Southern Daly languages

Short description: Proposed language family

Southern Daly

(generally accepted)
Geographic
distribution| Daly River region, northern Australia
Linguistic classification| Proposed language family
Subdivisions|

* Murrinh-patha
* Ngan’gityemerri

Glottolog| sout2772[1]

The Daly languages (color), among the other non-Pama-Nyungan languages (grey)

Southern Daly languages. Murrinh-patha is on the coast, Ngan’gityemerri in the interior.

The Southern Daly languages are a proposed family of two distantly related Australian aboriginal languages. They are:

* Southern Daly
* Murrinh-patha (Murinbata)
* Ngan’gityemerri (Ngan’gi)

## Contents

* 1 Classification
* 2 Vocabulary
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Classification

Southern Daly is a distant and problematic relationship. Murrinh-Patha was once thought to be an isolate, due to lexical data: It has, at most, an 11-percent shared vocabulary with any other language against which it has been compared.[2] However, Murrinh-patha and Ngan’gityemerri correspond closely in their verbal inflections. Green (2003) makes a case that the formal correspondences in core morphological sequences of their finite verbs are too similar (in their complexities and their irregularities) to have come about through anything other than a shared genetic legacy from a common parent language.[3] Nonetheless, lexically they have almost nothing in common, other than cognates in their words for 'thou' (nhinhi and nyinyi) and 'this' (kanhi and kinyi),[4] and it is not clear what could explain this discrepancy.

## Vocabulary

The following basic vocabulary items are from Tryon (1968).[5]

no. | gloss | Tyemeri | Ngengomeri

|
|
|

1 | head | dæpe | dæpe
2 | hair | wičæ | wuǰa
3 | eyes | dæmoy | damoy
4 | nose | dæši | dæče
5 | ear | dæčære | dæčære
6 | tooth | dædir | dædir
7 | tongue | dæčæn | ŋalŋijiak
8 | shoulder | tamæmbɛr | dada
9 | elbow | mïnmïrpïr | dličiwuwul
10 | hand | dæmæ | dæmæ
11 | breasts | če | čiye
12 | back | dædære | dædære
13 | belly | dægæ | damarde
14 | navel | dæčɛre | dæčɛre
15 | heart | kækulkul | kækulgul
16 | urine | waga | waga
17 | excrete | ŋækïn | nïkïnmœr
18 | thigh | dæbe | dæbe
19 | leg | dagare | dagare
20 | knee | dænïnǰe | dærɛnǰe
21 | foot | dæᵽïr | dæbir
22 | skin | agarᵽure | agaraburo
23 | fat | aleye | adæwe
24 | blood | ᵽæčæn | pučæn
25 | bone | ame | ame
26 | man | yæde | mipuR
27 | woman | ᵽalme | palme
28 | father | ŋača | ŋača
29 | mother | kala | ala
30 | grandmother | mæŋgæ | mæŋgæ
31 | policeman | wamumur | wamɔmɔ
32 | spear | yawul | yawul
33 | woomera | yagama | yagama
34 | boomerang | kuɲuŋuɲ | kuɲuŋuɲ
35 | nullanulla | magulbe | magulbɔ
36 | hair-belt | woyčær | wuǰa
37 | canoe | yænïŋgïǰe | kænægïǰe
38 | axe | bi | bi
39 | dilly bag | waRgaRde | waRguduʔ
40 | fire | yæŋge | yæŋge
41 | smoke | tawan | dawan
42 | water | kure | kurɔ
43 | cloud | wɔ | wɔ
44 | rainbow | aŋemuŋge | aŋamuŋgi
45 | barramundi | ætælmær | awalaŋir
46 | sea | kuruŋgur | kuričæwæ
47 | river | diRpædær | kuripædæR
48 | stone | ᵽæpe | pæpe
49 | ground | ŋičir | ŋičïr
50 | track | mumba | mumba
51 | dust | baᵽun | pabun
52 | sun | mire | mïre
53 | moon | diwin | diwiɳ
54 | star | ŋanimæ | ŋanimær
55 | night | kulče nïmbe | ŋaniŋeye
56 | tomorrow | ŋuɲananïŋge | wadænige
57 | today | dæčaŋe | čawɔrɔ
58 | big | kæRæ | yɛrmïnbade
59 | possum | awuye | awuye
60 | dog | wowo | wowo
61 | tail | akïme | dapuR
62 | meat | kagɔ | kagɔ
63 | snake | æƀæŋgo | abæŋgo
64 | red kangaroo | amače | amače
65 | porcupine | aŋaneƀiɲe | aŋaneƀiɲi
66 | emu | ŋuRp | kɔmɔɛnǰil
67 | crow | awaŋge | awak
68 | goanna | æmængïɲ | mængiɲ
69 | blue tongue lizard | æƀære | æbære
70 | mosquito | aƀuŋe | aƀuŋe
71 | sugar-bag | pïŋgïlǰa | puŋgudluʔ
72 | camp | dædæ | dædær
73 | black | čipma | čipma
74 | white | bwimaŋgare | boymæm
75 | red | ᵽïlᵽïlŋïne | pïlbïlŋïne
76 | one | wokumæ | wuŋguwæ
77 | two | fagare | wagare
78 | when? | æčæ | æčæ
79 | what? | čagane | čagane
80 | who? | kænæ | kænæ
81 | I | ŋaie | ŋaie
82 | you | ɲiɲi | ɲiɲi
83 | he | næm | næm
84 | grass | wurɔ | wuR
85 | vegetable food | meye | miye
86 | tree | yæwɛR | yawuR
87 | leaf | merïŋge | mirïŋge
88 | pandanus | yærïge | yærge
89 | ironwood | mawuɲ | mawuɲ
90 | ripe | mibin | mibin
91 | good | yubɔ | yubɔ
92 | bad | wulæk | wulæk
93 | blind | palakɲim | tarawɔrɔ
94 | deaf | ŋamama | waŋamama
95 | saliva | čarawɔ | čæræwul

## See also

* Daly languages

## References

1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Southern Daly". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/sout2772.
2. ↑ Reid, N.J. Ngan’gityemerri. Unpublished PhD thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, 1990.
3. ↑ Green, I. "The Genetic Status of Murrinh-patha" in Evans, N., ed. "The Non-Pama-Nyungan Languages of Northern Australia: comparative studies of the continent’s most linguistically complex region". Studies in Language Change, 552. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 2003.
4. ↑ Note that Ngan’gityemerri has no nh, and so one would expect it to have ny where its relatives have nh.
5. ↑ Tryon, Darrell T. "The Daly River Languages: A Survey". In Aguas, E.F. and Tryon, D. editors, Papers in Australian Linguistics No. 3. A-14:21-49. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1968. doi:10.15144/PL-A14.21

* Tryon, D. T. (1968). "The Daly River languages: a survey". Papers in Australian Linguistics 3: 21–36.
* Tryon, D. T. (1974). Daly family languages, Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

* v
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Primary language families

Africa|

* Afroasiatic
* Austronesian
* Khoe–Kwadi
* Kx'a
* Niger–Congo
* Nilo-Saharan?
* Tuu
* Mande?
* Songhay?
* Ijaw?
* Ubangian?
* Kadu?

| Isolates|

* Bangime
* Hadza
* Jalaa
* Sandawe
* Laal?
* Shabo?

|

Europe
and Asia|

* Afroasiatic
* Ainu
* Austroasiatic
* Austronesian
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* Yeniseian
* Yukaghir
* Digaro?
* Hrusish?
* Kho-Bwa?
* Miju?
* Siangic?

| Isolates|

* Basque
* Burushaski
* Elamite
* Hattic
* Kusunda
* Nihali
* Sumerian

|

New Guinea
and the Pacific|

* Arai–Samaia
* Austronesian
* Binanderean–Goilalan
* Border
* Bulaka River
* Central Solomons
* Chimbu–Wahgi
* Doso–Turumsa
* East Geelvink Bay
* East New Britain
* East Strickland
* Eleman
* Engan
* Fas
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* Kiwaian
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* Lower Mamberamo
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* Madang
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* Pauwasi
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* Teberan
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* Torricelli
* Trans-Fly
* Trans–New Guinea
* Turama–Kikorian
* Upper Yuat
* West Papuan
* Yam
* Yawa
* Yuat
* Northwest Papuan?
* Papuan Gulf?

| Isolates|

* Abinomn
* Abun
* Anêm?
* Ata?
* Kol
* Kuot
* Maybrat
* Mpur
* Porome
* Taiap?
* Pawaia
* Porome
* Sulka?
* Tambora
* Wiru

|

Australia|

* Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan?
* Bunuban
* Darwin Region?
* Eastern Daly
* Eastern Tasmanian
* Garawan
* Iwaidjan
* Jarrakan
* Marrku–Wurrugu?
* Mirndi
* Northern Tasmanian
* Northeastern Tasmanian
* Nyulnyulan
* Pama–Nyungan
* Southern Daly?
* Tangkic
* Wagaydyic
* Western Daly
* Western Tasmanian
* Worrorran
* Yangmanic (incl. Wagiman)?

| Isolates|

* Giimbiyu
* Malak-Malak (Northern Daly?)
* Tiwi

|

North
America|

* Algic
* Alsea
* Caddoan
* Chimakuan
* Chinookan
* Chumashan
* Comecrudan
* Coosan
* Eskimo–Aleut
* Iroquoian
* Kalapuyan
* Keresan
* Maiduan
* Muskogean
* Na-Dene
* Palaihnihan
* Plateau Penutian
* Pomoan
* Salishan
* Shastan
* Siouan
* Tanoan
* Tsimshianic
* Utian
* Uto-Aztecan
* Wakashan
* Wintuan
* Yukian
* Yuman–Cochimí

| Isolates|

* Chimariko
* Esselen
* Haida
* Karuk
* Kutenai
* Seri
* Siuslaw
* Takelma
* Timucua
* Waikuri
* Washo
* Yana
* Yokuts
* Yuchi
* Zuni

|

Mesoamerica|

* Chibchan
* Jicaquean
* Lencan
* Mayan
* Misumalpan
* Mixe–Zoque
* Oto-Manguean
* Tequistlatecan
* Totonacan
* Uto-Aztecan
* Xincan

| Isolates|

* Cuitlatec
* Huave
* Tarascan/Purépecha

|

South
America|

* Andoque–Urequena
* Arauan
* Araucanian
* Arawakan
* Arutani–Sape
* Aymaran
* Barbacoan
* Boran
* Cahuapanan
* Cariban
* Catacaoan
* Chapacuran
* Charruan
* Chibchan
* Choco
* Chonan
* Guaicuruan
* Guajiboan
* Harákmbut–Katukinan
* Jirajaran
* Jivaroan
* Katembri–Taruma
* Mascoian
* Matacoan
* Nadahup
* Nambikwaran
* Otomákoan
* Pano-Tacanan
* Peba–Yaguan
* Quechuan
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* Timotean
* Tiniguan
* Tucanoan
* Tupian
* Uru–Chipaya
* Witotoan
* Yanomaman
* Zamucoan
* Zaparoan
* Bora–Witoto languages?
* Chimuan?
* Esmeralda–Yaruro?
* Hibito–Cholón?
* Lule–Vilela?
* Macro-Jê?
* Tequiraca–Canichana?

| Isolates
(extant in 2000)|

* Aikanã?
* Alacalufan
* Camsá
* Candoshi
* Chimane
* Chiquitano
* Cofán?
* Fulniô
* Guató
* Hodï/Joti
* Irantxe?
* Itonama
* Kunza
* Leco
* Maku-Auari of Roraima
* Movima
* Mura-Pirahã
* Nukak?
* Puinave
* Huaorani/Waorani
* Trumai
* Urarina
* Warao
* Yamana
* Yuracaré

|

Sign languages|

* Arab
* BANZSL
* Chinese
* Francosign
* Germanosign
* Indo-Pakistani
* Japanese
* Original Thai
* Swedish
* Tanzanian?

| Isolates|

* See list of sign languages

|

See also|

* Language isolates
* Unclassified languages
* Creoles
* Pidgins
* Mixed languages
* Artificial languages

* Families in italics have no living members.
* Families with more than 30 languages are in bold.

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