Comparison of file transfer protocols

Short description: none

For file sharing software, see Comparison of file-sharing applications. For file synchronization software, see Comparison of file synchronization software.

This article lists communication protocols that are designed for file transfer over a telecommunications network.

Protocols for shared file systems—such as 9P and the Network File System—are beyond the scope of this article, as are file synchronization protocols.

## Contents

* 1 Protocols for packet-switched networks
* 1.1 Overview
* 1.2 Features
* 1.3 Ports
* 2 Serial protocols
* 2.1 Overview
* 2.2 Features
* 3 See also
* 4 Notes
* 5 References
* 6 Further reading

## Protocols for packet-switched networks

A packet-switched network transmits data that is divided into units called packets. A packet comprises a header (which describes the packet) and a payload (the data). The Internet is a packet-switched network, and most of the protocols in this list are designed for its protocol stack, the IP protocol suite.

They use one of two transport layer protocols: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). In the tables below, the "Transport" column indicates which protocol(s) the transfer protocol uses at the transport layer. Some protocols designed to transmit data over UDP also use a TCP port for oversight.

The "Server port" column indicates the port from which the server transmits data. In the case of FTP, this port differs from the listening port. Some protocols—including FTP, FTP Secure, FASP, and Tsunami—listen on a "control port" or "command port", at which they receive commands from the client.

Similarly, the encryption scheme indicated in the "Encryption" column applies to transmitted data only, and not to the authentication system.

### Overview

Color key: International standard Internet Standard Proposed Standard Internet Draft Protocol | Original author | First published | Protocol suite | Standard | Refs

|
|
|
|
|

Full name | Abbreviation
Background Intelligent Transfer Service | BITS | Microsoft | 2001 | N/A | No | [1]
CCSDS File Delivery Protocol | CFDP |  | 2002 | N/A | ISO 17355:2007 (v4)
CCSDS 727.0-B-5 |
Cross File Transfer | CFT |  |  | N/A | No |
Fast and Secure Protocol | FASP | Ying Xu, Michelle Munson, Serban Simu | 2007 | N/A | No | [2]
File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport | FLUTE | Internet Society | 2004 | N/A | RFC 6726 | [3]
File Service Protocol | FSP | Wen-King Su | 1991 | N/A | No | [4][5]
File Transfer Access and Management | FTAM |  | 1988 |  | ISO 8571-4:1988 |
FTP Secure | FTPS | Internet Society | 1997 | Internet protocol suite | RFC 2228, 4217 | [6][7]
HTTP Secure | HTTPS | Taher Elgamal et al. | 1995 | Internet protocol suite | RFC 9110 | [8][9]
Host Unix Linkage File Transfer | HULFT | ? | 1993 | N/A | No |
Micro Transport Protocol | μTP | Ludvig Strigeus, Greg Hazel, Stanislav Shalunov, Arvid Norberg, Bram Cohen | 2007 | N/A | No | [10][11]
Multicast Dissemination Protocol | MDP |  | 1993 |  | No |
Multicast File Transfer Protocol | MFTP | C. Kenneth Miller et al. | 1995 | N/A | IETF Draft (1998) | [12]
NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol | NORM |  | 2000 |  | RFC 5740 |
Odette File Transfer Protocol | OFTP | Organisation for Data Exchange by Tele Transmission in Europe | 1986 | X.25 | RFC 6726 | [13]
Odette File Transfer Protocol 2 | OFTP2 | Organisation for Data Exchange by Tele Transmission in Europe | 2007 | X.25, Internet protocol suite | RFC 5024 | [14]
Reliable Blast UDP | RBUDP | Eric He et al. | 2002 | N/A | No | [15]
Secure copy | SCP | Tatu Ylönen | 1995 | Secure Shell | No | [16]
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol | S-HTTP | IETF Web Transaction Security Working Group | 1999 | N/A | RFC 2660 | [17]
Simple Asynchronous File Transfer | SAFT | Ulli Horlacher | 1995 | N/A | No | [18][19]
Simple File Transfer Protocol | SFTP | Mark K. Lottor | 1984 | N/A | RFC 913 | [20]
SSH file transfer protocol | SFTP | Tatu Ylönen | 1997 c. 1997  | Secure Shell | IETF Draft (2006) | [21]
T.127 | T.127 | ITU[22] | 1995 [23] | N/A | ITU T.127 |
Trivial File Transfer Protocol | TFTP | Noel Chiappa | 1980 | Internet protocol suite | RFC 1350 | [24]
Tsunami UDP Protocol | Tsunami | Mark Meiss et al. | 2002 | N/A | No | [25][26]
Tus open protocol for resumable file uploads | tus | Felix Geisendörfer, Marius Kleidl et al. | 2014 | N/A | No | [27][28]
UDP-based Data Transfer Protocol | UDT | Yunhong Gu | 2004 | N/A | No |
UDP-based File Transfer Protocol | UFTP | Dennis Bush | 2001 | N/A | No | [29]
Unix-to-Unix Copy | UUCP | Mike Lesk | 1979 | N/A | No |
Warp Speed Data Transfer | WDT | Laurent Demailly et al. | 2015 | N/A | No | [30]

### Features

The "Managed" column indicates whether the protocol is designed for managed file transfer (MFT). MFT protocols prioritise secure transmission in industrial applications that require such features as auditable transaction records, monitoring, and end-to-end data security. Such protocols may be preferred for electronic data interchange.[31]

Protocol | Encryption
(data) | Transfer
resuming | Multicast
capable | Managed | Refs

|
|
|
|
|

BITS | Optional TLS / AES-128[lower-alpha 1] | Yes | No | No |
CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) |

{{{1}}}

| Yes | No | No |
Cross File Transfer (CFT) | TLS / SSL |  |  |  | Yes [32][33]
Ether File Transfer Protocol (EFTP) | None | ? | No | No | [34]
Fast and Secure Protocol (FASP) | AES-256 / AES-192 / AES-128 | Yes | No |  | [35][36][37]
File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) | Optional/Unspecified[lower-alpha 2] | No | Yes |  | [38][39][40]
File Service Protocol (FSP) | None | Yes | No | No | [41][42]
File Transfer Access and Management (FTAM) | ?[lower-alpha 3] |  |  |  | [43]
FTP Secure (FTPS) | TLS / SSL | Yes | No | No |
Host Unix Linkage File Transfer (HULFT) | AES | ? | No |  | [44][45][46][47]
Micro Transport Protocol (μTP) | None | Yes | Peer-to-peer | No | [10]
Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP) | None |  | Yes | Yes | [48][49]
Multicast File Transfer Protocol (MFTP) | None | Yes | Yes | No | [50][51]
NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (NORM) | IPsec |  | Yes | Yes | [52][53]
Odette File Transfer Protocol (OFTP) | None |  |  | Yes | [13]
Odette File Transfer Protocol 2 (OFTP2) | TLS |  |  | Yes | [14]
Remote copy (rcp) | None | No | No | No | [54]
Secure copy (SCP) | Secure Shell | No | No | No |
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (S-HTTP) | CMS / MOSS / other | No | No | No | [55]
Simple Asynchronous File Transfer (SAFT) | PGP | ? | No | No | [18][19][56]
Simple File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) | None | Yes | No | No | [57]
SSH file transfer protocol (SFTP) | Secure Shell | Yes | No | No | [58]
T.127 | None | Yes | Yes | No | [59][60][61]
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) | None | No | No | No | [62]
Tsunami UDP Protocol | None | No | No | No | [63][64]
Tus open protocol for resumable file uploads (tus) | Optional/Unspecified[lower-alpha 4] | Yes | No | No | [27][28]
UDP-based Data Transfer Protocol (UDT) | Experimental | No | No | No | [64][65][66]
UDP-based File Transfer Protocol (UFTP) | AES-256 / AES-128 / 3DES / DES[lower-alpha 5] | Yes | Yes | No | [64][29][67]
Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP) | None | Some[lower-alpha 6] | No | No | [68][69]
Warp Speed Data Transfer (WDT) | AES-128 (OFB / CTR) | Yes | No | No | [70][71][72]

1. ↑ TLS when BITS is used with HTTPS, AES-128 when used with SMB 3, none with HTTP or SMB version below 3.0
2. ↑ RFC 6726 suggests IPSec as one option.
3. ↑ One implementation, Fujitsu openFT, applies AES.
4. ↑ It's recommended to use HTTPS provided by a webserver, proxy, or SSL terminator.
5. ↑ These are the options in the reference implementation, which uses OpenSSL.
6. ↑ The BNU implementation of UUCP can resume an interrupted file transfer.

Cite error: `<ref>` tag with name "a" defined in `<references>` is not used in prior text.

### Ports

In the table below, the data port is the network port or range of ports through which the protocol transmits file data. The control port is the port used for the dialogue of commands and status updates between client and server.

The column "Assigned by IANA" indicates whether the port is listed in the Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry, which is curated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). IANA devotes each port number in the registry to a specific service with a specific transport protocol. The table below lists the transport protocol in the "Transport" column.

Protocol | Data port | Control port | Assigned
by IANA | Assignee | Refs

|
|
|
|
|

Server | Client | Transport | Server | Client | Transport
BITS | 80/443[lower-alpha 1] / 137–139[lower-alpha 2] |  | TCP / UDP |  |  |  | No | N/A |
BitTorrent | 6881[lower-alpha 3] | 6881 | TCP | 6881 | 6881 | TCP | No | N/A | [73]
CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross File Transfer (CFT) | 1761[lower-alpha 4] |  | TCP / X.25 |  |  |  |  | [32][33] |
Ether File Transfer Protocol (EFTP) | N/A | N/A | None | N/A | N/A | None | N/A | N/A |
Fast and Secure Protocol (FASP) | ≥33001 |  | UDP | 22 |  | TCP | No | N/A | [73]
File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) | 4001 |  | UDP |  |  |  | No | N/A | [73]
File Service Protocol (FSP) | Chosen by user[lower-alpha 5] |  | UDP |  |  |  | No | N/A | [73]
File Transfer Access and Management (FTAM) | 4800 / 102 |  | TCP |  |  |  |  |  | [74]
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) | Active mode | 20 | 20 | TCP[lower-alpha 6] | 21 | ≥1024 | TCP | Yes | Jon Postel | [73]
Passive mode | ≥1024[lower-alpha 7] | ≥1024
FTP Secure (FTPS) | 989 |  | TCP | 990 |  | TCP | Yes | Christopher Allen | [73]
HTTP Secure (HTTPS) | 443 |  | TCP |  |  | TCP | Yes | IESG | [73]
Host Unix Linkage File Transfer (HULFT) | 30000 |  | TCP |  |  | TCP | No | N/A | [73]
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) | 80 |  | TCP |  |  | TCP | Yes | Tim Berners-Lee | [73]
Micro Transport Protocol (μTP) |  |  | UDP |  |  |  | No | N/A | [73]
Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP) | Chosen by user |  | UDP |  |  |  |  |  | [75][49]
Multicast File Transfer Protocol (MFTP) | 5402 |  | UDP |  |  |  | Yes | Steve Bannister | [73]
NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (NORM) |  |  | UDP |  |  |  |  |  | [52][53]
Odette File Transfer Protocol (OFTP) | 3305 |  | TCP / X.25 |  |  | TCP / X.25 |  |  | [13]
Odette File Transfer Protocol 2 (OFTP2) | 6619 |  | TCP / X.25 |  |  | TCP / X.25 |  |  | [14]
Reliable Blast UDP (RBUDP) | Chosen by user |  | UDP |  |  |  | No | N/A | [73]
Remote copy (rcp) | 514 |  | TCP |  |  | TCP | Yes |  | [73]
Secure copy (SCP) | 22 |  | TCP |  |  | TCP | Yes |  | [73]
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (S-HTTP) | 80 |  | TCP |  |  | TCP | No | N/A | [73]
Simple Asynchronous File Transfer (SAFT) | 487 |  | TCP |  |  |  | Yes | Ulli Horlacher | [73]
Simple File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) | 115 |  | TCP |  |  | TCP | Yes | Mark Lottor | [73]
SSH file transfer protocol (SFTP) | 22 |  | TCP |  |  | TCP | Yes |  | [73]
T.127 | 1503 |  | TCP |  |  | TCP | Yes | Jim Johnston | [73]
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) | 69 |  | UDP |  |  |  | Yes | David Clark | [73]
Tsunami UDP Protocol | Chosen by user |  | UDP |  |  | TCP | No | N/A | [73]
Tus open protocol for resumable file uploads (tus) | 80[lower-alpha 8] |  | TCP |  |  | TCP | No | N/A | [73]
UDP-based Data Transfer Protocol (UDT) | Chosen by server |  | UDP |  |  |  | No | N/A | [73]
UDP-based File Transfer Protocol (UFTP) | 1044 |  | UDP |  |  |  | No | N/A | [73]
Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP) | 540 |  | TCP |  |  | TCP | Yes |  | [73]
Warp Speed Data Transfer (WDT) | Chosen by server or by user |  | TCP |  |  | TCP | No | N/A | [73]

1. ↑ When used with HTTP/HTTPS, configurable
2. ↑ When used with SMB
3. ↑ Typically, if port 6881 is unavailable as a listening port, the peer incrementally tries 6882–6889. Another port may be specified in software.
4. ↑ 1761 is the default port, but 1761–1768 are allocated by IANA.
5. ↑ UDP port 21 is sometimes chosen for FSP.
6. ↑ FTP was originally designed for NCP, a protocol used on ARPANET before the advent of TCP. The TCP implementation of FTP was standardized in RFC 959.
7. ↑ The server listens on TCP port 21 (the control port), and the client sends commands to this port from a random port above 1023. To transfer data in active mode, the server initiates a connection from port 20 to the client at the randomly selected port number.

In passive mode, the client uses a random port above 1023 as a control port, and from this initiates file transfer. The server sends or receives data from a randomly selected port above 1023, and the client sends or receives data from one port number above its own randomly selected control port.
8. ↑ Can be chosen by user, but layers on top of HTTP(S) so often 80/443

## Serial protocols

A 9-pin to 25-pin RS-232 adapter cable

The following protocols were designed for serial communication, mostly for the RS-232 standard. They are used for uploading and downloading computer files via modem or serial cable (e.g., by null modem or direct cable connection). UUCP is one protocol that can operate with either RS-232 or the Transmission Control Protocol as its transport. The Kermit protocol can operate over any computer-to-computer transport: direct serial, modem, or network (notably TCP/IP, including on connections secured by SSL, SSH, or Kerberos). OBject EXchange is a protocol for binary object wireless transfer via the Bluetooth standard. Bluetooth was conceived as a wireless replacement for RS-232.

### Overview

Protocol | Author | First released | License | Description | Refs

|
|
|
|
|

BiModem | Erik Labs | 1989 |  | Bi-directional transfers. |
BLAST | Communications Research Group | 1981 |  | Powerful protocol originating on the Data General Nova minicomputer, and then ported to micros and mainframes. | [76]
C-MODEM | Lavio Pareschi | 1989 |  | Packet lengths from 32 to 4096 bytes, optional (but normally used) streaming mode. |
B protocol | CompuServe | 1981 |  | Offered file transfer as well as a command stream. |
JMODEM | Richard B. Johnson | ? |  | XMODEM derivative with blocks from 512 to 8192 bytes and RLE compression. |
HS/Link | Samuel H. Smith | 1991 |  |  | [77]
Kermit | Frank da Cruz et al. | 1981 | Open Source (BSD) as of 2011 | Transport- and platform-independent transfer of text and binary files across full- or half-duplex connections with conversion of text file formats and character sets. | [78]
LeechModem | Sam Brown | ? |  | Variations of X and Y that faked failed downloads in order to avoid BBS download quotas. |
Lynx | Matthew Thomas | 1989 |  | Similar to Kermit: 64-byte packets, 2 to 16 packets per window, CRC-32. Little or no support outside the Lynx program itself. |
NMODEM | L. B. Neal | 1990 |  | Essentially XMODEM-CRC with 2048 byte blocks. |
OBEX File Transfer Protocol | ? | ? |  | A synchronous file transfer protocol in the OBject EXchange (OBEX) Bluetooth profile. |
OBEX Push | ? | ? |  | An asynchronous file transfer protocol in the OBject EXchange (OBEX) Bluetooth profile. | [79]
Punter | Steve Punter | ? |  | Suite of similar-but-different XMODEM-like protocols for various Commodore machines. |
SEAlink | Thom Henderson | 1986 |  | A MODEM7/XMODEM-compatible protocol with sliding window support developed to avoid propagation delays in satellite transmissions and packet networks. | [80][81][82]
SMODEM | Arisoft | ? |  |  |
TMODEM | Mike Bryeans | ? |  |  |
UUCP | Mike Lesk | 1979 |  | Suite of protocols for copying files between Unix machines, used for many purposes including the distribution of email. Also allows commands to be sent, which led to the first internet worms. The file transfer protocol within UUCP is the "g" protocol. | [83]
MODEM7 | Mark M. Zeigler, James K. Mills | 1980 |  | Slight extension of XMODEM to add filename support and batch transfers. | [84]
XMODEM | Ward Christensen | 1977 | Public domain | Very simple protocol that saw widespread use and provided the pattern for many following protocols. | [85]
WXMODEM | Peter Boswell | 1986 | Public domain | Version of XMODEM with sliding windows for higher performance. | [86][87]
YMODEM | Chuck Forsberg | 1985 | Public domain | Series of optional expansions on XMODEM for higher performance. | [86]
ZMax | Mike Bryeans | 1991 c. 1991  |  | Modifications to ZMODEM to allow packets up to 32 kB in length. |
ZMODEM | Chuck Forsberg | 1986 | Public domain | Streaming protocol that forsakes XMODEM compatibility but offers a wide variety of new features and improved performance. Became almost universal on BBS systems in the early 1990s. | [86]

### Features

Protocol | Data block size
(bytes) | Data
compression | Error detection | Transfer
resuming | Bidirectional | Sliding window | Refs

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

BiModem |  |  |  |  | Yes |  |
BLAST | 84–1024+ | RLE | CRC | Yes | Yes | Yes | [88]
C-MODEM | 32–4096 |  | CRC | Yes |  |
B protocol | 128–2048 |  | CRC-32 / CRC-16 / 8-bit checksum | Yes |  | Yes |
JMODEM | 64–8192 | RLE |  |  |  |
HS/Link |  |  | CRC-32 | Yes | Yes |  |
Kermit | ≤9024 (negotiated) | RLE (run length encoding, negotiated) | Checksum or CRC-16 (negotiated) | Yes (binary files only, negotiated) | No | Over full-duplex only (negotiated) | [89]
LeechModem |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lynx |  | RLE | CRC-32 | Yes |  |  |
NMODEM | 2048 |  |  |  |  |  |
OBject EXchange |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Punter |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SEAlink |  |  |  | Yes |  | Yes |
SMODEM |  |  |  |  | Yes |  |
Tmodem |  |  |  | No |  |  |
UUCP "g" | ≤4096 | No |  | No |  |  | [90][91]
MODEM7 | 128 | No | Checksum |  |  | Stop-and-wait ARQ |
XMODEM | 128 | No | Checksum |  |  | Stop-and-wait ARQ |
WXMODEM | ≤512 |  |  |  |  | Yes |
YMODEM | 1024 | No | CRC-16 |  |  |  |
ZMax | ≤~32,768 |  | CRC-32 |  |  |  |
ZMODEM | 256 / 1024 | No | CRC-32 | Yes |  | Yes |

## See also

* Comparison of file-sharing applications
* Comparison of file synchronization software
* Comparison of distributed file systems
* Lists of network protocols
* List of TCP and UDP port numbers
* List of backup software
* AS2
* Software:Connect:Direct
* Files transferred over shell protocol (FISH)
* Pragmatic General Multicast
* Sendfile
* Waarp

## Notes

1. ↑ "Background_Intelligent Transfer Service". 25 May 2021. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/bits/background-intelligent-transfer-service-portal.
2. ↑ Ying Xu, Michelle Christine Munson, Serban Simu, "Method and system for aggregate bandwith control [sic]", US patent 20090063698, issued 30 May 2017, assigned to Aspera, Inc.and IBM
3. ↑ Paila, Toni; Luby, Michael; Lehtonen, Rami; Roca, Vincent; Walsh, Rod (October 2004), FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport, IETF, doi:10.17487/RFC3926, RFC 3926, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3926, retrieved 2018-03-07
4. ↑ Petersen, Julie K., ed (2002). "File Service Protocol". The Telecommunications Illustrated Dictionary (2nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 357. ISBN 978-1-4200-4067-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=YH_LBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA357.
5. ↑ "File Service Protocol (FSP) Frequently Asked Questions [Part 2/2"]. 21 July 1995. Section: "Who writes and maintains FSP software?". http://www.faqs.org/faqs/fsp-faq/part2/.
6. ↑ Horowitz, M.; Lunt, S. (October 1997), FTP Security Extensions, IETF, doi:10.17487/RFC2228, RFC 2228, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2228, retrieved 2018-03-03
7. ↑ Ford-Hutchinson, Paul (October 2005), Securing FTP with TLS, IETF, doi:10.17487/RFC4217, RFC 4217, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4217, retrieved 2018-03-03
8. ↑ Sliwa, Carol (31 May 1999). "Secure Sockets Layer". Computerworld: 69. https://books.google.com/books?id=KQMeZfQuVxoC&pg=PT37. Retrieved 2018-03-01.
9. ↑ Hickman, Kipp E. B. (April 1995), The SSL Protocol, IETF, I-D draft-hickman-netscape-ssl-00, https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hickman-netscape-ssl-00, retrieved 2018-03-01
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Norberg, Arvid (22 June 2009). "uTorrent transport protocol". http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0029.html.
11. ↑ Klinker, Eric (16 May 2010). "Eric Klinker Presentation at Emerging Communication Conference & Awards 2010 America § Status of uTP". eCommConf. https://www.slideshare.net/eCommConf/eric-klinker-presentation-at-emerging-communication-conference-awards-2010-america/11.
12. ↑ C. Kenneth Miller, Thomas Andresen, Thomas Gardner, Craig Michelson, Kenneth Cates, Marc White, Kary Robertson, "System and method for sending packets over a computer network", S7710961 U S patent 7710961, issued 20 December 2011, assigned to Darby and Mohaine LLC
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Nash, David (September 1997), ODETTE File Transfer Protocol, IETF, doi:10.17487/RFC2204, RFC 2204, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2204, retrieved 2018-02-22
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Friend, Ieuan (November 2007), ODETTE File Transfer Protocol 2, IETF, doi:10.17487/RFC5024, RFC 5024, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5024, retrieved 2018-02-22
15. ↑ He, Eric; Leigh, Jason; Yu, Oliver; DeFanti, Thomas A. (September 2002). "Reliable Blast UDP: Predictable High Performance Bulk Data Transfer". IEEE Cluster Computing 2002. Chicago. pp. 317–24. OCLC 5942572037. https://www.evl.uic.edu/eric/papers/He-Cluster-02.pdf. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
16. ↑ Ylonen, Tatu (31 August 2017). "SSH: Secure Shell § History of the SSH Protocol". https://www.ssh.com/ssh/#sec-History-of-the-SSH-protocol.
17. ↑ Rescorla, Eric; Schiffman, Allan M. (August 1999), The Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol, IETF, doi:10.17487/RFC2660, RFC 2660, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2660, retrieved 2018-03-09
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Horlacher, Ulli. "SAFT / sendfile". https://fex.belwue.de/saft/.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Horlacher, Ulli. "sendfile(1)". http://manpages.org/sendfile.
20. ↑ Lottor (1984), pp. 1, 13
21. ↑ Ylönen, Tatu (30 September 2012). "Re: where are SFTP v0 - 2 defined?". secsh (Mailing list). Retrieved 9 March 2018. "I designed and implemented the original SFTP protocol for SSH 2.0 back around 1997. Sami Lehtinen did further development on it.

It was originally a proprietary protocol at SSH Communications Security (www.ssh.com), though source code was publicly available. It took a while [sic] before we wrote the draft and brought it to the IETF for standardization (seems to have been January 2001)."
22. ↑ "T.127: Multipoint binary file transfer protocol". ITU. https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.127.
23. ↑ "T.127 (08/95) Multipoint binary file transfer protocol". ITU. https://www.itu.int/rec/dologin_pub.asp?lang=e&id=T-REC-T.127-199508-S!!PDF-E&type=items.
24. ↑ Sollins, Karen R. (January 1980), The TFTP Protocol, IETF, IEN 133, https://tools.ietf.org/rfcmarkup?url=https://www.ietf.org/rfc/ien/ien133.txt, retrieved 2018-02-24
25. ↑ Wagner, Jan. "Tsunami UDP Protocol". Jon Wagner. https://tsunami-udp.sourceforge.net/.
26. ↑ "Research". Pervasive Technology Labs at Indiana University. Section: "Tsunami". http://anml.iu.edu/research.shtml?prim=lab_research.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 on GitHub
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "tus - resumable file uploads". https://tus.io.
29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Bush, Dennis. "Changes". Dennis Bush. https://uftp-multicast.sourceforge.net/Changes.txt.
30. ↑ "wdt: Releases". https://github.com/facebook/wdt/releases.
31. ↑ Villanueva, John Carl (17 February 2015). "Managed File Transfer and Network Solutions". JSCAPE. http://www.jscape.com/blog/oftp-odette-file-transfer-protocol.
32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Transfer CFT 3.2.4 Users Guide § Configuring Transfer CFT". Axway Software. https://docs.axway.com/bundle/TransferCFT_324_UsersGuide_allOS_en_HTML5/page/Content/UNIX/UNIX_operations/Running_CFT/cft_installation_test_in_tcp_mode.htm.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Transfer CFT 3.2.2 Local Administration Guide § Transport Security". Axway Software. https://docs.axway.com/bundle/Transfer_CFT_322_UsersGuide_LocalAdministration_allOS_en_HTML5/page/Content/architecture/intro_security.htm#Transport_Security.
34. ↑ "Printing at PARC—Appendix: Glossary of Terms § EFTP". 4 August 1978. http://xeroxalto.computerhistory.org/Indigo/Spruce/documents/PrintingAtParc.dm!1_/.appprinting.bravo.html. "A simple, PUP-oriented protocol, designed for file transmission from user programs to servers (especially printing servers). The server must acknowledge each packet before the next is sent. This protocol admits to compact implementation in user programs, offset by some redunction in bandwidth."
35. ↑ Pott, Trevor (1 October 2015). "Aspera high speed file transfer: Let the cloud protocol wars begin". https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/10/01/aspera/.
36. ↑ "FASP Security Model". Aspera. 2017. http://asperasoft.com/technology/transport/fasp/fasp-security-model/.
37. ↑ Campos, Andrea (2 June 2016). "Resuming file transfers with ascp". Aspera. https://support.asperasoft.com/hc/en-us/articles/216125578-Resuming-file-transfers-with-ascp.
38. ↑ Paila, Toni; Walsh, Rod; Luby, Michael; Roca, Vincent; Lehtonen, Rami (November 2012), FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport, IETF, doi:10.17487/RFC3926, RFC 3926, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3926, retrieved 2018-03-07
39. ↑ Peltotalo, Jani; Peltotalo, Sami; Harju, Jarmo. "Analysis of the FLUTE Data Carousel". Tampere University of Technology. p. 1. http://mad.cs.tut.fi/doc/Analysis_of_the_FLUTE_Data_Carousel_paper.pdf.
40. ↑ Peltotalo, Jani; Peltotalo, Sami; Harju, Jarmo; Walsh, Rod (June 2007). "Performance analysis of a file delivery system based on the FLUTE protocol". International Journal of Communication Systems 20 (6): 633. doi:10.1002/dac.835.
41. ↑ "File Service Protocol (FSP) Frequently Asked Questions v1.1". 19 August 1996. http://www.faqs.org/faqs/fsp-faq/part1/.
42. ↑ "Common Ports". Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4: Security Guide. Red Hat. 2005. http://web.mit.edu/rhel-doc/4/RH-DOCS/rhel-sg-en-4/ch-ports.html. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
43. ↑ "openFT v11.0: Setting Up a Connection to Customs (Atlas) with openFT FTAM". Fujitsu. 2010. p. 2. https://sp.ts.fujitsu.com/dmsp/Publications/public/dp-openft-connection-to-customs-atlas-em-en.pdf.
44. ↑ "The Incredible HULFT – My Favorite B2B Network Protocol". OpenText. 27 August 2009. http://www.gxsblogs.com/keifers/2009/08/the-incredible-hulft-my-favorite-b2b-network-protocol.html.
45. ↑ "9.4.1. HULFT § Overview". NTT Communications. https://ecl.ntt.com/en/documents/service-descriptions/rsts/hulft/hulft.html#id7.
46. ↑ "9.4.1. HULFT § HULFT 8 Cipher Option". NTT Communications. https://ecl.ntt.com/en/documents/service-descriptions/rsts/hulft/hulft.html#hulft-8-cipher-option.
47. ↑ "導入サービス" (in ja). Saison Information Systems. Section: "前提事項、その他". https://www.hulft.com/support/introduce.
48. ↑ Adamson, Brian; Macker, Joe. "Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP) Developer's Guide". United States Naval Research Laboratory. https://downloads.pf.itd.nrl.navy.mil/docs/mdp/MdpDevGuide.html.
49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "Multicast Dissemination Protocol History". United States Naval Research Laboratory. https://www.nrl.navy.mil/itd/ncs/products/mdp/history/.
50. ↑ Miller, Kenneth; Robertson, Kary; Tweedly, Alex; White, Marc (April 1998), StarBurst Multicast File Transfer Protocol (MFTP) Specification, IETF, p. 10, I-D miller-mftp-spec-03, https://tools.ietf.org/html/miller-mftp-spec-03, retrieved 2018-02-18
51. ↑ "StarBurst MFTP Compared to Today's File Transfer Protocols: A White Paper". StarBurst Communications. 1996. https://www.ics.uci.edu/~ejw/hidden/mftp.htm.
52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM)". United States Naval Research Laboratory. https://www.nrl.navy.mil/Our-Work/Areas-of-Research/Information-Technology/NCS/NORM/.
53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Adamson, Brian; Bormann, Carsten; Handley, Mark; Macker, Joe (November 2009), NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) Transport Protocol, IETF, doi:10.17487/RFC5740, RFC 5740, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5740, retrieved 2018-02-22
54. ↑ "Rlogin, RSH, and RCP". http://sourcedaddy.com/networking/rlogin-rsh-and-rcp.html.
55. ↑ Rescorla, Eric; Schiffman, Allan M. (August 1999), The Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol, IETF, doi:10.17487/RFC2660, RFC 2660, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2660, retrieved 2018-02-20
56. ↑ "Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry". Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. 21 February 2018. https://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xhtml?&page=9.
57. ↑ Lottor (1984), p. 10
58. ↑ Ylonen, Tatu (10 October 2017). "SFTP - SSH Secure File Transfer Protocol § SFTP Port Number". https://www.ssh.com/ssh/sftp/#sec-SFTP-Port-Number.
59. ↑ "ITU-T Rec. T.127 (08/2007) Multipoint binary file transfer protocol". International Telecommunication Union. 2008. p. 4. https://www.itu.int/rec/dologin_pub.asp?lang=e&id=T-REC-T.127-200708-I!!PDF-E&type=items.
60. ↑ "A Primer on the T.120 Series". DataBeam Corporation. 1997. pp. 2, 4. https://www.packetizer.com/ipmc/t120/primer/t120_primer.pdf.
61. ↑ "T.120: Multipoint Data Conferencing and Real Time Communication Protocols". Network Protocols Handbook (2 ed.). Javvin Technologies. January 2005. p. 137. ISBN 9780974094526. https://books.google.com/books?id=D_GrQa2ZcLwC&pg=PA137.
62. ↑ Sollins, Karen R. (July 1992), The TFTP Protocol (Revision 2), IETF, doi:10.17487/RFC1350, RFC 1350, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1350, retrieved 2018-02-22
63. ↑ "Tsunami UDP Protocol – Installation, Setup and Limitations". BluePi Consulting. 13 October 2015. https://www.bluepiit.com/blog/tsunami-udp-protocol-installation-setup-and-limitations/.
64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 Tkaczewski, John (18 June 2012). "Open Source Fast File Transfers". FileCatalyst. http://filecatalyst.com/open-source-fast-file-transfers/.
65. ↑ Valeros Bernardo, Danilo; Hoang, Doan B. (2010). "End-to-End Security Methods for UDT Data Transmissions". International Conference on Future Generation Information Technology. p. 383. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17569-5_38. ISBN 978-3-642-17569-5.
66. ↑ Valeros Bernardo, Danilo (2012). Network Security Mechanisms and Implementations for the Next Generation Reliable Fast Data Transfer Protocol—UDT (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). University of Technology Sydney. pp. 22, 91–102\. OCLC 830759422. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
67. ↑ "Encrypted UDP based FTP with multicast (UFTP)". 7 August 2016. https://wiki.wireshark.org/Protocols/uftp.
68. ↑ Reifschneider, Sean (8 January 2004). "Mobile Email with UUCP". O'Reilly Media. http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/onlamp/2004/01/09/uucp.html.
69. ↑ Ravin, Ed (1996). Using & Managing UUCP (2nd ed.). O'Reilly & Associates. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-56592-153-5.
70. ↑ WDT RocksDB Dec 16 2016. Laurent Demailly. 23 December 2016. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12. Retrieved 2018-02-23 - via YouTube.
71. ↑ Demailly, Laurent (17 October 2015). "Getting Started with the WDT command line". https://github.com/facebook/wdt/wiki/Getting-Started-with-the-WDT-command-line.
72. ↑ on GitHub
73. ↑ 73.00 73.01 73.02 73.03 73.04 73.05 73.06 73.07 73.08 73.09 73.10 73.11 73.12 73.13 73.14 73.15 73.16 73.17 73.18 73.19 73.20 73.21 73.22 73.23 73.24 73.25 "Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry". Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. 28 February 2018. https://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.txt.
74. ↑ "openFT v11.0: Setting Up a Connection to Customs (Atlas) with openFT FTAM". Fujitsu. 2010. p. 2. https://sp.ts.fujitsu.com/dmsp/Publications/public/dp-openft-connection-to-customs-atlas-em-en.pdf.
75. ↑ Adamson, Brian; Macker, Joe. "Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP) Developer's Guide". United States Naval Research Laboratory. https://downloads.pf.itd.nrl.navy.mil/docs/mdp/MdpDevGuide.html.
76. ↑ Magidson, Steve (15 May 1989). "Moving Files Can Be a BLAST". UNIX Today! (CMP Media). http://www.birds-of-the-air-press.com/bota/blast/unix_today.pdf.
77. ↑ "Samuel H. Smith". https://qodem.sourceforge.io/hslink/shsmith.htm.
78. ↑ da Cruz (1987) p. 3
79. ↑ "OBEX (Object Exchange) Protocol". Infrared Data Association. 2011. http://www.irdajp.org/irdajp.info/obex.html.
80. ↑ on GitHub
81. ↑ Held, Gilbert (1993). "SeaLink". Mastering PC Communications Software. Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 74.
82. ↑ Woggon, Michele (1995). "SeaLink". Telecommunications Using ProComm & ProComm Plus Made Easy. Prentice Hall. p. 34.
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84. ↑ Lucas, Jay (6 September 1982). "Freeware: Modem lets your computers communicate". InfoWorld (IDG): 53. https://books.google.com/books?id=CDAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA53. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
85. ↑ Glass (1988) p. 87
86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 Glass (1988) p. 89
87. ↑ Boswell, Peter (2007). How XModem, XModem CRC, and WXModem work. http://www.zoklet.net/totse/en/technology/telecommunications/wxmodem.html.
88. ↑ Magidson, Steve (15 May 1989). "Moving Files Can Be a BLAST". UNIX Today! (CMP Media). http://www.birds-of-the-air-press.com/bota/blast/unix_today.pdf.
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90. ↑ Wells, Nicholas (2003). "Using UUCP for Remote Access". Guide to Linux Installation and Administration. Course Technology. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-619-00094-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=jQE-iUCjUKAC&pg=PA140.
91. ↑ Taylor, Ian Lance. "UUCP 'g' Protocol". The FreeBSD Project. https://docs.freebsd.org/info/uucp/uucp.info.g_Protocol.html.

## References

* da Cruz, Frank (1987). Kermit: A File Transfer Protocol. Bedford: Digital Press. ISBN 978-0-932376-88-6. OCLC 751527576. https://archive.org/details/kermitfiletransf0000dacr.
* da Cruz, Frank (June 1986). "Kermit Protocol Manual". The Kermit Project. http://www.kermitproject.org/kproto.pdf.
* Glass, Brett (30 May 1988). "Xmodem Popular for Its Simplicity, Public Domain Status". InfoWorld.
* Lottor, Mark K. (September 1984), Simple File Transfer Protocol, IETF, doi:10.17487/RFC0913, RFC 913, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc913, retrieved 2018-03-01

## Further reading

* de Goyeneche, Juan-Mariano (20 March 1998). "Multicast Transport Protocols". Multicast over TCP/IP HOWTO. http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Multicast-HOWTO-9.html.
* He, Eric et al., "Reliable UDP Variants", Survey of Protocols and Mechanisms for Enhanced Transport over LONG FAT PIPES, pp. 6–11, https://www.globus.org/sites/default/files/Survey.pdf
* Kaplan, Ali (2009). "Literature Survey". Collaborative Framework for High-Performance P2P-based Data Transfer in Scientific Computing (DOCX) (Ph.D. thesis). Indiana University Bloomington. pp. 12–39\. ISBN 978-1-109-50327-2. OCLC 648765323.
* Kientzle, Tim (1995). The Working Programmer's Guide to Serial Protocols. Coriolis Group Books. ISBN 978-1-883577-20-9. OCLC 441637109.
* "About Kermit". The Kermit Project. http://kermitproject.org/kermit.html.
* "The Kermit Software Archive". The Kermit Project. http://kermitproject.org/archive.html.

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