List of computer algebra systems

Short description: none

The following tables provide a comparison of computer algebra systems (CAS).[1][2][3] A CAS is a package comprising a set of algorithms for performing symbolic manipulations on algebraic objects, a language to implement them, and an environment in which to use the language.[4][5] A CAS may include a user interface and graphics capability; and to be effective may require a large library of algorithms, efficient data structures and a fast kernel.[6]

## Contents

* 1 General
* 1.1 Functionality
* 1.2 Operating system support
* 2 Graphing calculators
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## General

System  | Creator  | Development started  | First public release  | Latest stable version  | Latest stable release date  | Cost (USD)  | License  | Notes

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Axiom | Richard Jenks  | 1977  | 1993 and 2002[7] |  | 2014[8] | Free  | modified BSD license | General purpose CAS. Continuous Release using Docker Containers
Cadabra | Kasper Peeters  | 2001  | 2007  |  |  | Free  | GNU GPL | CAS for tensor field theory
CoCoA | John Abbott, Anna M. Bigatti, Giovanni Lagorio  | 1987  | 1995  | 5.2.0 | 2017  | Free  | GNU GPL | Specialized CAS for commutative algebra
Derive | Soft Warehouse  | 1979  | 1988  | 6.1 | 2007  | Discontinued  | Proprietary | CAS designed for DOS and Windows microcomputers; it was discontinued in 2007
Erable (aka ALGB)  | Bernard Parisse (fr), Mika Heiskanen, Claude-Nicolas Fiechter  | 1993  | 1993  | 4.20060919 | 2009  | Free  | LGPL | CAS designed for Hewlett-Packard scientific graphing calculators of the HP 48/49/40/50 series; discontinued in 2009
Fermat | Robert H. Lewis  | 1986  | 1993  | 6.5 | 2021  | $70 if grant money available, otherwise $0  | GNU GPL | Specialized CAS for resultant computation and linear algebra with polynomial entries
FORM | J.A.M. Vermaseren  | 1984  | 1989  | 4.3.1 | 2023[9] | Free  | GNU GPL | CAS designed mainly for particle physics
FriCAS | Waldek Hebisch  | 2007  | 2007  | 1.3.13 | 2026  | Free  | modified BSD license | Full-featured general purpose CAS. Especially strong at symbolic integration.
GAP | GAP Group  | 1986  | 1986  |  |  | Free  | GNU GPL[10] | Specialized CAS for group theory and combinatorics.
GeoGebra CAS | Markus Hohenwarter et al.  |  | 2013  | 6.0.753.0 | 2023  | Free for non-commercial use[11] | Freeware[11] | Web-based or Desktop CAS Calculator
GiNaC | Christian Bauer, Alexander Frink, Richard B. Kreckel, et al.  | 1999  | 1999  |  |  | Free  | GNU GPL | Integrate symbolic computation into C++ programs; no high-level interface, but emphasis on interoperability.
GNU Octave | John W. Eaton  | 1993  | 1994  |  |  | Free  | GPLv3+ | A high-level programming language for scientific computing and numerical computation mostly compatible with MATLAB
KANT/KASH | KANT Group  | ?  | ?  | 3 | 2005/2008  | Free for non-commercial use  | own license  | Specialized CAS for algebraic number theory
Macaulay2 | Daniel Grayson and Michael Stillman | 1992  | 1994  | 1.24.05 | 2024  | Free  | GNU GPL | Specialized CAS for algebraic geometry and commutative algebra
Macsyma | MIT Project MAC and Symbolics | 1968  | 1978  | 2.4 | 1999  | $500  | Proprietary | One of the oldest general purpose CAS. Still alive as Maxima.
Magma | University of Sydney  | ~1990  | 1993  |  |  | $1,440  | Proprietary | General purpose CAS, originally specialized in group theory. Works with elements of algebraic structures rather than with non typed mathematical expressions
Magnus | The New York Group Theory Cooperative  | 1994  | 1997  |  | 2005  | Free  | GNU GPL | Specialized CAS for group theory providing facilities for doing calculations in and about infinite groups. Discontinued in 2005.
Maple | Symbolic Computation Group, University of Waterloo  | 1980[12] | 1984  |  |  | $2,390(Commercial), $2,265 (Government), $995 (Academic), $239 (Personal Edition), $99 (Student), $79 (Student, 12-Month term)[13] | Proprietary | One of the major general purpose CAS
Mathcad | Parametric Technology Corporation  | 1985  | 1985  | 15.0 M045 | 2021  | $1,600 (Commercial), $105 (Student), Free (Express Edition)[14] | Proprietary | Numerical software with some CAS capabilities
Mathemagix  | Joris van der Hoeven  | 1999  | 2002  |  |  | Free  | GNU GPL | Computer algebra and analysis system
Mathematica | Wolfram Research | 1986  | 1988  |  |  | $2,495 (Professional), $1,095 (Education), $295 (Personal),[15] $140 (Student), $69.95 (Student annual license),[16] free on Raspberry Pi hardware[17] | Proprietary | One of the major general purpose CAS
Mathics | Mathics Development Team  | 2011  | 2011  |  |  | Free  | GNU GPL | General-purpose open-source CAS largely compatible with the Wolfram Language.
Mathomatic | George Gesslein II  | 1986  | 1987  | 16.0.5 | 2012  | Discontinued  | LGPL | Elementary algebra, calculus, complex number and polynomial manipulations.
Maxima | MIT Project MAC and Bill Schelter et al.  | 1967  | 1998  |  |  | Free  | GNU GPL | General purpose CAS. Continuation of Macsyma; new releases occur approximately two times per year.
MuMATH | Soft Warehouse  | 1970s  | 1980  | MuMATH-83 |  | Discontinued  | Proprietary | Predecessor of Derive
MuPAD | SciFace Software  | 1989  | 2008  | 5.1 | 2008  | Discontinued  | Proprietary | MathWorks has incorporated MuPAD technology into Symbolic Math Toolbox
OpenAxiom | Gabriel Dos Reis  | 2007  | 2007  | 1.4.2 | 2013  | Free  | modified BSD license | General purpose CAS. A fork of Axiom.
PARI/GP  | Henri Cohen, Karim Belabas, Bill Allombert et al.  | 1985  | 1990  |  |  | Free  | GNU GPL | Specialized CAS for number theory.
REDUCE | Anthony C. Hearn | 1963  | 1968  | Template:Latest stable software release/REDUCE | See "Latest stable version".  | Free  | modified BSD license | One of the oldest and historically important general purpose CAS. Still alive, as open-sourced and freed in December 2008
SageMath | William A. Stein | 2005  | 2005  |  |  | Free  | GNU GPL | Mathematics software system combining a number of existing packages, including numerical computation, statistics and image processing
Scilab | Scilab Enterprises  | 1990  | 1990  |  |  | Free  | CeCILL (GPL-compatible) until version 5.5.2 GPL v2.0 since version 6.0.2  | MATLAB alternative.
SINGULAR  | University of Kaiserslautern  | 1984  | 1997  |  |  | Free  | GNU GPL | Computer algebra system for polynomial computations, with special emphasis on commutative and non-commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, and singularity theory.
SMath Studio | Andrey Ivashov  | 2004  | 2006  | 1.0.8348 | 2022  | Free  | Proprietary | Mathematical notebook program similar to Mathcad.
Symbolic Manipulation Program | Stephen Wolfram | 1979[18] | 1981  |  | 1988  | Discontinued  | Proprietary | This software was eventually replaced by Mathematica, and the newer program still retains much of the syntax and functionality of the earlier SMP.[19]
Symbolic Math Toolbox (MATLAB)  | MathWorks | 1989  | 2008  | 2024b | 2024  | $3,150 (Commercial), $99 (Student Suite), $700 (Academic), $194 (Home) including price of MATLAB.  | Proprietary | Provides tools for solving and manipulating symbolic math expressions and performing variable-precision arithmetic.
Symbolics.jl | Shashi Gowda et al.  | 2020  | 2021[20] | 7.5.0  | 2026 | Free  | MIT license  | Julia-based
SymPy | Ondřej Čertík  | 2006  | 2007  |  |  | Free  | modified BSD license | Python-based
TI-Nspire CAS (Computer Software)  | Texas Instruments | 2006  | 2009  | 5.1.3 | 2020  |  | Proprietary | Successor to Derive. Based on Derive's engine used in TI-89/Voyage 200 and TI-Nspire handheld
Wolfram Alpha | Wolfram Research |  | 2009  |  | 2013  | Pro version: $4.99 / month, Pro version for students: $2.99 / month, ioRegular version: free  | Proprietary | Online computer algebra system with step-by step solutions.
Xcas/Giac  | Bernard Parisse (fr)  | 2000  | 2000  |  |  | Free  | GPL | General CAS, also adapted for the HP Prime. Compatible modes for Maple, MuPAD and TI89 syntax. Symbolic spreadsheets, Giac library for use with other programs. ARM ports for some PDAs with Linux or WinCE[21]
Yacas | Ayal Pinkus et al.  | 1998[22] | 1999  |  |  | Free  | GNU GPL |
| Creator  | Development started  | First public release  | Latest stable version  | Latest stable release date  | Cost (USD)  | License  | Notes

These computer algebra systems are sometimes combined with "front end" programs that provide a better user interface, such as the general-purpose GNU TeXmacs.

### Functionality

Below is a summary of significantly developed symbolic functionality in each of the systems.

System  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Calculus | Solvers  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | System

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Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header".
Axiom | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Axiom
Cadabra | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Cadabra
FriCAS | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | FriCAS
GAP | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | GAP
GNU Octave | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ? | Yes  | Yes  | ? | Yes  | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes  | ? | Yes  | Yes  | ? | GNU Octave
Magma | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Magma
Magnus | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | Magnus
Maple | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Maple
Mathcad | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Mathcad
Mathematica | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes[23] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Mathematica
Mathics | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Mathics
Mathomatic | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Mathomatic
Maxima | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Maxima
PARI/GP  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes*  | No  | Yes*  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  | Yes  | PARI/GP
REDUCE | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | REDUCE
SageMath | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes[A] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes[B] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | SageMath
Scilab | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ? | Yes  | Yes  | ? | Yes  | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes  | ? | Yes  | Yes  | ? | Scilab
SMath Studio | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | SMath Studio
Symbolic Math Toolbox (MATLAB)  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Symbolic Math Toolbox (MATLAB)
SymPy | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes[24] | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | SymPy
Wolfram Alpha | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Wolfram Alpha
Xcas/Giac  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Xcas/Giac
Yacas | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | No  | Yacas

1. ^ via SymPy
2. ^ via qepcad optional package

Those which do not "edit equations" may have a GUI, plotting, ASCII graphic formulae and math font printing. The ability to generate plaintext files is also a sought-after feature because it allows a work to be understood by people who do not have a computer algebra system installed.

### Operating system support

The software can run under their respective operating systems natively without emulation. Some systems must be compiled first using an appropriate compiler for the source language and target platform. For some platforms, only older releases of the software may be available.

System  | DOS | Windows | macOS | Linux | BSD | Solaris | Android | iOS | SaaS | Other

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Axiom | ?  | Emulator  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | No  |
Cadabra | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  |
CoCoA | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  | Tru64 UNIX, HP-UX, IRIX
Derive | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  |
Erable | No  | Emulator  | Emulator  | Emulator  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | System RPL on HP 48/49/50/40 series
Euler | ?  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | No  |
Fermat | ?  | Cygwin | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | No  |
FORM | ?  | Cygwin | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  |
FriCAS | ?  | Cygwin+native  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  |
GAP | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  |
KANT/KASH  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | No  |
Macaulay2 | ?  | Cygwin | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  |
Magma | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  |
Magnus | No  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | SunOs
Maple | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  |
Mathcad | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  |
Mathematica | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Some  | No  | Some  | Some  | Yes  | Raspberry Pi[17]
Mathics | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | Runs anywhere Python runs; browser notebook via JupyterLite
Mathomatic | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | All POSIX platforms
Maxima | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | All POSIX platforms with Common Lisp
MuMATH | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | No  |
OpenAxiom  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  |
PARI/GP  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  |
REDUCE | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  |
SageMath | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  |
SINGULAR  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  |
SMath Studio | No  | Yes  | Mono | Mono | Mono | Mono | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Universal Windows Platform
Symbolic Math Toolbox (MATLAB)  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  |
SymbolicC++ | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  |
SymPy | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes[25] | Any system that supports Python
TI-Nspire (desktop software)  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  |
Xcas/Giac  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | HP Prime CAS, KhiCAS for TI Nspire
Yacas | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  |

## Graphing calculators

Some graphing calculators have CAS features.

System  | Creator  | Development started  | First public release / OS version  | Latest stable version / OS version  | Notes

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Casio CFX-9970G  | CASIO Computer Co. | ?  | 1998  |  |
Casio Algebra FX 2.0, Casio Algebra FX 2.0 Plus  | CASIO Computer Co.  | ?  | 1999  |  |
Casio ClassPad 300, Casio ClassPad 300 Plus, Casio ClassPad 330, Casio ClassPad 330 Plus, Casio ClassPad fx-CP400, Casio fx-CG500
Casio ClassPad Manager  | CASIO Computer Co. | 2002  | 2003  | 3.10.7000 (ClassPad I)

2.01.7000 (ClassPad II, fx-CG500)

| ClassPad Manager is an emulator which runs on a PC.
HP 49G, HP 49g+, HP 48gII, HP 50g, HP 40G, HP 40gs  | Hewlett-Packard | 1993  | 1.??(1999) / 4  | 2.15 (2006-09-19, 2009-04-21) / 4  | Based on Erable, which is also available as an add-on for the HP 48S, HP 48SX, HP 48G, HP 48G+, HP 48GX. Intended for problems which occur in engineering applications. Source code openly available.
HP Prime | Hewlett-Packard | 2000  | 2013  | 2.1.14433 (2020 01 21) CAS ver. 1.5.0  | Based on Xcas/Giac. Xcas source code openly available, but not HP Prime implementation.
TI-89  | Texas Instruments | 1995  | 1996  | 2.09  |
TI-89 Titanium  | Texas Instruments | 2003  | 2004  | 7/18/2005 v3.10  |
TI-92  | Texas Instruments | 1994  | 1995  | ?  |
TI-92 Plus  | Texas Instruments | 1997  | 1998  | 3/27/2003 v2.09  |
TI-Nspire CAS, TI-Nspire CX CAS, TI-Nspire CX II CAS | Texas Instruments | 2006  | 2008  | 2021 v4.5.5.79 (For TI-Nspire CX CAS), 2022 v5.4.0.259 (For TI-Nspire CX II CAS)  |
Voyage 200  | Texas Instruments | 2001  | 2002  | 7/18/2005 v3.10  |

## See also

* Category:Computer algebra systems
* Comparison of numerical-analysis software
* Comparison of statistical packages
* List of information graphics software
* List of numerical-analysis software
* List of numerical libraries
* List of open-source mathematical libraries
* List of statistical software
* Mathematical software
* Web-based simulation

## References

1. ↑ "Computer Algebra Software". Special Interest Group on Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation. Association for Computing Machinery. 2008-07-11. http://www.sigsam.org/software/index.phtml.
2. ↑ "Systems and Packages". Computer Algebra Information Network. 1998-05-07. http://www.computeralgebra.nl/systems_and_packages/systems_and_packages.html.
3. ↑ "SAC Systems Listing". SymbolicNet. http://www.symbolicnet.org/systems/Systems.html.
4. ↑ Aladjev, V.Z. (2004). Computer algebra systems : a new software toolbox for Maple. [S.l.]: Fultus Books. pp. 9. ISBN 9781596820005.
5. ↑ Labahn, K.O. Geddes; S.R. Czapor; G. (1999). Algorithms for computer algebra (6. pr. ed.). Boston: Kluwer. pp. xv. ISBN 9780792392590. https://archive.org/details/algorithmsforcom0000gedd.
6. ↑ Gerhard, Joachim von Zur Gathen; Jürgen (2003). Modern computer algebra (2. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 4. ISBN 9780521826464. https://archive.org/details/moderncomputeral00gath_990.
7. ↑ The first date is that of the first commercial release (to be checked), the second one is that of the first free license
8. ↑ "Axiom Computer Algebra System". http://www.axiom-developer.org/axiom-website/download.html.
9. ↑ "Releases - vermaseren/form - GitHub". https://github.com/vermaseren/form/releases.
10. ↑ "GAP Copyright". 2012-06-14. http://www.gap-system.org/Download/copyright.html.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "GeoGebra License". https://www.geogebra.org/license.
12. ↑ MacCallum, Malcolm A. H. (2018). "Computer algebra in gravity research". Living Reviews in Relativity 21 (1): 6. doi:10.1007/s41114-018-0015-6. ISSN 2367-3613. PMID 30174551. Bibcode: 2018LRR....21....6M.
13. ↑ "Maplesoft Web Store". https://webstore.maplesoft.com.
14. ↑ "PTC Web Store". http://www.ptc.com/product/mathcad/how-to-buy.
15. ↑ Cohen, Peter (2009-02-05). "Mathematica Home Edition Released". Macworld. http://www.macworld.com/article/138664/2009/02/mathematica.html.
16. ↑ "Wolfram Worldwide Web Store". http://store.wolfram.com.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Kastrenakes, Jacob (2013-11-21). "Raspberry Pi now includes Mathematica and Wolfram Language for free". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2013/11/21/5130394/raspberry-pi-includes-mathematica-wolfram-language-free.
18. ↑ "Wolfram Announcements Archive » Computer Algebra Pioneer Wins Nobel Prize". Wolfram Archive. 1999-10-15. https://announcements.wolfram.com/1999/computer-algebra-pioneer-wins-nobel-prize/.
19. ↑ Wolfram, Stephen (April 1985). "Symbolic Mathematical Computation". Communications of the ACM 28 (4): 390–394. doi:10.1145/3341.3347. https://content.wolfram.com/uploads/sites/34/2020/07/symbolic-mathematical-computation.pdf.
20. ↑ Gowda, Shashi; Ma, Yingbo; Cheli, Alessandro; Gwóźzdź, Maja; Shah, Viral B.; Edelman, Alan; Rackauckas, Christopher (September 2021). "High-performance symbolic-numerics via multiple dispatch" (in en). ACM Communications in Computer Algebra 55 (3): 92–96. doi:10.1145/3511528.3511535. ISSN 1932-2240. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3511528.3511535.
21. ↑ "Xcas ARM". http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en#xcaswince.
22. ↑ "Big changes ahead for Yacas". https://yacas.sourceforge.net/homepage.html?recent.html&newdesign.html.
23. ↑ "Symbolic Tensors". Mathematica Documentation. http://reference.wolfram.com/mathematica/guide/SymbolicTensors.html.
24. ↑ "SymPy release notes for 0.7.4". GitHub. https://github.com/sympy/sympy/wiki/release-notes-for-0.7.4.
25. ↑ Through SymPy Gamma

## External links

* v
* t
* e

Computer algebra systems

Open-source|

* Axiom
* Cadabra
* CoCoA
* Erable
* Fermat
* FriCAS
* FORM
* GAP
* GiNaC
* Macaulay2
* Maxima
* Normaliz
* PARI/GP
* Reduce
* SageMath
* Singular
* SymPy
* Xcas/Giac
* Yacas

Proprietary|

* ClassPad Manager
* KANT
* Magma
* Maple
* Mathcad
* Mathematica
* muPAD (MATLAB symbolic math toolbox)
* SMath Studio
* TI InterActive!

Discontinued|

* CAMAL
* Derive
* LiveMath
* Macsyma
* Mathomatic
* muMATH

* Category
* List

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