GNAT

Short description: Free-software compiler for the Ada programming language

GNAT

Ada source within GPS

Developer(s)| New York University (NYU), AdaCore and the GNU Project
Initial release| 1995; 29 years ago (1995)
Stable release|

FSF GNAT 9.2 (2019-08-12)[1]

GNAT Pro 7.4 (2016-02-23)[2]

Operating system| FreeBSD, Linux,
Solaris/SPARC,
Microsoft Windows,
Mac OS X,
plus others as supported by FSF GNAT within GCC
Type| Compiler
License| GNU GPL 3+ with GCC Runtime Library Exception[3]
Website| www.getadanow.com \- FSF GNAT
www.adacore.com/gnatpro/ GNAT Pro

GNAT is a free-software compiler for the Ada programming language which forms part of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). It supports all versions of the language, i.e. Ada 2012, Ada 2005, Ada 95 and Ada 83\. Originally its name was an acronym that stood for GNU NYU Ada Translator, but that name no longer applies. The front-end and run-time are written in Ada.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 License
* 3 Versions
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 Further reading
* 7 External links

## History

The GNAT project started in 1992 when the United States Air Force awarded New York University (NYU) a contract to build a free compiler for Ada to help with the Ada 9X standardization process. The 3-million-dollar contract required[citation needed] the use of the GNU GPL for all development, and assigned the copyright to the Free Software Foundation. The first official validation of GNAT occurred in 1995.

In 1994 and 1996, the original authors of GNAT [clarification needed][who?] founded two sister companies, Ada Core Technologies in New York City and ACT-Europe (later AdaCore SAS) in Paris, to provide continuing development and commercial support of GNAT. The two companies always operated as one entity, but did not formally unify until 2012 as AdaCore.[4]

GNAT was initially released separately from the main GCC sources. On October 2, 2001, the GNAT sources were contributed to the GCC CVS repository.[5] The last version to be released separately was GNAT 3.15p, based on GCC 2.8.1, on October 2, 2002. Starting with GCC 3.4, on major platforms the official GCC release is able to pass 100% of the ACATS Ada tests included in the GCC testsuite. By GCC 4.0, more exotic platforms were also able to pass 100% of the ACATS tests.

## License

The compiler is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL 3+ with GCC Runtime Library Exception.[3]

All versions leading up to and including 3.15p are licensed under the GMGPL offering similar runtime exceptions. The GMGPL license is GNU GPL 2 with a linking exception that permits software with licenses that are incompatible with the GPL to be linked with the output of Ada standard generic libraries that are supplied with GNAT without breaching the license agreement.

## Versions

FSF GNAT is part of most major Linux or BSD distributions and is included in the main GCC Sources.

GNAT Pro is a supported version of GNAT from AdaCore.

In addition to FSF GNAT and AdaCore's GNAT Pro, AdaCore releases additional versions (GNAT-GPL, a public older version of GNAT Pro, and GNAT GAP, a version for AdaCore's educational programs).[6] These AdaCore versions have the runtime exceptions removed, this requires software that is linked with the standard libraries to have GPL-compatible licenses to avoid being in breach of the license agreement.

JGNAT was a GNAT version that compiled from the Ada programming language to Java bytecode. GNAT for dotNET is a GNAT version that compiles from the Ada programming language to Common Language Infrastructure for the .NET Framework and the free and open source implementations Mono and Portable.NET.

## See also

* APSE – a specification for a programming environment to support software development in Ada
* Ravenscar profile – a subset of the Ada tasking features designed for safety-critical hard real-time computing
* SPARK – a programming language consisting of a highly restricted subset of Ada, annotated with meta-information describing desired component behavior and individual runtime requirements

## References

1. ↑ "GCC Releases - GNU Project". https://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/releases.html.
2. ↑ "AdaCore Releases GNAT Pro 7.4". https://www.adacore.com/press/gnat-pro-7-4.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "GCC Runtime Library Exception". https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gcc-exception.html.
4. ↑ GNAT Pro Insider Autumn/Winter 2014–2015, p.1
5. ↑ GCC CVS mailing list archive "New language: Ada"
6. ↑ "GNAT Pro Comparison" (in en). https://www.adacore.com/gnatpro/comparison.

## Further reading

* Miranda, Javier; Schonberg, Edmond (June 2004). GNAT: The GNU Ada Compiler. https://www2.adacore.com/gap-static/GNAT_Book/html/index.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
* Schonberg; Banner, Bernard (1994). "The GNAT project". ACM. pp. 48-57. doi:10.1145/197694.197706. ISBN 0897916662. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=197706. Retrieved 2008-06-07.

## External links

* History of the GNAT Project
* GNAT in the GCC wiki
* FSF GNAT installation instructions for major platforms
* The GNU Ada Project -- more FSF versions of GNAT
* Debian Ada Policy -- packaging of GNAT and other Ada programs in Debian
* Write It in Ada -- Run It on the Java Virtual Machine

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