Symmetric federalism

Short description: Type of federal government

Symmetric federalism refers to a federal system of government in which each constituent state to the federation possess equal powers. In a symmetric federalism no distinction is made between constituent states.[1] This is in contrast to asymmetric federalism, where a distinction is made between constituent states.

## Contents

* 1 Examples
* 1.1 Australia
* 1.2 United States
* 2 References

## Examples

### Australia

Australia is a symmetric federation, as each of the 6 states are given equal levels of autonomy and representation in the Parliament, aside from differences in their representation in the House of Representatives that are due to their different populations.[2] Australia also has territories, which are autonomous divisions with devolved powers, but are subordinate to the federal government and organized in varying ways.

### United States

The United States is a symmetric federation, as each of the 50 states in the Union has the same standing and powers under the United States Constitution. This was affirmed in Coyle v. Smith[3] when the U.S. Supreme Court declared a provision of the Oklahoma Enabling Act which required the State capital be located in Guthrie, Oklahoma until at least 1913, as being unconstitutional. However, the U.S. has a number of insular areas directly under the control of the U.S. federal government, with various degrees of autonomy. The District of Columbia is not an insular area, but it is also directly controlled by the federal government with limited autonomy.

## References

1. ↑ "Symmetric Federalism Law & Legal Definition". USLegal. http://definitions.uslegal.com/s/symmetric-federalism/.
2. ↑ Aroney, N (18 May 2016). "TYPES OF FEDERALISM" (PDF). p. 8. https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=411020126082119117080120121065105118097052073058068005122069115101008116122026118110052050019007045026115087083125114120026074050052035005035015118103075017103000079035085119096088125009112119064065123008027017105124091113029074000108121119065064&EXT=pdf.
3. ↑ "Coyle v. Smith". Cornell Law Journal. https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/221/559.

Template:Constitution of the United States

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Autonomous types of first-tier subdivision administration

Federalism|

* Asymmetric federalism
* Confederation
* Corporative federalism
* Dual federalism
* Ethnic federalism
* Federacy
* Federal monarchy
* Federal republic
* Federated state
* Federation
* Fiscal federalism
* Symmetric federalism

Unitary state|

* Devolution
* Regional state

Unions|

* Composite monarchy
* Continental union
* Dual monarchy
* Dynastic union
* Empire
* Colonial empire
* Multinational state
* Personal union
* Political union
* Real union
* Superstate
* Supranational union

Subordinacy|

* Associated state
* Client state
* Colony
* Dependent territory
* Dominion
* Indirect rule
* Protectorate
* Puppet state
* Satellite state
* Stateless nation
* Tributary state
* Vassal state

Development|

* Annexation
* Cession
* Detachment
* Divided regions
* Empire-building
* Irredentism
* Military occupation
* Partition
* Secession
* Separatism
* Territorial dispute

See also|

* Autonomy
* Autonomous area
* Constituent state
* Decentralization
* Hegemony
* Home rule
* Subsidiarity
* Suzerainty
* Tribal sovereignty

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