Years of Lead

The Years of Lead were a political phenomenon related to the Cold War that was characterized by terrorism and the putative strategy of tension, beginning in Italy and later spreading to the rest of Europe.[1] In Italy terrorist groups include the Red Brigades and Ordine Nuovo, in Germany there was the Red Army Faction and in France there was Action directe. In Belgium, the années de plomb or "Bloody Eighties", refers to the Brabant massacres which resulted in 28 deaths. The far-right movement Westland New Post (WNP) has been suspected in this campaign. Attacks by the Communist Combatant Cells, a short-lived group, killed two. Many of the right-wing groups involved have been linked to Operation Gladio. The liberation of James L. Dozier signaled the end of the Years of Lead.[2][3]

## Contents

* 1 List of Years of Lead
* 2 Film
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## List of Years of Lead

* Years of Lead (Brazil) (anos de chumbo), from 1968 to 1974
* Years of Lead (Italy) (anni di piombo), terrorism, later 1960s–later 1980s
* Years of Lead (Morocco) (سنوات الرصاص Sanawāt ar-Ruṣāṣ/années de plomb), government violence, 1960s–1980s
* Dirty War (Argentina) (guerra sucia), c. 1970 to 1983

## Film

French Les années de plomb, Italian Anni di piombo, and Portuguese Anos de chumbo, all meaning Years of Lead, are also the French, Italian and Portuguese titles of the 1981 West German film Die bleierne Zeit (literally: The Period of Lead) about the RAF period in Germany (English titles: The German Sisters (UK); Marianne and Juliane (USA)).

## See also

* Political violence in Chile
* Political violence in Germany (1918–1933)
* Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)
* Palestinian political violence
* The Troubles

## References

1. ↑ Italy's history of terror
2. ↑ Aznar, José María (2006). Counterterrorism Strategies: Successes and Failures of Six Nations. ISBN 9781597970181. https://books.google.com/books?id=XNK4ChtjZ7QC&q=Liberation+of+Dozler+end+of+years+of+lead&pg=PT115.
3. ↑ Weinberg, Leonard (March 2013). The End of Terrorism?. ISBN 9781136651915. https://books.google.com/books?id=UMyoAgAAQBAJ&q=Liberation+of+Dozler+end+of+years+of+lead&pg=PA58.

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