Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions

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Short description: none

Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of computer software operating systems created by Microsoft. Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs).

All versions of Microsoft Windows are commercial proprietary software.

## Contents

* 1 General information
* 1.1 DOS shells
* 1.2 Windows 9x
* 1.3 Windows NT
* 1.4 Windows Embedded Compact
* 1.5 Windows IoT
* 1.6 Windows Mobile
* 1.7 Windows Phone
* 2 Technical information
* 2.1 DOS shells
* 2.2 Windows 9x
* 2.3 Windows NT
* 2.4 Windows Phone
* 3 Supported file systems
* 3.1 Windows 9x
* 3.2 Windows NT
* 3.3 Windows Phone
* 4 Hardware requirements
* 4.1 Windows 9x
* 4.2 Windows NT
* 4.3 Windows Phone
* 5 Physical memory limits
* 5.1 Windows
* 5.2 Windows NT
* 6 Security features
* 7 Features
* 8 Timeline
* 9 See also
* 9.1 Other lists
* 9.2 Windows clones and emulators
* 10 References
* 11 External links

## General information

Basic general information about Windows.

### DOS shells

Name  | Release date  | Latest version  | Support status  | Codename  | OS required  | Architecture  | Editions  | Target market

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows 1.0 | 1985-11-20  | 1.04 (1987-04-08)  | Unsupported
(2001-12-31)  | Interface Manager  | DOS 2.0 or higher  | 16-bit |  | Desktops
Windows 2.0 | 1987-09-08  | 2.03 (1987-12-09)  | Unsupported
(2001-12-31)  |  | DOS 3.0 or higher  | 16-bit  |  | Desktops
Windows 2.1x | 1988-05-27  | 2.11 (1989-03-13)  | Unsupported
(2001-12-31)  |  | DOS 3.0 or higher  | 16-bit  |  | Desktops
Windows 3.0 | 1990-05-22  | 3.0a with
Multimedia Extensions
(1991-10-20)  | Unsupported
(2001-12-31)  |  | DOS 3.1 or higher  | 16-bit  | Windows 3.0
Windows 3.0a
Windows 3.0a with Multimedia Extensions  | Desktops
Windows 3.1x | 1992-04-06  | 3.11 (1993-12-31)  | Unsupported
(2001-12-31)  | Janus

* 3.1 for Workgroups: Kato
* 3.11: Snowball (LB)
* 3.11 for Workgroups: Sparta

| DOS 3.3 or higher  | 16-bit* | Windows 3.1
Windows for Workgroups 3.1
Windows 3.11
Windows for Workgroups 3.11
Windows 3.2 (Simplified Chinese only)  | Desktops

* Has partial 32-bit compatibility with Win32s

### Windows 9x

Name  | Release date  | RTM build  | Latest version  | Support status  | Codename  | MS-DOS version | Kernel type  | Architecture  | Editions  | Target market

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows 95 | 1995-07-14  | 950  | 4.00.950C OSR2.5 (1997-11-26)  | Unsupported
(2001-12-31)  | Chicago  | MS-DOS 7.0, MS-DOS 7.1 (OSR2.x)  | Monolithic | Hybrid 16/32-bit | Retail, OSR1, OSR2, OSR2.1, OSR2.5  | Desktops
Windows 98 | 1998-05-15  | 1998  | 4.10.1998  | Unsupported
(2006-07-11)  | Memphis  | MS-DOS 7.1  | Monolithic  | Hybrid 16/32-bit  |  | Desktops
Windows 98 SE | 1999-05-05  | 2222  | 4.10.2222A (2000-02-25)  | Unsupported
(2006-07-11)  |  | MS-DOS 7.1  | Monolithic  | Hybrid 16/32-bit  |  | Desktops
Windows Me | 2000-06-19  | 3000  | 4.90.3000 (2000-09-14)  | Unsupported
(2006-07-11)  | Millennium  | MS-DOS 8.0  | Monolithic  | Hybrid 16/32-bit  |  | Desktops

### Windows NT

Name  | Release date  | Version  | RTM build  | Latest build  | Support status  | Codename, working name  | Supported architectures  | Editions  | OS type

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows NT 3.1 | 1993-10-24  | 3.1  | 528  | 528 (SP3)
(1994-11-10)  | Unsupported
(2000-12-31)[1] | New Technology OS/2  | IA-32, DEC Alpha,
MIPS | Workstation,
Advanced Server  | Workstation,
Server
Windows NT 3.5 | 1994-09-21  | 3.5  | 807  | 807 (SP3)
(1995-06-21)  | Unsupported
(2001-12-31)  | Daytona  | IA-32, DEC Alpha,
MIPS, PowerPC[2] | Workstation,
Server  | Workstation,
Server
Windows NT 3.51 | 1995-05-30  | 3.51  | 1057  | 1057 (SP5)
(1996-09-19)  | Unsupported
(2001-12-31)  | N/A  | IA-32, DEC Alpha,
MIPS, PowerPC | Workstation,
Server  | Workstation,
Server
Windows NT 4.0 | 1996-08-24  | 4.0  | 1381  | 1381 (SP6a)
(1999-11-30)  | Unsupported
(2004-06-30)
Extended Security Updates were released until 2006.  | Cairo/Shell Update Release
Hydra (Terminal Server)
Impala (Embedded)  | IA-32, DEC Alpha,
MIPS, PowerPC | Workstation,
Server,
Server Enterprise Edition,
Terminal Server,
Embedded  | Workstation,
Server,
Embedded PCs
Windows 2000 | 2000-02-17  | 5.0  | 2195  | SP4 Rollup 1 v2
(2005-09-13)  | Unsupported
(2010-07-13)  | Windows NT 5.0

* Windows 2000 64-bit: Janus

| IA-32 | Professional,
Server,
Advanced Server,
Datacenter Server,
Powered (Embedded)  | Desktop,
Workstation,
Server,
Embedded PCs
Windows XP | 2001-10-25  | 5.1  | 2600  | 2600 (SP3)
(2008-04-21)  | Unsupported
(2014-04-08)  | Whistler  | IA-32, IA-64, x86-64 | HomeK,
ProfessionalKx64,
Media Center,
Tablet PC,
Starter,
Embedded  | Desktop,
Workstation,
Embedded PCs
Windows Server 2003 | 2003-04-24  | 5.2  | 3790  | 3790 (SP2)
(2007-03-13)  | Unsupported
(2015-07-14)  | Whistler Server, Windows.NET Server  | IA-32, IA-64, x86-64 | Standard,
Enterprise,
Datacenter,
Web,
Storage,
Small Business Server,
Compute Cluster  | Server,
Network Appliance,
Embedded PCs,
HPC
Windows Server 2003 R2 | 2006-03-05  | 5.2  | 3790  | ?  | Unsupported
(2015-07-14)  | ?  | IA-32, x86-64 |  | Server,
Network Appliance,
Embedded PCs,
HPC
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | 2006-07-08  | 5.1  | 2600  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2014-04-08)  | Eiger, Mönch  | IA-32 | Fundamentals for Legacy PCs  | Desktop
Windows Vista | 2007-01-30  | 6.0  | 6000  | 6002 (SP2)
(2009-04-28)  | Unsupported
(2017-04-11)  | Longhorn  | IA-32, x86-64 | Starter,
Home BasicK,
Home PremiumK,
BusinessK,
EnterpriseK,
UltimateK | Desktop,
Workstation
Windows Home Server | 2007-11-04  | 5.2  | 3790  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2013-01-08)  | Q, Quattro  | IA-32, x86-64 | Home Server  | Server
Windows Server 2008 | 2008-02-27  | 6.0  | 6001  | 6002 (SP2)
(2009-04-28)  | Out of extended support (2020-01-14);
Grandfathered paid Premium Assurance (limited to some critical security issues) security update support until January 13, 2026.  | Longhorn Server  | x86-64, IA-64, IA-32 | WebCore,
StandardCorewHVCwHV,
EnterpriseCorewHVCwHV,
Small Business Server,
DatacenterCorewHVCwHV,
HPC,
HyperV Core,
Foundation,
Storage  | Server
Windows 7 | 2009-10-22  | 6.1  | 7600  | 7601 (SP1)
(2011-02-22)  | Unsupported
(2020-01-14)  | 7  | IA-32, x86-64 | StarterK,
Home BasicK,
Home PremiumK,
ProfessionalK,
UltimateK,
EnterpriseK | Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Windows Server 2008 R2 | 2009-10-22  | 6.1  | 7600  | 7601 (SP1)
(2011-02-22)  | Out of extended support (2020-01-14);
Grandfathered paid Premium Assurance (limited to some critical security issues) security update support until January 13, 2026.  | 7 Server  | x86-64, IA-64 | StandardCore,
EnterpriseCore,
DatacenterCore,
WebCore | Server
Windows Home Server 2011  | 2011-04-06  | 6.1  | 8400  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2016-04-12)  | Vail  | x86-64 | Home Server  | Server
Windows Server 2012 | 2012-09-04  | 6.2  | 9200  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2023-10-10)  | 8 Server  | x86-64 | Foundation, Essentials,
Standard, Datacenter,
Storage Standard,
Storage Workgroup  | Server
Windows 8 | 2012-10-26  | 6.2  | 9200  | N/A  | (RTM only) Unsupported
(2016-01-12)  | 8  | IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7  | Windows 8, Pro,
EnterpriseK, Windows RT  | Desktop,
Workstation,
Multi-touch
Windows 8.1 | 2013-10-17  | 6.3  | 9600  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2023-01-10)  | Blue  | IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7  | Windows 8.1, Pro,
EnterpriseK,
Windows RT 8.1  | Desktop,
Workstation,
Multi-touch
Windows Server 2012 R2  | 2013-10-18  | 6.3  | 9600  | N/A  | Out of extended support (2023-10-10);
Paid support via the Extended Security Updates (ESU) program until October 13, 2026.  | Blue Server  | x86-64 | Foundation, Essentials,
Standard, Datacenter,
Storage Essentials,
Storage Standard,
Storage Workgroup  | Server
Windows 10 | Original Release | 2015-07-29  | 10.0  | 10240  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2017-05-09)  | Threshold  | IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7  | Home, Pro,
Education, Enterprise  | Desktop,
Workstation,
Multi-touch
Unsupported
(2025-10-14)  | Enterprise LTSB
November Update | 2015-11-12  | 10586  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2017-10-10)  | Threshold 2  | Home, Pro,
Education, Enterprise
Anniversary Update | 2016-08-02  | 14393  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2018-04-10)  | Redstone  | Home, Pro,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2019-04-09)  | Education, Enterprise
On extended support
(2026-10-13)  | Enterprise LTSB
Creators Update | 2017-04-11  | 15063  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2018-10-09)  | Redstone 2  | Home, Pro,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2019-10-08)  | Education, Enterprise
Fall Creators Update | 2017-10-17  | 16299  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2019-04-09)  | Redstone 3  | IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7, ARM64  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2020-10-13)  | Education, Enterprise
April 2018 Update | 2018-04-30  | 17134  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2019-11-12)  | Redstone 4  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2021-05-11)  | Education, Enterprise
October 2018 Update | 2018-10-02  | 17763  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2020-11-10)  | Redstone 5  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2021-05-11)  | Education, Enterprise
On extended support
(2029-01-09)  | Enterprise LTSC
May 2019 Update | 2019-05-21  | 18362  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2020-12-08)  | 19H1  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education,
Education, Enterprise
November 2019 Update | 2019-11-12  | 18363  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2021-05-11)  | 19H2  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2022-05-10)  | Education, Enterprise
May 2020 Update | 2020-05-27  | 19041  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2021-12-14)  | 20H1  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education,
Education, Enterprise
October 2020 Update | 2020-10-20  | 19042  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2022-05-10)  | 20H2  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2023-05-09)  | Education, Enterprise
May 2021 Update | 2021-05-18  | 19043  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2022-12-13)  | 21H1  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education,
Education, Enterprise
November 2021 Update | 2021-10-16  | 19044  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2023-06-13)  | 21H2  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2024-06-11)  | Education, Enterprise
Mainstream support
(2027-01-12)  | Enterprise LTSC
2022 Update | 2022-10-18  | 19045  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2025-10-14);
paid Extended Security Updates (ESU) program, which offers continued security updates until October 13, 2026 for consumers, or at most October 10, 2028 for businesses and schools.  | 22H2  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Education, Enterprise
Windows Server 2016 | 2016-10-12  | 10.0  | 14393  | N/A  | On extended support
(2027-01-12)  | Redstone Server  | x86-64 | Essentials, Standard,
Datacenter,
MultiPoint Premium,
Storage Standard,
Storage Workgroup  | Server
Windows Server 2019 | 2018-10-03  | 10.0  | 17763  | N/A  | On extended support
(2029-01-09)  | Redstone 5 Server  | x86-64 | Essentials, Standard,
Datacenter  | Server
Windows Server 2022 | 2021-08-18  | 10.0  | 20348  | N/A  | Mainstream support (2026-10-13)
Extended support (2031-10-14)  | 21H2 Server  | x86-64 | Essentials, Standard,
Datacenter,
Datacenter for Azure | Server
Windows 11 | Original Release | 2021-10-05  | 10.0  | 22000  | N/A  | Unsupported
(2023-10-10)  | Sunvalley (21H2)  | x86-64, ARM64  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education, SE  | Desktop,
Workstation,
Multi-touch
Unsupported
(2024-10-08)  | Education, Enterprise
2022 Update | 2022-09-20  | 22621  | 22H2  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education, SE
Unsupported
(2025-10-14)  | Education, Enterprise
2023 Update | 2023-10-31  | 22631  | Unsupported
(2025-11-11)  | 23H2  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education, SE
Supported
(2026-11-10)  | Education, Enterprise
2024 Update | 2024-10-01  | 26100  | Supported
(2026-10-13)  | 24H2  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education, SE
Supported
(2027-10-12)  | Education, Enterprise
2025 Update  | 2025-09-30  | 26200  | Supported
(2027-10-12)  | 25H2  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Supported
(2028-10-10)  | Education, Enterprise
26H1  | 2026-02-10  | 28000  | Supported
(2028-03-14)  | 26H1  | Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Supported
(2029-03-13)  | Education, Enterprise
Windows Server 2025 | 2024-11-01  | 10.0  | 26100  | N/A  | Mainstream support (2029-10-09)
Extended support (2034-10-10)  | 24H2  | x86-64, ARM64  | Essentials, Standard,
Datacenter,
Datacenter for Azure  | Server
Name  | Release date  | Version  | RTM build  | Latest build  | Support status  | Codename, working name  | Supported architectures  | Editions  | OS type

^N has also an N-edition
^K has also an N-edition
^KN has also an N-edition
^x64 has a separate x64-edition
^Core has also a Core-edition
^wHV has also an edition without HyperV
^CwHV has also a Core-edition without HyperV

### Windows Embedded Compact

Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) is a discontinued variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE was a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is supported on Intel x86 and is compatible on MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH processors.

Name  | Release date  | RTM build  | Current version  | Support status  | Codename  | Based on (kernel)  | Kernel type  | Operating environments  | Editions  | Purpose  | Short description

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows CE 1.0  | 1996-11-16  |  |  | Unsupported  | Pegasus, Alder  | CE 1.0  |  |  |  | Embedded  | First release of Microsoft's Windows CE line for minimalistic computers and embedded systems
Windows CE 2.0  | 1997-11-29  |  |  | Unsupported  | Mercury, Apollo  | CE 2.0  |  |  | 2.1, 2.11  | Embedded  |
Windows CE 3.0  | 2000-06-15  |  |  | Unsupported
(2007-10-09)  | Cedar, Galileo, Rapier, Merlin, Stinger  | CE 3.0  | Embedded kernel |  |  | Embedded  |
Windows CE 4.0  | 2002-01-07  |  |  | Unsupported  | Talisker  | CE 4.0  |  |  | 4.1, 4.2  | Embedded  |
Windows CE 5.0 | 2004-07-09  |  | 5.0
(2004-07-09)  | Unsupported
(2014-10-14)  | Macallan  | CE 5.0  | Embedded kernel |  |  | Embedded  |
Windows Embedded CE 6.0 | 2006-11-01  |  |  | Unsupported
(2018-04-10)  | Yamazaki  | CE 6.0  | Hybrid kernel |  |  |  |
Windows Embedded Compact 7 | 2011-03-01  | ?  | ?  | Unsupported
(2021-04-13)  | Chelan  | CE 7.0  | Hybrid | ?
Standard, POSReady  |  |
Windows Embedded Compact 2013  | 2013-08-11  |  | Update 17
(2017-11-15)  | Unsupported
(2023-10-10)  | N/A  | CE 8.0  |  |  | Standard
Industry (8.0, 8.1)
Handheld  | Embedded  |

### Windows IoT

The Windows IoT family is the successor to the now-discontinued Windows Embedded family.

Name  | Release date  | Version  | RTM build  | Editions  | License  | OS type  | Support status

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows 10 IoT  | Anniversary Update  | 2016-08-02  | NT 10.0  | 14393  | Core  | OEM  | IoT  | Unsupported
(2018-04-10)[3]
Enterprise  | Unsupported
(2019-04-09)[4]
Enterprise LTSB  | On extended support
(2026-10-13)[5]
Creators Update  | 2017-04-11  | 15063  | Core  | Unsupported
(2018-10-09)[3]
Enterprise  | Unsupported
(2019-10-08)[4]
Fall Creators Update  | 2017-10-17  | 16299  | Core  | Unsupported
(2019-04-09)[3]
Enterprise  | Unsupported
(2020-10-13)[4]
April 2018 Update  | 2018-04-30  | 17134  | Core  | Unsupported
(2019-11-12)[3]
Enterprise  | Unsupported
(2021-05-11)[4]
October 2018 Update  | 2018-10-02  | 17763  | Core  | Unsupported
(2020-11-10)[3]
Enterprise  | Unsupported
(2021-05-11)[4]
Core LTSC, Enterprise LTSC  | On extended support
(2029-01-09)[6][7]
May 2019 Update  | 2019-08-29  | 18362  | Enterprise  | Unsupported
(2020-12-08)[4]
November 2019 Update  | 2019-11-12  | 18363  | Unsupported
(2022-05-10)[4]
May 2020 Update  | 2020-05-27  | 19041  | Unsupported
(2021-12-14)[4]
October 2020 Update  | 2020-10-20  | 19042  | Unsupported
(2023-05-09)[4]
May 2021 Update  | 2021-05-18  | 19043  | Unsupported
(2022-12-13)[4]
November 2021 Update  | 2021-11-16  | 19044  | Enterprise  | Unsupported
(2024-06-11)[4]
Enterprise LTSC  | On extended support (2032-01-13)[8]
2022 Update  | 2022-10-18  | 19045  | Enterprise  | Unsupported
(2025-10-14)[4]
Windows Server IoT 2019  | 2019-02-26[9] | NT 10.0  | 17763  | Essentials, Standard, Datacenter,
Storage Standard,
Storage Workgroup,
Telecommunications  | OEM  | IoT, Server  | On extented support
(2029-01-09)[10][11]
Windows Server IoT 2022  | NT 10.0  | 20348  | Standard, Datacenter,
Storage Standard,
Storage Workgroup,
Telecommunications  | OEM  | IoT, Server  | Supported
(2031-10-14)[13]
Windows 11 IoT  | Original Release  | 2021-10-04  | NT 10.0  | 22000  | Enterprise  | OEM  | IoT  | Unsupported
(2024-10-08)[14]
2022 Update  | 2022-09-20  | 22621  | Unsupported
(2025-10-14)[15]
2023 Update  | 2023-10-31  | 22631  | On extended support
(2026-11-10)[16]
2024 Update  | 2024-10-01  | 26100  | Supported
(2027-10-12)
2025 Update  | 2025-09-30  | 26200  | Supported
(2028-10-10)
Windows Server IoT 2025  | 2024-11-01[17] | NT 10.0  | 26100  | Standard, Datacenter  | OEM  | IoT, Server  | Supported
(2034-10-10)[18]
Name  | Release date  | Version  | RTM build  | Editions  | License  | OS type  | Support status

### Windows Mobile

Windows Mobile is Microsoft's discontinued line of operating systems for smartphones.

Name  | Release date  | RTM build  | Current version  | Support status  | Codename  | Based on (kernel)  | Supported architectures

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows Pocket PC 2000  | 2000-04-19  |  |  | Unsupported
(2007-10-09)  | Rapier  | CE 3.0  |
Windows Pocket PC 2002  | 2001-10-04  |  |  | Unsupported
(2008-10-14)  | Merlin  | CE 3.0  |
Windows Mobile 2003  | 2003-06-23  |  |  | Unsupported
(2014-07-08)  | Ozone  | CE 4.20  |
Windows Mobile 5.0  | 2005-05-9/12  |  |  | Unsupported
(2015-10-13)  | Magneto  | CE 5.0  |
Windows Mobile 6.0  | 2007-02-12  |  |  | Unsupported
(2013-01-08)  | Crossbow  | CE 5.2  |
Windows Mobile 6.1  | 2008-04-01  |  |  |  |  |
Windows Mobile 6.5  | 2009-05-11  |  |  |  |  |

### Windows Phone

Windows Phone is Microsoft's discontinued line of operating systems for smartphones.

Name  | Release date  | RTM build  | Current version  | Support status  | Codename  | Based on (kernel)  | Supported architectures

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows Phone 7 | 2010-11-08  | 7004  | 7.10.8862  | Unsupported  | Photon  | CE 6.0  | ARM
Windows Phone 7.5  | 2011-09-27  | 7720  | Unsupported  | Mango  | CE 6.1  | ARM
Windows Phone 7.8  | 2013-02-01  | 8858  | Unsupported
(2014-10-14)  | Tango  | CE 6.1  | ARM
Windows Phone 8 | 2012-10-29  | 10211  | 10.0.10586  | Unsupported
(2014-07-08)  | Apollo, Portico  | NT 6.2
Windows Phone 8.1 | 2014-04-14  | 12359  | Unsupported
(2017-07-11)  | Blue  | NT 6.3  | ARM
Windows 10 Mobile | 2015-11-08  | 10586–16299  | Unsupported  | Threshold, Redstone  | NT 10.0  | ARM

## Technical information

### DOS shells

Template:Sort-under

Name  | Architecture  | Integrated firewall  | SMP support  | USB support  | UDMA support  | LFN support  | Update management  | APIs  | Safe Mode

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows 1.0 | x86 16-bit  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Win16  | No
Windows 2.0 | x86 16-bit  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Win16  | No
Windows 2.1x | x86 16-bit  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Win16  | No
Windows 3.0 | x86 16-bit  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Win16  | No
Windows 3.1x | x86 16-bit (partial 32-bit compatibility through Win32s)  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Win16, Win32s  | No

### Windows 9x

Name  | Kernel  | Kernel type  | Architecture  | Integrated firewall  | SMP support  | USB support  | UDMA support  | LFN support  | Update management  | APIs  | DDIs  | Safe Mode  | DirectX

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows 95 | MS-DOS 7.0 (Win95, Win95A), MS-DOS 7.1 (Win95B, Win95C)  | Monolithic kernel  | x86, hybrid 16/32-bit  | No  | No  | Partial (OSR 2.1/2.5 only)[19] | Partial (OSR 2.x only)[20] | Yes  | Partial(OSR 2.5 only, Windows Update only supports Internet Explorer 4)  | Win16, Win32  | DOS, DLL, VxD, WDM (USB-only), direct-access  | Yes  | N/A (RTM/OSR1)
2.0a (OSR2/2.1)
5.0 (OSR2.5)
8.0a (optional)
Windows 98 | MS-DOS 7.1  | Monolithic kernel  | x86, hybrid 16/32-bit  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Windows Update | Win16, Win32  | DOS, DLL, VxD, WDM (partial), direct-access  | Yes  | 5.2
9.0c (Oct 2006) (optional)
Windows 98 Second Edition  | MS-DOS 7.1  | Monolithic kernel  | x86, hybrid 16/32-bit  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Windows Update | Win16, Win32  | DOS, DLL, VxD, WDM (partial), direct-access  | Yes  | 6.1a
9.0c (Oct 2006) (optional)
Windows Me | MS-DOS 8.0  | Monolithic kernel  | x86, hybrid 16/32-bit  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Windows Update | Win16, Win32  | DLL, VxD, WDM (partial), direct-access  | Yes  | 7.1
9.0c (Oct 2006) (optional)

It is possible to install the MS-DOS variants 7.0 and 7.1 without the graphics user interface of Windows. If an independent installation of both, DOS and Windows is desired, DOS ought to be installed prior to Windows, at the start of a small partition. The system must be transferred by the (dangerous) "SYSTEM" DOS-command, while the other files constituting DOS can simply be copied (the files located in the DOS-root and the entire COMMAND directory). Such a stand-alone installation of MS-DOS 8 is not possible, as it is designed to work as real mode for Windows Me and nothing else.

### Windows NT

The Windows NT kernel powers all recent Windows operating systems. It has run on IA-32, x64, DEC Alpha, MIPS architecture, PowerPC, Itanium, ARMv7, and ARM64 processors, but currently supported versions run on IA-32, x64, ARMv7, and ARM64. Template:Sort-under

Name  | Architecture  | Store  | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | SMP support  | USB support  | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Long filename support  | Package management  | Update management  | APIs  | DDIs  | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Data Execution Prevention  | DirectX

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows NT 3.1 | IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS | N/A  | No  | Yes  | No  | ?  | Yes (NTFS and HPFS volumes only)  | N/A  |  | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | DLL, KMD  | No  | No  | No
Windows NT 3.5 | IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS | N/A  | No  | Yes  | No  | ?  | Yes (except on CDFS volumes)  | N/A  |  | Win32, OS/2, POSIX  | DLL, KMD  | No  | No  | No
Windows NT 3.51 | IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC | N/A  | No  | Yes  | No  | ?  | Yes (except on CDFS volumes)  | N/A  |  | Win32, OS/2, POSIX  | DLL, KMD  | No  | No  | No
Windows NT 4.0 | IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC | N/A  | No  | Yes  | Partial (with third-party device drivers)[21] | Yes  | Yes  | N/A  | Windows Update (if Internet Explorer 5 or later is installed)  | Win32, OS/2, POSIX  | DLL, KMD  | No  | No  | Yes
3.0a,
5.0 (unofficial)
Windows 2000 | IA-32 | N/A  | No  | Yes  | Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP4)[22] | Yes  | Yes  | N/A  | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, OS/2, POSIX  | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF  | Yes  | No  | Yes
7.0,
9.0c (Feb 2010) (optional)
Windows XP | IA-32 (NT5.1), Itanium (NT5.1/5.2), x64 (NT5.2)  | N/A  | Yes  | Yes (Professional Edition only)  | Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP1+)[23] | Yes  | Yes  | N/A  | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, .NET | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1  | Yes  | Yes (in SP2)  | Yes
9.0c
Windows Server 2003 | IA-32, Itanium, x64  | N/A  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (USB 2.0)[24] | Yes  | Yes  | N/A  | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32  | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1  | Yes  | Yes (with SP1)  | Yes
9.0c
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | IA-32 | N/A  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | N/A  | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32  | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
9.0c
Windows Vista | IA-32, x64  | Windows Marketplace | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (USB 2.0)  | Yes  | Yes  | N/A  | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, .NET, POSIX (only Enterprise and Ultimate)  | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
10.1
11.0 (optional)
Windows Server 2008 | IA-32, Itanium, x64  | N/A  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (USB 2.0)  | Yes  | Yes  | N/A  | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32  | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
10.1
11.0 (optional)
Windows Home Server | IA-32 | N/A  | ?  | Yes  | Yes (USB 2.0)  | ?  | Yes  | N/A  | Windows Update | Win32  | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1  | ?  | ?  | Yes
9.0c
Windows 7 | IA-32, x64  | N/A  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (USB 3.0)  | Yes  | Yes  | N/A  | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, .NET | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
11.0
11.1 (optional)
Windows Server 2008 R2 | Itanium, x64  | N/A  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (USB 3.0)  | Yes  | Yes  | N/A  | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, .NET | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
11.0
11.1 (optional)
Windows Home Server 2011  | x64  | N/A  | ?  | Yes  | Yes (USB 3.0)  | ?  | Yes  | N/A  | Windows Update | Win32  | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1  | ?  | ?  | Yes
11.0
11.1 (optional)
Windows Server 2012 | x64  | Windows Store | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (USB 3.0)  | Yes  | Yes  | Windows Store | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, .NET, WinRT  | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
11.1
Windows 8 | IA-32, x64  | Windows Store | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (USB 3.0)  | Yes  | Yes  | Windows Store | Windows Update, WSUS | Win32, .NET, WinRT  | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
11.1
Windows 8.1 | IA-32, x64  | Windows Store | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (USB 3.0)  | Yes  | Yes  | Windows Store, PowerShell | Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store | Win32, .NET, WinRT  | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
11.2
Windows Server 2012 R2  | x64  | Windows Store | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (USB 3.0)  | Yes  | Yes  | Windows Store | Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store | Win32, .NET, WinRT  | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
11.2
Windows 10 | IA-32, x64  | Windows Store | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (USB 3.1 and Thunderbolt 3)  | Yes  | Yes  | Windows Store, PowerShell | Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store | Win32, .NET, WinRT, Linux | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes

Windows Server 2016 | x64  | Windows Store | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (USB 3.1 and Thunderbolt 3)  | Yes  | Yes  | Windows Store | Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store | Win32, .NET, WinRT  | DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes

### Windows Phone

Name  | Architecture  | Integrated firewall  | SMP support  | USB support  | UDMA support  | Package management  | APIs

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows Phone 8 | ARMv7  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (USB 2.0)  | Yes  | Windows Phone Store  | Silverlight
Windows Phone 8.1 | ARMv7  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Windows Phone Store  | Silverlight
WinRT
Windows 10 Mobile | ARMv7  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Microsoft Store

## Supported file systems

Various versions of Windows support various file systems, including:FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, HPFS, or NTFS, along with network file systems shared from other computers, and the ISO 9660 and UDF file systems used for CDs, DVDs, and other optical disc drives such as Blu-ray. Each file system is usually limited in application to certain media, for example CDs must use ISO 9660 or UDF, and as of Windows Vista, NTFS is the only file system which the operating system can be installed on. Windows Embedded CE 6.0, Windows Vista Service Pack 1, and Windows Server 2008 onwards support exFAT, a file system more suitable for USB flash drives.

### Windows 9x

| FAT12  | FAT16  | FAT32  | HPFS  | ISO 9660  | NTFS  | UDF

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows 95 | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (OSR2 or above)  | Network Drive  | Yes  | Network Drive  | No
Windows 98 | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Network Drive  | Yes  | Network Drive  | Yes (1.5, read)
Windows Me | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Network Drive  | Yes  | Network Drive  | Yes (1.5, read)

### Windows NT

| FAT12  | FAT16  | FAT32  | HPFS  | ISO 9660  | NTFS  | exFAT  | UDF | ReFS

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows NT 3.1, 3.5, 3.51 | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes v1.0/v1.1  | No  | ?  | No
Windows NT 4.0 | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Partial  | Yes  | Yes v1.2  | No  | ?  | No
Windows 2000 | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes v3.0  | No  | Yes  | No
Windows XP | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes v3.1  | Optional  | Yes (2.01)  | No
Windows Server 2003 | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes v3.1  | Optional  | Yes  | No
Windows Vista | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes v5  | Yes  | Yes (2.6)  | No
Windows Server 2008 | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes v5  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Windows 7 | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes v5  | Yes  | Yes (2.6)  | Yes
Windows Server 2008 R2 | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes v5  | Yes  | Yes (2.6)  | Yes
Windows Server 2012 | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes v5  | Yes  | Yes (2.6)  | Yes
Windows 8 | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes v5  | Yes  | Yes (2.6)  | No
Windows 8.1 | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes v5  | Yes  | Yes (2.6)  | Yes
Windows Server 2012 R2  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes v5  | Yes  | Yes (2.6)  | Yes
Windows 10 | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes v5  | Yes  | Yes (2.6)  | Yes
Windows Server 2016 | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes v5  | Yes  | Yes (2.6)  | Yes

### Windows Phone

| FAT12  | FAT16  | FAT32  | HPFS  | ISO 9660  | NTFS  | UDF (More Info) | ReFS

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows Phone 8 | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | Yes v5  | ?  | No
Windows Phone 8.1 | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | Yes v5  | ?  | No
Windows 10 Mobile | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | Yes v5  | ?  | ?

## Hardware requirements

Installing Windows requires an internal or external optical drive, or a USB flash drive. A keyboard and mouse are the recommended input devices, though some versions support a touchscreen. For operating systems prior to Vista, an optical drive must be capable of reading CD media, while in Windows Vista onwards, such a drive must be DVD-compatible. The drive may be detached after installing Windows.

### Windows 9x

| CPU  | RAM  | Free disk space

|
|
|

Windows 95 | 386  | 4 MB | 120 MB
Windows 98 | 486 DX2 66 MHz | 16 MB  | 300 MB
Windows Me (Millennium Edition)  | Pentium 150 MHz  | 32 MB  | 400 MB

### Windows NT

Version  | CPU  | RAM  | Free disk space  | Video adapter and monitor

|
|
|
|

Minimum  | Recommended
Windows NT 3.51 Workstation  | 386, 25 MHz  | 8 MB  | 16 MB  | 90 MB  | VGA (640x480)
Windows NT 4.0 Workstation  | 486, 33 MHz  | 12 MB  | ?  | 110 MB
Windows 2000 Professional  | 133 MHz  | 32 MB  | 128 MB  | 650 MB
Windows XP | 233 MHz  | 64 MB  | 128 MB  | 1.5 GB | Super VGA (800x600)
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | 500 MB
Windows XP 64-Bit Edition  | 700 MHz Itanium[25] | 1 GB[25] | ?  | 6 GB[25]
Windows Server 2003 | 1 GHz (x86) or 1.4 GHz (x64)  | 128 MB  | 256 MB  | 2 GB (x86)
4 GB (x64)
Windows Vista | 800 MHz  | 384 MB (Starter)
512 MB (others)[26] |2 GB  | 15 GB
(~6.5 GB for OS)  | Super VGA (800x600)
WDDM & DirectX 9 for Aero
Windows Server 2008 | 1 GHz (x86) or 1.4 GHz (x64)  | 2 GB  | 10 GB
Windows 7 | 1 GHz  | 1 GB (x86)
2 GB (x64)  | 4 GB  | 16 GB (x86)
20 GB (x64)
(~6.5 GB for OS)
Windows Server 2012 | 1.4 GHz (x86-64)  | 512 MB  | 1 GB  | 10 GB  | Super VGA (800x600), 32-bit color
Windows 8 | 1 GHz  | 1 GB (x86)
2 GB (x64)  | 4 GB  | 16 GB (x86)
20 GB (x64)
(~6.5 GB for OS)  | Super VGA (800x600), 32-bit color
1024 x 768 for Windows Store apps
1366 x 768 to snap apps
Windows 8.1
Windows 10 | 1 GHz or faster processor or SoC | 1 GB (x86)
2 GB (x64)  | 4 GB  | 16 GB (x86)
20 GB (x64)  | Super VGA (800x600), 32-bit color
Windows Server 2016 | 1.4 GHz 64-bit processor  | 512 MB ECC memory
2 GB with Desktop Experience installed[27] | depends on role  | 32 GB
(~10 GB for OS)  | XGA (1024 x 768)
Windows Server 2019 | 1.4 GHz 64-bit processor  | 512 MB ECC memory
2 GB with Desktop Experience installed[27] | depends on role  | 32 GB  | XGA (1024 x 768)
Windows Server 2022 | 1.4 GHz 64-bit processor  | 512 MB ECC memory
2 GB with Desktop Experience installed[28] | depends on role  | 32 GB  | XGA (1024 x 768)
Windows Server 2025 | 1.4 GHz 64-bit processor  | 512 MB ECC memory
2 GB with Desktop Experience installed[28] | 4 GB with Desktop Experience installed  | 32 GB  | XGA (1024 x 768)
Windows 11 | 64-bit 1 GHz or faster processor or SoC with two or more cores  | 4 GB  | 8-16 GB  | 64 GB
(~10 GB for OS)  | 720p greater than 9" diagonally, 32-bit color

### Windows Phone

Version  | CPU  | RAM  | Free disk space  | Video adapter and monitor

|
|
|
|

Minimum  | Recommended
Windows Phone 7 | 0.8 GHz  | 256 MB  | N/A  | 4 GB  | Wide VGA (800 × 480)
Windows Phone 8 | 1 GHz  | 512 MB  | N/A  | 8 GB  | Wide VGA (800 × 480)
Windows Phone 8.1 | 1 GHz  | 512 MB  | N/A  | 4 GB  | Wide VGA (800 × 480)
Windows 10 Mobile | 1 GHz  | 1 GB  | 2 GB  | 8 GB  | Wide VGA (800 × 480)

## Physical memory limits

Maximum limits on physical memory (RAM) that Windows can address vary depending on both the Windows version and between IA-32 and x64 versions.[29][30]

### Windows

Operating system  | Limit on Real Mode  | Limit on Standard Mode  | Limit on Enhanced Mode

|
|
|

4.0.a Windows 1.0x

| 640 KB  | N/A  | N/A
4.0.a Windows 2.0x

| 640 KB  | N/A  | 16MB
4.0.a Windows 2.1x

| 640 + 64 KB  | N/A  | 16MB
4.0.a Windows 3.0x

| 640 + 64 KB  | 16MB  | 16MB
4.0.a Windows 3.1x

| N/A  | 256MB[31] | 256MB[31]
4.0.a Windows 95

| N/A  | N/A  | 944MB[32]
4.0.a Windows 98

| N/A  | N/A  | 1GB
4.0.a Windows ME

| N/A  | N/A  | 1.5GB

### Windows NT

Operating system | Limit on IA-32 | Limit in IA-64 | Limit on x64  | Limit on ARM32  | Limit on ARM64

|
|
|
|
|

4.0.a Windows NT 3.1  | 4 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
4.0.a Windows NT 3.5  | 4 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
4.0.a Windows NT 3.51  | 4 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
4.0.a Windows NT 4.0  | 4 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
5.0.b Windows 2000 Professional/Server  | 4 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
5.0.c Windows 2000 Advanced Server  | 8 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
5.0.d Windows 2000 Datacenter  | 32 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
5.1.a Windows XP Starter  | 0.5 GB 512 MB

| N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
5.1.b Windows XP Home  | 4 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
5.1.c Windows XP Professional  | 4 GB  | 128 GB | 128 GB  | N/A  | N/A
5.1.sp0.w Windows Server 2003 RTM Web  | 2 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
5.1.sp0.x Windows Server 2003 RTM Standard/Small Business  | 4 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
5.1.sp0.y Windows Server 2003 RTM Enterprise/Datacenter  | 64 GB  | 512 GB | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
5.1.sp0.z Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003

| N/A  | 32 GB  | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
5.1.sp1.a Windows Server 2003 R1/SP1 Standard

| 4 GB  | N/A  | 32 GB  | N/A  | N/A
5.1.sp1.b Windows Server 2003 R1/SP1 Enterprise/Datacenter

| 64 GB  | 1024 GB 1 TB

| 1024 GB 1 TB

| N/A  | N/A
5.1.sp2.a Windows Server 2003 R1/SP2 Standard

| 4GB  | N/A  | 32 GB  | N/A  | N/A
5.1.sp2.b Windows Server 2003 R1/SP2 Enterprise/Datacenter

| 64 GB  | 2048 GB 2 TB

| 1024 GB 1 TB

| N/A  | N/A
5.2.sp1.a Windows Server 2003 R2/SP1 Standard  | 4 GB  | N/A | 32 GB  | N/A  | N/A
5.2.sp1.b Windows Server 2003 R2/SP1 Enterprise/Datacenter  | 64 GB  | N/A | 1024 GB 1 TB

| N/A  | N/A
6.0.a Windows Vista Starter  | 1 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
6.0.b Windows Vista Home Basic  | 4 GB  | N/A | 8 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.0.c Windows Vista Home Premium  | 4 GB  | N/A | 16 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.0.f Windows Vista Business/Enterprise/Ultimate  | 4 GB  | N/A | 128 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.0.v Windows Home Server | 4 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
6.0.w Windows Server 2008 Web Server/Standard/Small Business  | 4 GB  | N/A | 32 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.0.x Windows HPC Server 2008 | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 128 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.0.y Windows Server 2008 Enterprise/Datacenter  | 64 GB  | N/A | 1024 GB 1 TB

| N/A  | N/A
6.0.z Windows Server 2008 for Itanium–Based Systems

| N/A  | 2048 GB 2 TB

| N/A  | N/A  | N/A
6.1.a Windows 7 Starter  | 2 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
6.1.b Windows 7 Home Basic  | 4 GB  | N/A | 8 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.1.c Windows 7 Home Premium  | 4 GB  | N/A | 16 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.1.f Windows 7 Professional/Enterprise/Ultimate  | 4 GB  | N/A | 192 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.1.w Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 8 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.1.x Windows Server 2008 R2 Web Server/Standard  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 32 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.1.y Windows HPC Server 2008 R2  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 128 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.1.z Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise/Datacenter  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 2048 GB 2 TB

| N/A  | N/A
6.1.z Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium–Based Systems

| N/A  | 2048 GB 2 TB

| N/A  | N/A  | N/A
6.2.a Windows 8

(Core)||4 GB

| N/A | 128 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.2.b Windows 8 Pro/Enterprise  | 4 GB  | N/A | 512 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.2.c Windows RT

| N/A  | N/A  | N/A  | 4 GB  | N/A
6.2.z Windows Server 2012 Standard/Datacenter  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 4096 GB 4 TB

| N/A  | N/A
6.2.z Windows Storage Server 2012 Standard  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 4096 GB 4 TB

| N/A  | N/A
6.2.z Windows Storage Server 2012 Workgroup  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 32 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.2.z Hyper-V Server 2012  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 4096 GB 4 TB

| N/A  | N/A
6.3.a Windows 8.1 (Core)  | 4 GB  | N/A | 128 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.3.b Windows 8.1 Pro/Enterprise  | 4 GB  | N/A | 512 GB  | N/A  | N/A
6.3.c Windows RT 8.1

| N/A  | N/A  | N/A  | 4 GB  | N/A
7.a Windows 10 Mobile  | 4 GB  | N/A | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
7.b Windows 10 Home  | 4 GB  | N/A | 128 GB  | 4 GB  | 128 GB
7.c Windows 10 Pro  | 4 GB  | N/A | 2048 GB 2 TB

| 4 GB  | 2048 GB 2 TB

7.d Windows 10 Pro for Workstations

| 4 GB  | N/A  | 6144 GB 6 TB

| 4 GB  | 6144 GB 6 TB

7.d Windows 10 Education  | 4 GB  | N/A | 2048 GB 2 TB

| 4 GB  | 2048 GB 2 TB

7.e Windows 10 Enterprise  | 4 GB  | N/A | 6144 GB 6 TB

| 4 GB  | 6144 GB 6 TB

8.x Windows Server 2016 Essentials  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 64 GB 64 GB

| N/A  | N/A
8.y Windows Server 2016 Standard  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 24576 GB 24 TB

| N/A  | N/A
8.z Windows Server 2016 Datacenter  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 24576 GB 24 TB

| N/A  | N/A
9.a Windows Server 2019 Essentials  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 64 GB 64 GB

| N/A  | N/A
9.b Windows Server 2019 Standard  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 24576 GB 24 TB

| N/A  | N/A
9.c Windows Server 2019 Datacenter  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 24576 GB 24 TB

| N/A  | N/A
9.x Windows Server 2022 Essentials  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 64 GB 64 GB

| N/A  | N/A
9.y Windows Server 2022 Standard  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 24576 GB 24 TB

| N/A  | N/A
9.z Windows Server 2022 Datacenter  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 24576 GB 24 TB

| N/A  | N/A
10.a Windows 11 Home  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 128 GB  | N/A  | 128 GB
10.b Windows 11 Pro  | data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/A  | N/A | 2048 GB 2 TB

| N/A  | 2048 GB 2 TB

10.c Windows 11 Pro for Workstations

| N/A  | N/A  | 6144 GB 6 TB

| N/A  | 6144 GB 6 TB

10.d Windows 11 Education

| N/A  | N/A  | 2048 GB 2 TB

| N/A  | 2048 GB 2 TB

10.e Windows 11 Enterprise

| N/A  | N/A  | 6144 GB 6 TB

| N/A  | 6144 GB 6 TB

## Security features

| Resource access control  | Subsystem isolation mechanisms  | Integrated firewall  | Encrypted file systems  | Defender  | Windows Hello

|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows 2000 | ACLs  |  | TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec  | Yes (NTFS only)  | No  | No
Windows XP | ACLs  | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects  | Windows Firewall (from SP2), TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec  | Yes (NTFS only)  | Optional  | No
Windows Server 2003 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC  | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects  | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec  | Yes  | Optional  | No
Windows Vista | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC  | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects  | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Windows Server 2008 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC  | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects  | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Windows 7 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC  | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects  | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Windows Server 2012 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC  | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects  | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Windows 8 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC  | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects  | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Windows Server 2012 R2  | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC  | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects  | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Windows 8.1 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC  | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects  | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Windows 10 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC  | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects  | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Windows Server 2016 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC  | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects  | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes

## Features

Version  | Shell  | Visual styles | Browser  | Web server  | Windows Media Player | Command-line interpreter

|
|
|
|
|
|

Windows 1.0 | MS-DOS executive  | (Unnamed)  | N/A  | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
Windows 2.0 | MS-DOS executive  | (Unnamed)  | N/A  | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
Windows 3.0 | Program Manager | (Unnamed)  | N/A  | N/A  | 3.0 (Multimedia Extension edition only)  | N/A
Windows 3.1x | Program Manager | (Unnamed)  | N/A  | N/A  | 3.1  | N/A
Windows 95 | Windows shell | Classic | Internet Explorer 1 in OEM RTM
Internet Explorer 2 in OSR1
Internet Explorer 3 in OSR2 and OSR2.1
Internet Explorer 4 in OSR2.5  | N/A  | 4.0  | COMMAND.COM
Windows NT 4.0 | Windows shell | Classic | Internet Explorer 2
Internet Explorer 3 (in some localized editions)  | PWS | 4.0  | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe
Windows 98 | Windows shell | Classic | Internet Explorer 4.01  | PWS | 4.0  | COMMAND.COM
Windows 98 SE | Windows shell | Classic | Internet Explorer 5 | PWS | 4.0  | COMMAND.COM
Windows 2000 | Windows shell | Classic | Internet Explorer 5.01  | IIS 5.0  | 5.0 and 6.4 (side by side)  | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe
Windows Me | Windows shell | Classic | Internet Explorer 5.5  | N/A  | 6.4 and 7.0 (side by side)  | COMMAND.COM
Windows XP | Windows shell | Luna (default), Classic | Internet Explorer 6 | IIS 5.1  | 5.1, 6.4 and 8 (in RTM)
5.1, 6.4 and 9 (in SP2)  | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell (optional)
Windows Server 2003 | Windows shell | Classic (default), Luna | Internet Explorer 6  | IIS 6.0  | 9 (in RTM), 10 (in SP1)  | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell (optional)
Windows Vista | Windows shell | Aero (default), Classic | Internet Explorer 7 | IIS 7  | 11  | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell (optional)
Windows Server 2008 | Windows shell, Server Core | Classic (default), Aero (via "Desktop Experience")  | Internet Explorer 7  | IIS 7  | 11 (enabled by installing "Desktop Experience")  | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell (optional)
Windows 7 | Windows shell | Aero (default), Classic | Internet Explorer 8 | IIS 7.5  | 12  | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell 2.0
Windows Server 2008 R2 | Windows shell, Server Core | Classic (default), Aero (via "Desktop Experience")  | Internet Explorer 8  | IIS 7.5  | 12 (via "Desktop Experience")  | cmd.exe,
PowerShell 2.0
Windows Server 2012 | Windows shell, Server Core | Metro | Internet Explorer 10 | IIS 8  | 12 (via "Desktop Experience")  | cmd.exe,
PowerShell 3.0
Windows 8 | Windows shell | Metro | Internet Explorer 10  | IIS 8  | 12  | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell 3.0
Windows Server 2012 R2  | Windows shell, Windows server core  | Metro | Internet Explorer 11 | IIS 8.5  | 12 (via "Desktop Experience")  | cmd.exe,
PowerShell 4.0
Windows 8.1 | Windows shell | Metro | Internet Explorer 11  | IIS 8.5  | 12  | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell 4.0
Windows 10 | Windows shell | Metro | Internet Explorer 11
Microsoft Edge | IIS 10.0  | 12  | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell 5.0
Windows Server 2016 | Windows shell, Windows server core  | Metro | Internet Explorer 11
Microsoft Edge  | IIS 10.0  | 12 (via "Desktop Experience")  | cmd.exe,
PowerShell 5.1
Windows Server 2019 | Windows shell, Windows server core  | Metro | Internet Explorer 11
Microsoft Edge  | IIS 10.0  | 12 (via "Desktop Experience")  | cmd.exe,
PowerShell 5.1
Windows Server 2022 | Windows shell, Windows server core  | Metro | Internet Explorer 11
Microsoft Edge  | IIS 10.0  | 12 (via "Desktop Experience")  | cmd.exe,
PowerShell 5.1
Windows 11 | Windows shell | Mica  | Internet Explorer 11(Hidden)
Microsoft Edge | IIS 10.0  | 12 (2022)  | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell v.1

## Timeline

Main article: Timeline of Microsoft Windows

Template:Timeline Windows

## See also

### Other lists

* List of Microsoft Windows versions
* List of operating systems
* Comparison of operating systems
* Comparison of operating system kernels
* Comparison of Windows Vista and Windows XP
* Microsoft Windows version history
* Comparison of DOS operating systems
* Architecture of Windows NT
* List of Microsoft codenames

### Windows clones and emulators

* Freedows OS–Windows clone
* ReactOS–project to develop an operating system that is binary compatible with application software and device drivers for Microsoft Windows NT version 5.x
* Wine–compatibility layer which allows to execute programs that were originally written for Microsoft Windows

## References

1. ↑ "Product Lifecycle Dates-Windows Product Family". Archived from the original on 2004-06-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20040611115848/http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=fh;[ln];LifeWin. Retrieved 2021-08-24.
2. ↑ "Windows NT 3.5 for PowerPC". 9 November 1994. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210812185248/https://archive.org/details/NT3.5PPC.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Windows 10 IoT Core - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201118131838/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-10-iot-core. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 "Windows 10 IoT Enterprise - Microsoft Lifecycle". https://docs.microsoft.com/lifecycle/products/windows-10-iot-enterprise. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
5. ↑ "Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSB 2016 - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220323021158/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-10-iot-enterprise-ltsb-2016. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
6. ↑ "Windows 10 IoT Core LTSC - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on March 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220310123231/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-10-iot-core-ltsc. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
7. ↑ "Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSC 2019 - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211116211215/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-10-iot-enterprise-ltsc-2019. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
8. ↑ "Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSC 2021 - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211116205137/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-10-iot-enterprise-ltsc-2021. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
9. ↑ "Microsoft announces latest Windows IoT innovations for intelligent edge devices at Embedded World". 26 February 2019. Archived from the original on February 26, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190226125404/https://blogs.Windows.com/windowsexperience/2019/02/26/microsoft-announces-latest-Windows-iot-innovations-for-intelligent-edge-devices-at-embedded-world.
10. ↑ "Windows Server IoT 2019 - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220323022009/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-iot-2019. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
11. ↑ "Windows Server IoT 2019 for Storage - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220323021613/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-iot-2019-for-storage. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
12. ↑ "Announcing the GA of Windows Server IoT 2022". https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/internet-of-things-blog/windows-server-iot-2022-now-generally-available/ba-p/2703521. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
13. ↑ "Windows Server IoT 2022 - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on October 6, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211006093212/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-iot-2022. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
14. ↑ "Windows 11 IoT Enterprise (Version 21H2) - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on October 5, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211005154705/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-11-iot-enterprise-version-21h2. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
15. ↑ "Windows 11 IoT Enterprise - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220922102719/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-11-iot-enterprise. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
16. ↑ "Windows 11 IoT Enterprise - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231101001611/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-11-iot-enterprise. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
17. ↑ "Announcing the General Availability of Windows Server IoT 2025!". https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/iotblog/announcing-the-general-availability-of-Windows-server-iot-2025/4286803. Retrieved November 30, 2024.
18. ↑ "Windows Server IoT 2025 - Microsoft Lifecycle". https://docs.microsoft.com/lifecycle/products/windows-server-iot-2025. Retrieved November 30, 2024.
19. ↑ "Availability of Universal Serial Bus Support in Windows 95". Microsoft Support. Archived from the original on December 10, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20051210031834/support.microsoft.com/kb/253756.
20. ↑ "How to Enable Direct Memory Access (DMA)". Microsoft Support. Archived from the original on June 27, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060627023357/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/258757/.
21. ↑ "Windows NT 4.0 does not support Universal Serial Bus". Microsoft Support. November 2004. Archived from the original on September 6, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20050906233914/http://support.microsoft.com/?id=196661.
22. ↑ "Updated USB 2.0 Drivers Are Available in Windows 2000 Service Pack 4 (SP4)". Microsoft Support. Archived from the original on October 29, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061029083255/support.microsoft.com/kb/819332. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
23. ↑ Jones, Don (August 5, 2002). "USB 2.0 Support in Windows XP:High Speed at Last". Microsoft. Archived from the original on December 31, 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20041231055938/http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/networking/learnmore/jones_02august05.mspx. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
24. ↑ "USB 2.0 and Windows Operating Systems". Windows Hardware Development. May 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 3, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110303061912/msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/hardware/gg463432.aspx. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 "Release Notes for Windows XP 64-Bit Edition Setup". Microsoft. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070210063143/https://support.microsoft.com/kb/306856. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
26. ↑ "Windows Vista Starter Fact Sheet". Microsoft. January 2007. Archived from the original on March 7, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070307082537/microsoft.com/presspass/newsroom/windows/factsheets/WinVistaStarterFS.mspx.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "System Requirements" (in en-us). Archived from the original on June 27, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170627013821/docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/get-started/system-requirements. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "Hardware requirements for Windows Server". Archived from the original on August 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210821122950/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/get-started/hardware-requirements. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
29. ↑ "What is the maximum amount of RAM the Windows operating system can handle?". Crucial. Archived from the original. Error: If you specify `|archiveurl=`, you must also specify `|archivedate=`. https://web.archive.org/web/20110511193445/http://www.crucial.com/kb/answer.aspx?qid=3743. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
30. ↑ "Memory Limits for Windows and Windows Server Releases". Microsoft. Archived from the original on May 5, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080505054809/msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa366778(VS.85).aspx. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Q84388: Windows 3.1 Memory Limits". December 15, 2022. https://jeffpar.github.io/kbarchive/kb/084/Q84388/.
32. ↑ "Windows 95/98 error "Insufficient memory to initialize Windows" - IBM IntelliStation M Pro (Type 6889)". December 15, 2022. https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/windows-9598-error-insufficient-memory-initialize-Windows-ibm-intellistation-m-pro-type-6889.

## External links

| Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Basic Computing Using Windows

|

* Official website
* Time line from Microsoft

* v
* t
* e

Microsoft Windows family

* Components
* History
* Timeline
* Criticism

DOS-based|

* Windows 1.0
* Windows 2.0
* Windows 2.1x
* Windows 3.0
* Windows 3.1x

Windows 9x|

* Windows 95 (Development)
* Windows 98
* Windows Me

Windows NT|

* Windows NT 3.1
* Windows NT 3.5
* Windows NT 3.51
* Windows NT 4.0
* Windows 2000

Client versions|

* Windows XP
* editions
* x64
* Media Center
* Fundamentals
* Development of XP
* Windows Vista
* editions
* Development of Vista
* Windows 7
* editions
* Windows 8
* editions
* RT
* 8.1
* Windows 10
* editions
* version history

Windows Server|

* Server 2003
* Home Server
* Server 2008
* EBS 2008
* HPC Server 2008
* Server 2008 R2
* Home Server 2011
* Server 2012
* Server 2012 R2
* Server 2016
* Server 2019
* MultiPoint Server
* Server Essentials

Specialized|

* Windows Preinstallation Environment

Windows Embedded|

* Embedded Compact
* CE 5.0
* Embedded CE 6.0
* Embedded Compact 7
* Embedded Automotive
* Embedded Industry

Windows Mobile|

* Pocket PC 2000
* Pocket PC 2002
* Mobile 2003
* Mobile 5.0
* Mobile 6.0
* Mobile 6.1
* Mobile 6.5

Windows Phone|

* Phone 7
* Phone 8
* Phone 8.1
* Windows 10 Mobile

Cancelled|

* Cairo
* Nashville
* Neptune
* Odyssey

Related|

* New features
* XP
* Vista
* 7
* 8
* 10
* Removed features
* XP
* Vista
* 7
* 8
* 10
* Criticism of Windows
* XP
* Vista
* 8
* 10

* List of versions
* Comparison
*   * Category

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