DOSBox

DOSBox icon

DOSBox 0.74-3 opening screen

Original author(s)| Peter "Qbix" Veenstra, Sjoerd "Harekiet" van der Berg
Developer(s)| The DOSBox Team
Initial release| January 31, 2002; 24 years ago (2002-01-31)[1]
Stable release| 0.74-3 (June 26, 2019; 6 years ago (2019-06-26)[2][3]) [±]
Written in| C++
Operating system| BeOS, FreeBSD, Linux (Debian, Fedora, Gentoo), macOS, RISC OS, Solaris, Windows
Available in| English (but allows for alternative keyboard layouts)[4]
Type| Virtual machine, emulator
License| GPL-2.0-or-later[5]
Website| {{{1}}}

DOSBox is a free and open-source MS-DOS emulator. It supports running programs – primarily video games – that are otherwise inaccessible since hardware for running a compatible disk operating system (DOS) is obsolete and generally unavailable today.[6] It was first released in 2002, when DOS technology was becoming obsolete. Its adoption for running DOS games is relatively widespread; partially driven by its use in commercial re-releases of games.

## Contents

* 1 Development
* 2 Features
* 2.1 OS emulation
* 2.2 Hardware emulation
* 3 Reception
* 4 Usage
* 4.1 Forks
* 4.2 Commercial
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 6.1 Sources
* 7 External links

## Development

Before Windows XP, consumer-oriented versions of Windows were based on MS-DOS. Windows 3.0 and its updates were operating environments that ran on top of MS-DOS, and the Windows 9x series consisted of operating systems that were still based on MS-DOS.[7] These versions of Windows could run DOS applications. Conversely, the Windows NT operating systems were not based on DOS. A member of the series, Windows XP, debuted on October 25, 2001; this version of Windows became the first consumer-oriented version of Windows to not use DOS. Although Windows XP could emulate DOS, it could not run many of its applications as they ran only in real mode to directly access the computer's hardware, and Windows XP's protected mode prevented such direct access for security reasons.[8][9] MS-DOS continued to receive support until the end of 2001,[10] and all support for any DOS-based Windows operating system ended on July 11, 2006.[11]

The development of DOSBox began around the launch of Windows 2000—a Windows NT system[12]—when its creators,[13] Dutch programmers Peter Veenstra and Sjoerd van der Berg, discovered that the operating system had dropped much of its support for DOS software. The two knew of solutions at the time, but they could not run the applications in windowed mode or scale the graphics. The project was first uploaded to SourceForge and released for beta testing on July 22, 2002.[14]

## Features

DOSBox is a command-line program, configured either by a set of command-line arguments or by editing a plain text configuration file. For ease of use, several graphical front ends have been developed by the user community.[13]

While the DOSBox project hopes that one day the emulator will run all programs ever made for the PC, the goal is not yet reached,[15] and as of the latest version the primary focus has been on DOS gaming. The basic version does not support long filenames, most versions of DOS do not support them, and filenames must follow the 8.3 name.extension pattern: a maximum of 8 characters for the name and up to 3 characters for the extension. Otherwise, filenames will be altered to fit the pattern.[16][17]

There are versions available on the DOSBox website that support long filenames, at the cost of possible incompatibility with some older programs.[18] The focus of the vanilla version is on gaming, and features such as support for Ctrl-Break[19] may be missing.[20] Some of the alternative versions support features not present in the vanilla version such as APM power off, direct parallel port passthrough for printing, and support for East Asian characters.[18] Because DOSBox accesses the host computer's file system, there thus is a risk of DOS malware exploiting the emulator's security vulnerabilities and causing damage to the host machine, although these vulnerabilities continue to be patched with new DOSBox updates.[21]

Users can also capture screenshots and record videos of DOS sessions, although a codec is required to play the videos.[5] It is also possible to record OPL sound card and MIDI commands, as well as save sound output on a WAV file.[22] Keyboard keys and the buttons of a game controller can be mapped to other keys and combinations thereof.[23]

### OS emulation

DOSBox is a full-system emulator that provides BIOS interrupts[24] and contains its own internal DOS-like shell. This means that it can be used without owning a license to any real DOS operating system. Most commands that are found in COMMAND.COM are supported,[25] but many of the more advanced commands found in the latest MS-DOS versions are not.[26] In addition to its internal shell, it also supports running image files of games and software originally intended to start without any operating system.[25] Besides emulating DOS, users can also run Windows 3.0 and applications designed for it,[27] as well as versions of Windows within the Windows 9x family.[28]

When the DOSBox application is opened, it automatically mounts to a virtual, permanent[25] `Z:` drive that stores DOSBox commands and utilities.[29] The reasons for the virtual drive are related to security,[30] but the user can mount a different drive letter in the emulator to a directory, image file, floppy disk drive, or CD-ROM drive on the host to access its data. A configuration file and its AUTOEXEC section can be used to respectively configure DOSBox settings and execute DOS commands at startup.[25]

### Hardware emulation

DOSBox is capable of running DOS programs that require the CPU to be in real mode or protected mode.[31] Since DOSBox can emulate its CPU by interpretation, the environment it emulates is completely independent of the host CPU.[31] On systems which provide the x86, ARM, or other RISC instruction sets, however, DOSBox can use dynamic instruction translation to accelerate execution.[21][32] The emulated CPU speed of DOSBox is also manually adjustable by the user to accommodate the speed of the systems for which DOS programs were originally written.[33]

DOSBox uses the Simple DirectMedia Layer external library to handle graphics, audio, and input devices.[34] Graphically, it can use the DirectDraw or OpenGL APIs, and can also use bilinear interpolation and scale graphics for computers with modern displays.[35] Graphical emulation includes text mode, Hercules, CGA, EGA, VGA, VESA, S3 Trio 64,[36] and Tandy.[37] Sound emulation includes the PC speaker, AdLib, Gravis Ultrasound, Sound Blaster, Disney Sound Source, Tandy, and MPU-401. However, because DOSBox does not come packaged with Gravis Ultrasound drivers, they need to be installed separately for full support.[30][38]

DOSBox can simulate serial null modems using the TCP/IP protocol and IPX network tunneling, which allows for DOS multiplayer games using one of them to be played over local area networks or the Internet.[39] It can also simulate the PC joystick port, with limited options being to emulate one joystick with four axes and four buttons; one gamepad with two axes and six buttons; two joysticks each with two axes and two buttons; a Thrustmaster Flight Control System joystick that has three axes, four buttons, and a hat switch; and a CH Flightstick with four axes, six buttons that can be pressed only one at a time, and a hat switch. Newer joysticks and gamepads will need to use one of these configurations to function.[40][41]

## Reception

DOSBox has become the de facto standard for running DOS games.[13][42] Rock, Paper, Shotgun positively remarked on the project's continual reception of updates, its influence on PC gaming, and some front ends designed to facilitate using it.[43] Freelance writer Michael Reed lauded the quality of scaled graphics and the project's overall focus on compatibility and accurate emulation, but criticized the lack of both save states and user-friendly control over the emulator during runtime, even with the front ends available at the time of his review.[44] DOSBox was named SourceForge's Project of the Month in May 2009[14] and again in January 2013, making it the first project in the website's history to receive two Project of the Month awards.[45] On the SourceForge website, it reached 10 million downloads on July 21, 2008,[14] and was downloaded more than 25 million times as of October 2015.[46]

## Usage

Since January 2011, the developers of the Wine compatibility layer have integrated DOSBox into Wine to facilitate running DOS programs that are not supported natively by the Wine Virtual DOS machine.[47]

Since January 2015, the Internet Archive has added thousands of DOS games to its software library. As of October 2019[update], the DOS library contained 6,934 games.[48] The collection is provided for "scholarship and research purposes only".[49]

### Forks

* Em-DOSBox[50][51] uses Emscripten to convert the emulator's C++ code[52] to JavaScript, making the games playable in a web browser.[53]
* DOSBox-X[54][55] aims to be compatible with all pre-2000 DOS and Windows 9x based hardware scenarios.[56]
* DOSBox Staging[57] aims to be a modern continuation of DOSBox; with modern coding practices and advanced features.
* DOSBox Pure[58] is a libretro core that implements DOSBox, with some additional features such as state saving and rewind.
* jDOSBox[59][60] is a pure Java x86 emulator based on DOSBox. It was created to run all DOS games as well as DOSBox, but in the browser (before Java applets were discontinued). In addition, it will boot up Windows 95/98, Windows NT 4.0, Windows XP, ReactOS and some flavors of Linux such as DSL.[61]

### Commercial

DOSBox has also been both the most used DOS emulator and, because of the straightforward process of making the games work on modern computers,[62] the most popular emulation software for developers re-releasing legacy versions of their games.[63] id Software has used DOSBox to re-release vintage games such as Wolfenstein 3D and Commander Keen on Valve's Steam. In the process, it was reported they violated the program's license, the GNU GPL, by not packaging the license text; the breach, which was reported as an oversight, was promptly resolved.[64] Activision Blizzard has also used it to re-release Sierra Entertainment's DOS games.[65] LucasArts used it to rerelease Software:Star Wars: Dark Forces and Software:Star Wars: TIE Fighter for modern machines on Steam and GOG.com.[66] 2K Games producer Jason Bergman stated the company used DOSBox for Steam rereleases of certain installments of the XCOM series.[67] Bethesda Softworks has recommended DOSBox and provided a link to the DOSBox website on the downloads page for Software:The Elder Scrolls: Arena and Software:The Elder Scrolls II: Daggerfall.[68] It also included DOSBox with both games in The Elder Scrolls Anthology release.[69]

Electronic Arts' Origin client uses DOSBox for the platform's DOS games,[35] including Electronic Arts titles such as Syndicate[70] and SimCity 2000.[71]

## See also

* Tao ExDOS

## References

1. ↑ "DOSBox (old homepage)". https://dosbox.zophar.net/.
2. ↑ "/DOSBox/Files/dosbox". Software:SourceForge. The DOSBox Team. https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosbox/files/dosbox/.
3. ↑ "DOSBox 0.74-3 has been released!". The DOSBox Team. https://www.dosbox.com/news.php?show_news=1.
4. ↑ Manual 2019, 8. Keyboard Layout.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hietala, Otto (April 26, 2011). Developing a Game Engine With SDL (PDF) (Thesis). Kajaani University of Applied Sciences. p. 15\. urn:NBN:fi:amk-2011053010299. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
6. ↑ "DOSBox, an x86 emulator with DOS". https://www.dosbox.com/comp_list.php?letter=a.
7. ↑ Norton 2004, p. 286.
8. ↑ Hoffman, Chris (May 11, 2014). "PCs Before Windows: What Using MS-DOS Was Actually Like". How-To Geek. https://www.howtogeek.com/188980/pcs-before-windows-what-using-ms-dos-was-actually-like/.
9. ↑ Regan, Patrick (March 8, 2011). "Introduction to Windows 7 – The Road to Windows 7". MCTS 70-680 Exam Cram: Microsoft Windows 7, Configuring. Pearson Education. ISBN 9780132603201. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQCWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT49. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
10. ↑ Cowart, Robert; Knittel, Brian (December 2010). Microsoft Windows 7 in Depth (4th ed.). Que Publishing. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-7897-4199-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=S6ffBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA116. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
11. ↑ Thurrott, Paul (April 12, 2006). "Finally, Windows 98/Me Move Towards Retirement". ITPro Today. Informa. https://www.itprotoday.com/windows-78/finally-windows-98me-move-towards-retirement.
12. ↑ Norton 2004, p. 288.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Loguidice & Barton 2014, p. 103.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "Project of the Month, May 2009". https://sourceforge.net/blog/potm-200905/.
15. ↑ Manual 2019, NOTE.
16. ↑ Váša, Kryštof (2013). Modular Objective-C Run-Time Library (Thesis). Charles University. p. 84. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
17. ↑ Wright, Byron; Plesniarski, Leon (October 4, 2010). MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows 7 (Exam # 70-680). Cengage Learning. p. 201. ISBN 9781111309770. https://books.google.com/books?id=FsUnlOPIAdYC&pg=PA201. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "DOSBox Enhanced SVN builds". DOSBox. https://www.dosbox.com/wiki/SVN_Builds#Enhanced_SVN_builds.
19. ↑ Ramírez García, Aníbal (May 2012). Diseño e implementación de un Sistema Operativo para fines didácticos [Design and implementation of an Operating System for educational purposes] (PDF) (Thesis) (in español). Charles III University of Madrid. p. 168\. hdl:10016/15584. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
20. ↑ Wolf, Chris; Halter, Erick M. (November 3, 2006). Virtualization: From the Desktop to the Enterprise. Apress. p. 4. ISBN 1430200278. https://books.google.com/books?id=qXw9p1nzb9QC. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Bartel, Alexandre (October 24, 2019). DOS Software Security: Is there Anyone Left to Patch a 25-year old Vulnerability? (PDF) (Thesis). Hack.lu. p. 1–2, 18. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
22. ↑ Manual 2019, 5. Special Keys.
23. ↑ Manual 2019, 7. KeyMapper.
24. ↑ Black, Michael David; Komala, Priyadarshini (March 2011). "A full system x86 simulator for teaching computer organization". Proceedings of the 42nd ACM technical symposium on Computer science education. Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 365–366. doi:10.1145/1953163.1953272. ISBN 9781450305006.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Manual 2019, 4. Internal Programs.
26. ↑ Konstantelos, Leo (July 1, 2010). "Preservation of Dynamic & Interactive Content by use of Binary Translation and Virtualisation – a Methodology for Experimentation". Planets Project (Humanities Advanced Technology and Information Institute): 23. https://www.planets-project.eu/docs/reports/Planets_TB6-D1F_PA6-D12_BinaryTranslationAndVirtualisation.pdf. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
27. ↑ Loguidice & Barton 2014, p. 241.
28. ↑ Barbera, Diego (February 15, 2019). "Videogiochi vintage, i migliori emulatori per pc, Mac e Linux" (in it). Wired. https://www.wired.it/gadget/videogiochi/2019/02/15/migliori-emulatori-per-pc-mac-linux-videogiochi/. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
Drake, Nate (June 25, 2018). "How to get the Windows 98 experience on today's PCs". TechRadar. p. 3. https://www.techradar.com/how-to/how-to-get-the-windows-98-experience-on-todays-pcs/3.
29. ↑ Haines, Nathan (August 25, 2017). Beginning Ubuntu for Windows and Mac Users: Start your Journey into Free and Open Source Software. Apress. p. 131. ISBN 9781484230008. https://books.google.com/books?id=dsEyDwAAQBAJ. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Koldyrkaev, Nikolay (January 2008). "Apple Virtualization" (in ru). PC World (61): 36. https://archive.org/details/PC-World_Magazine_2008-01. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Qbix (2008-04-30). "Interview with Qbix" (Interview). Interviewed by Classic Dos Games. Archived from the original on February 1, 2020. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
32. ↑ Manual 2019, 10. How to speed up/slow down DOSBox.
33. ↑ Hoffman, Chris (2015-10-05). "How To Use DOSBox To Run DOS Games and Old Apps". https://www.howtogeek.com/104725/how-to-use-dosbox-to-run-dos-games-and-old-apps/.
34. ↑ Wolski, David (June 3, 2020). "DOS-Box: Spiele-Klassiker in Linux wiederbeleben" (in de). PC-Welt. https://www.pcwelt.de/ratgeber/DOS-Box-Spiele-Klassiker-in-Linux-wiederbeleben-1302385.html.
35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Bikoulis, Alexandros (October 2, 2018). "Flatrate-Gaming à la EA" (in de). PC Games Hardware: 112–113. https://www.pcgameshardware.de/Online-Spiele-Thema-121940/Specials/Origin-Access-Die-Gaming-Flatrate-1265561/. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
36. ↑ McDonough, Jerome; Olendorf, Robert; Kirschenbaum, Matthew; Kraus, Kari; Reside, Doug; Donahue, Rachel; Phelps, Andrew; Egert, Christopher et al. (August 31, 2010). ﻿Preserving Virtual Worlds Final Report﻿ (Report). University of Illinois. p. 77. https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/17097. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
37. ↑ Manual 2019, 3. Command Line Parameters.
38. ↑ Manual 2019, 2. Start (FAQ).
39. ↑ Castle, Alex (August 2010). "Run All Your Old Games Using DOSBox". Maximum PC: 67. https://archive.org/details/Maximum_PC_0810-web. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
40. ↑ Manual 2019, 6. Joystick/Gamepad.
41. ↑ Edwards, Benj (June 6, 2020). "How the Gravis PC GamePad Transformed PC Gaming in the '90s". How-To Geek. https://www.howtogeek.com/672716/how-the-gravis-pc-gamepad-transformed-pc-gaming-in-the-90s/.
42. ↑ Aamoth, Doug (May 9, 2014). "5 Great No-Fuss Sites for Finding Classic Computer Games". Time. https://time.com/91355/old-games/. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
43. ↑ Meer, Alec (May 28, 2009). "DOSBox, We Salute You". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2009/05/28/dosbox-we-salute-you/.
44. ↑ Reed, Michael (June 5, 2008). "DOSBox, a multiplatform PC emulator". Free Software Magazine. http://freesoftwaremagazine.com/articles/dosbox_multiplatform_pc_emulator/.
45. ↑ "Project of the Month, January 2013". https://sourceforge.net/community/potm-201301/.
46. ↑ Rosenthal, David S. H. (October 2015). ﻿Emulation & Virtualization as Preservation Strategies﻿ (Report). The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. https://www.mellon.org/news-blog/articles/emulation-virtualization-preservation-strategies/. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
47. ↑ Pošvic, Kamil (January 24, 2011). "Wine začíná implementovat DOSBox" (in cs). Root.cz. https://www.root.cz/zpravicky/wine-zacina-implementovat-dosbox/.
48. ↑ Carpenter, Nicole (October 15, 2019). "Nearly 7,000 games available in MS-DOS archive, including the original goose game". Polygon. https://www.polygon.com/2019/10/15/20915967/internet-archive-goose-game-ms-dos-archive.
49. ↑ "Internet Archive's Terms of Use, Privacy Policy, and Copyright Policy". 2014-12-31. https://archive.org/about/terms.php. "Access to the Archive’s Collections is provided at no cost to you and is granted for scholarship and research purposes only."
50. ↑ Machkovech, Sam (January 6, 2015). "Over 2,300 MS-DOS games now completely free to play at Internet Archive". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/01/over-2300-ms-dos-games-now-completely-free-to-play-at-internet-archive/.
51. ↑ Gjenero, Boris. "DOSBox ported to Emscripten". https://github.com/dreamlayers/em-dosbox.
52. ↑ Szűgyi, Zalán; Porkoláb, Zoltán (December 2013). "Comparison of DC and MC/DC code coverages". Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica (Eötvös Loránd University) 13 (4): 60. doi:10.15546/aeei-2013-0050. ISSN 1338-3957.
53. ↑ Kaltman, Eric; Osborn, Joseph; Wardrip-Fruin, Noah; Mateas, Michael (August 14–17, 2017). "Getting the GISST: A toolkit for the creation, analysis and reference of game studies resources". Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games. Association for Computing Machinery. p. 5. doi:10.1145/3102071.3102092. ISBN 978-1-4503-5319-9.
54. ↑ "DOSBox-X - Accurate DOS emulation for Windows, Linux, macOS, and DOS". https://dosbox-x.com/.
55. ↑ Campbell, Jonathan (18 December 2022). "joncampbell123/dosbox-x". https://github.com/joncampbell123/dosbox-x.
56. ↑ "DOSBox - Emulation General Wiki". https://emulation.gametechwiki.com/index.php/DOSBox#Notable_active_forks.
57. ↑ "DOSBox Staging". https://www.dosbox-staging.org.
58. ↑ "DOSBox Pure". https://github.com/schellingb/dosbox-pure.
59. ↑ "jDOSBox". https://github.com/Tennessene/jDOSBox.
60. ↑ "jDosbox". June 29, 2014. https://sourceforge.net/projects/jdosbox.
61. ↑ "Status - jDosbox". https://jdosbox.sourceforge.net/cms.
62. ↑ Au, Alan (June 7, 2011). "Everything Good Old is New Again". The Escapist (309).
63. ↑ Orland, Kyle (March 20, 2016). "How the demonization of emulation devalues gaming's heritage". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/03/how-the-demonization-of-emulation-devalues-gamings-heritage/.
64. ↑ Purchese, Rob (2007-08-07). "id sorts GPL Steam issue". Eurogamer. https://www.eurogamer.net/article.php?article_id=80945.
65. ↑ Dasgupta, Julian (July 23, 2009). "Activision Blizzard: Veröffentlicht Sierra-Oldies". 4Players. https://www.4players.de/4players.php/spielinfonews/Allgemein/10398/1966413/Activision_Blizzard.html.
66. ↑ Hefford, Hayden (November 13, 2019). "The 10 best Star Wars games on PC". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2019/11/13/best-star-wars-games-on-pc/.
67. ↑ Bergman, Jason (2008-09-04). "Comments-morning discussion". Shacknews. https://www.shacknews.com/laryn.x?id=17846108#itemanchor_17846108.
68. ↑ Haynes, Jeff (July 9, 2009). "Bethesda's Free Daggerfall". IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/07/09/bethesdas-free-daggerfall.
69. ↑ Peel, Jeremy (September 17, 2014). "The Elder Scrolls Anthology is a cross-section of PC gaming history, now available in Europe". PCGamesN. https://www.pcgamesn.com/elderscrolls/elder-scrolls-anthology-cross-section-pc-gaming-history-now-available-europe.
70. ↑ Chalk, Andy (March 3, 2015). "The original Syndicate is Origin's new On the House freebie". PC Gamer. https://www.pcgamer.com/the-original-syndicate-is-origins-new-on-the-house-freebie/.
71. ↑ Walker, John (December 10, 2014). "Sim City 2000 Is 20 Years Old And Free". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2014/12/10/sim-city-2000-free/.

### Sources

* DOSBox v0.74-3 Manual. The DOSBox Team. 2019. https://www.dosbox.com/DOSBoxManual.html. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
* Norton, Peter (December 30, 2004). Peter Norton's Intro to Computers 6/e. McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 0072978902. https://books.google.com/books?id=WK8gAQAAIAAJ. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
* Loguidice, Bill; Barton, Matt (February 24, 2014). Vintage Game Consoles: An Inside Look at Apple, Atari, Commodore, Nintendo, and the Greatest Gaming Platforms of All Time. CRC Press. ISBN 9781135006518. https://books.google.com/books?id=wZnpAgAAQBAJ. Retrieved November 8, 2020.

## External links

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* v
* t
* e

Virtualization software

Comparison of platform virtualization software

Hardware
virtualization
(hypervisors)|

| Native|

* Adeos
* CP/CMS
* Hyper-V
* KVM
* Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization
* LDoms / Oracle VM Server for SPARC
* Logical Partition (LPAR)
* LynxSecure
* PikeOS
* Proxmox VE
* SIMMON
* VMware ESXi
* VMware vSphere
* vCloud
* VMware Infrastructure
* Xen
* Oracle VM Server for x86
* XenServer
* XtratuM
* z/VM

|

Hosted|

| Specialized|

* Basilisk II
* bhyve
* Bochs
* Cooperative Linux
* DOSBox
* DOSEMU
* PCem
* PikeOS
* SheepShaver
* SIMH
* Windows on Windows
* Virtual DOS machine
* Win4Lin

|

Independent|

* Microsoft Virtual Server
* Parallels Workstation
* Parallels Desktop for Mac
* Parallels Server for Mac
* PearPC
* QEMU
* VirtualBox
* Virtual Iron
* VMware Fusion
* VMware Player
* VMware Server
* VMware Workstation
* Windows Virtual PC

Tools|

* Ganeti
* oVirt
* System Center Virtual Machine Manager
* Virtual Machine Manager

OS-level
virtualization|

| Full stack|

* Container Linux
* Docker
* iCore Virtual Accounts
* Linux-VServer
* Turbo
* Virtuozzo

|

Backends|

* chroot
* cgroups
* FreeBSD jail
* Linux namespaces
* lmctfy
* LXC
* OpenVZ
* seccomp
* vkernel
* Solaris Containers
* Workload Partitions

Orchestration|

* Amazon ECS
* Kubernetes
* OpenShift

Desktop
virtualization|

* Citrix XenApp
* Citrix XenDesktop
* Remote Desktop Services
* VMware Horizon View
* Ulteo Open Virtual Desktop

Application
virtualization|

* Ceedo
* Citrix XenApp
* Dalvik
* InstallFree
* Microsoft App-V
* Remote Desktop Services
* Symantec Workspace Virtualization
* Turbo
* VMware ThinApp
* ZeroVM

Network
virtualization|

* Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet (DOVE)
* NVGRE
* Open vSwitch
* Virtual security switch
* Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN)

See also: List of emulators

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