iTunes

Screenshot of iTunes 12.7.1 on Windows 10

Developer(s)| Apple Inc.
Initial release| January 9, 2001; 23 years ago (2001-01-09)
Operating system|

* macOS
* Windows 7 (Service Pack 1 or later)
* Windows 10 (UWP app)

Type|

* CD ripper
* Digital asset management
* Media player
* Optical disc authoring
* Tag editor

License| Freeware
Website| apple.com/itunes/
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* Classic Mac OS
* Copland
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* Rhapsody
* Darwin

* v
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* e

iTunes (/ˈaɪtjuːnz/)[1] is a media player, media library, Internet radio broadcaster, and mobile device management application developed by Apple Inc. It was announced on January 9, 2001. It is used to play, download, and organize digital multimedia files, including music and video, on personal computers running the macOS and Windows operating systems. Content must be purchased through the iTunes Store, whereas iTunes is the software letting users manage their purchases.

The original and main focus of iTunes is music, with a library offering organization, collection, and storage of users' music collections. It can be used to rip songs from CDs, as well as play content with the use of dynamic, smart playlists. Options for sound optimizations exist, as well as ways to wirelessly share the iTunes library. In 2005, Apple expanded on the core features with video support, later also adding podcasts, e-books, and a section for managing mobile apps for Apple's iOS operating system, the last of which it discontinued in 2017.

The original iPhone smartphone required iTunes for activation and, until the release of iOS 5 in 2011, iTunes was required for installing software updates for the company's iOS devices. Newer iOS devices rely less on the iTunes software, though it can still be used for backup and restoration of phone contents, as well as for the transfer of files between a computer and individual iOS applications. iTunes has received significant criticism for a bloated user experience, with Apple adopting an all-encompassing feature-set in iTunes rather than sticking to its original music-based purpose.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Platform availability
* 2 Media management
* 2.1 Music
* 2.1.1 Metadata and music importation
* 2.1.2 Special playlists
* 2.1.3 Library sharing
* 2.1.4 Artwork printing
* 2.1.5 Sound processing
* 2.2 Video
* 2.3 Podcasts
* 2.4 Books
* 2.5 Apps
* 2.6 iTunes Store
* 2.6.1 iTunes U
* 2.6.2 iTunes in the Cloud and iTunes Match
* 2.7 Internet radio and music streaming
* 2.8 iPhone activation
* 2.9 Ping
* 3 Criticism
* 3.1 Security
* 3.2 Software bloat
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## History

SoundJam MP, released by Casady & Greene in 1998, was renamed "iTunes" when Apple purchased it in 2000. The primary developers of the software moved to Apple as part of the acquisition, and simplified SoundJam's user interface, added the ability to burn CDs, and removed its recording feature and skin support.[2] The first version of iTunes, promotionally dubbed "World’s Best and Easiest To Use Jukebox Software",[3] was announced on January 9, 2001.[4] Subsequent releases of iTunes often coincided with new hardware devices, and gradually included support for new features, including "smart playlists," the iTunes Store, and new audio formats.[4]

### Platform availability

Apple released iTunes for Windows in 2003.[5] In May 2017, Microsoft and Apple announced that they would bring iTunes to the Microsoft Store by the end of that year[6] in order to work on Windows 10 S devices, which are limited to software available in the Microsoft Store.[7] However, Apple told ZDNet in December that it "[needs] a little more time to get it right", and thus won't be available in 2017.[8]Apple released the Microsoft Store version on April 26, 2018.[9]

## Media management

### Music

#### Metadata and music importation

iTunes features a music library. Each track has attributes, called metadata, that can be edited by the user, including changing the name of the artist, album, and genre, year of release, artwork, among other additional settings.[10][11] The software supports importing digital audio tracks that can then be transferred to iOS devices,[12] as well as supporting ripping content from CDs.[13][14] iTunes supports WAV, AIFF, Apple Lossless, AAC, and MP3 audio formats.[15] It uses the Gracenote music database to provide track name listings for audio CDs. When users rip content from a CD, iTunes attempts to match songs to the Gracenote service. For self-published CDs, or those from obscure record labels, iTunes will normally only list tracks as numbered entries ("Track 1", "Track 2") on an unnamed album by an unknown artist, requiring manual input of data.[16]

File metadata is displayed in users' libraries in columns, including album, artist, genre, composer, and more.[17] Users can enable or disable different columns, as well as change view settings.[18]

#### Special playlists

Introduced in 2004,[19] "Party Shuffle" selected tracks to play randomly from the library, though users could press a button to skip the current song and go to the next in the list.[20] The feature was later renamed "iTunes DJ",[21] before being discontinued altogether, replaced by a simpler "Up Next" feature that notably lost some of "iTunes DJ"'s functionality.[22]

Introduced in iTunes 8 in 2008, "Genius" can automatically generate a playlist of songs from the user's library that "go great together".[23] "Genius" transmits information about the user's library to Apple anonymously, and evolves over time to enhance its recommendation system. It can also suggest purchases to fill out "holes" in the library.[24] The feature was updated with iTunes 9 in 2009 to offer "Genius Mixes", which generated playlists based on specific music genres.[25][26]

"Smart playlists" are a set of playlists that can be set to automatically filter the library based on a customized list of selection criteria, much like a database query. Multiple criteria can be entered to manage the smart playlist.[27] Selection criteria examples include a genre like Christmas music, songs that haven't been played recently, or songs the user has listened to the most in a time period.[28]

#### Library sharing

Through a "Home Sharing" feature, users can share their iTunes library wirelessly.[29] Computer firewalls must allow network traffic, and users must specifically enable sharing in the iTunes preferences menu. iOS applications also exist that can transfer content without Internet.[30] Additionally, users can set up a network-attached storage system, and connect to that storage system through an app.[31]

#### Artwork printing

To compensate for the "boring" design of standard CDs, iTunes can print custom-made jewel case inserts. After burning a CD from a playlist, one can select that playlist and bring up a dialog box with several print options, including different "Themes" of album artworks.[32]

#### Sound processing

iTunes includes sound processing features, such as equalization, "sound enhancement" and crossfade. There is also a feature called Sound Check, which automatically adjusts the playback volume of all songs in the library to the same level.[33][34]

### Video

In May 2005, video support was introduced to iTunes with the release of iTunes 4.8,[35] though it was limited to bonus features part of album purchases.[36] The following October, Apple introduced iTunes 6, enabling support for purchasing and viewing video content purchased from the iTunes Store. At launch, the store offered popular shows from the ABC network, including Desperate Housewives and Lost, along with Disney Channel series That's So Raven and The Suite Life of Zack and Cody. Then-CEO Steve Jobs told the press that "We’re doing for video what we’ve done for music — we’re making it easy and affordable to purchase and download, play on your computer, and take with you on your iPod".[37]

In 2008, Apple and select film studios introduced "iTunes Digital Copy", a feature on select DVDs and Blu-ray discs allowing a digital copy in iTunes and associated media players.[38][39][40]

### Podcasts

The icon used by Apple to represent a podcast

In June 2005, Apple updated iTunes with support for podcasts.[41][42] Users can subscribe to podcasts, change update frequency, define how many episodes to download and how many to delete.[42]

Similarly to songs, "Smart playlists" can be used to control podcasts in a playlist, setting criteria such as date and number of times listened to.[43]

### Books

In January 2010, Apple announced the iPad tablet, and along with it, a new app for it called Apple Books (previously known as iBooks). The app allowed users to purchase e-books from the iTunes Store, manage them through iTunes, and transfer the content to their iPad.[44]

### Apps

On July 10, 2008, Apple introduced native mobile apps for its iOS operating system. On iOS, a dedicated App Store application served as the storefront for browsing, purchasing and managing applications, whereas iTunes on computers had a dedicated section for apps rather than a separate app.[45] In September 2017, Apple updated iTunes to version 12.7, removing the App Store section in the process.[46][47] However, the following month, iTunes 12.6.3 was also released, retaining the App Store, with 9to5Mac noting that the secondary release was positioned by Apple as "necessary for some businesses performing internal app deployments".[48][49]

### iTunes Store

On April 28, 2003, Apple introduced the iTunes Store, then-named "iTunes Music Store". It allowed users to buy and download songs, with 200,000 tracks available at launch. In its first week, customers bought more than one million songs.[50] Music purchased was protected by FairPlay, an encryption layer referred to as digital rights management (DRM).[51] The use of DRM, which limited devices capable of playing purchased files,[52] sparked efforts to remove the protection mechanism.[53] Eventually, after an open letter to the music industry by then-CEO Steve Jobs in February 2007,[54] Apple introduced a selection of DRM-free music in the iTunes Store in April 2007,[55] followed by its entire music catalog without DRM in January 2009.[56]

In October 2005, Apple announced that movies and television shows would become available through its iTunes Store, employing the DRM protection.[37]

#### iTunes U

In May 2007, Apple announced the launch of "iTunes U" via the iTunes Store, which delivers university lectures from top U.S. colleges.[57][58]

With iTunes version 12.7 in August 2017, iTunes U collections became a part of the Podcasts app.[59]

#### iTunes in the Cloud and iTunes Match

In June 2011, Apple announced "iTunes in the Cloud", in which music purchases were stored on Apple's servers and made available for automatic downloading on new devices. For music the user owns, such as content ripped from CDs, the company introduced "iTunes Match", a feature that can upload content to Apple's servers, match it to its catalog, change the quality to 256kbit/s AAC format, and make it available to other devices.[60][61]

### Internet radio and music streaming

When iTunes was first released, it came with support for the Kerbango Internet radio tuner service.[62] In June 2013, the company announced iTunes Radio, a free music streaming service.[63] In June 2015, Apple announced Apple Music, its paid music streaming service, and subsequently rebranded iTunes Radio into Beats 1, a radio station accompanying Apple Music.[64]

### iPhone activation

iTunes was used to activate early iPhone models. Beginning with the iPhone 3G in June 2008, activation did not require iTunes, making use of activation at point of sale.[65]

### Ping

With the release of iTunes 10 in September 2010, Apple announced iTunes Ping, which then-CEO Steve Jobs described as "social music discovery". It had features reminiscent of Facebook, including profiles and the ability to follow other users.[66] Ping was discontinued in September 2012.[67]

## Criticism

### Security

The Telegraph reported in November 2011 that Apple had been aware of a security vulnerability since 2008 that would let unauthorized third parties install "updates" to users' iTunes software. Apple fixed the issue prior to the Telegraph's report, and told the media that "The security and privacy of our users is extremely important", though this was questioned by security researcher Brian Krebs, who told the publication that "A prominent security researcher warned Apple about this dangerous vulnerability in mid-2008, yet the company waited more than 1,200 days to fix the flaw".[68]

### Software bloat

iTunes has been repeatedly accused of being bloated as part of Apple's efforts to turn it from a program that plays music to an all-encompassing multimedia platform.[46][69][70][71][72] Former PC World editor Ed Bott accused the company of hypocrisy in its advertising attacks on Windows for similar practices.[73]

## See also

* iTunes Festival
* iTunes Store
* iTunes version history
* AirPlay
* List of audio conversion software
* Comparison of iPod managers
* Distribution Into iTunes
* FairPlay
* Feed aggregators:
* Feed aggregators, comparison
* Feed aggregators, List
* Media players, comparison
* Music visualization

## References

1. ↑ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, p. 427, ISBN 9781405881180
2. ↑ Seff, Jonathan (May 1, 2001). "The Song Is Over for SoundJam". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1002145/11soundjam.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
3. ↑ Cheng, Jacqui (November 23, 2012). "iTunes through the ages". Condé Nast. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/11/itunes-through-the-ages/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 McElhearn, Kirk (January 9, 2016). "15 years of iTunes: A look at Apple’s media app and its influence on an industry". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/3019878/software/15-years-of-itunes-a-look-at-apples-media-app-and-its-influence-on-an-industry.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
5. ↑ "Apple Launches iTunes for Windows". Apple Inc.. October 16, 2003. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2003/10/16Apple-Launches-iTunes-for-Windows/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
6. ↑ Warren, Tom (May 11, 2017). "Apple is bringing iTunes to the Windows Store". Vox Media. https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/11/15616594/apple-itunes-windows-store-app-windows-10. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
7. ↑ Fingas, Jon (May 11, 2017). "Apple is bringing iTunes to the Windows Store". Oath Inc.. https://www.engadget.com/2017/05/11/itunes-in-windows-store/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
8. ↑ Foley, Mary Jo (December 15, 2017). "iTunes won't be in the Microsoft Store this year". CBS Interactive. http://www.zdnet.com/article/itunes-wont-be-in-the-microsoft-store-this-year/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
9. ↑ Warren, Tom (April 26, 2018). "iTunes is now available in the Microsoft Store for Windows 10". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/26/17287260/itunes-windows-10-microsoft-store-download.
10. ↑ Elliott, Matt (April 30, 2014). "Clean up and organize your iTunes music library". CBS Interactive. https://www.cnet.com/how-to/clean-up-and-organize-your-itunes-music-library/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
11. ↑ Miller, Dan (February 13, 2014). "How I edit track metadata in iTunes". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/2097420/how-i-edit-track-metadata-in-itunes.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
12. ↑ Costello, Sam (October 4, 2017). "How to Import Downloaded Music to iTunes". Dotdash. https://www.lifewire.com/add-downloaded-mp3s-to-itunes-4103834. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
13. ↑ Costello, Sam (June 13, 2017). "Use iTunes to Copy CDs to Your iPhone or iPod". Dotdash. https://www.lifewire.com/copy-cd-to-ipod-iphone-with-itunes-1999496. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
14. ↑ Breen, Christopher (January 12, 2011). "How to rip CDs with iTunes". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1156861/software-graphics/howto-rip-cds.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
15. ↑ McElhearn, Kirk (April 14, 2016). "The complete guide to using iTunes with lossless audio". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/3053566/software/the-complete-guide-to-using-itunes-with-lossless-audio.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
16. ↑ Costello, Sam (March 28, 2017). "What To Do When iTunes Doesn't Have CD Names for Your Music". Dotdash. https://www.lifewire.com/when-itunes-doesnt-have-cd-names-for-music-2000484. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
17. ↑ Bove, Tony. "How to browse iTunes by artist and album". John Wiley & Sons. http://www.dummies.com/consumer-electronics/mp3-players/ipod/how-to-browse-itunes-by-artist-and-album/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
18. ↑ Bohon, Cory (August 21, 2015). "How to change iTunes playlist view". Future plc. http://www.techradar.com/how-to/software/applications/how-to-change-itunes-playlist-view-1302442. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
19. ↑ Snell, Jason (April 28, 2004). "iTunes 4.5: Hits and Misses". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1030797/000169.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
20. ↑ McElhearn, Kirk (February 5, 2007). "Doing the iTunes shuffle". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1055239/marchplaylist.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
21. ↑ Hahn, Jason Duaine (January 10, 2015). "Happy Birthday, iTunes: Here's How Apple's Media App Has Changed Over 14 Years". Verizon Hearst Media Partners. http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2015/01/worst-itunes-changes/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
22. ↑ Costello, Sam (February 9, 2017). "Using the Up Next Feature in iTunes". Dotdash. https://www.lifewire.com/up-next-feature-in-itunes-4103858. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
23. ↑ Chartier, David (September 9, 2008). "Apple rocks out, announces new iPods, iTunes 8". Condé Nast. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2008/09/apple-announces-new-products-at-lets-rock-event/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
24. ↑ Dumas, Daniel (September 9, 2008). "Let's rock: Apple unveils new iPod, Genius playlists, HDTV, NBC". Condé Nast. https://www.wired.com/2008/09/apple-event-let/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
25. ↑ Cox, Tim (September 9, 2009). "Tip: Update Genius in iTunes 9 to Access Genius Mixes". https://www.cultofmac.com/16094/update-genius-in-itunes-9-to-access-genius-mixes/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
26. ↑ Sande, Steven (September 11, 2009). "iTunes 9 Genius Mixes: You don't need to be a genius to create 'em". Oath Inc.. https://www.engadget.com/2009/09/11/itunes-9-genius-mixes-you-dont-need-to-be-a-genius-to-create/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
27. ↑ Gardiner, Bryan (September 3, 2013). "Use Smart playlists to keep your iPhone filled with your newest music". Condé Nast. https://www.wired.com/2013/09/itunes-smart-playlist/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
28. ↑ Trapani, Gina (February 13, 2008). "Top 10 iTunes Smart Playlists". Univision Communications. https://lifehacker.com/355743/top-10-itunes-smart-playlists. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
29. ↑ Rawlinson, Nik (June 13, 2012). "How to share your iTunes music library on a home network". CBS Interactive. https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-share-your-itunes-music-library-on-a-home-network/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
30. ↑ Prindle, Drew (April 4, 2013). "How to share your iTunes library". https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/how-to-share-your-itunes-library/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
31. ↑ Whitney, Lance (February 16, 2017). "How to Share Your iTunes Library Among Multiple Devices". Ziff Davis. http://uk.pcmag.com/music-products/87884/news/how-to-share-your-itunes-library-among-multiple-devices. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
32. ↑ Heid, Jim (October 18, 2004). "Create CD Inserts in iTunes". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1040086/software-graphics/digitalhubnov.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
33. ↑ Kessler, Topher (December 4, 2012). "How to improve sound quality in iTunes". CBS Interactive. https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-improve-sound-quality-in-itunes/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
34. ↑ McElhearn, Kirk (June 6, 2016). "How to tweak your sound in iTunes and on iOS devices". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/3074418/streaming-media/how-to-tweak-your-sound-in-itunes-and-on-ios-devices.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
35. ↑ "iTunes 4.8 adds video support, Yorkdale store photos, more". May 9, 2005. http://appleinsider.com/articles/05/05/09/itunes_48_adds_video_support_yorkdale_store_photos_more. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
36. ↑ Dormehl, Luke (May 9, 2017). "Today in Apple history: iTunes experiments with video downloads". https://www.cultofmac.com/480263/today-apple-history-itunes-experiments-video-downloads/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Honan, Mathew (October 12, 2005). "Apple Releases iTunes 6". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1047429/itunes6.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
38. ↑ Frakes, Dan (January 22, 2008). "First Look: iTunes Digital Copy". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1131751/digitalcopy.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
39. ↑ "Lionsgate joins Apple's Digital Copy for iTunes program". March 10, 2008. http://appleinsider.com/articles/08/03/10/lionsgate_joins_apples_digital_copy_for_itunes_program.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
40. ↑ Hughes, Neil (September 22, 2017). "iTunes Digital Copy redemptions from non-4K Blu-rays appear to support 4K streaming on new Apple TV". http://appleinsider.com/articles/17/09/22/itunes-digital-copy-redemptions-from-non-4k-blu-rays-appear-to-support-4k-streaming-on-new-apple-tv. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
41. ↑ Naughton, Pete (June 14, 2015). "The 10 best ever podcasts". Telegraph Media Group. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11668186/The-10-best-ever-podcasts.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Farivar, Cyrus (June 28, 2005). "iTunes 4.9 First Look: Apple takes on Podcasting". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1045522/podcastingfirstlook.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
43. ↑ Schramm, Mike (February 1, 2008). "How to: Create a smart podcast playlist in iTunes". Oath Inc.. https://www.engadget.com/2008/02/01/how-to-create-a-smart-podcast-playlist-in-itunes/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
44. ↑ Johnson, Bobbie; Arthur, Charles (January 27, 2010). "Apple iPad: the wait is over – but is it future of media or oversized phone?". Guardian Media Group. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/jan/27/apple-ipad-tablet-computer-kindle. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
45. ↑ Friedman, Lex (July 8, 2013). "The App Store turns five: A look back and forward". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/2043841/the-app-store-turns-five-a-look-back-and-forward.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Welch, Chris (September 12, 2017). "Apple starts cutting the bloat from iTunes by removing iOS App Store". Vox Media. https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/12/16298988/apple-itunes-desktop-update-removes-app-store. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
47. ↑ Smith, Jake (September 13, 2017). "Apple's iTunes removes iOS App Store from desktop version". CBS Interactive. http://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-removes-ios-app-store-from-desktop-versions-of-itunes/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
48. ↑ Mayo, Benjamin (October 9, 2017). "Apple still offers an iTunes version with App Store, Ringtones and other features removed in ‘focused’ iTunes 12.7". https://9to5mac.com/2017/10/09/apple-itunes-apps-focused-removed-stopgap/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
49. ↑ Hardwick, Tim (October 9, 2017). "Apple Quietly Releases iTunes 12.6.3 With Built-In App Store". https://www.macrumors.com/2017/10/09/apple-itunes-with-app-store-included/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
50. ↑ Chen, Brian X. (April 28, 2010). "April 28, 2003: Apple opens iTunes Store". Condé Nast. https://www.wired.com/2010/04/0428itunes-music-store-opens/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
51. ↑ Dilger, Daniel Eran (February 26, 2007). "How FairPlay Works: Apple's iTunes DRM Dilemma". http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/RDM.Tech.Q1.07/2A351C60-A4E5-4764-A083-FF8610E66A46.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
52. ↑ Hamilton, Dave (September 2, 2015). "How iTunes Movie DRM-Removal Software Keeps Me Honest". https://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/itunes-drm-removal-keeps-me-legal. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
53. ↑ Tanous, Jim (September 2, 2015). "The iTunes DRM Removal Saga: NoteBurner and a Look Back at Requiem". https://www.tekrevue.com/itunes-drm-removal/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
54. ↑ Kim, Arnold (February 6, 2007). "Steve Jobs 'Thoughts on Music' - Asks for No Digital Rights Management". https://www.macrumors.com/2007/02/06/steve-jobs-thoughts-on-music/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
55. ↑ Arrington, Michael (April 2, 2007). "EMI, Apple To Sell DRM-Free Music for $1.29/song". Oath Inc.. https://techcrunch.com/2007/04/02/emi-apple-are-announcing-sale-of-non-drm-music/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
56. ↑ Johnson, Bobbie (January 6, 2009). "Apple drops DRM copy protection from millions of iTunes songs". Guardian Media Group. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/jan/06/apple-drops-itunes-copy-protection. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
57. ↑ Cohen, Peter (May 30, 2007). "iTunes U comes to the iTunes Store". International Data Group. https://www.macworld.com/article/1058118/itunesu.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
58. ↑ McNulty, Scott (May 30, 2007). "iTunes U comes to the iTunes Store". Oath Inc.. https://www.engadget.com/2007/05/30/itunes-u-comes-to-the-itunes-store/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
59. ↑ Hardwick, Tim (August 21, 2017). "iTunes U Collections Will Move to Apple Podcasts From September". https://www.macrumors.com/2017/08/21/itunes-u-collections-to-apple-podcasts-september/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
60. ↑ Ziegler, Chris (June 6, 2011). "iTunes in the Cloud beta available today, iTunes Match lets you 'upload' the tracks you already own for $24.99 a year". Vox Media. https://www.theverge.com/2011/06/06/itunes-cloud-announced/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
61. ↑ Myers, Courtney Boyd (June 6, 2011). "iTunes Match: Apple announces its cloud based music service". https://thenextweb.com/wwdc/2011/06/06/apple-announces-itunes-in-the-cloud/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
62. ↑ Gray, Tyler (September 18, 2013). "Why Apple’s iTunes Is Still Fundamentally Flawed, Even In iOS 7". Mansueto Ventures. https://www.fastcompany.com/3017628/why-apples-itunes-is-still-fundamentally-flawed-even-in-ios-7. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
63. ↑ Gross, Doug (June 11, 2013). "Apple arrives (late?) to music streaming with iTunes Radio". Turner Broadcasting System. http://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/10/tech/web/itunes-radio-apple-wwdc/index.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
64. ↑ Popper, Ben; Singleton, Micah (June 8, 2015). "Apple announces its streaming music service, Apple Music". Vox Media. https://www.theverge.com/2015/6/8/8729481/apple-music-streaming-service-wwdc-15. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
65. ↑ Geller, Jonathan (June 9, 2008). "iPhone 3G: the details you never wanted to know". Penske Media Corporation. http://bgr.com/2008/06/09/iphone-3g-the-details-you-never-wanted-to-know/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
66. ↑ Albanesius, Chloe (September 1, 2010). "Apple Goes Social with 'Ping' Inside iTunes 10". Ziff Davis. https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2368579,00.asp. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
67. ↑ Moscaritolo, Angela (September 13, 2012). "Apple Shutting Down iTunes Ping on Sept. 30". Ziff Davis. http://uk.pcmag.com/music-products/60441/news/apple-shutting-down-itunes-ping-on-sept-30. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
68. ↑ Williams, Christopher (November 24, 2011). "Apple iTunes flaw 'allowed government spying for 3 years'". Telegraph Media Group. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/8912714/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
69. ↑ Wang, Amy (April 28, 2016). "iTunes is 13 years old—and it’s still awful". Atlantic Media. https://qz.com/666078/itunes-is-13-years-old-today-and-its-still-awful/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
70. ↑ Lovejoy, Ben (July 28, 2015). "Opinion: iTunes is now so clunky the only safe solution is to nuke it from orbit". https://9to5mac.com/2015/07/28/opinion-itunes-nuke-from-orbit/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
71. ↑ Meyer, Robinson (July 29, 2015). "iTunes Really Is That Bad". Emerson Collective. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/07/why-is-itunes-so-bad/399833/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
72. ↑ Gilbertson, Scott (November 5, 2008). "The top ten reasons iTunes sucks". Condé Nast. https://www.wired.com/2008/11/the_top_ten_reasons_itunes_sucks/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
73. ↑ Bott, Ed (October 3, 2008). "Slimming down the bloated iTunes installer". CBS Interactive. http://www.zdnet.com/article/slimming-down-the-bloated-itunes-installer/. Retrieved December 16, 2017.

## External links

* – official site
*   * iTunes Widgets
* iTunes Login – login guide

iTunes

* v
* t
* e

Media player software

Free software

| Windows|

* Media Player Classic
* MediaPortal
* Mpxplay

|

Linux|

| active|

* cmus
* Kaffeine
* Music on Console
* Noise
* Parole
* Rhythmbox
* GNOME Videos
* Xine
* XMMS2

|

inactive|

* JuK
* Muine
* Ogle DVD Player
* XMMS
* QuuxPlayer
* Baudline
* Helix

Cross-platform|

| active|

* Amarok
* Audacious
* DeaDBeeF
* Exaile
* ffplay
* Kodi
* Mpg123
* MPlayer/mpv (IINA, SMPlayer)
* Emby
* Music Player Daemon
* MusikCube
* qmmp
* Quod Libet
* VLC

|

inactive|

* Banshee
* Miro
* Nightingale
* Songbird
* Zinf
* Clementine

Freeware

| Windows|

* Adobe Media Player
* AIMP
* Dell MediaDirect
* foobar2000
* GOM Player
* Groove Music
* jetAudio
* KMPlayer
* MadCat Media Browser
* Media Go
* MediaMonkey
* Microsoft Movies & TV
* Microsoft Photos
* Mod4Win
* MusicBee
* MusikCube
* InterActual Player
* PotPlayer
* QuickTime
* Quintessential Player
* Style Jukebox
* Winamp

|

Cross-platform|

* Boxee
* DivX Player
* iTunes
* Plex
* QuickTime
* RealPlayer

Commercial (proprietary)

| Windows|

* CD Player
* Connect Player
* DVD Player
* JRiver Media Center
* PowerDVD
* TotalMedia Theatre
* SonicStage
* WinDVD
* Windows Media Center
* Windows Media Player
* Yahoo! Music Jukebox

|

macOS|

* DVD Player
* Front Row
* Peel

Mobile|

* CoreAVC CorePlayer
* Core Pocket Media Player
* doubleTwist
* RealPlayer
* TuneWiki
* Winamp

Lists

* Video players
* Audio players
* Free software audio players
* Portable media players
* Personal video recorders

* v
* t
* e

Software by Apple

OS|

* audioOS
* Darwin
* iOS
* version history
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* iPadOS
* macOS
* Public Beta
* "Cheetah"
* "Puma"
* "Jaguar"
* "Panther"
* "Tiger"
* "Leopard"
* "Snow Leopard"
* "Lion"
* "Mountain Lion"
* "Mavericks"
* "Yosemite"
* "El Capitan"
* "Sierra"
* "High Sierra"
* "Mojave"
* "Catalina"
* tvOS
* watchOS

Consumer|

* iBooks Author
* iCloud
* iLife
* iMovie
* GarageBand
* iWork
* Keynote
* Pages
* Numbers
* Clips

Professional|

* FileMaker
* Final Cut Pro X
* Motion
* Compressor
* Logic Pro
* Mainstage

Education|

* Classroom
* Schoolwork

Bundled|

* Calendar
* iTunes
* history
* Mail
* Messages
* Music
* Photo Booth
* Photos
* Podcasts
* QuickTime
* Safari
* version history
* TextEdit

Server|

* Apple Remote Desktop
* FoundationDB
* macOS Server
* WebObjects
* Xsan

Developer|

* Dashcode
* Instruments
* Interface Builder
* Quartz Composer
* Swift
* Xcode
* iAd Producer

Discontinued|

* .Mac
* Aperture
* AppleWorks
* Bento
* Classic Mac OS
* System 1
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* Color
* DVD Studio Pro
* Final Cut Express
* Final Cut Pro
* Final Cut Studio
* Front Row
* HyperCard
* iChat
* iDVD
* iPhoto
* iWeb
* Logic Express
* Logic Studio
* MacDraw
* MacPaint
* MacProject
* MacTerminal
* MacWrite
* MobileMe
* ResEdit
* Shake
* Soundtrack Pro

* v
* t
* e

Apple Inc. software on Windows platforms

Software|

* Bonjour
* Boot Camp
* iCloud
* iTunes
* Software Update

Discontinued|

* AirPort Utility
* AppleWorks
* MobileMe
* QuickTime
* Safari

* v
* t
* e

macOS

* History
* Architecture
* Components
* Server
* Software

Versions|

* Server 1.0 Hera
* Public Beta Kodiak
* 10.0 Cheetah
* 10.1 Puma
* 10.2 Jaguar
* 10.3 Panther
* 10.4 Tiger
* 10.5 Leopard
* 10.6 Snow Leopard
* 10.7 Lion
* 10.8 Mountain Lion
* 10.9 Mavericks
* 10.10 Yosemite
* 10.11 El Capitan
* 10.12 Sierra
* 10.13 High Sierra
* 10.14 Mojave
* 10.15 Catalina

Applications|

* App Store
* Automator
* Calculator
* Calendar
* Chess
* Contacts
* Dictionary
* DVD Player
* FaceTime
* Finder
* Game Center
* Grapher
* Home
* iTunes (history)
* Launchpad
* Mail
* Messages
* News
* Music
* Notes
* Notification Center
* Podcasts
* Photo Booth
* Photos
* Preview
* QuickTime
* Reminders
* Safari (version history)
* Stickies
* TextEdit
* Time Machine

Discontinued|

* Dashboard
* Front Row
* iChat
* iPhoto
* iSync
* Sherlock

Utilities|

* Activity Monitor
* AirPort Utility
* AppleScript Editor
* Archive Utility
* Audio MIDI Setup
* Bluetooth File Exchange
* Boot Camp
* ColorSync
* Configurator
* Console
* Crash Reporter
* DigitalColor Meter
* Directory Utility
* DiskImageMounter
* Disk Utility
* Font Book
* Grab
* Help Viewer
* Image Capture
* Installer
* Keychain Access
* Migration Assistant
* Network Utility
* ODBC Administrator
* Screen Sharing
* System Preferences
* System Information
* Terminal
* Universal Access
* VoiceOver

Discontinued|

* Software Update
* Remote Install Mac OS X

Technology and user interface|

* AirDrop
* Apple File System
* Apple menu
* Apple Push Notification service
* AppleScript
* Aqua
* Audio Units
* AVFoundation
* Bonjour
* Bundle
* CloudKit
* Cocoa
* ColorSync
* Command key
* Core Animation
* Core Audio
* Core Data
* Core Foundation
* Core Image
* Core OpenGL
* Core Text
* Core Video
* CUPS
* Cover Flow
* Darwin
* Dock
* FileVault
* Fonts
* Gatekeeper
* Grand Central Dispatch
* icns
* iCloud
* I/O Kit
* Kernel panic
* Keychain
* launchd
* Mach-O
* Menu extra
* Metal
* Mission Control
* OpenCL
* Option key
* Preference Pane
* Property list
* Quartz
* Quick Look
* Smart Folders
* Speakable items
* Spotlight
* Stacks
* System Integrity Protection
* Uniform Type Identifier
* Universal binary
* WebKit
* XNU
* XQuartz

Deprecated|

* HFS+

Discontinued|

* BootX
* Brushed metal
* Carbon
* Classic Environment
* Inkwell
* QTKit
* Rosetta
* Spaces
* Xgrid

* v
* t
* e

News aggregators

Client
software|

| Standalone|

* Akregator
* BlogBridge
* FeedDemon
* Feedreader
* Flipboard
* Genieo
* Google Currents
* Google News
* Liferea
* NetNewsWire
* NewsAccess
* Newsbeuter
* NewsFire
* QuiteRSS
* RSS Bandit
* RSSOwl
* Seesmic
* Vable
* WebFetch

|

Web browsers|

* AOL Explorer
* Avant Browser
* Basilisk
* Camino
* iCab
* Flock
* Internet Explorer
* K-Meleon
* Kazehakase
* Maxthon
* Firefox
* GNOME Web
* Netscape Browser
* Netscape Navigator 9
* OmniWeb
* Opera
* Pale Moon
* Safari
* SeaMonkey
* Shiira
* Sleipnir
* Tencent Traveler
* Vivaldi
* Waterfox

Email clients|

* Apple Mail
* Claws Mail
* Gnus
* IBM Notes
* Microsoft Outlook
* Mozilla Thunderbird
* Netscape Messenger 9
* Opera Mail
* Pegasus Mail
* The Bat!
* Windows Live Mail
* Zimbra

Web browser plugins|

* Cooliris
* Sage

Web apps or
mobile apps|

* Bloglines
* CommaFeed
* Cheetah News
* Daylife
* Digg Reader
* Drupal
* Feedbin
* Feedly
* FriendFeed
* Google News
* Google Reader
* iGoogle
* dotCMS
* Imooty.eu
* Magnolia
* My Yahoo!
* News360
* NewsBlur
* Newsknowledge
* Netvibes
* Pageflakes
* Planet
* Pulse
* Rojo.com
* Prismatic
* Spokeo
* The Old Reader
* Tiny Tiny RSS
* TweetDeck
* WebGUI
* Windows Live Personalized Experience
* winnowTag

Media
aggregators|

| Podcatcher|

* Adobe Media Player
* Akregator
* Amarok
* Flock
* iTunes
* Juice
* MediaMonkey
* Miro
* Rhythmbox
* Songbird
* Winamp
* Zune

|

RSS+BitTorrent|

* BitLord
* BitTorrent 6
* Deluge
* Miro
* Opera Mail
* qBittorrent
* TorrentFlux
* Tribler
* μTorrent
* Vuze

Related
articles|

* Comparison of feed aggregators
* History of Media aggregation
* RSS enclosure

Italics indicate discontinued software.

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