Southern Altai language

Short description: Kipchak Turkic language of the Altai Republic, Russia

Southern Altai

Oirot, Oyrot (before 1948)
тÿштÿк алтай тил, tüştük altay til

Southern Altai written in Cyrillic and Latin scripts

Native to| Russia
Region| Altai Republic

Native speakers

| 68,700 (2020)[1]

Language family

Turkic

* Common Turkic
* Kipchak
* Kyrgyz–Kipchak[2][3][4]
* Southern Altai

Writing system

| Cyrillic
Language codes
ISO 639-1| `alt`
ISO 639-3| `alt`
Glottolog| `sout2694`[5]

Southern Altai (also known as Oirot, Oyrot, Altai and Altai proper) is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic, a federal subject of Russia located in Southern Siberia on the border with Mongolia and China . The language has some mutual intelligibility with the Northern Altai language, leading to the two being traditionally considered as a single language. According to modern classifications—at least since the middle of the 20th century—they are considered to be two separate languages.[6]

File:WIKITONGUES- Dmitry speaking Altai.webmA man, named Dmitry, speaking Southern Altai.

Written Altai is based on Southern Altai. According to some reports, however, it is rejected by Northern Altai children. Dialects include Altai Proper and Talangit.[7]

## Contents

* 1 Classification
* 2 Geographic distribution
* 2.1 Dialects
* 3 Phonology
* 3.1 Vowels
* 3.2 Consonants
* 4 Writing system
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Classification

Southern Altai is a member of the Turkic language family. Within this family, there have been various attempts to classify Altai, and not all of them agree as to its position as it has a number of ambiguous characteristics.[8] Due to certain similarities with Kyrgyz, some scholars group Altai with the Kyrgyz–Kipchak subgroup of the Kypchak languages.[2][3][9]

## Geographic distribution

Southern Altai is primarily spoken in the Altai Republic, where it has official status alongside Russian.

### Dialects

Baskakov identifies three dialects of Southern Altai, some of which have distinctive sub-varieties:[2]

* Altai
* Maima (sub-variety)
* Telengit
* Telengit-Teles
* Chui
* Teleut

Some sources consider Telengit and Teleut to be distinct languages.[10][11]

## Phonology

Southern Altai has 8 vowels, which may be long or short, and 20 consonants, plus marginal consonants that occur only in loan words.[12]

### Vowels

Southern Altai vowels  | Front  | Back

|
|

High  | i y | ɯ u
Low  | e ø | a o

### Consonants

Southern Altai consonants  | Labial  | Alveolar  | Post-alveloar  | Velar  | Uvular

|
|
|
|
|

Plosive  | p b | t d | tʃ ɟ | k ɡ | q
Affricate  |  | (ts)  |  |
Fricative  | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | (x)  ɣ
Nasal  | m | n |  | ŋ
Trill  |  | r |  |  |
Approximant  |  | l | j |  |

Phonemes in parentheses occur only in Russian loanwords.

## Writing system

Southern Altai employs a version of the Cyrillic alphabet with additional characters to represent sounds not found in Russian.[13]

А а  | Б б  | В в  | Г г  | Д д  | Ј ј  | Е е

|
|
|
|
|
|

Ё ё  | Ж ж  | З з  | И и  | Й й  | К к  | Л л
М м  | Н н  | Ҥ ҥ  | О о  | Ӧ ӧ  | П п  | Р р
С с  | Т т  | У у  | Ӱ ӱ  | Ф ф  | Х х  | Ц ц
Ч ч  | Ш ш  | Щ щ  | Ъ ъ  | Ы ы  | Ь ь  | Э э

## References

1. ↑ "Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года". Russian Federal State Statistics Service. 2010. https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab6_VPN-2020.xlsx.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Baskakov, N. A. (1958). "La Classification des Dialectes de la Langue Turque d'Altaï" (in fr). Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 8: 9–15. ISSN 0001-6446.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kormushin, I. V. (2018). "Алтайский язык". Большая российская энциклопедия/Great Russian Encyclopedia Online. https://bigenc.ru/linguistics/text/5199785.
4. ↑ Tekin, Tâlat (January 1989). "A New Classification of the Chuvash-Turkic Languages". Erdem 5 (13): 129–139. doi:10.32704/erdem.1989.13.129. ISSN 1010-867X. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/erdem/issue/44535/552413.
5. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Southern Altai". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/sout2694.
6. ↑ Nikolay Baskakov (1958). The Altai language. Moscow: Nauka.
7. ↑ Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
8. ↑ Schönig, Claus (1997). "A new attempt to classify the Turkic languages (1)". Turkic Languages 1: 117–133.
9. ↑ Schönig, Claus (2007). "Some notes on Modern Kipchak Turkic (Part 1)". Ural-altaische Jahrbücher 21: 170–202.
10. ↑ "Telengitsky yazyk | Malye yazyki Rossii". https://minlang.iling-ran.ru/lang/telengitskiy-yazyk.
11. ↑ "Teleutsky yazyk | Malye yazyki Rossii". https://minlang.iling-ran.ru/lang/teleutskiy-yazyk.
12. ↑ Baskakov, N.A. (1997). "Altaysky yazyk". in Institut Jazykoznanija. Tyurkskie yazyki. Jazyki mira / Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Jazykoznanija. [Glav. red. koll.: V. N. Jarceva (otv. red.) ...]. Biškek: Kyrgyzstan. ISBN 978-5-655-01214-1. OCLC 42579926.
13. ↑ Russko-altaysky slovar. Tom 1: A-O. Gorno-Altaysk: Nauchno-issledovatelsky institut altaistiki im. S.S. Surazakova. 2015. ISBN 978-5-903693-23-8.

## External links

* Ethnologue entry for Southern Altai

|  алтай тил edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

|

* v
* t
* e

Turkic languages

Proto-language|

* Proto-Turkic

Common Turkic|

| Arghu|

* Khalaj

|

Karluk|

* Äynu1
* Ili Turki
* Uyghur
* Uzbek
* Extinct
* Middle Turkic
* Khorezmian
* Chagatai

Kipchak|

| Ponto-Caspian|

* Crimean Tatar
* Karachay-Balkar
* Karaim
* Krymchak
* Kumyk
* Urum
* Extinct
* Kipchak
* Cuman

|

Aralo-Caspian|

* Siberian Tatar
* Karakalpak
* Kazakh
* Kyrgyz
* Nogai
* Extinct
* Fergana Kipchak

Uralo-Caspian|

* Bashkir
* Tatar
* Extinct
* Old Tatar

Oghuz|

* Azerbaijani
* Gagauz
* Khorasani Turkic
* Qashqai
* Rumelian Turkish
* Salar
* Turkish
* Turkmen
* Extinct
* Pecheneg2
* Old Anatolian Turkish
* Ottoman Turkish

Siberian|

* Altai
* Chulym
* Dolgan
* Khakas
* Shor
* Tofa
* Tuvan
* Yakut
* Western Yugur2
* Extinct
* Orkhon Turkic
* Old Turkic
* Old Uyghur
* Fuyu Girgis
* Dukhan

Oghur|

* Chuvash
* Extinct
* Khazar2
* Bulgar

* 1 Mixed language.
* 2 Classification disputed.

* v
* t
* e

Languages of Russia

Federal language|

* Russian

State languages of federal subjects|

* Abaza
* Adyghe
* Aghul
* Altai
* Southern Altai
* Avar
* Azerbaijani
* Bashkir
* Buryat
* Chechen
* Chuvash
* Crimean Tatar
* Dargwa
* Erzya
* Ingush
* Kabardian
* Kalmyk
* Karachay-Balkar
* Khakas
* Komi
* Kumyk
* Lak
* Lezgian
* Mari
* Hill
* Meadow
* Moksha
* Nogai
* Ossetian
* Rutul
* Sakha
* Tabasaran
* Tat
* Tatar
* Tsakhur
* Tuvan
* Ukrainian
* Udmurt

Languages with official status|

* Chukchi
* Dolgan
* Even
* Evenki
* Finnish
* Karelian
* Kazakh
* Khanty
* Komi-Permyak
* Mansi
* Nenets
* Selkup
* Veps
* Yukaghir

Scripts|

* Cyrillic
* Cyrillic Braille

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