iTunes

Screenshot of iTunes 12.13.4.4 on Windows 10

Developer(s)| Apple
Initial release| January 9, 2001; 25 years ago (2001-01-09)
Stable release|

12.13.10 / March 8, 2026; 3 months ago (2026-03-08)

Operating system|

* macOS Mojave and earlier (until version 12.9.5)[lower-alpha 1]
* Windows 10 and 11 (latest version)

Platform|

* macOS
* Windows

Successor| For media:
TV (macOS and Windows)
Music (macOS and Windows)
Podcasts (macOS only)

For device management:
Finder (macOS)
Apple Devices (Windows)
Type|

* CD ripper
* Digital asset management
* Media player
* Optical disc authoring
* Tag editor

License| Freeware
Website| itunes.com
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Related

* Classic Mac OS
* Copland
* NeXTSTEP
* Rhapsody
* Darwin

* v
* t
* e

iTunes is a media player, media library, and mobile device management (MDM) utility developed by Apple. It is used to purchase, play, download and organize digital multimedia on personal computers running the Windows (and formerly macOS) operating systems, and can be used to rip songs from CDs as well as to play content from dynamic playlists. It includes options for sound optimization and wireless sharing.

iTunes was announced by Apple CEO Steve Jobs on January 9, 2001. Its original and main focus was music, with a library offering organization and storage of Mac users' music collections. With the addition in 2003 of the iTunes Store for purchasing and downloading digital music and a Windows version of the program, it became an ubiquitous tool for managing music and configuring other features on Apple's line of iPod media players, which extended to the iPhone and iPad upon their introduction. From 2005 on, Apple expanded its core music features with support for digital video, podcasts, e-books, and mobile apps purchased from the iOS App Store. The release of iOS 5 in 2011 made these devices less dependent on iTunes, though it could still be used to back up their contents.

Though well received in its early years, iTunes received increasing criticism for a bloated user experience with the incorporation of non-music features. In October 2019, beginning with Macs running macOS Catalina, iTunes was replaced by separate apps, namely Music, Podcasts, and TV, with Finder taking over device management capabilities.[1][2] In February 2024, most features of iTunes for Windows were split into the Apple TV, Music, and Apple Devices apps, while iTunes is still used for podcasts and audiobooks as there is currently no Windows version of Apple Podcasts.[3][4] These changes did not affect older macOS versions (macOS Mojave and earlier), or users who prefer not to switch to the UWP-based apps on Windows; the iTunes program remains accessible for Music, Movies, TV Shows, Podcasts, Audiobooks on these platforms.[5]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Platform availability
* 2 Music library
* 2.1 Special playlists
* 2.2 Library sharing
* 2.3 Sound processing
* 3 Online music functionality
* 3.1 iTunes Store
* 3.2 iTunes in the Cloud and iTunes Match
* 3.3 Internet radio, iTunes Radio and Apple Music
* 3.4 Relocation of iTunes Features
* 4 Other features
* 4.1 Video
* 4.2 Podcasts
* 4.3 Apps
* 4.4 iTunes U
* 4.5 Apple mobile device connectivity
* 4.6 Ping
* 5 Criticism
* 5.1 Security
* 5.2 Software bloat
* 6 See also
* 7 Notes
* 8 References
* 9 External links

## History

See also: Software:History of iTunes

SoundJam MP, released by Casady & Greene in 1999, was renamed "iTunes" when Apple purchased it the next year. The primary developers of the software moved to Apple as part of the acquisition, and simplified SoundJam's user interface, added the ability to burn CDs, and removed its recording feature and skin support.[6][7] The first version of iTunes, promotionally dubbed "World's Best and Easiest To Use Jukebox Software",[8] was announced on January 9, 2001.[9] Subsequent releases of iTunes often coincided with new hardware devices, and gradually included support for new features, including "smart playlists", the iTunes Store, and new audio formats.[9]

### Platform availability

Apple released iTunes for Windows on October 16, 2003.[10]

On April 26, 2018, iTunes was released on Microsoft Store for Windows 10,[11] primarily to allow it to be installed on Windows 10 devices configured to only allow installation of software from Microsoft Store.[12] Unlike Windows versions for other platforms, it is more self-contained due to technical requirements for distribution on the store (not installing background helper services such as Bonjour), and is updated automatically through the store rather than using Apple Software Update.[13]

The role of iTunes has been replaced with independent apps, Apple Music, Apple Podcasts, Apple Books, and Apple TV; with iPhone, iPod, and iPad management integrated into the Finder starting with macOS 10.15 Catalina, and appearing as Apple Devices starting with Windows 10.[14][15]

Content | Availability on Windows | Availability on macOS

|
|

Music | Available in iTunes and Apple Music app [lower-alpha 2] | Moved to Apple Music app in macOS Catalina and later
Movies  | Available in iTunes and Apple TV app [lower-alpha 2] | Moved to Apple TV app in macOS Catalina and later
TV Shows
Podcasts | Available in iTunes [lower-alpha 2] | Moved to Apple Podcasts app in macOS Catalina and later
Audiobooks | Available in iTunes [lower-alpha 2] | Moved to Apple Books app in macOS Catalina and later
Books | Removed in iTunes 12.7; no replacement app has been released.
iTunes U  | Discontinued in December 2021; replaced by Classroom and Schoolwork iPad apps.[16][17]
Apps  | Removed in iTunes 12.7 in 2017; support was temporarily backported and extended to iTunes 12.6.5 in 2018.
Ringtones  | Removed in iTunes 12.7 in 2017.
Internet Radio

## Music library

iTunes features a music library. Each track has attributes, called metadata, that can be edited by the user, including changing the name of the artist, album, and genre, year of release, artwork, among other additional settings.[18][19] The software supports importing digital audio tracks that can then be transferred to iOS devices,[20] as well as supporting ripping content from CDs.[21][22] iTunes supports WAV, AIFF, Apple Lossless, AAC, and MP3 audio formats.[23] It uses the Gracenote music database to provide track name listings for audio CDs. When users rip content from a CD, iTunes attempts to match songs to the Gracenote service. For self-published CDs, or those from obscure record labels, iTunes would normally only list tracks as numbered entries ("Track 1" and "Track 2") on an unnamed album by an unknown artist, requiring manual input of data.[24]

File metadata is displayed in users' libraries in columns, including album, artist, genre, composer, and more.[25] Users can enable or disable different columns, as well as change view settings.[26]

### Special playlists

Introduced in 2004,[27] "Party Shuffle" selected tracks to play randomly from the library, though users could press a button to skip a song and go to the next in the list.[28] The feature was later renamed "iTunes DJ",[29] before being discontinued altogether, replaced by a simpler "Up Next" feature that notably lost some of "iTunes DJ"'s functionality.[30]

Introduced in iTunes 8 in 2008, "Genius" can automatically generate a playlist of songs from the user's library that "go great together".[31] "Genius" transmits information about the user's library to Apple anonymously, and evolves over time to enhance its recommendation system. It can also suggest purchases to fill out "holes" in the library.[32] The feature was updated with iTunes 9 in 2009 to offer "Genius Mixes", which generated playlists based on specific music genres.[33][34]

"Smart playlists" are a set of playlists that can be set to automatically filter the library based on a customized list of selection criteria, much like a database query. Multiple criteria can be entered to manage the smart playlist.[35] Selection criteria examples include a genre like Christmas music, songs that have not been played recently, or songs the user has listened to the most in a time period.[36]

### Library sharing

Through a "Home Sharing" feature, users can share their iTunes library wirelessly.[37] Computer firewalls must allow network traffic, and users must specifically enable sharing in the iTunes preferences menu. iOS applications also exist that can transfer content without Internet.[38] Additionally, users can set up a network-attached storage system, and connect to that storage system through an app.[39]

### Sound processing

iTunes includes sound processing features, such as equalization, "sound enhancement" and crossfade. There is also a feature called Sound Check, which normalizes the playback volume of all songs in the library to the same level.[40][41]

## Online music functionality

### iTunes Store

Introduced on April 28, 2003, The iTunes Music Store allows users to buy and download songs, with 200,000 tracks available at launch. In its first week, customers bought more than one million songs.[42] Music purchased was protected by FairPlay, an encryption layer referred to as digital rights management (DRM).[43] The use of DRM, which limited devices capable of playing purchased files,[44] sparked efforts to remove the protection mechanism.[45] Eventually, after an open letter to the music industry by CEO Steve Jobs in February 2007,[46] Apple introduced a selection of DRM-free music in the iTunes Store in April 2007,[47] followed by its entire music catalog without DRM in January 2009.[48]

### iTunes in the Cloud and iTunes Match

In June 2011, Apple announced "iTunes in the Cloud", in which music purchases were stored on Apple's servers and made available for automatic downloading on new devices. For music the user owns, such as content ripped from CDs, the company introduced "iTunes Match", a feature that can upload content to Apple's servers, match it to its catalog, change the quality to 256 kbit/s AAC format, and make it available to other devices.[49][50]

### Internet radio, iTunes Radio and Apple Music

When iTunes was first released, it came with support for the Kerbango Internet radio tuner service.[51] In June 2013, the company announced iTunes Radio, a free music streaming service.[52] In June 2015, Apple announced Apple Music, a subscription-based music streaming service, and subsequently integrated iTunes Radio functionality. Music tracks provided by Apple Music via iTunes are available at up to 256 kbit/s AAC fidelity. The Apple Music app also integrates Apple Music 1, a live music radio station.[53]

### Relocation of iTunes Features

As of 2024, Apple is phasing out iTunes in favour of three dedicated apps, Music, Podcasts, and TV, but the iTunes Store will still remain.[54]

## Other features

### Video

In May 2005, video support was introduced to iTunes with the release of iTunes 4.8,[55][56] though it was limited to bonus features part of album purchases.[57] The following October, Apple introduced iTunes 6, enabling support for purchasing and viewing video content purchased from the iTunes Store.[58] At launch, the store offered popular shows from the ABC network, including Desperate Housewives and Lost, along with Disney Channel series That's So Raven and The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. CEO Steve Jobs told the press that "We're doing for video what we've done for music — we're making it easy and affordable to purchase and download, play on your computer, and take with you on your iPod."[58]

In 2008, Apple and select film studios introduced "iTunes Digital Copy", a feature on select DVDs and Blu-ray discs allowing a digital copy in iTunes and associated media players.[59][60][61]

### Podcasts

Main article: Software:Apple Podcasts

The icon used by Apple to represent a podcast

In June 2005, Apple updated iTunes with support for podcasts.[62][63] Users can subscribe to podcasts, change update frequency, define how many episodes to download and how many to delete.[63]

Similar to songs, "Smart playlists" can be used to control podcasts in a playlist, setting criteria such as date and number of times listened to.[64]

Apple is credited for being the major catalyst behind the early growth of podcasting.[65]

### Apps

On July 10, 2008, Apple introduced native mobile apps for its iOS operating system. On iOS, a dedicated App Store application served as the storefront for browsing, downloading, updating, and otherwise managing applications, whereas iTunes on computers had a dedicated section for apps rather than a separate app.[66] In September 2017, Apple updated iTunes to version 12.7, removing the App Store section in the process.[67][68] iTunes 12.6.3 was released the following month, retaining App Store functionality, with 9to5Mac noting that the secondary release was positioned by Apple as "necessary for some businesses performing internal app deployments".[69][70]

### iTunes U

In May 2007, Apple announced the launch of "iTunes U" via the iTunes Store, which delivers university lectures from top U.S. colleges.[71][72] With iTunes version 12.7 in August 2017, iTunes U collections became a part of the Podcasts app.[73] On June 10, 2020, Apple formally announced that iTunes U would be discontinued at the end of 2021.[74]

### Apple mobile device connectivity

iTunes was required to activate early iPhone and iPad devices. Beginning with the iPhone 3G in June 2008, activation did not require iTunes, making use of activation at point of sale.[75] Later iPhone models are able to be activated and set-up on their own, without requiring the use of iTunes.

iTunes also allows users to backup and restore the content of their Apple mobile devices, such as music, photos, videos, ringtones and device settings,[76] and restore the firmware of their devices. However, as of iTunes 12.7, apps can no longer be purchased and installed using iTunes.[68]

### Ping

With the release of iTunes 10 in September 2010, Apple announced iTunes Ping, which CEO Steve Jobs described as "social music discovery". It had features reminiscent of Facebook, including profiles and the ability to follow other users.[77] Ping was discontinued in September 2012.[78]

## Criticism

### Security

The Telegraph reported in November 2011 that Apple had been aware of a security vulnerability since 2008 that would let unauthorized third parties install "updates" to users' iTunes software. Apple fixed the issue before the Telegraph's report and told the media that "The security and privacy of our users is extremely important", though this was questioned by security researcher Brian Krebs, who told the publication that "A prominent security researcher warned Apple about this dangerous vulnerability in mid-2008, yet the company waited more than 1,200 days to fix the flaw."[79]

### Software bloat

iTunes has been repeatedly accused of being bloated as part of Apple's efforts to turn it from a music player to an all-encompassing multimedia platform.[67][80][81][82][83] Former PC World editor Ed Bott accused the company of hypocrisy in its advertising attacks on Windows for similar practices.[84]

## See also

* Apple Music
* Apple Music Festival
* AirPlay
* Digital distribution
* List of audio conversion software
* Comparison of audio player software
* Music visualization

## Notes

1. ↑ Can be installed on macOS Catalina to macOS Sequoia using third-party software.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 iTunes Store web links can be opened in the iTunes application with a custom URI scheme, by replacing `https://` with `itms://`

## References

1. ↑ Carman, Ashley (June 3, 2019). "Apple breaks up iTunes, creates separate Podcasts, TV, and Music apps for macOS". https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/3/18647182/apple-itunes-podcasts-music-tv-mac-os-wwdc-2019.
2. ↑ Roettgers, Janko (June 3, 2019). "Apple Is Officially Killing iTunes, Replacing It With Three Dedicated Media Apps" (in en). https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/itunes-shutting-down-1203231598/.
3. ↑ "Apple Officially Splits iTunes for Windows Into Apple Music, TV, and Devices Apps" (in en). 2024-02-07. https://www.macrumors.com/2024/02/07/apple-splits-itunes-for-windows/.
4. ↑ "Apple to replace iTunes for Windows with Music, TV, and Devices apps". January 13, 2023. https://www.gsmarena.com/apple_will_replace_itunes_for_windows_with_music_tv_and_devices_apps-news-57187.php.
5. ↑ Spangler, Todd (June 3, 2019). "Apple's iTunes Store, iTunes App for Windows Aren't Going Away" (in en). https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/apple-itunes-store-ios-windows-not-going-away-1203231814/.
6. ↑ Seff, Jonathan (May 1, 2001). "The Song Is Over for SoundJam". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1002145/11soundjam.html.
7. ↑ Levy, Steven (2006) (in en). The Perfect Thing: How the iPod Shuffles Commerce, Culture, and Coolness. Simon and Schuster. pp. 47–49. ISBN 978-0-7432-9391-4.
8. ↑ Cheng, Jacqui (November 23, 2012). "iTunes through the ages". Condé Nast. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/11/itunes-through-the-ages/.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 McElhearn, Kirk (January 9, 2016). "15 years of iTunes: A look at Apple's media app and its influence on an industry". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/3019878/software/15-years-of-itunes-a-look-at-apples-media-app-and-its-influence-on-an-industry.html.
10. ↑ "Apple Launches iTunes for Windows". Apple Inc.. October 16, 2003. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2003/10/16Apple-Launches-iTunes-for-Windows/.
11. ↑ Warren, Tom (April 26, 2018). "iTunes is now available in the Microsoft Store for Windows 10". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/26/17287260/itunes-windows-10-microsoft-store-download.
12. ↑ Warren, Tom (May 11, 2017). "Apple is bringing iTunes to the Windows Store". Vox Media. https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/11/15616594/apple-itunes-windows-store-app-windows-10.
13. ↑ "Apple iTunes: Standalone vs. Microsoft Store Edition" (in en-US). January 23, 2019. https://blog.elcomsoft.com/2019/01/apple-itunes-standalone-vs-microsoft-store-edition/.
14. ↑ "Download iTunes for Windows". https://support.apple.com/en-us/118290.
15. ↑ Warren, Tom (February 8, 2024). "Apple moves away from iTunes on PC with new Windows apps". https://www.theverge.com/2024/2/8/24065866/apple-windows-apps-music-tv-devices-itunes.
16. ↑ Apple will discontinue iTunes U in favor of Classroom and Schoolwork apps by Alison DeNisco Rayome, CNET. 2020-06-10.
17. ↑ iTunes U - May 2021 Update - Apple Support
18. ↑ Elliott, Matt (April 30, 2014). "Clean up and organize your iTunes music library". CBS Interactive. https://www.cnet.com/how-to/clean-up-and-organize-your-itunes-music-library/.
19. ↑ Miller, Dan (February 13, 2014). "How I edit track metadata in iTunes". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/2097420/how-i-edit-track-metadata-in-itunes.html.
20. ↑ Costello, Sam (October 4, 2017). "How to Import Downloaded Music to iTunes". Dotdash. https://www.lifewire.com/add-downloaded-mp3s-to-itunes-4103834.
21. ↑ Costello, Sam (June 13, 2017). "Use iTunes to Copy CDs to Your iPhone or iPod". Dotdash. https://www.lifewire.com/copy-cd-to-ipod-iphone-with-itunes-1999496.
22. ↑ Breen, Christopher (January 12, 2011). "How to rip CDs with iTunes". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1156861/software-graphics/howto-rip-cds.html.
23. ↑ McElhearn, Kirk (April 14, 2016). "The complete guide to using iTunes with lossless audio". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/3053566/software/the-complete-guide-to-using-itunes-with-lossless-audio.html.
24. ↑ Costello, Sam (March 28, 2017). "What To Do When iTunes Doesn't Have CD Names for Your Music". Dotdash. https://www.lifewire.com/when-itunes-doesnt-have-cd-names-for-music-2000484.
25. ↑ Bove, Tony. "How to browse iTunes by artist and album". John Wiley & Sons. http://www.dummies.com/consumer-electronics/mp3-players/ipod/how-to-browse-itunes-by-artist-and-album/.
26. ↑ Bohon, Cory (August 21, 2015). "How to change iTunes playlist view". Future plc. http://www.techradar.com/how-to/software/applications/how-to-change-itunes-playlist-view-1302442.
27. ↑ Snell, Jason (April 28, 2004). "iTunes 4.5: Hits and Misses". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1030797/000169.html.
28. ↑ McElhearn, Kirk (February 5, 2007). "Doing the iTunes shuffle". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1055239/marchplaylist.html.
29. ↑ Hahn, Jason Duaine (January 10, 2015). "Happy Birthday, iTunes: Here's How Apple's Media App Has Changed Over 14 Years". Verizon Hearst Media Partners. http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2015/01/worst-itunes-changes/.
30. ↑ Costello, Sam (February 9, 2017). "Using the Up Next Feature in iTunes". Dotdash. https://www.lifewire.com/up-next-feature-in-itunes-4103858.
31. ↑ Chartier, David (September 9, 2008). "Apple rocks out, announces new iPods, iTunes 8". Condé Nast. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2008/09/apple-announces-new-products-at-lets-rock-event/.
32. ↑ Dumas, Daniel (September 9, 2008). "Let's rock: Apple unveils new iPod, Genius playlists, HDTV, NBC". Wired (Condé Nast). https://www.wired.com/2008/09/apple-event-let/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
33. ↑ Cox, Tim (September 9, 2009). "Tip: Update Genius in iTunes 9 to Access Genius Mixes". https://www.cultofmac.com/16094/update-genius-in-itunes-9-to-access-genius-mixes/.
34. ↑ Sande, Steven (September 11, 2009). "iTunes 9 Genius Mixes: You don't need to be a genius to create 'em". Oath Inc.. https://www.engadget.com/2009/09/11/itunes-9-genius-mixes-you-dont-need-to-be-a-genius-to-create/.
35. ↑ Gardiner, Bryan (September 3, 2013). "Use Smart playlists to keep your iPhone filled with your newest music". Wired (Condé Nast). https://www.wired.com/2013/09/itunes-smart-playlist/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
36. ↑ Trapani, Gina (February 13, 2008). "Top 10 iTunes Smart Playlists". Univision Communications. https://lifehacker.com/355743/top-10-itunes-smart-playlists.
37. ↑ Rawlinson, Nik (June 13, 2012). "How to share your iTunes music library on a home network". CBS Interactive. https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-share-your-itunes-music-library-on-a-home-network/.
38. ↑ Prindle, Drew (April 4, 2013). "How to share your iTunes library". https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/how-to-share-your-itunes-library/.
39. ↑ Whitney, Lance (February 16, 2017). "How to Share Your iTunes Library Among Multiple Devices". Ziff Davis. http://uk.pcmag.com/music-products/87884/news/how-to-share-your-itunes-library-among-multiple-devices.
40. ↑ Kessler, Topher (December 4, 2012). "How to improve sound quality in iTunes". CBS Interactive. https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-improve-sound-quality-in-itunes/.
41. ↑ McElhearn, Kirk (June 6, 2016). "How to tweak your sound in iTunes and on iOS devices". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/3074418/streaming-media/how-to-tweak-your-sound-in-itunes-and-on-ios-devices.html.
42. ↑ Chen, Brian X. (April 28, 2010). "April 28, 2003: Apple opens iTunes Store". Wired (Condé Nast). https://www.wired.com/2010/04/0428itunes-music-store-opens/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
43. ↑ Dilger, Daniel Eran (February 26, 2007). "How FairPlay Works: Apple's iTunes DRM Dilemma". http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/RDM.Tech.Q1.07/2A351C60-A4E5-4764-A083-FF8610E66A46.html.
44. ↑ Hamilton, Dave (September 2, 2015). "How iTunes Movie DRM-Removal Software Keeps Me Honest". https://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/itunes-drm-removal-keeps-me-legal.
45. ↑ Tanous, Jim (September 2, 2015). "The iTunes DRM Removal Saga: NoteBurner and a Look Back at Requiem". https://www.tekrevue.com/itunes-drm-removal/.
46. ↑ Kim, Arnold (February 6, 2007). "Steve Jobs 'Thoughts on Music' – Asks for No Digital Rights Management". https://www.macrumors.com/2007/02/06/steve-jobs-thoughts-on-music/.
47. ↑ Arrington, Michael (April 2, 2007). "EMI, Apple To Sell DRM-Free Music for $1.29/song". Oath Inc.. https://techcrunch.com/2007/04/02/emi-apple-are-announcing-sale-of-non-drm-music/.
48. ↑ Johnson, Bobbie (January 6, 2009). "Apple drops DRM copy protection from millions of iTunes songs". https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/jan/06/apple-drops-itunes-copy-protection.
49. ↑ Ziegler, Chris (June 6, 2011). "iTunes in the Cloud beta available today, iTunes Match lets you 'upload' the tracks you already own for $24.99 a year". Vox Media. https://www.theverge.com/2011/06/06/itunes-cloud-announced/.
50. ↑ Myers, Courtney Boyd (June 6, 2011). "iTunes Match: Apple announces its cloud based music service". https://thenextweb.com/wwdc/2011/06/06/apple-announces-itunes-in-the-cloud/.
51. ↑ Gray, Tyler (September 18, 2013). "Why Apple's iTunes Is Still Fundamentally Flawed, Even In iOS 7". Mansueto Ventures. https://www.fastcompany.com/3017628/why-apples-itunes-is-still-fundamentally-flawed-even-in-ios-7.
52. ↑ Gross, Doug (June 11, 2013). "Apple arrives (late?) to music streaming with iTunes Radio". Turner Broadcasting System. https://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/10/tech/web/itunes-radio-apple-wwdc/index.html.
53. ↑ Popper, Ben; Singleton, Micah (June 8, 2015). "Apple announces its streaming music service, Apple Music". Vox Media. https://www.theverge.com/2015/6/8/8729481/apple-music-streaming-service-wwdc-15.
54. ↑ "Apple is Getting Closer to Phasing Out iTunes Completely". December 11, 2023. https://cordcuttersnews.com/apple-is-finally-getting-rid-of-the-last-vestige-of-itunes/.
55. ↑ "iTunes 4.8 adds video support, Yorkdale store photos, more". May 9, 2005. http://appleinsider.com/articles/05/05/09/itunes_48_adds_video_support_yorkdale_store_photos_more.
56. ↑ "Apple releases iTunes 4.8" (in en). https://www.macworld.com/article/175588/itunes-42.html.
57. ↑ Dormehl, Luke (May 9, 2017). "Today in Apple history: iTunes experiments with video downloads". https://www.cultofmac.com/480263/today-apple-history-itunes-experiments-video-downloads/.
58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Honan, Mathew (October 12, 2005). "Apple Releases iTunes 6". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1047429/itunes6.html.
59. ↑ Frakes, Dan (January 22, 2008). "First Look: iTunes Digital Copy". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1131751/digitalcopy.html.
60. ↑ "Lionsgate joins Apple's Digital Copy for iTunes program". March 10, 2008. http://appleinsider.com/articles/08/03/10/lionsgate_joins_apples_digital_copy_for_itunes_program.html.
61. ↑ Hughes, Neil (September 22, 2017). "iTunes Digital Copy redemptions from non-4K Blu-rays appear to support 4K streaming on new Apple TV". http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/09/22/itunes-digital-copy-redemptions-from-non-4k-blu-rays-appear-to-support-4k-streaming-on-new-apple-tv.
62. ↑ Naughton, Pete (June 14, 2015). "The 10 best ever podcasts". https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11668186/The-10-best-ever-podcasts.html.
63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Farivar, Cyrus (June 28, 2005). "iTunes 4.9 First Look: Apple takes on Podcasting". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1045522/podcastingfirstlook.html.
64. ↑ Schramm, Mike (February 1, 2008). "How to: Create a smart podcast playlist in iTunes". Oath Inc.. https://www.engadget.com/2008/02/01/how-to-create-a-smart-podcast-playlist-in-itunes/.
65. ↑ "Podcasting is Going Mainstream". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradadgate/2019/11/18/podcasting-is-going-mainstream/#5f92fb891699.
66. ↑ Friedman, Lex (July 8, 2013). "The App Store turns five: A look back and forward". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/2043841/the-app-store-turns-five-a-look-back-and-forward.html.
67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 Welch, Chris (September 12, 2017). "Apple starts cutting the bloat from iTunes by removing iOS App Store". Vox Media. https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/12/16298988/apple-itunes-desktop-update-removes-app-store.
68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 Smith, Jake (September 13, 2017). "Apple's iTunes removes iOS App Store from desktop version". CBS Interactive. https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-removes-ios-app-store-from-desktop-versions-of-itunes/.
69. ↑ Mayo, Benjamin (October 9, 2017). "Apple still offers an iTunes version with App Store, Ringtones and other features removed in 'focused' iTunes 12.7". https://9to5mac.com/2017/10/09/apple-itunes-apps-focused-removed-stopgap/.
70. ↑ Hardwick, Tim (October 9, 2017). "Apple Quietly Releases iTunes 12.6.3 With Built-In App Store". https://www.macrumors.com/2017/10/09/apple-itunes-with-app-store-included/.
71. ↑ Cohen, Peter (May 30, 2007). "iTunes U comes to the iTunes Store". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1058118/itunesu.html.
72. ↑ McNulty, Scott (May 30, 2007). "iTunes U comes to the iTunes Store". Oath Inc.. https://www.engadget.com/2007/05/30/itunes-u-comes-to-the-itunes-store/.
73. ↑ Hardwick, Tim (August 21, 2017). "iTunes U Collections Will Move to Apple Podcasts From September". https://www.macrumors.com/2017/08/21/itunes-u-collections-to-apple-podcasts-september/.
74. ↑ "iTunes U – June 2020 Update" (in en). https://support.apple.com/en-au/guide/itunesu/welcome/web.
75. ↑ Geller, Jonathan (June 9, 2008). "iPhone 3G: the details you never wanted to know". Penske Media Corporation. http://bgr.com/2008/06/09/iphone-3g-the-details-you-never-wanted-to-know/.
76. ↑ Krasnoff, Barbara (September 15, 2021). "How to back up your iPhone with or without iCloud" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/22673693/iphone-apple-backup-ios-icloud.
77. ↑ Albanesius, Chloe (September 1, 2010). "Apple Goes Social with 'Ping' Inside iTunes 10". PC Magazine (Ziff Davis). https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2368579,00.asp. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
78. ↑ Moscaritolo, Angela (September 13, 2012). "Apple Shutting Down iTunes Ping on Sept. 30". PC Magazine (Ziff Davis). http://uk.pcmag.com/music-products/60441/news/apple-shutting-down-itunes-ping-on-sept-30. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
79. ↑ Williams, Christopher (November 24, 2011). "Apple iTunes flaw 'allowed government spying for 3 years'". https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/8912714/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html.
80. ↑ Wang, Amy (April 28, 2016). "iTunes is 13 years old—and it's still awful". Atlantic Media. https://qz.com/666078/itunes-is-13-years-old-today-and-its-still-awful/.
81. ↑ Lovejoy, Ben (July 28, 2015). "Opinion: iTunes is now so clunky the only safe solution is to nuke it from orbit". https://9to5mac.com/2015/07/28/opinion-itunes-nuke-from-orbit/.
82. ↑ Meyer, Robinson (July 29, 2015). "iTunes Really Is That Bad". Emerson Collective. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/07/why-is-itunes-so-bad/399833/.
83. ↑ Gilbertson, Scott (November 5, 2008). "The top ten reasons iTunes sucks". Condé Nast. https://www.wired.com/2008/11/the_top_ten_reasons_itunes_sucks/.
84. ↑ Bott, Ed (October 3, 2008). "Slimming down the bloated iTunes installer". CBS Interactive. https://www.zdnet.com/article/slimming-down-the-bloated-itunes-installer/.

## External links

| Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: iTunes

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Media
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| Podcatcher|

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|

RSS+BitTorrent|

* BitLord
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* qBittorrent
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Related
articles|

* Comparison of feed aggregators
* History of Media aggregation
* RSS enclosure

Italics indicate discontinued software.

* v
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* e

Apple Inc.

* History
* Outline

Products|

| Hardware|

* iPhone
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Mac|

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Software|

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Support|

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Companies|

| Subsidiaries|

* Anobit
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|

Acquisitions|

* List
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Related|

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People|

| Executives|

| Current|

* Tim Cook (CEO)
* Jony Ive (CDO)
* Jeff Williams (COO)
* Luca Maestri (CFO)
* Katherine Adams (General Counsel)
* Eddy Cue
* Craig Federighi
* Isabel Ge Mahe
* John Giannandrea
* Lisa Jackson
* Sabih Khan
* Tor Myhren
* Deirdre O'Brien
* Adrian Perica
* Dan Riccio
* Phil Schiller
* Johny Srouji

|

Former|

* Michael Scott (CEO)
* Mike Markkula (CEO)
* John Sculley (CEO)
* Michael Spindler (CEO)
* Gil Amelio (CEO)
* Steve Jobs (CEO)
* Angela Ahrendts
* Fred D. Anderson
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* Mark Papermaster
* Jon Rubinstein
* Bertrand Serlet
* Bruce Sewell
* Sina Tamaddon
* Avie Tevanian
* Ronald Wayne
* Steve Wozniak

Board of
directors|

| Current|

* Arthur D. Levinson (Chairman)
* Tim Cook (CEO)
* James A. Bell
* Albert Gore Jr.
* Andrea Jung
* Ronald D. Sugar
* Susan L. Wagner

|

Former|

* Mike Markkula (Chairman)
* John Sculley (Chairman)
* Steve Jobs (Chairman)
* Gil Amelio
* Fred D. Anderson
* Bill Campbell
* Mickey Drexler
* Al Eisenstat
* Larry Ellison
* Robert A. Iger
* Delano Lewis
* Arthur Rock
* Eric Schmidt
* Michael Scott
* Michael Spindler
* Edgar S. Woolard Jr.
* Jerry York

Founders|

* Steve Jobs
* Steve Wozniak
* Ronald Wayne

* Italics indicate discontinued products, services, or defunct companies.

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