Timeline of social media

Short description: None

This page is a timeline of social media. Major launches, milestones, and other major events are included.

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 Timeline
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Overview

Decade  | Description

|

1970s–1980s  | The PLATO system (developed at the University of Illinois and subsequently commercially marketed by Control Data Corporation) offers early forms of social media with Notes, PLATO's message-forum application; TERM-talk, its instant-messaging feature; Talkomatic, perhaps the first online chat room; News Report, a crowd-sourced online newspaper, and blog; and Access Lists, enabling the owner of a notes file or other application to limit access to a certain set of users, for example, only friends, classmates, or co-workers. Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis conceived the idea of Usenet in 1979 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University, and it was established in 1980.[citation needed]
1980s–1990s  | As operating systems with a graphical user interface, such as Windows and Mac OS, begin to emerge and gain popularity, this creates an environment that allows for early social media platforms to thrive and exist.[citation needed]

Bulletin board systems (BBS) and Internet Relay Chat (IRC) were popular during this time period, and IRC is still widely used today.[1][2] The WELL, established in 1985, is one of the oldest still-operating online communities. Its name is an acronym for "Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link, coined by Stewart Brand, creator of the Whole Earth Catalog.[citation needed]

1990s–2000s  | Various notable social media platforms such as Myspace and Facebook are developed and released, and blogging begins to gain popularity. Instant messaging platforms such as AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) and Windows Live Messenger also become increasingly popular.[3]
2010s  | Many social media platforms that have remained are now thriving, and new ones are appearing sporadically. This includes popular blogs, instant messaging servers, and various social networking platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Snapchat, and Twitter.[4]

With advances in smartphone technology, almost all social media services now have their own mobile apps.[5]

2020s  | The majority of users of social media services now prefer using mobile apps, with apps such as TikTok, Instagram, and Twitter garnering and maintaining hundreds of millions of active users daily. Most well-established platforms (and influencers) focus on optimizing for engagement, algorithmic personalization, and maximizing revenue through targeted advertising.[citation needed]

## Timeline

Year  | Event type  | Description

|
|

1973  | Invention  | Talkomatic is created by Dave Woolley and Douglas Brown at the University of Illinois, as a multi-user chat room application. It is an instant sensation among users in the PLATO System's online community.[citation needed]
1973  | Invention  | TERM-Talk is created by the staff at the Computer-based Education Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois, as an instant-messaging application enabling any two users on the PLATO system to conduct a live, character-by-character typed conversation on the bottom of the screen of their PLTO terminals. Soon many features would be added to it including "Monitor Mode," enabling one user in the TERM-talk to share their own screen with the other user, to ask questions or point out something that they're seeing. Years later this concept would be introduced as "Screen Sharing" or Remote Desktop Software.[citation needed]
1973  | Invention  | PLATO Notes is created by 17-year-old student Dave Woolley at the Computer-based Education Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois, as a conferencing and bulletin board forum system for communicating with the user community. In 1976, Notes expanded to enable any user to create a "notesfile" on any subject. PLATO Notes would serve as the inspiration for Lotus Notes developed by former PLATO users Ray Ozzie, Len Kawell, and Tim Halvorsen.[citation needed]
1974  | Invention  | ARPANET evolved into the Internet following the publication of the first Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) specification, RFC 675 (Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program), written by Vint Cerf, Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine.[6]
circa 1980  | Milestone  | Bulletin Board System (BBS) emerges as one of the earliest known forms of social media, and remains popular and under development until the late 1990s.[7]
1984  | Invention  | FidoNet forms as BBSs start to exchange email in North America and later internationally.[citation needed]
1988  | Invention  | IRC rises from the roots of BBS (and was initially intended to extend it), offering a similar service and experience.[8][9] It has remained in use to this day.
1995  | Launch  | Classmates.com, originally launched as a list of school affiliations, is launched in December 1995. The site, founded by Randy Conrads, later incorporated features to help former and current classmates find and contact each other online.[10]
1996  | Launch  | The Swedish social networking website LunarStorm, originally called Stajlplejs, is launched in 1996. The site, founded by Rickard Eriksson, was renamed LunarStorm in 2000 and has been described as "the world's first social media on the Internet" by the founder.[11]
1996  | Launch  | ICQ is released by Israeli company Mirabilis.[12]
1996  | Launch  | Bolt.com was started as the first social networking and video website.[citation needed]
1997  | Launch, Milestone  | Social networking website SixDegrees.com is created.[13]
1998  | Launch  | Open Diary launches the first social blogging network, inventing the reader comment and friends-only content.[14]
1997  | Launch  | AOL Instant Messenger is released.[12]
1998  | Acquisition  | ICQ is acquired by AOL, and the service is patented.[15]
1999  | Acquisition
1999  | Launch  | Yahoo! Messenger instant messaging service launches.[12]
1999  | Launch  | MSN Messenger (also known as Windows Live Messenger), a messaging, video and voice calling service, launches.[12]
1999  | Launch  | LiveJournal, an early blogging platform and social network launches.[citation needed]
2000  | Launch  | Habbo, a game-based social networking site, launches.[citation needed]
2000  | Launch  | Friends Reunited exploiting a gap in the UK market following the success of US website Classmates.com[citation needed]
2001  | Defunction  | SixDegrees.com shuts down.[7]
2001  | Launch, Invention  | Windows Messenger is released, and is shipped with Windows XP. This is an integrated version of MSN Messenger.[citation needed]
2002  | Launch  | Social networking and gaming site Friendster launches. The service would be popular in Asia and the Pacific Islands.[16]
2003  | Launch  | Business-oriented social networking service LinkedIn launches.[17]
2003  | Launch  | Social networking website Hi5 launches.[4]
2003  | Launch  | The business-oriented social networking website, XING, launches.[18]
2003  | Launch  | 4chan, an english-language imageboard, launches.[19]
2003  | Launch
2003  | Launch  | Skype, an instant messaging and video/voice calling service (VoIP), launches.[20]
2004  | Launch, Milestone  | Facebook, the most popular social networking service to-date, launches.[21]
2004  | Launch  | Flickr, an image and video hosting website, launches.[22]
2004  | Launch  | Orkut, a social networking website owned by Google, launches.[23]
2004  | Launch  | Tagged, a social discovery website, launches.[4]
2005  | Launch  | Bebo, a social networking website, launches.[24]
2005  | Launch  | YouTube, a video-sharing website, launches.[25][26][27][28]
2005  | Acquisition  | Myspace is acquired by News Corporation for $580 million.[29]
2005  | Launch  | Qzone, a Chinese social networking website, launches.[30]
2005  | Launch  | Reddit, an American social news aggregation, web content rating, and discussion website, launches.[31]
2005  | Launch  | Renren, a Chinese social networking website, launches.[32]
2005  | Acquisition  | Yahoo! acquires Flickr.[33]
2005  | Launch  | Facebook launches its photos feature with no restrictions on storage (but without the ability to tag friends).[34]
2006  | Launch  | Twitter launches.[35]
2006  | Launch  | VK (VKontakte), a Russian-based social networking service that resembles Facebook, launches.[36]
2006  | Launch  | Facebook launches News Feed. The original news feed is an algorithmically generated and constantly refreshing summary of updates about the activities of one's friends.[37]
2006  | Launch  | Nasza Klasa launches, later rebranded NK.pl peaking in popularity by 2009, becoming the biggest social media in Poland and the 4th most-visited website in the country.[38]
2007  | Launch  | Tumblr, a microblogging and social networking website, launches.[39]
2007  | Launch  | FriendFeed, a real-time social media feed aggregator, launches.[citation needed]
2007  | Launch  | Justin.tv, a live-streaming that allowed anyone to broadcast video online, launches.[40]
2008  | Acquisition  | AOL buys Bebo for $850 million.[29]
2009  | Acquisition  | FriendFeed is acquired by Facebook for $15 million in cash, and $32.5 million in stock.[41]
2009  | Launch  | Sina Weibo, a Chinese microblogging website, launches.[42]
2010  | Launch  | Pinterest, a photo-sharing website, launches.[43]
2010  | Acquisition  | AOL sells ICQ to Mail.Ru (formerly known as Digital Sky Technologies) for $185 million.[44]
2010  | Acquisition  | Bebo is sold by AOL to Criterion Capital Partners.[45]
2010  | Launch  | Instagram, a photo/video sharing and social media service, launches.[46]
2010  | Launch  | Path, a social networking-enabled photo sharing and messaging service for mobile devices, launches.[47]
2010  | Launch  | Quora, a question-and-answer platform, launches.[48]
2011  | Launch  | Snapchat, a photo/video sharing and social media service, launches.[49]
2011  | Acquisition  | Microsoft acquires Skype Technologies for $8.5 billion.[50]
2011  | Launch  | Google+, a social networking service, launches.[51]
2011  | Launch  | Keek, a video-sharing and social media service, launches.[52]
2011  | Acquisition  | Myspace is sold to Specific Media by News Corp. for $35 million.[53]
2011  | Launch  | LinkedIn files for an IPO and trades its first shares under the NYSE symbol "LNKD", at $45 per share.[54]
2011  | Launch  | Twitch, a live-streaming service, launches. This service is a spin-off from Justin.tv, as it is more focused on broadcasting users playing video games.[55]
2011  | Launch  | Twitter overhauls its website to feature the "Fly" design, which the service says is easier for new users to follow and promotes advertising. In addition to the Home tab, the Connect and Discover tabs are introduced along with a redesigned profile and timeline of Tweets.[56]
2012  | Launch, Milestone  | Facebook goes public, negotiating a share price of $38 apiece, valuing the company at $104 billion, the largest valuation to date for a newly listed public company.[57]
2012  | Launch  | Snapchat launches video sharing, allowing users to share 10-second videos.[58]
2012  | Launch  | Tinder, a dating-oriented social networking service, launches.[59]
2012  | Acquisition  | Facebook acquires Instagram for $1 billion in cash and stock.[60]
2013  | Launch, Acquisition  | Vine, a video-sharing and social media service, launches shortly after being acquired by Twitter for $30 million.[61][62]
2013  | Launch  | Twitter files for its IPO, and begins trading on the New York Stock Exchange. The share closed at $44.90, giving the company a valuation of around $31 billion.[63]
2013  | Launch  | Instagram launches video sharing.[64]
2013  | Acquisition  | Tumblr is purchased by Yahoo! Inc. for $1.1 billion.[65]
2013  | Launch  | Slack, an instant messaging service designed for internal use by organizations and professionals, launches.[66]
2013  | Launch  | Yik Yak, a social media app for local discussion, is launched.[67]
2013  | Launch  | 8chan, a decentralized English-language imageboard, is launched by Fredrick Brennan.[68]
2013  | Launch  | Patreon, a crowdfunding site that would later become a subscription service for content creators on social media sites, is launched.[citation needed]
2013  | Acquisition  | Bebo is purchased from Criterion Capitol Partners for $1 million by Bebo's founders.[69]
2013  | Launch  | Instant messaging and video/voice calling service Google Hangouts launches.[70]
2013  | Launch  | Telegram, launches service for exchange messages, share media, files, live location, hold private and group voice or video calls, as well public livestreams.[citation needed]
2013  | Launch *  | Myspace re-launches, coming out with a re-designed website, and a mobile app.[71]
2014  | Defunction  | Justin.tv shuts downs to focus work on Twitch.[72]
2014  | Launch  | Musical.ly, a lip-syncing app, launches.[73]
2014  | Launch  | Snapchat launches collaborative timelines based on events.[74][75]
2014  | Acquisition  | Amazon acquires Twitch for $970 million.[76]
2014  | Defunction  | Orkut is shut down by Google.[77]
2015  | Defunction, Milestone  | Friendster shuts down due to "the evolving landscape in our challenging industry" and lack of engagement by the online community.[78]
2015  | Launch, Acquisition  | Periscope, a live video sharing app, launches shortly after being acquired by Twitter.[79]
2015  | Launch *  | Bebo re-launches as a messaging app for iOS and Android.[80][81]
2015  | Launch  | Beme, a short video-sharing app, launches. The creators are Casey Neistat and Matt Hackett.[82]
2015  | Launch  | Discord, a free instant messaging and video/voice calling service (VoIP) designed for the gaming community, launches.[83]
2015  | Launch  | Meerkat, an application similar to Periscope, launches.[84]
2016  | Launch  | Triller, a video editing app, is converted into a social networking service by allowing users to follow each other and share their videos publicly.[85]
2016  | Acquisition  | Microsoft acquires LinkedIn for $26.2 billion on 8 December 2016.[86][87]
2016  | Acquisition  | Time Inc. buys Myspace and its parent company.[88]
2016  | Defunction, Milestone  | Yahoo! discontinues its services for Windows, Mac, Linux, and Solaris clients in early August 2016. It will now only support Yahoo! Messenger on Android, iOS, and web clients.[89]
2016  | Defunction  | Vine announced that Twitter would be discontinuing the Vine mobile app, later renamed to "Vine Camera".[90]
2016  | Acquisition  | CNN acquires Beme, with the terms of acquisition remaining undisclosed.[91]
2016  | Launch  | Mastodon, a free and open-source software for self-hosting interlinking social networking services, is launched.
2017  | Launch  | Gab, an alt-tech microblogging site,[92] is launched publicly on May 8, 2017.[93]
2017  | Acquisition  | ByteDance acquires Musical.ly for $1 billion.[94]
2017  | Launch  | Pillowfort, a microblogging and social networking service, is launched, and is billed as an alternative to Tumblr.[95]
2017  | Defunction  | Yik Yak is shut down following a rapid decline in users, accusations of rampant bullying, and the app's banning from some schools.[96]
2017  | Milestone  | Snapchat files for its IPO, and begins trading on the New York Stock Exchange. The share closed at $24.48, giving the company a valuation of around $33 billion.[97]
2017  | Launch  | TikTok, a short video-sharing and social media service, launches.[98]
2017  | Launch  | Co–Star, an astrological social networking service, launches.[99]
2017  | Milestone  | Tumblr announces a complete ban on adult content after Apple Inc. removes Tumblr from its App Store. The move triggers a massive drop in online traffic for Tumblr.[100]
2017  | Defunction  | AIM is discontinued as a service.[citation needed]
2017  | Defunction  | Beme shuts down on January 31, following its acquisition by CNN in 2016.[101][91]
2018  | Defunction  | Yahoo! Messenger shuts down on July 17, 2018.[102]
2018  | Defunction  | Musical.ly shuts down and migrates its users to TikTok.[73]
2018  | Defunction  | Path announces the termination of its service on September 17, 2018.[103] Its closure takes place nearly a month later, on October 18, 2018.[103]
2018  | Launch  | Parler launches, billing itself as an unbiased and free speech alternative to larger social media platforms, such as Twitter and Facebook.[citation needed]
2019  | Defunction  | Google+ shuts down in April 2019 due to low user engagement and an API flaw.[104][105][106]
2019  | Acquisition  | Verizon Media announces it will sell Tumblr to Automattic, owner of WordPress.com and backer of WordPress for less than $3 million.[107]
2020  | Launch  | Clubhouse, an audio-chat social networking app, launches.[108]
2020  | Launch  | BeReal, a social media application that emphasizes authenticity, launches.[109]
2021  | Launch  | Gettr, an alt-tech social media platform aimed at conservatives, is launched by Jason Miller, a former aide to U.S. President Donald Trump.[110]
2021  | Defunction  | NK.pl was shut down on 27 July ending a near-15 year history of once the most popular social media in Poland. Arrival of Facebook to the Polish market being cited as one of the reasons for the departure of users and eventual closure.[38]
2021  | Launch  | Truth Social, an alt-tech social media platform, is launched by former U.S. President Donald Trump.[111]
2022  | Launch *  | Yik Yak relaunches on the App Store.[112]
2022  | Acquisition  | Twitter is acquired and taken private by businessman Elon Musk in a $44 billion deal.[113]
2023  | Launch  | Nostr
2023  | Milestone  | Poast DMs hacked[114]
2023  | Milestone  | 2023 Reddit API controversy
2023  | Launch  | Threads, a platform that uses a user's Instagram account to create an account in a format similar to Twitter, is launched by Meta. More than 30 million accounts were made in the first 24 hours of the platform's existence.[citation needed]

(*) Such launches are not initial launches, but rather relaunches.

## See also

* Timeline of Facebook
* Timeline of Instagram
* Timeline of LinkedIn
* Timeline of Pinterest
* Timeline of Snapchat
* Timeline of Twitter

## References

1. ↑ "The BBS Corner - Main Page". http://www.bbscorner.com/usersinfo/bbshistory.htm.
2. ↑ Williams, Alex (6 January 2013). "IRC Has Lost 60% Of Its Users Since 2003, But Life As A Robot Is Just Beginning". https://techcrunch.com/2013/01/06/irc-has-lost-60-of-its-users-since-2003-but-life-as-a-robot-is-just-beginning/.
3. ↑ "The Rise and Fall of Instant Messengers" (in en-US). 2014-10-22. http://www.whoishostingthis.com/blog/2014/10/22/instant-messengers/.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "29 social networks that have at least one million visitors per day". 2011-03-25. http://royal.pingdom.com/2011/03/25/social-networks-one-million-visitors-per-day/.
5. ↑ "The 16 social media apps everyone should have". http://www.businessinsider.com/best-social-media-apps-2015-11.
6. ↑ Cerf, Vinton; Dalal, Yogen; Sunshine, Carl (December 1974), RFC 675, Specification of Internet Transmission Control Protocol
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "The history of social networking" (in en-US). 2016-05-14. http://www.digitaltrends.com/features/the-history-of-social-networking/.
8. ↑ "History of IRC (Internet Relay Chat)". https://daniel.haxx.se/irchistory.html.
9. ↑ Ltd., mIRC Co.. "mIRC: Founding IRC". http://www.mirc.com/jarkko.html.
10. ↑ "Then and now: a history of social networking sites" (in en). 6 July 2011. https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/then-and-now-a-history-of-social-networking-sites/.
11. ↑ Nyheter, S. V. T.; Alexandersson, Lina (29 August 2016). "20 år sedan Lunarstorm föddes" (in sv). SVT Nyheter. https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/halland/20-ar-sedan-lunarstom-foddes.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Petronzio, Matt (25 October 2012). "A Brief History of Instant Messaging". http://mashable.com/2012/10/25/instant-messaging-history/.
13. ↑ boyd, danah m; Ellison, Nicole B. (2007). "Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13 (1): 210–230. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x.
14. ↑ Macnamara, Jim (2010). The 21st century media (r)evolution : emergent communication practices. New York: Peter Lang. pp. 48. ISBN 978-1-4331-0936-2.
15. ↑ "AOL wins instant messaging case". BBC. 2002-12-19. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/2591723.stm.
16. ↑ "Then and now: a history of social networking sites". 2014-02-04. https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/then-and-now-a-history-of-social-networking-sites/4/.
17. ↑ "About Us | LinkedIn Newsroom" (in en-us). https://press.linkedin.com/about-linkedin.
18. ↑ "Nothing found for 2008 10 5 Years Of Xing %E2%80%93 Some Memorable Moments And Milestones". https://blog.xing.com/2008/10/5-years-of-xing-%E2%80%93-some-memorable-moments-and-milestones/.
19. ↑ moot (October 1, 2003). "Welcome". 4chan. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
20. ↑ Agencies (28 August 2013). "Happy Birthday Skype: Even monkeys use it now" (in en-GB). http://www.emirates247.com/news/happy-birthday-skype-even-monkeys-use-it-now-2013-08-28-1.519060.
21. ↑ "The Only 8 Features Facebook Had When It Launched In 2004". http://www.businessinsider.com/facebooks-first-8-features-from-2004-2014-8.
22. ↑ "Photo Site a Hit With Bloggers" (in en-US). Wired. 9 December 2004. https://www.wired.com/2004/12/photo-site-a-hit-with-bloggers/. Retrieved 2016-07-23.
23. ↑ "A Look Back at Google's History of Social Media Failures". http://www.adweek.com/news/technology/look-back-googles-history-social-media-failures-158700.
24. ↑ "Bebo - SEO DIR" (in en-US). http://seo-dir.com/item/bebo/.
25. ↑ Team, N. F. I. (2022-04-29). "Is YouTube Social Media? Everything You Need To Know" (in en-US). https://www.nfi.edu/is-youtube-social-media/.
26. ↑ Suciu, Peter. "YouTube Remains The Most Dominant Social Media Platform" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/petersuciu/2021/04/07/youtube-remains-the-most-dominant-social-media-platform/.
27. ↑ Leskin, Paige. "YouTube is 15 years old. Here's a timeline of how YouTube was founded, its rise to video behemoth, and its biggest controversies along way" (in en-US). https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-youtube-in-photos-2015-10.
28. ↑ "Timeline: The Complete History of Video" (in en-US). 2017-09-05. https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/g3200/complete-history-of-video/.
29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "AOL acquires Bebo social network". BBC. 2008-03-13. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7294174.stm.
30. ↑ "Qzone: China's Biggest Social Network — China Internet Watch". https://www.chinainternetwatch.com/3346/tencent-qzone/.
31. ↑ "Reddit.com — The Guardian". https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/dec/08/innovations.guardianweeklytechnologysection1/.
32. ↑ "Renren - HOME". http://www.renren-inc.com/en/.
33. ↑ "Yahoo actually does acquire Flickr | Flickr Blog". 20 March 2005. http://blog.flickr.net/en/2005/03/20/yahoo-actually-does-acquire-flickr/.
34. ↑ Kanalley, Craig (2011-08-02). "INFOGRAPHIC: A History Of Facebook Photos". https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/02/facebook-photos-infographic_n_916225.html.
35. ↑ "The Real History Of Twitter". http://www.businessinsider.com/how-twitter-was-founded-2011-4.
36. ↑ "Russia's Mark Zuckerberg Resigns as VKontakte CEO". 2014-04-02. http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/russias-mark-zuckerberg-resigns-vkontakte-ceo-1443012.
37. ↑ "Facebook Gets a Facelift". https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook/facebook-gets-a-facelift/2207967130/.
38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Radkowski, Michał (28 July 2021). "Po prawie 15 latach skończyła się historia Naszej Klasy. Znika "swojskie medium społecznościowe"" (in pl). Wirtualne Media. https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/koniec-nasza-klasa-znika-swojskie-medium-spolecznosciowe. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
39. ↑ "About | Tumblr". https://www.tumblr.com/about.
40. ↑ "The Many Pivots Of Justin.tv: How A Livecam Show Became Home To Video Gaming Superstars" (in en-US). 2012-06-15. http://www.fastcompany.com/1839300/many-pivots-justintv-how-livecam-show-became-home-video-gaming-superstars.
41. ↑ Siegler, M. G. (10 August 2009). "The Cost Of FriendFeed: Roughly $50 Million In Cash And Stock". https://techcrunch.com/2009/08/10/the-cost-of-friendfeed-roughly-50-million-in-cash-and-stock/.
42. ↑ "Special: Micro blog's macro impact". http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-03/02/content_12099500.htm.
43. ↑ "Pinning: These are a few of my favourite things". 11 August 2011. http://www.mysanantonio.com/life/article/Pinning-These-are-a-few-of-my-favorite-things-1882964.php.
44. ↑ "FT.com / Media - AOL sells ICQ to Russian internet company". 2010-04-30. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/2ba3294a-52c1-11df-a192-00144feab49a.html.
45. ↑ "AOL To Sell Bebo to Criterion Capital Partners". http://www.businessinsider.com/aol-to-sell-bebo-to-criterion-capital-partners-2010-6.
46. ↑ "Instagram". https://www.instagram.com/press/.
47. ↑ "A Path the world isn't meant to see". https://www.cnet.com/news/a-path-the-world-isnt-meant-to-see/.
48. ↑ "Adam D'Angelo". https://www.forbes.com/profile/adam-dangelo/.
49. ↑ Ang, Sarah (13 February 2014). "11 Things You Didn't Know About Snapchat's Founders". http://mashable.com/2014/02/13/snapchat-founder-facts/.
50. ↑ "Microsoft finalizes acquisition of Skype, Tony Bates shares his thoughts (video)". https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/14/microsoft-finalizes-acquisition-of-skype-tony-bates-shares-his/.
51. ↑ "Introducing the Google+ project: Real-life sharing, rethought for the web". https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/06/introducing-google-project-real-life.html.
52. ↑ Dobby, Christine (17 January 2013). "Toronto's Keek raises $18M for social video networking platform". Financial Post. http://business.financialpost.com/fp-tech-desk/torontos-keek-raises-18m-for-social-video-networking-platform.
53. ↑ "MySpace sold to Specific Media by Murdoch's News Corp - BBC News" (in en-GB). BBC News. 29 June 2011. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-13969338.
54. ↑ Byers, Ann (2013-07-15) (in en). Reid Hoffman and Linkedin. The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 9781448895373. https://books.google.com/books?id=GR2EAAAAQBAJ.
55. ↑ Wilhelm, Alex (2011-06-06). "TwitchTV: Justin.tv's killer new esports project" (in en-US). https://thenextweb.com/media/2011/06/06/twitchtv-justin-tvs-killer-new-esports-project/#gref.
56. ↑ "Twitter 2.0: Everything You Need to Know About the New Changes | Fox News" (in en-US). 2011-12-09. http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2011/12/09/what-need-to-know-about-new-twitter.html?test=faces.
57. ↑ Caulfield, Brian. "Facebook IPO: Time For A Drink [Update: No Hoodies At The Rosewood"]. https://www.forbes.com/sites/briancaulfield/2012/05/17/facebook-goes-public-time-for-a-drink/#6bc89cf85493.
58. ↑ Gallagher, Billy (14 December 2012). "Snapchat Releases Video Sharing, Is Prototyping Monetization Features (Oh, And It's Still Not For Sexting)". https://techcrunch.com/2012/12/14/snapchat-does-video/.
59. ↑ "What Ignited Tinder's Explosive Growth?". https://growthhackers.com/growth-studies/what-ignited-tinders-explosive-growth.
60. ↑ "Facebook Buys Instagram for $1 Billion". ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2012/04/facebook-buys-instagram-for-1-billion/.
61. ↑ Langer, Eli (2013-06-23). "Instagram Video Taking a Swing at Vine: Study". https://www.cnbc.com/id/100836937.
62. ↑ "Twitter Buys Vine, a Video Clip Company That Never Launched" (in en-us). http://allthingsd.com/20121009/twitter-buys-vine-a-video-clip-company-that-never-launched/.
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78. ↑ "Friendster.com - Living the Game". http://www.friendster.com/.
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80. ↑ "After Selling For $850 Million, Failed Social Network Bebo Is Relaunching As Something Much Cooler". http://www.businessinsider.com/bebo-is-relaunching-as-a-chat-app-2014-12.
81. ↑ "Bebo Swipe To Chill". Bebo, Inc.. https://bebo.com.
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97. ↑ Balakrishnan, Anita (2017-03-02). "Snap cluboses up 44% after rollicking IPO". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/02/snapchat-snap-open-trading-price-stock-ipo-first-day.html.
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104. ↑ "Shutting down Google+ for consumer (personal) accounts on April 2, 2019". January 30, 2019. https://support.google.com/plus/answer/9195133?hl.
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114. ↑ "Hack of Poast; White House takes on antisemitism; Oath Keeper to prison". 2023-06-02. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/06/02/hack-of-poast-ties-to-truth-social/70279266007/.

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