017:415):[2]

Proto-Mongolic innovations | Proto-Serbi innovations

|

*p > *h | *ɔ > *a / _C[dorsal]
*#ñ > *#n | *ze > *ži
*Vñ# > *Vi# | *se > *ši
*z > *s | *VbV > *Vw(V)
*wə > *ə | *wə > *ɔ

## See also

* Xianbei

## Notes

1. ↑ also known as Mongolic–Khitan, Mongolo-Khitanic, Khitano-Mongolic and Macro-Mongolic

## References

1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Mongolic-Khitan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mong1349.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Shimunek, Andrew (2017). Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-10855-3. OCLC 993110372.
3. ↑ Mongolic-Khitan. Glottolog 4.4. Accessed 2021-09-29.
4. ↑ Janhunen (2006:232–233)
5. ↑ Nugteren (2011)
6. ↑ Janhunen, Juha (2003a). "Proto-Mongolic". in Janhunen, Juha. The Mongolic languages. Routledge. ISBN 9780700711338. https://archive.org/details/mongoliclanguage00janh.

## Sources

* Janhunen, Juha (2006). "Mongolic languages". in Brown, K.. The encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 231–234.
* Nugteren, Hans (2011). Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages (Ph.D. thesis). Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke – LOT.

* v
* t
* e

Mongolic languages

Contemporary|

| Central|

* Buryat
* Khamnigan
* Mongolian
* Baarin
* Chakhar
* Khalkha
* Khorchin
* Oirat
* Alasha
* Kalmyk
* Torgut
* Ordos

|

Southern|

* Bonan
* Kangjia
* Santa
* Eastern Yugur
* Monguor

other|

* Dagur
* Moghol

mixed|

* Tangwang
* Wutun

Historical|

* Proto-Mongolic
* Classical Mongolian
* Middle Mongol

Para-Mongolic|

* Khitan
* Tuyuhun

* v
* t
* e

Language families of Eurasia

Europe|

* Indo-European
* Uralic
* Basque
* Iberian
* Tartessian
* Paleo-Corsican
* Paleo-Sardinian
* Camunic
* Elymian
* Ligurian
* North Picene
* Sicani
* Tyrsenian
* Eteocretan
* Eteocypriot
* Minoan

West Asia|

* Afroasiatic
* Hurro-Urartian
* Hattic
* Kassite ?
* Kaskian ?
* Philistine ?
* Sumerian
* Proto-Euphratean ?
* Elamite

Caucasian|

* Kartvelian
* Northeast Caucasian
* Northwest Caucasian

South Asia|

* Indo-European
* Dravidian
* Nihali
* Burushaski
* Kusunda
* Harappan ?

East Asia|

* Austroasiatic
* Sino-Tibetan
* Hmong–Mien
* Kra–Dai
* Austronesian
* Japonic

Indian Ocean rim|

* Great Andamanese
* Ongan
* Kenaboi
* Enggano

North Asia|

| Altaic ?|

* Turkic
* Mongolic
* Tungusic
* Koreanic ?
* Japonic ?

|

"Paleosiberian"|

* Koreanic
* Ainu
* Nivkh
* Chukotko-Kamchatkan
* Yukaghir
* Yeniseian

Other North Asia|

* Uralic
* Ruanruan ?
* Eskimo–Aleut

Proposed groupings|

* Alarodian
* Altaic
* Borean
* Nostratic
* Dené–Caucasian
* Eurasiatic
* Dené–Yeniseian
* Dravido-Korean
* Elamo-Dravidian
* Ibero-Caucasian
* Indo-Hittite
* Indo-Pacific
* Indo-Semitic
* Indo-Uralic
* Pontic
* Karasuk
* Turanian
* Eskimo–Uralic
* Ural–Altaic
* Uralic–Yukaghir
* Uralo-Siberian

| Arunachal|

* Greater Siangic
* Siangic
* Digaro
* Miju
* Hrusish
* Kho-Bwa

|

Southeast Asia|

* Andamanese
* Austric
* Austro-Tai
* Austronesian–Ongan
* East Asian
* Sino-Austronesian

Substrata|

* Atlantic
* Pre-Celtic
* Pre-Germanic
* Pre-Goidelic
* Pre-Greek
* Vasconic
* Pre-Vedic
* Pre-Finno-Ugric

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