Taiwanese Romanization System

Script error: No such module "Infobox multi-lingual name".
Chinese romanization

Mandarin

Standard Chinese

* Hanyu Pinyin (ISO standard)
* EFEO
* Gwoyeu Romatzyh
* Spelling conventions
* Latinxua Sin Wenz
* Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II
* Postal romanization
* Tongyong Pinyin
* Wade–Giles
* Yale romanization
* Lessing-Othmer
* Legge romanization
* Simplified Wade
* Comparison chart

Sichuanese

* Sichuanese Pinyin
* Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz

Common Scheme for all Wu

* Romanization of Wu Chinese

Wenzhounese

* Wenzhounese romanization

Yue

Cantonese

* Jyutping
* Yale romanization
* Guangdong Romanization
* Hong Kong Government
* Macau Government
* Meyer–Wempe
* Sidney Lau
* S. L. Wong (phonetic symbols)
* S. L. Wong (romanization)
* Cantonese Pinyin
* Standard Romanization
* Barnett–Chao
* Comparison chart

Min

Taiwanese, Amoy and related

* Pe̍h-ōe-jī
* Modern Literal Taiwanese
* Phofsit Daibuun
* Habhunwe Latinxua Sin Bhundzi
* Bbánlám pìngyīm
* Daighi tongiong pingim
* TLPA
* Tâi-lô
* Comparison chart

Teochew

* Peng'im

Fuzhounese

* Foochow Romanized
* Fuzhou Transliteration Scheme

Minbei

* Kienning Colloquial Romanized

Putianese

* Hinghwa Romanized

Hainanese

* Hainan Romanized (Haikou dialect)
* Hainanese Transliteration Scheme (Wenchang dialect)

Gan

Chang-Du dialect

* Pinfa
* Pha̍k-oa-chhi

Hakka

Meixian dialect

* Pinfa
* Hagfa Pinyim

Sixian dialect

* Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
* TLPA

Xiang

Chang–Yi dialects

* Pinfa

See also

Other transliterations

* General Chinese
* Cyrillization
* Xiao'erjing
* 'Phags-pa script
* Bopomofo
* Taiwanese kana
* Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
* Mongolian transliteration of Chinese characters
* Manchu transliteration
* Transcription into Chinese

By place

* Romanization in Hong Kong
* Romanization in Singapore
* Romanization in Taiwan

* v
* t
* e

The Taiwanese Romanization System (Taiwanese Romanization: Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn, Chinese: 臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案; pinyin: Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-ôan Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn; often referred to as Tâi-lô) is a transcription system for Taiwanese Hokkien. It is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and since 2006 has been one of the officially promoted phonetic notation system by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.[1] It is nearly identical to Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet (TLPA) Romanization for Hakka apart from using ts tsh j instead of c ch j for the fricatives /ts tsʰ dz/.

Taiwanese Romanization System

## Contents

* 1 Alphabet
* 2 Values
* 2.1 Consonants
* 2.2 Vowels & Rhymes
* 2.3 Tones
* 3 Notes
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Alphabet

Taiwanese Romanization System uses 16 basic Latin letters (A, B, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U), 7 digraphs (Kh, Ng, nn, Oo, Ph, Th, Ts) and a trigraph (Tsh). In addition, it uses 6 diacritics to represent tones.

Capital letter | A | B | E | G | H | I | J | K | Kh | L | M | N | Ng |  | O | Oo | P | Ph | S | T | Th | Ts | Tsh | U

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Lower case | a | b | e | g | h | i | j | k | kh | l | m | n | ng | nn | o | oo | p | ph | s | t | th | ts | tsh | u

* "nn" is only used after a vowel to express nasalization, so it has no capital letter.
* Palatalization occurs when "J, S, Ts, Tsh" followed by "i", so "Ji, Si, Tsi, Tshi" sometimes governed as trigraphs and tetragraphs.
* Of the 10 unused basic Latin letters, "R" is sometimes used to express dialectal vowels, while the others (C, D, F, Q, V, W, X, Y, Z) are only used in loanwords.

## Values

### Consonants

Initials  | Bilabial | Alveolar  | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | Glottal

|
|
|
|
|

Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiced  | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiced  | Voiceless
Nasal  |  | m [m]
ㄇ 毛(moo) |  | n [n]
ㄋ 耐(nāi) |  |  |  | ng [ŋ]
ㄫ 雅(ngá) |
Plosive | Unaspirated  | p [p]
ㄅ 邊(pian)  | b [b]
ㆠ 文(bûn)  | t [t]
ㄉ 地(tē) |  |  |  | k [k]
ㄍ 求(kiû)  | g [g]
ㆣ 語(gí) |
Aspirated  | ph [pʰ]
ㄆ 波(pho) |  | th [tʰ]
ㄊ 他(thann) |  |  |  | kh [kʰ]
ㄎ 去(khì) |  |
Affricate | Unaspirated  |  |  | ts [ts]
ㄗ 曾(tsan)  | j [dz]
ㆡ 熱(jua̍h)  | tsi [tɕ]
ㄐ 尖(tsiam)  | ji [dʑ]
ㆢ 入(ji̍p) |  |  |
Aspirated  |  |  | tsh [tsʰ]
ㄘ 出(tshut) |  | tshi [tɕʰ]
ㄑ 手(tshiú) |  |  |  |
Fricative  |  |  | s [s]
ㄙ 衫(sann) |  | si [ɕ]
ㄒ 寫(siá) |  |  |  | h [h]
ㄏ 喜(hí)
Lateral  |  |  |  | l [l]
ㄌ 柳(liú) |  |  |  |  |
Finals  |  | Bilabial | Alveolar  | Velar | Glottal

|
|
|
|

Nasal consonant  | -m [m]
ㆬ | -n [n]
ㄣ  | -ng [ŋ]
ㆭ |
Stop consonant  | -p [p̚]
ㆴ | -t [t̚]
ㆵ | -k [k̚]
ㆶ | -h [ʔ]

Syllabic consonant  |  | Bilabial | Velar

|
|

Nasal  | m [m̩]
ㆬ 姆(ḿ) | ng [ŋ̍]
ㆭ 酸(sng)

### Vowels & Rhymes

Simple & Nasal  |  | Front | Central | Back

|
|
|

Simple | Nasal | Simple | Simple | Nasal
Close  | i [i]
ㄧ 衣(i)  | inn [ĩ]
ㆪ 圓(înn) |  | u [u]
ㄨ 污(u)  | unn [ũ]
ㆫ 張(tiunn)
Mid  | e [e]
ㆤ 禮(lé)  | enn [ẽ]
ㆥ 生(senn)  | o[ə]
ㄜ 高(ko)  | oo [ɔ]
ㆦ 烏(oo)  | onn [ɔ̃]
ㆧ 翁(onn)
Open  | a [a]
ㄚ 查(tsa)  | ann [ã]
ㆩ 衫(sann) |  |  |
Dialect  | Tâi-lô | IPA | Bopomofo

|
|

ir | [ɨ] | ㆨ
er | [ə] | ㄜ
ee | [ɛ] | ㄝ
ere | [əe] | ㄜㆤ[lower-alpha 1]

* o pronounced [ə] ㄜ in general dialect in Kaohsiung and Tainan, [o] ㄛ in Taipei.
* -nn forms the nasal vowels
* There is also syllabic m and ng.

| Vowel(s) | Open syllabus | Nasal | Plosive

|
|
|

[m] | [n] | [ŋ] | [p̚] | [t̚] | [k̚] | [ʔ]
[a]  | a | ann | am | an | ang | ap | at | ak | ah | annh
[ai]  | ai | ainn |  |  |  |  |  |  | aih | ainnh
[au]  | au |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | auh |
[e]  | e | enn |  |  |  |  |  |  | eh | ennh
[i]  | i | inn | im | in | ing | ip | it | ik | ih | innh
[ia]  | ia | iann | iam | ian | iang | iap | iat | iak | iah | iannh
[iau]  | iau | iaunn |  |  |  |  |  |  | iauh |
[iə]  | io |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ioh |
[iɔ]  |  |  |  |  | iong |  |  | iok |  |
[iu]  | iu | iunn |  |  |  |  |  |  | iuh | iunnh
| Vowel(s) | Open syllabus | Nasal | Plosive

|
|
|

[m] | [n] | [ŋ] | [p̚] | [t̚] | [k̚] | [ʔ]
[ə]  | o |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | oh |
[ɔ]  | oo | onn | om |  | ong | op |  | ok | ooh | onnh
[u]  | u |  |  | un |  |  | ut |  | uh |
[ua]  | ua | uann |  | uan |  |  | uat |  | uah |
[uai]  | uai | uainn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
[ue]  | ue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ueh |
[ui]  | ui |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
[m̩]  | m | － | mh
[ŋ̍]  | ng | － | ngh

* ing pronounced [ɪəŋ], ik pronounced [ɪək̚].

### Tones

Tone No.  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Name  | 陰平 | 上聲 | 陰去 | 陰入 | 陽平 | 陽去 | 陽入
im-pîng | siōng-siann | im-khì | im-ji̍p | iông-pîng | iông-khì | iông-ji̍p
Symbol  | None | Acute | Grave | None (-p, -t, -k, -h) | Circumflex | macron | Vertical line above (-p, -t, -k, -h)
| ´ | ` |  | ˆ | ˉ | ̍
Pitch  | ˥˥ | ˥˩ | ˧˩ | ˧ʔ | ˨˦ | ˧˧ | ˥ʔ
55 | 51 | 31 | 3ʔ | 24 | 33 | 5ʔ
Example  | tong (東) | tóng (黨) | tòng (棟) | tok (督) | tông (同) | tōng (洞) | to̍k (毒)

A hyphen links elements of a compound word. A double hyphen indicates that the following syllable has a neutral tone and therefore that the preceding syllable does not undergo tone sandhi.

Licit syllables[2]

|  | Ø | b | g | h | j | k | kh | l | m  | n | ng | p | ph | s | t | th | ts | tsh |

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

a  | a | ba | ga | ha |  | ka | kha | la | ma | na | nga | pa | pha | sa | ta | tha | tsa | tsha  | a
ah  | ah | bah |  | hah |  | kah | khah | lah |  | nah |  | pah | phah | sah | tah | thah | tsah | tshah  | ah
ai  | ai | bai | gai | hai |  | kai | khai | lai | mai | nai | ngai | pai | phai | sai | tai | thai | tsai | tshai  | ai
ainn  | ainn |  |  | hainn |  | kainn | khainn |  |  |  |  |  | phainn |  | tainn |  | tsainn |  | ainn
ak  | ak | bak | gak | hak |  | kak | khak | lak |  |  |  | pak | phak | sak | tak | thak | tsak | tshak  | ak
am  | am |  | gam | ham |  | kam | kham | lam |  |  |  |  |  | sam | tam | tham | tsam | tsham  | am
an  | an | ban | gan | han |  | kan | khan | lan |  |  |  | pan | phan | san | tan | than | tsan | tshan  | an
ang  | ang | bang | gang | hang |  | kang | khang | lang |  |  |  | pang | phang | sang | tang | thang | tsang | tshang  | ang
ann  | ann |  |  | hann |  | kann | khann |  |  |  |  |  | phann | sann | tann | thann | tsann | tshann  | ann
annh  |  |  |  | hannh |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | sannh |  |  |  |  | annh
ap  | ap |  |  | hap |  | kap | khap | lap |  |  |  |  |  | sap | tap | thap | tsap | tshap  | ap
at  | at | bat |  | hat |  | kat | khat | lat |  |  |  | pat |  | sat | tat | that | tsat | tshat  | at
au  | au | bau | gau | hau |  | kau | khau | lau | mau | nau | ngau | pau | phau | sau | tau | thau | tsau | tshau  | au
auh  |  |  |  |  |  | kauh |  | lauh | mauh | nauh |  |  | phauh |  | tauh |  |  | tshauh  | auh
e  | e | be | ge | he |  | ke | khe | le | me | ne | nge | pe | phe | se | te | the | tse | tshe  | e
eh  | eh | beh |  | heh |  | keh | kheh | leh | meh | neh | ngeh | peh |  | seh | teh | theh | tseh | tsheh  | eh
enn  | enn |  |  | henn |  | kenn | khenn |  |  |  |  | penn | phenn | senn | tenn | thenn | tsenn | tshenn  | enn
ennh  |  |  |  | hennh |  |  | khennh |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ennh
i  | i | bi | gi | hi | ji | ki | khi | li | mi | ni |  | pi | phi | si | ti | thi | tsi | tshi  | i
ia  | ia |  | gia | hia | jia | kia | khia |  | mia | nia | ngia |  |  | sia | tia |  | tsia | tshia  | ia
iah  | iah |  | giah | hiah |  | kiah | khiah | liah |  |  |  | piah | phiah | siah | tiah | thiah | tsiah | tshiah  | iah
iak  |  |  |  |  |  |  | khiak |  |  |  |  | piak | phiak | siak | tiak |  |  | tshiak  | iak
iam  | iam |  | giam | hiam | jiam | kiam | khiam | liam |  |  |  |  |  | siam | tiam | thiam | tsiam | tshiam  | iam
ian  | ian | bian | gian | hian | jian | kian | khian | lian |  |  |  | pian | phian | sian | tian | thian | tsian | tshian  | ian
iang  | iang |  | giang | hiang | jiang |  | khiang | liang |  |  |  | piang | phiang | siang |  |  | tsiang | tshiang  | iang
iann  | iann |  |  | hiann |  | kiann |  |  |  |  |  | piann |  | siann | tiann | thiann | tsiann | tshiann  | iann
iannh  |  |  |  | hiannh |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | iannh
iap  | iap |  | giap | hiap | jiap | kiap | khiap | liap |  |  |  |  |  | siap | tiap | thiap | tsiap | tshiap  | iap
iat  | iat | biat | giat | hiat | jiat | kiat | khiat | liat |  |  |  | piat | phiat | siat | tiat | thiat | tsiat | tshiat  | iat
iau  | iau | biau | giau | hiau | jiau | kiau | khiau | liau | miau | niau | ngiau | piau | phiau | siau | tiau | thiau | tsiau | tshiau  | iau
iauh  |  |  |  | hiauh |  |  | khiauh |  |  |  | ngiauh |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | iauh
iaunn  | iaunn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | iaunn
ih  |  | bih |  |  |  |  | khih |  | mih | nih |  | pih | phih | sih | tih | thih | tsih | tshih  | ih
ik  | ik | bik | gik | hik |  | kik |  | lik |  |  |  | pik | phik | sik | tik | thik | tsik | tshik  | ik
im  | im |  | gim | him | jim | kim | khim | lim |  |  |  |  |  | sim | tim | thim | tsim | tshim  | im
in  | in | bin | gin | hin | jin | kin | khin | lin |  |  |  | pin | phin | sin | tin | thin | tsin | tshin  | in
ing  | ing |  | ging | hing |  | king | khing | ling |  |  |  | ping | phing | sing | ting | thing | tsing | tshing  | ing
inn  | inn |  |  | hinn |  | kinn | khinn |  |  |  |  |  |  | sinn | tinn | thinn | tsinn | tshinn  | inn
io  | io | bio | gio | hio | jio | kio | khio | lio |  |  |  | pio | phio | sio | tio | thio | tsio | tshio  | io
ioh  | ioh |  | gioh | hioh |  | kioh | khioh | lioh |  |  |  |  |  | sioh | tioh |  | tsioh | tshioh  | ioh
iok  | iok |  | giok | hiok | jiok | kiok | khiok | liok |  |  |  |  |  | siok | tiok | thiok | tsiok | tshiok  | iok
iong  | iong |  | giong | hiong | jiong | kiong | khiong | liong |  |  |  |  |  | siong | tiong | thiong | tsiong | tshiong  | iong
ip  | ip |  |  | hip | jip | kip | khip | lip |  |  |  |  |  | sip |  |  | tsip | tship  | ip
it  | it | bit |  | hit | jit | kit | khit |  |  |  |  | pit | phit | sit | tit |  | tsit | tshit  | it
iu  | iu | biu | giu | hiu | jiu | kiu | khiu | liu |  | niu |  | piu |  | siu | tiu | thiu | tsiu | tshiu  | iu
iunn  | iunn |  |  | hiunn |  | kiunn | khiunn |  |  |  |  |  |  | siunn | tiunn |  | tsiunn | tshiunn  | iunn
iunnh  | iunnh |  |  | hiunnh |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | iunnh
m  | m |  |  | hm |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | m
mh  |  |  |  | hmh |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | mh
ng  | ng |  |  | hng |  | kng | khng |  | mng | nng |  | png |  | sng | tng | thng | tsng | tshng  | ng
ngh  |  |  |  | hngh |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | phngh | sngh |  |  |  | tshngh  | ngh
o  | o | bo | go | ho |  | ko | kho | lo |  |  |  | po | pho | so | to | tho | tso | tsho  | o
oh  | oh |  |  | hoh |  | koh |  | loh |  |  |  | poh | phoh | soh | toh | thoh | tsoh | tshoh  | oh
ok  | ok | bok | gok | hok |  | kok | khok | lok |  |  |  | pok | phok | sok | tok | thok | tsok | tshok  | ok
om  | om |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | som | tom |  |  |  | om
ong  | ong | bong | gong | hong |  | kong | khong | long |  |  |  | pong | phong | song | tong | thong | tsong | tshong  | ong
onn  | onn |  |  | honn |  | konn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | onn
onnh  | onnh |  |  | honnh |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | onnh
oo  | oo | boo | goo | hoo |  | koo | khoo | loo | moo | noo | ngoo | poo | phoo | soo | too | thoo | tsoo | tshoo  | oo
ooh  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | mooh |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ooh
u  | u | bu | gu | hu | ju | ku | khu | lu |  |  |  | pu | phu | su | tu | thu | tsu | tshu  | u
ua  | ua | bua | gua | hua |  | kua | khua | lua | mua | nua |  | pua | phua | sua | tua | thua | tsua | tshua  | ua
uah  | uah | buah |  | huah | juah | kuah | khuah | luah |  |  |  | puah | phuah | suah |  | thuah | tsuah | tshuah  | uah
uai  | uai |  |  | huai |  | kuai | khuai |  |  |  |  |  |  | suai |  |  |  |  | uai
uainn  | uainn |  |  | huainn |  | kuainn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | suainn |  |  | tsuainn |  | uainn
uan  | uan | buan | guan | huan |  | kuan | khuan | luan |  |  |  | puan | phuan | suan | tuan | thuan | tsuan | tshuan  | uan
uang  | uang |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tshuang  | uang
uann  | uann |  |  | huann |  | kuann | khuann |  |  |  |  | puann | phuann | suann | tuann | thuann |  | tshuann  | uann
uat  | uat | buat | guat | huat |  | kuat | khuat | luat |  |  |  | puat | phuat | suat | tuat | thuat | tsuat |  | uat
ue  | ue | bue | gue | hue | jue | kue | khue | lue |  |  |  | pue | phue | sue | tue |  | tsue | tshue  | ue
ueh  | ueh | bueh | gueh | hueh |  | kueh | khueh |  |  |  |  | pueh | phueh | sueh |  |  |  |  | ueh
uh  | uh |  |  |  |  |  | khuh |  |  |  |  | puh | phuh |  | tuh | thuh | tsuh | tshuh  | uh
ui  | ui | bui | gui | hui |  | kui | khui | lui | mui |  |  | pui | phui | sui | tui | thui | tsui | tshui  | ui
un  | un | bun | gun | hun | jun | kun | khun | lun |  |  |  | pun | phun | sun | tun | thun | tsun | tshun  | un
ut  | ut | but |  | hut |  | kut | khut | lut |  |  |  | put | phut | sut | tut | thut | tsut | tshut  | ut
| Ø | b | g | h | j | k | kh | l | m | n | ng | p | ph | s | t | th | ts | tsh |

## Notes

1. ↑ In version of Ngoo Siu-le (zh), /ɘe/ [ere] is spelled as [oe] while the Phonetic Symbol "ㄜ" is replaced with "".

## References

1. ↑ Cheng Jei-cheng (2008) (in Chinese). Taiwan Minnanyu Luomazi Pinyin Fang'an Shiyong Shouce (2nd ed.). ROC Ministry of Education. ISBN 978-986-01-6637-8. http://english.moe.gov.tw/public/Attachment/9851214271.pdf.
2. ↑ (in zh). 2007. ISBN 978-986-00-7755-1. http://khai.mtwww.mt.au.edu.tw/ezcatfiles/b077/img/img/276/tshiutsheh.pdf.

## External links

* 臺灣閩南語羅馬拼音及其發音學習網, Taiwanese Romanization System (Tai-lo) learning site by Ministry of Education, Taiwan

0.00

(0 votes)

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Social:Taiwanese_Romanization_System&oldid=541585"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template