Camino (web browser)

Short description: Discontinued open-source web browser

Camino

Camino 2.1 under Mac OS X 10.7 Lion

Developer(s)| The Camino Project
Initial release| February 13, 2002; 24 years ago (2002-02-13)
Written in| Objective-C Cocoa
Operating system| OS X
Available in| Multilingual[which?]
Type| Web browser
Feed reader
License| MPL 1.1/ GPL 2.0/ LGPL 2.1 tri-license
Website| caminobrowser.org

Camino (from the Spanish word camino meaning "path") is a discontinued free, open source, GUI-based Web browser based on Mozilla's Gecko layout engine and specifically designed for the OS X operating system. In place of an XUL-based user interface used by most Mozilla-based applications, Camino used Mac-native Cocoa APIs. On May 30, 2013, the Camino Project announced that the browser is no longer being developed.[1]

As Camino's aim was to integrate as well as possible with OS X, it used the Aqua user interface and integrated a number of OS X services and features such as the Keychain for password management and Bonjour for scanning available bookmarks across the local network. Other notable features included an integrated pop-up blocker and ad blocker, and tabbed browsing that included an overview feature allowing tabs to be viewed all at once as pages.[2][3]

The browser was developed by the Camino Project, a community organization. Mike Pinkerton had been the technical lead of the Camino project since Dave Hyatt moved to the Safari team at Apple Inc. in mid-2002.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Standards compliance
* 3 Multilingual support
* 4 Version compatibility
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## History

<timeline> Define $dx = 25 # shift text to right side of bar Define $dy = -3 # shift text to right side of bar Define $now = 07/12/2011 Define $start = 13/02/2002

ImageSize = width:140 height:550 PlotArea = width:50 height:530 left:50 bottom:10

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:$start till:$now TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:2003

PlotData=

bar:Leaders color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S

from:13/02/2002 till:$now

from:13/02/2002 till:13/02/2002 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.1
from:06/04/2002 till:06/04/2002 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.2
from:24/07/2002 till:24/07/2002 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.4
from:09/09/2002 till:09/09/2002 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.5
from:05/11/2002 till:05/11/2002 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.6
from:06/03/2003 till:06/03/2003 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.7
from:25/06/2004 till:25/06/2004 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:0.8
from:14/02/2006 till:14/02/2006 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:1.0
from:05/06/2007 till:05/06/2007 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:1.5
from:17/04/2008 till:17/04/2008 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:1.6
from:18/11/2009 till:18/11/2009 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:2.0
from:29/11/2011 till:29/11/2011 shift:($dx,$dy) fontsize:XS text:2.1

</timeline>

Camino timeline[4] Version  | Date

|

0.1  | February 13, 2002
0.2  | April 6, 2002
0.4  | July 24, 2002
0.5  | September 9, 2002
0.6  | November 5, 2002
0.7  | March 6, 2003
0.8  | June 25, 2004
1.0  | February 14, 2006
1.5  | June 5, 2007
1.6  | April 17, 2008
2.0  | November 18, 2009
2.0.7  | March 22, 2011
2.0.8  | September 9, 2011
2.0.9  | September 14, 2011
2.1  | November 29, 2011

In late 2001, Mike Pinkerton and Vidur Apparao started a project within Netscape to prove that Gecko could be embedded in a Cocoa application. In early 2002 Dave Hyatt, one of the co-creators of Firefox (then called Phoenix), joined the team and built Chimera, a small, lightweight browser wrapper, around their work.[5] "Chimera" is a mythological beast with parts taken from various animals and as the new browser represented an early example of Carbon/C++ code interacting with Cocoa/Objective-C code, the name must have seemed apt.

The first downloadable build of Chimera 0.1 was released on February 13, 2002. The early releases became popular due to their fast page-loading speeds (as compared with then-dominant Mac browser, Microsoft's Internet Explorer version 5 or OmniGroup's OmniWeb, which then used the Cocoa text system as its rendering engine).

Hyatt was hired by Apple Computer in mid-2002 to start work on what would become Safari. Meanwhile, the Chimera developers got a small team together within Netscape, with dedicated development and QA, to put together a Netscape-branded technology preview for the January 2003 Macworld Conference. However, two days before the show, AOL management decided to abandon the entire project. Despite this setback, a skeleton crew of QA and developers released Camino 0.7 on March 3, 2003.[5]

The name was changed from Chimera to Camino for legal reasons. Because of its roots in Greek mythology, Chimera has been a popular choice of name for hypermedia systems.[citation needed] One of the first graphical web browsers was called Chimera,[6] and researchers at the University of California, Irvine, have also developed a complete hypermedia system of the same name.[7] Camino is Spanish for "path" or "road" (as in El Camino Real, aka the Royal Road), and the name was chosen to continue the "Navigator" motif.[5][8]

While version 0.7 was primarily a Netscape-driven release kept afloat at the end by open source, version 0.8 was, according to lead developer Pinkerton, "a triumph of open source and open process. People from all around the world helped with patches, QA, bug triage, localization, artwork, and evangelism."[5]

In March 2005, Camino's Web site was moved from the Mozilla Foundation's domain mozilla.org to the Camino Project's domain caminobrowser.org.[9]

In September 2005, Pinkerton accepted a position at Google where he worked closely with Google's Firefox team and continued to work on Camino during his "twenty percent" time.

Camino 1.0, released on February 14, 2006, was the first browser of the Mozilla family to appear as a universal binary, thanks largely to the efforts of Mark Mentovai, another of the Camino developers.

Camino 2.0, released on November 18, 2009, introduced many new interface features to the browser including movable tabs and tab preview. It was the first Camino release to be Acid2-compliant.[10]

With the release of Camino 2.1 in 2011, the developers announced plans to transition to WebKit for future versions, as Mozilla had dropped support for Gecko embedding.[11]

The final release was 2.1.2 released on March 14, 2012.[12]

On May 30, 2013, Stuart Morgan announced on Camino Blog that Camino had reached its end and was no longer being developed.[13]

## Standards compliance

Camino 2.0, released on November 18, 2009, introduced many new interface features to the browser including moveable tabs and tab preview. It was the first Camino release to be Acid2-compliant.

The final release (2.1.2) scores a 99/100 on the Acid3 test.

Camino's HTML5 support via the HTML5 test standards testbed is limited.

## Multilingual support

Camino 2.1.2 is available in the following languages:

* Dutch
* German
* English (US)
* French
* Italian
* Japanese
* Swedish
* Chinese (Simplified)
* Norwegian
* Spanish

## Version compatibility

OS X version  | Latest version  | Gecko release

|
|

v10.1  | 0.8.5  | 1.7.6[14]
v10.2.8  | 1.0.6  | 1.8.0.13[15]
v10.3.0  | 1.5.5  | 1.8.1.12[16]
v10.3.9  | 1.6.11  | 1.8.1.24[17]
v10.4  | 2.1.2  | 1.9.2.28[18]
v10.5
v10.6
v10.7
v10.8

## See also

* Browser timeline
* Comparison of web browsers
* List of web browsers
* Java Embedding Plugin
* K-Meleon

## References

1. ↑ Camino reaches its end. Camino reaches its end (2013-05-30). Retrieved on 2013-05-30.
2. ↑ "What makes Camino special?". http://caminobrowser.org/features/.
3. ↑ Camino 2.0 adds Tab Overview, improved annoyance blocking | E-Mail & Internet | MacUser. Macworld. Retrieved on 2010-11-11.
4. ↑ "Camino - Download - Releases". Camino. http://caminobrowser.org/download/.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Bangeman, Eric (2004-09-22). "Interview with Camino Project head Mike Pinkerton". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/apple/news/2004/09/mac-20040923.ars.
6. ↑ Chimera
7. ↑ "Chimera 2.0". http://ftp.ics.uci.edu/pub/chimera/#.
8. ↑ Camino. Documentation. FAQ
9. ↑ Sidler, Samuel. "Welcome to the New Camino Project Website!". Camino. Blog.. http://caminobrowser.org/blog/2005/#welcometo.
10. ↑ Camino. Releases. 2.0. The Camino Project (2009-11-18). Retrieved on 2010-11-11.
11. ↑ Foresman, Chris (April 1, 2011). "WebKit best option for Camino as Mozilla drops Gecko embedding". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. https://arstechnica.com/apple/2011/04/webkit-best-option-for-camino-as-mozilla-drops-gecko-embedding/.
12. ↑ Camino. Blog. 2012 Archives. The Camino Project (2012-02-22). Retrieved on 2012-02-24.
13. ↑ Camino. Blog. 2013 Archives. "Camino Reaches Its End" (2013-05-30). Retrieved on 2013-05-30.
14. ↑ Camino. Releases. 0.8.5. Caminobrowser.org (2006-04-25). Retrieved on 2010-11-11.
15. ↑ Camino. Releases. 1.0.6. Caminobrowser.org (2007-08-30). Retrieved on 2010-11-11.
16. ↑ Camino. Releases. 1.5.5. Caminobrowser.org (2008-02-07). Retrieved on 2010-11-11.
17. ↑ Camino. Releases. 1.6.11. Caminobrowser.org (2010-03-15). Retrieved on 2010-11-11.
18. ↑ Camino. Releases. 2.1.2. Caminobrowser.org (2012-03-14). Retrieved on 2012-10-04.

## External links

* Mike Pinkerton talks about Camino – "Open Source Developers at Google" Speaker Series

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Gopher

A protocol for document search and retrieval on the Internet

Active clients|

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Discontinued clients|

* Agora
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* Arena
* AT&T Pogo
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* Camino
* Cello
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Previously supported|

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Server software|

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Search engines|

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Content|

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Gopher+

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News aggregators

Client
software|

| Standalone|

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|

Web browsers|

* AOL Explorer
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Email clients|

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Web browser plugins|

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Media
aggregators|

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|

RSS+BitTorrent|

* BitLord
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Related
articles|

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Italics indicate discontinued software.

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|

Mozilla
Research|

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Mozilla
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|

Origins|

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Forks|

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Components|

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Typefaces|

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Discontinued projects are in italics. Some projects abandoned by Mozilla that are still maintained by third parties are in bold.

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|

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General

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1990s

| 1990|

* WorldWideWeb (Nexus)

|

1991|

* Line Mode Browser
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1992|

* Erwise
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1993|

* AMosaic
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1994|

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1995|

* Agora
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1996|

* Cyberdog
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* Oracle PowerBrowser
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* Voyager

1997|

* Netscape Communicator
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* Opera 2.1

1998|

* NeoPlanet
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1999|

* iCab
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* Opera 3.5–3.62

2000s

| 2000|

* Beonex Communicator
* Galeon
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* MediaBrowser
* Netscape 6
* Opera 4–4.02

|

2001|

* iCab 2.5
* Internet Explorer 6
* Omniweb 4
* Opera 5–5.12

2002|

* Avant Browser 7
* Camino
* Epiphany
* Netscape 7
* Opera 6–6.1

2003|

* GreenBrowser
* Maxthon
* Opera 7–7.3
* Safari
* SlimBrowser

2004|

* Avant Browser 9
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* Opera 7.5–7.55

2005|

* AOL Explorer
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* Opera 8–8.54
* Safari 2

2006|

* Avant Browser 11
* Firefox 2
* Internet Explorer 7
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2007|

* Maxthon 2
* Opera 9.5–9.64
* Safari 3
* SeaMonkey 1.1

2008|

* Chrome
* Firefox 3
* Netscape Browser
* Netscape Navigator 9
* NetSurf 1.2

2009|

* Avant Browser 11.7
* Chrome 2–3
* Firefox 3.5
* Internet Explorer 8
* Opera 10–10.63
* Pale Moon
* Safari 4
* SeaMonkey 2.0

2010s

| 2010|

* Chrome 4–8
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* Lunascape 6.0.1
* Maxthon 3
* NetSurf 2.5
* Opera 11–11.64
* Safari 5

|

2011|

* Chrome 9–16
* Firefox 4–9
* Internet Explorer 9
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* SeaMonkey 2.1–2.4
* Waterfox

2012|

* Chrome 17–23
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* Internet Explorer 10
* Lunascape 6.7
* Maxthon 3.4
* NetSurf 2.9
* Safari 6

2013|

* Chrome 24–31
* Firefox 18–26
* Internet Explorer 11
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* Safari 7
* SeaMonkey 2.15–2.22

2014|

* Chrome 32–39
* Firefox 27–34
* Lunascape 6.9
* NetSurf 3.1
* Opera 19–26
* Safari 8
* SeaMonkey 2.23–2.31

2015|

* Chrome 40–47
* Firefox 35–43
* Lunascape 6.10–6.12
* Microsoft Edge 20, 25
* Opera 27–34
* Safari 9
* SeaMonkey 2.32–2.39
* Vivaldi

2016|

* Chrome 48–55
* Firefox 44–50
* Lunascape 6.13–6.15
* Microsoft Edge 38
* Opera 35–42
* Safari 10

2017|

* Chrome 56–63
* Firefox 51–57
* Microsoft Edge 40, 41
* Opera 43–49
* Safari 11
* SeaMonkey 2.46–2.49
* Basilisk
* Brave
* Vivaldi 1.7–1.15

2018|

* Chrome 64–71
* Firefox 58–64
* Microsoft Edge 42-44
* Opera 50-57
* Safari 12

2019|

* Chrome 72–79
* Firefox 65–71
* Opera 58–65
* Safari 13
* Vivaldi 2.3–2.10
* Whale 1.4–1.5

2020s

| 2020|

* Chrome 80–
* Firefox 72–
* Microsoft Edge 79—
* Opera 66–

|

Related topics

* 3D Markup Language for Web
* Aliweb
* ARPANET
* ASCII
* BITNET
* Browser wars
* CompuServe
* Elm
* Email
* File Transfer Protocol
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* HyTelnet
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* NLS
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* UUCP
* Videotex
* Viewdata
* Virtual Reality Markup Language
* Web page
* Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog
* World Wide Web
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Web browsers

Features * standards * protocols

| Features|

* Bookmarks
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|

Web standards|

* HTML
* v5
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* DOM
* JavaScript
* IndexedDB
* Web storage
* WebAssembly
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Protocols|

* HTTP
* v2
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* Cookies
* Encryption
* OCSP
* WebRTC
* WebSocket

Active

| Blink-based|

* Avast Secure Browser
* Beaker
* Blisk
* Brave
* Chrome
* Chromium
* Coc Coc
* Dragon
* Epic
* Falkon
* Kinza
* Maxthon
* Opera
* Otter
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* Sputnik
* SRWare
* Torch
* UC
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* Whale
* Yandex

|

Gecko-based|

* Firefox
* GNU IceCat
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* PirateBrowser
* SeaMonkey
* TenFourFox
* Tor
* Waterfox

WebKit-based|

* Dolphin
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* GNOME Web
* iCab
* Konqueror
* Midori
* Safari
* surf

Other|

* 360
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* CM Browser
* Edge
* eww
* Internet Explorer
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* Lynx
* NetFront
* NetSurf
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* QQ browser
* qutebrowser
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* w3m

Discontinued

| Gecko-based|

* Beonex Communicator
* Camino
* Classilla
* Conkeror
* Galeon
* Ghostzilla
* Kazehakase
* Kylo
* Lotus
* MicroB
* Minimo
* Mozilla suite
* Pogo
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* Swiftfox
* Swiftweasel
* Timberwolf
* xB

|

Trident-based|

* AOL
* Deepnet
* GreenBrowser
* MediaBrowser
* MenuBox
* NeoPlanet
* NetCaptor
* SpaceTime
* UltraBrowser
* WebbIE
* ZAC

WebKit-based|

* Arora
* BOLT
* Opera Coast
* Flock
* Fluid
* Google TV
* Iris
* Mercury
* OmniWeb
* Origyn
* QtWeb
* rekonq
* Rockmelt
* Shiira
* Steel
* Browser for Symbian
* Uzbl
* WebPositive
* xombrero

Other|

* abaco
* Amaya
* Arachne
* Arena
* Blazer
* Charon
* Deepfish
* Dillo
* ELinks
* Gazelle
* HotJava
* IBM Home Page Reader
* IBM WebExplorer
* IBrowse
* KidZui
* Line Mode
* Mosaic
* MSN TV
* NetPositive
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* Skyfire
* Teashark
* ThunderHawk
* Vision
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