List of web browsers

This book may need to be updated to reflect current knowledge.

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Short description: none

Timeline representing the history of various web browsers

The following is a list of web browsers that are notable.

## Contents

* 1 Historical
* 2 Layout engines
* 3 Graphical
* 3.1 Trident shells
* 3.2 Gecko-based
* 3.3 Goanna-based
* 3.4 Gecko- and Trident-based
* 3.5 Webkit- and Trident-based
* 3.6 Blink- and Trident-based
* 3.7 Gecko-, Trident-, and Blink-based
* 3.8 KHTML-based
* 3.9 Presto-based
* 3.10 WebKit-based
* 3.11 Blink-based
* 3.12 EdgeHTML-based
* 3.13 For Java platform
* 3.14 Specialty browsers
* 3.14.1 Current
* 3.14.2 Discontinued
* 3.15 Mosaic-based
* 3.16 Others
* 3.17 Mobile browsers
* 4 Text-based
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Historical

## Layout engines

* Gecko is developed by the Mozilla Foundation.
* Goanna is a fork of Gecko developed by Moonchild Productions.
* Servo is an experimental web browser layout engine being developed cooperatively by Mozilla and Samsung. In 2020 the engine's development was transferred to the Linux Foundation.
* Presto was developed by Opera Software for use in Opera. Development stopped as Opera transitioned to Blink.
* Trident is developed by Microsoft for use in the Windows versions of Internet Explorer 4 to Internet Explorer 11.
* EdgeHTML is the engine developed by Microsoft for Edge. It is a largely rewritten fork of Trident with all legacy code removed.
* Tasman was developed by Microsoft for use in Internet Explorer 5 for Macintosh.
* KHTML is developed by the KDE project.
* WebKit is a fork of KHTML by Apple Inc. used in Apple Safari, and formerly in Chromium and Google Chrome.
* Blink is a 2013 fork of WebKit's WebCore component by Google used in Chromium, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera, and Vivaldi.[1]

## Graphical

Current and maintained projects are listed in boldface.

### Trident shells

Other software publishers have built browsers and other products around Microsoft's Trident engine. The following browsers are all based on that rendering engine:

* 360 Secure Browser
* AOL Explorer
* Bento Browser (built into Winamp)
* Deepnet Explorer
* GreenBrowser
* Internet Explorer
* MediaBrowser
* MSN Explorer
* NeoPlanet
* NetCaptor
* RealPlayer
* Tencent Traveler

### Gecko-based

* Camino for Mac OS X (formerly Chimera)[2]
* Conkeror, (keyboard-driven browser)
* Galeon, (GNOME's old default browser)
* K-Meleon (Windows)
* K-MeleonCCF ME (for Windows based on K-Meleon core, mostly written in Lua)
* K-Ninja for Windows (based on K-Meleon)
* MicroB (for Maemo)
* Minimo (for mobile)
* Mozilla Firefox (formerly Firebird and Phoenix, developed by the Mozilla foundation)
* AT&T Pogo (based on Firefox)
* Cliqz, (a fork of the Firefox web browser)
* CometBird, (an optimized fork of Firefox allowing video downloads)
* Comodo IceDragon (Firefox-based web browser for Windows with privacy and performance enhancements developed by Comodo)
* Flock (was based on Firefox until version 2.6.1, and based on Chromium thereafter)
* Iceweasel, (Debian's Firefox rebrand)
* GNU IceCat, (GNU's fork of Firefox)
* LibreWolf, (based on Firefox)
* Mullvad Browser, (based on Tor Browser)
* Netscape Browser 8 to Netscape Navigator 9 (discontinued)
* TenFourFox (Firefox port to PowerPC versions of Mac OS X)
* Timberwolf, (AmigaOS' Firefox rebrand)
* Tor Browser, (privacy enabled browser)
* Swiftfox (processor-optimised builds based on Firefox)
* Swiftweasel (processor-optimised builds based on Iceweasel)
* Waterfox (Firefox-based web browser for Windows, macOS, and Linux)
* xB Browser (formerly XeroBank Browser and Torpark), portable browser for anonymous browsing, originally based on Firefox
* Firefox for mobile (codenamed Fennec)
* Mozilla Application Suite
* Beonex Communicator (separate branch, based on Mozilla Application Suite)
* Classilla (an updated fork of the Suite to Mac OS 9)
* Gnuzilla (GNU's fork)
* Netscape (Netscape 6 to 7, based on Mozilla)
* SeaMonkey (successor to Mozilla Application Suite)
* Iceape (Debian's Seamonkey rebrand)
* Skyfire (for mobile)
* SlimBrowser
* Yahoo! Browser (or partnership browsers e.g. "AT&T Yahoo! Browser"; "Verizon Yahoo! Browser"; "BT Yahoo! Browser", etc.)

### Goanna-based

* Basilisk – similar to Pale Moon, but with the interface of Firefox 29–56 and a few other differences
* K-Meleon – starting from version 77 (2019)
* Pale Moon – a fork of Firefox that maintains support for XUL/XPCOM extensions and retains the user interface of the Firefox 4–28 era

### Gecko- and Trident-based

Browsers that use both Trident and Gecko include:

* K-Meleon with the IE Tab extension
* Mozilla Firefox with the IE Tab extension
* Netscape Browser 8

### Webkit- and Trident-based

* GNOME Web
* Maxthon (up until version 4.2)
* QQ browser

### Blink- and Trident-based

* Baidu Browser
* Maxthon (since version 4.2)

### Gecko-, Trident-, and Blink-based

Browsers that can use Trident, Gecko and Blink include:

* Avant Browser[3]
* Lunascape[4]

### KHTML-based

* Konqueror
* Konqueror Embedded

### Presto-based

* Internet Channel (for Wii console, Opera-based)
* Nintendo DS Browser (Opera-based)
* Opera (for releases up until 12.18[5][6])

### WebKit-based

Status | Browser

|

| Aloha Browser (iOS and Android)
experimental | Amazon Kindle NetFront Browser
discontinued | Arora
discontinued | BOLT browser
| Google Chrome for iOS
| Dolphin Browser (Android and Bada)
discontinued | Dooble (qtwebkit version discontinued) (up to Version 1.56)
| DuckDuckGo for Mac[7]
| Firefox for iOS
discontinued | Flock (version 3.0 and above)
| GNOME Web (Epiphany)
| iCab (version 4 uses WebKit; earlier versions used its own rendering engine)
discontinued | Iris Browser
| Konqueror (version 4 can use WebKit as an alternative to its native KHTML)[8]
| Maxthon (version 3.0 to 5.0. Since version 6 Maxthon uses Chromium[9])
| Midori
| Microsoft Edge for iOS
| Nintendo 3DS NetFront Browser
| Nintendo Wii U NetFront Browser NX
discontinued | OmniWeb
| Otter Browser (uses Blink and WebKit; aims to recreate the features of old Opera)
discontinued | OWB
discontinued | QtWeb
| qutebrowser (a Blink-based backend is currently used by default)
| Roccat Browser
discontinued | Rekonq
| Safari
discontinued | PhantomJS (a headless browser)
discontinued | Shiira
discontinued | SlimBoat[10]
discontinued | Steel for Android
| surf
discontinued | Uzbl
discontinued | Web Browser for S60, used in all Nokia Symbian smartphones
discontinued | webOS, used in the Palm Pre, Palm Pixi, Pre 2, HP Veer, Pre 3, and TouchPad mobile devices
| WebPositive, browser in Haiku
discontinued | xombrero

### Blink-based

* Chromium
* Amazon Silk
* Arc
* Avast Secure Browser
* Blisk
* Brave
* Cốc Cốc
* Comodo Dragon[11]
* Epic
* Google Chrome (based on Blink since Chrome v. 28)
* JioPages
* Microsoft Edge[12]
* NAVER Whale
* Opera[13]
* Opera GX
* Puffin Browser
* qutebrowser (Blink backend mostly stable)
* Redcore
* RockMelt
* Sleipnir
* SRWare Iron
* Torch
* Ungoogled-chromium
* Vivaldi
* Yandex Browser
* Qt WebEngine
* Dooble (from Version 2.2)
* Falkon

### EdgeHTML-based

* Microsoft Edge (formerly using EdgeHTML, now using Blink)[14]

### For Java platform

* BOLT Browser
* HotJava
* Opera Mini
* ThunderHawk

### Specialty browsers

Browsers created for enhancements of specific browsing activities.

#### Current

* SpaceTime (Search the web in 3D)
* ZAC Browser (For children with autism, autism spectrum disorders such as Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), and PDD-NOS)

#### Discontinued

* Flock (To enhance social networking, blogging, photo-sharing, and RSS news-reading)
* Ghostzilla (Blends into the GUI to hide activity)
* Gollum browser (Created specially for browsing Wikipedia)
* Kirix Strata (Designed for data analytics)
* Miro (A media browser that integrates BitTorrent add-on)
* Nightingale (open source audio player and web browser based on the Songbird (see below) media player source code)
* Prodigy Classic (Executable only within the application)
* RockMelt (Designed to combine web browsing, and social activities such as Facebook and Twitter into a unified one window experience)
* Songbird (browser with advanced audio streaming features and built-in media player with library.)

### Mosaic-based

Mosaic was the first widely used web browser. The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) licensed the technology and many companies built their own web browser on Mosaic. The best known are the first versions of Internet Explorer and Netscape.

* AMosaic
* IBM WebExplorer
* Internet Explorer 1.x
* Internet in a Box
* Mosaic-CK
* Netscape
* Spyglass Mosaic
* VMS Mosaic

### Others

* Abaco (for Plan 9 from Bell Labs and Linux[15])
* Amaya
* Arachne (for DOS and Linux)
* Arena
* Ariadna (AMSD Ariadna) (first Russian web browser)
* AWeb (AmigaOS)
* Baidu Mobile Browser
* Charon (for Inferno)
* Dillo (for lower-end computers)
* DR-WebSpyder (for DOS)
* Embrowser (for DOS)
* Flow browser
* Gazelle (from Microsoft Research, OS-like)
* IBrowse (for AmigaOS)
* Ladybird (from SerenityOS)
* Mothra (for Plan 9 from Bell Labs)
* NetPositive (for BeOS)
* NetSurf (an open source web browser originally for RISC OS and GTK, e.g. Linux, Windows and more platforms, written in C)
* Phoenix, a browser based on tkWWW
* Planetweb browser (for Dreamcast)
* Qihoo 360 mobile browsers
* tkWWW, based on Tcl
* Voyager (for AmigaOS)

### Mobile browsers

Main article: Software:Mobile browser

* Amazon Silk
* Apple Safari
* Arc
* Brave
* Dolphin browser
* Firefox Focus
* Google Chrome
* Microsoft Edge
* Mozilla Firefox
* Opera Mobile
* Puffin Browser
* QQ browser
* Samsung Internet
* UC Browser
* Vivaldi

## Text-based

Main article: Software:Text-based web browser

* Emacs/W3
* EWW
* Line Mode Browser
* Links
* ELinks
* Lynx
* w3m

## See also

* History of the web browser
* Timeline of web browsers
* Comparison of web browsers
* Comparison of browser engines
* List of search engines
* List of web browsers for Unix and Unix-like operating systems
* Usage share of web browsers
* Browser wars

## References

1. ↑ "Google going its own way, forking WebKit rendering engine". Ars Technica. April 3, 2013. https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/04/google-going-its-own-way-forking-webkit-rendering-engine/.
2. ↑ http://caminobrowser.org Camino reaches its end
3. ↑ "Try Avant Browser 2012 for a Choice of Rendering Engines". PC World. 2012-01-03. https://www.pcworld.com/article/247206/try_avant_browser_2012_for_a_choice_of_rendering_engines.html.
4. ↑ "Have it all: Lunascape, the browser with three engines". CNET News. 2008-11-24. http://news.cnet.com/8301-17939_109-10105896-2.html.
5. ↑ "300 million users and move to WebKit". Opera Developer News. http://my.opera.com/ODIN/blog/300-million-users-and-move-to-webkit.
6. ↑ "Surprise: Opera 12.18 has been released – gHacks Tech News" (in en-US). gHacks Technology News. 2016-02-16. https://www.ghacks.net/2016/02/16/surprise-opera-12-18-has-been-released/.
7. ↑ "Introducing DuckDuckGo for Mac: A Private, Fast, and Secure Browsing App". April 12, 2022. https://spreadprivacy.com/introducing-duckduckgo-for-mac/.
8. ↑ "Projects/WebKit/Part — KDE TechBase". KDE TechBase. http://techbase.kde.org/Projects/WebKit/Part.
9. ↑ "Maxthon Browser". https://www.maxthon.com/mx6/changelog/.
10. ↑ "Slimboat". http://www.slimboat.com/en/.
11. ↑ JoWa, Product Translator, Global Moderator (2 May 2014). "Blink, since v. 28". Comodo Group, Inc.. https://forums.comodo.com/news-announcements-feedback-cd/comodo-dragon-33-vs-opera-20-vs-firefox-29-t104231.0.html;msg757861#msg757861.
12. ↑ "Microsoft Edge: Making the web better through more open source collaboration". Microsoft. December 6, 2018. https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2018/12/06/microsoft-edge-making-the-web-better-through-more-open-source-collaboration/.
13. ↑ "A first peek at Opera 15 for Computers". Opera. http://my.opera.com/ODIN/blog/2013/05/28/a-first-peek-at-opera-15-for-computers.
14. ↑ "The new Microsoft Edge is now mandatory in Windows 10 20H2". BleepingComputer. 20 October 2020. https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/the-new-microsoft-edge-is-now-mandatory-in-windows-10-20h2/.
15. ↑ "Archived copy". http://lab-fgb.com/abaco/tar/abaco-20080209-1-i686.pkg.tar.gz.

## External links

* Adrian Roselli, evolt.org Browser Archive (2004). List and archive of many current and obsolete web browsers.
* Daniel R. Tobias, Brand-X Browsers (2002).
* Michael Bernadi, DOS Applications for Internet Use (2006).

* v
* t
* e

Timeline of web browsers

General

* Comparison
* lightweight
* History
* List
* for Unix
* Usage share

1990s

| 1990|

* WorldWideWeb (Nexus)

|

1991|

* Line Mode Browser
* libwww

1992|

* Erwise
* MacWWW (Samba)
* MidasWWW
* tkWWW
* ViolaWWW

1993|

* AMosaic
* Arena
* Cello
* Emacs/W3
* Lynx 2
* NCSA Mosaic
* VMS Mosaic

1994|

* AirMosaic
* Internet in a Box
* ANT Fresco
* Argo
* IBM WebExplorer
* SlipKnot
* Minuet
* Navipress
* Mosaic/Mosaic Netscape/Netscape Navigator
* Spyglass Mosaic
* TCP/Connect II

1995|

* Agora
* ALynx
* AMSD Ariadna
* Cyberjack
* eWorld Web Browser
* Grail
* Internet Explorer 1
* Internet Explorer 2
* Netscape Navigator 2
* NetShark
* OmniWeb
* HotJava
* UdiWWW
* WebShark
* w3m

1996|

* Cyberdog
* Arachne
* AWeb
* IBrowse
* Amaya
* Internet Explorer 3
* Netscape Navigator 3
* Opera 2
* Oracle PowerBrowser
* tcpCONNECT4
* Voyager

1997|

* Netscape Communicator
* Internet Explorer 4
* Opera 2.1

1998|

* NeoPlanet
* Mozilla Application Suite
* Opera 3–3.21

1999|

* iCab
* Internet Explorer 5
* Omniweb 3
* Opera 3.5–3.62

2000s

| 2000|

* Beonex Communicator
* Galeon
* K-Meleon
* MediaBrowser
* Netscape 6
* Opera 4–4.02

|

2001|

* iCab 2.5
* Internet Explorer 6
* Omniweb 4
* Opera 5–5.12

2002|

* Avant Browser 7
* Camino
* Epiphany
* Netscape 7
* Opera 6–6.1

2003|

* GreenBrowser
* Maxthon
* Opera 7–7.3
* Safari
* SlimBrowser

2004|

* Avant Browser 9
* Phoenix/Firebird/Firefox
* Opera 7.5–7.55

2005|

* AOL Explorer
* Deepnet Explorer
* Firefox 1.5
* Opera 8–8.54
* Safari 2

2006|

* Avant Browser 11
* Firefox 2
* Internet Explorer 7
* Opera 9–9.27

2007|

* Maxthon 2
* Opera 9.5–9.64
* Safari 3
* SeaMonkey 1.1

2008|

* Chrome
* Firefox 3
* Netscape Browser
* Netscape Navigator 9
* NetSurf 1.2

2009|

* Avant Browser 11.7
* Chrome 2–3
* Firefox 3.5
* Internet Explorer 8
* Opera 10–10.63
* Pale Moon
* Safari 4
* SeaMonkey 2.0

2010s

| 2010|

* Chrome 4–8
* Firefox 3.6
* Lunascape 6.0.1
* Maxthon 3
* NetSurf 2.5
* Opera 11–11.64
* Safari 5

|

2011|

* Chrome 9–16
* Firefox 4–9
* Internet Explorer 9
* Lunascape 6.5
* Opera 12–12.17
* SeaMonkey 2.1–2.4
* Waterfox

2012|

* Chrome 17–23
* Firefox 10–17
* Internet Explorer 10
* Lunascape 6.7
* Maxthon 3.4
* NetSurf 2.9
* Safari 6

2013|

* Chrome 24–31
* Firefox 18–26
* Internet Explorer 11
* Opera 15–18
* Safari 7
* SeaMonkey 2.15–2.22

2014|

* Chrome 32–39
* Firefox 27–34
* Lunascape 6.9
* NetSurf 3.1
* Opera 19–26
* Safari 8
* SeaMonkey 2.23–2.31

2015|

* Chrome 40–47
* Firefox 35–43
* Lunascape 6.10–6.12
* Microsoft Edge 20, 25
* Opera 27–34
* Safari 9
* SeaMonkey 2.32–2.39
* Vivaldi

2016|

* Chrome 48–55
* Firefox 44–50
* Lunascape 6.13–6.15
* Microsoft Edge 38
* Opera 35–42
* Safari 10

2017|

* Chrome 56–63
* Firefox 51–57
* Microsoft Edge 40, 41
* Opera 43–49
* Safari 11
* SeaMonkey 2.46–2.49
* Basilisk
* Brave
* Vivaldi 1.7–1.15

2018|

* Chrome 64–71
* Firefox 58–64
* Microsoft Edge 42-44
* Opera 50-57
* Safari 12

2019|

* Chrome 72–79
* Firefox 65–71
* Opera 58–65
* Safari 13
* Vivaldi 2.3–2.10
* Whale 1.4–1.5

2020s

| 2020|

* Chrome 80–
* Firefox 72–
* Microsoft Edge 79—
* Opera 66–

|

Related topics

* 3D Markup Language for Web
* Aliweb
* ARPANET
* ASCII
* BITNET
* Browser wars
* CompuServe
* Elm
* Email
* File Transfer Protocol
* Gopher
* HTML
* HyperCard
* HyTelnet
* NCSA Telnet
* NLS
* Prodigy
* Teletext
* Telnet
* Usenet
* UUCP
* Videotex
* Viewdata
* Virtual Reality Markup Language
* Web page
* Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog
* World Wide Web
* X.25

* v
* t
* e

Web browsers

Features * standards * protocols

| Features|

* Bookmarks
* Extensions
* Privacy mode
* Sync

|

Web standards|

* HTML
* v5
* CSS
* DOM
* JavaScript
* IndexedDB
* Web storage
* WebAssembly
* WebGL

Protocols|

* HTTP
* v2
* v3
* Cookies
* Encryption
* OCSP
* WebRTC
* WebSocket

Active

| Blink-based|

* Avast Secure Browser
* Beaker
* Blisk
* Brave
* Chrome
* Chromium
* Coc Coc
* Dragon
* Epic
* Falkon
* Kinza
* Maxthon
* Opera
* Otter
* Puffin
* SalamWeb
* Samsung Internet
* Silk
* Sleipnir
* Sputnik
* SRWare
* Torch
* UC
* Vivaldi
* Whale
* Yandex

|

Gecko-based|

* Firefox
* GNU IceCat
* IceDragon
* K-Meleon
* PirateBrowser
* SeaMonkey
* TenFourFox
* Tor
* Waterfox

WebKit-based|

* Dolphin
* Dooble
* GNOME Web
* iCab
* Konqueror
* Midori
* Safari
* surf

Other|

* 360
* Avant
* Basilisk
* CM Browser
* Edge
* eww
* Internet Explorer
* Links
* Lunascape
* Lynx
* NetFront
* NetSurf
* Pale Moon
* QQ browser
* qutebrowser
* SlimBrowser
* w3m

Discontinued

| Gecko-based|

* Beonex Communicator
* Camino
* Classilla
* Conkeror
* Galeon
* Ghostzilla
* Kazehakase
* Kylo
* Lotus
* MicroB
* Minimo
* Mozilla suite
* Pogo
* Strata
* Swiftfox
* Swiftweasel
* Timberwolf
* xB

|

Trident-based|

* AOL
* Deepnet
* GreenBrowser
* MediaBrowser
* MenuBox
* NeoPlanet
* NetCaptor
* SpaceTime
* UltraBrowser
* WebbIE
* ZAC

WebKit-based|

* Arora
* BOLT
* Opera Coast
* Flock
* Fluid
* Google TV
* Iris
* Mercury
* OmniWeb
* Origyn
* QtWeb
* rekonq
* Rockmelt
* Shiira
* Steel
* Browser for Symbian
* Uzbl
* WebPositive
* xombrero

Other|

* abaco
* Amaya
* Arachne
* Arena
* Blazer
* Charon
* Deepfish
* Dillo
* ELinks
* Gazelle
* HotJava
* IBM Home Page Reader
* IBM WebExplorer
* IBrowse
* KidZui
* Line Mode
* Mosaic
* MSN TV
* NetPositive
* Netscape
* Skweezer
* Skyfire
* Teashark
* ThunderHawk
* Vision
* WinWAP
* WorldWideWeb

* Category
* Comparisons
* List

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