MacOS Catalina

macOS CatalinaA version of the macOS operating system

Screenshot of the macOS Catalina desktop in dark mode

Developer| Apple
OS family|

* Macintosh
* Unix

Source model| Closed, with open source components
General
availability| October 7, 2019; 6 years ago (2019-10-07)[1]
|Final release|Latest release}}| 10.15.7 Security Update 2022-005[2] (19H2026) (July 20, 2022; 3 years ago (2022-07-20)) [±]
Update method| Software Update
Platforms| x86-64
Kernel type| Hybrid (XNU)
License| APSL and Apple EULA
Preceded by| macOS Mojave
Succeeded by| macOS Big Sur
Support status
Sporadically receiving security updates. Finder is still able to download driver updates to sync to newer devices.
Part of a series on

macOS

Features

* History
* Transition to Intel processors
* Architecture
* List of applications
* List of games
* Components

Versions

* Rhapsody (Developer Release)
* Hera (Server 1.0)
* Kodiak (Public Beta)
* Cheetah (10.0)
* Puma (10.1)
* Jaguar (10.2)
* Panther (10.3)
* Tiger (10.4)
* Leopard (10.5)
* Snow Leopard (10.6)
* Lion (10.7)
* Mountain Lion (10.8)
* Mavericks (10.9)
* Yosemite (10.10)
* El Capitan (10.11)
* Sierra (10.12)
* High Sierra (10.13)
* Mojave (10.14)
* Catalina (10.15)

Applications

* App Store
* Automator
* Calculator
* Calendar
* Chess
* Contacts
* Dashboard
* Dictionary
* DVD Player
* FaceTime
* Finder
* Game Center
* Grapher
* iTunes (history)
* Launchpad
* Mail
* Messages
* Music
* Notes
* Notification Center
* Photo Booth
* Podcasts
* Photos
* Preview
* Reminders
* Safari (version history)
* Stickies
* TextEdit
* Time Machine

Utilities

* Activity Monitor
* AirPort Utility
* Archive Utility
* Audio MIDI Setup
* Bluetooth File Exchange
* ColorSync
* Console
* Crash Reporter
* DigitalColor Meter
* Directory Utility
* DiskImageMounter
* Disk Utility
* Font Book
* Grab
* Help Viewer
* Image Capture
* Installer
* Keychain Access
* Migration Assistant
* Network Utility
* ODBC Administrator
* Remote Install Mac OS X
* Screen Sharing
* System Preferences
* System Information
* Terminal
* Universal Access
* VoiceOver

Related

* Classic Mac OS
* Copland
* NeXTSTEP
* Rhapsody
* Darwin

* v
* t
* e

macOS Catalina (version 10.15) is the sixteenth major release of macOS, Apple's desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. It is the successor to macOS Mojave and was announced at WWDC 2019 on June 3, 2019 and released to the public on October 7, 2019. Catalina is the first version of macOS to support only 64-bit applications and the first to include Activation Lock.[3][1] It is also the last version of macOS to have the major version number be 10.x; its successor, Big Sur, released on November 12, 2020, is version 11.[4][5] In order to increase web compatibility, various web browsers, such as Safari, Chromium, and Firefox, still inform websites that they are running on Catalina version 10.15.7, regardless of the actual macOS version in use.[6][7][8]

The operating system is named after Santa Catalina Island, which is located off the coast of southern California.

macOS Catalina is the final version of macOS that supports the Unibody MacBook Pro, as its successor, macOS Big Sur, drops support for its mid-2012 and final model.

## Contents

* 1 System requirements
* 2 Changes
* 2.1 System
* 2.1.1 Catalyst
* 2.1.2 System extensions
* 2.1.3 DriverKit
* 2.1.4 Gatekeeper
* 2.1.5 Activation Lock
* 2.1.6 Dedicated system volume
* 2.1.7 Voice control
* 2.1.8 Sidecar
* 2.1.9 Support for wireless game controllers
* 2.1.10 Time Machine
* 2.1.11 Pro Display XDR
* 2.2 Applications
* 2.2.1 iTunes
* 2.2.2 Find My
* 2.2.3 Notes
* 2.2.4 Reminders
* 2.2.5 Voice Memos
* 2.2.6 Removed or changed components
* 3 Security
* 4 Reception
* 5 Release history
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## System requirements

All standard configuration Macs that supported macOS Mojave support macOS Catalina. 2010 to 2012 Mac Pros, which could run Mojave only with a GPU upgrade, are not supported.[1] Catalina requires 4 GB of memory, an increase over the 2 GB required by Lion through Mojave.[9][10]

* iMac (Late 2012 or later)
* iMac Pro (2017)
* MacBook (Early 2015 or later)
* MacBook Air (Mid 2012 or later)
* MacBook Pro (Mid 2012 or later)
* Mac Mini (Late 2012 or later)
* Mac Pro (Late 2013 or later)

It is unofficially possible to install macOS Catalina on many older Macintosh computers that are not officially supported by Apple. This requires using a patch to modify the install image.

## Changes

### System

#### Catalyst

Catalyst is a software-development tool that allows developers to write apps that can run on macOS, iOS and iPadOS. Apple demonstrated several ported apps, including Jira and Twitter (after the latter discontinued its macOS app in February 2018).[11][12][13]

#### System extensions

An upgrade from Kexts. System extensions avoid the problems of Kexts. There are 3 kinds of System extensions: Network Extensions, Endpoint Security Extensions, and Driver Extensions. System extensions run in userspace, outside of the kernel.[14][15] Catalina will be the last version of macOS to support legacy system extensions.[16][17]

#### DriverKit

A replacement for IOKit device drivers, driver extensions are built using DriverKit. DriverKit is a new SDK with all-new frameworks based on IOKit, but updated and modernized. It is designed for building device drivers in userspace, outside of the kernel.[18][15]

#### Gatekeeper

Mac apps, installer packages, and kernel extensions that are signed with a Developer ID must be notarized by Apple to run on macOS Catalina.[19]

#### Activation Lock

See also: Laptop theft

Activation Lock prevents the unauthorized use and drive erasure of devices with an Apple T2 security chip (2018, 2019, and 2020 MacBook Pro; 2020 5K iMac; 2018 MacBook Air, iMac Pro; 2018 Mac Mini; 2019 Mac Pro).[1][20]

#### Dedicated system volume

The system runs on its own read-only volume, separate from all other data on the Mac.[1]

#### Voice control

Users can give detailed voice commands to applications.[21] On-device machine processing is used to offer better navigation.[1]

#### Sidecar

Sidecar allows a Mac to use an iPad (running iPadOS) as a wireless external display. With Apple Pencil, the device can also be used as a graphics tablet for software running on the computer.[12][22] Sidecar requires a Mac with Intel Skylake CPUs and newer (such as the fourth-generation MacBook Pro), and an iPad that supports Apple Pencil.[23][24]

#### Support for wireless game controllers

The Game Controller framework adds support for two major console game controllers: the PlayStation 4's DualShock 4 and the Xbox One controller.[25][26][27][28]

#### Time Machine

A number of under-the-hood changes were made to Time Machine, macOS's backup software. One change was the manner in which backup data is stored on network-attached devices was changed, and this change is not backwards-compatible with earlier versions of macOS.[29] Apple declined to document these changes, but some of them have been noted.[29]

#### Pro Display XDR

macOS Catalina 10.15.2 adds compatibility with the Pro Display XDR and enables 6016×3384 output on the 2019 iMac and 2018 15-inch MacBook Pro.[30]

### Applications

#### iTunes

iTunes is replaced by separate Music, Podcasts, TV and Books apps, in line with iOS. iOS device management is now conducted via Finder.[31][32] The TV app on Mac supports Dolby Atmos, Dolby Vision, and HDR10 on MacBooks released in 2018 or later, while 4K HDR playback is supported on Macs released in 2018 or later when connected to a compatible display.[12]

#### Find My

Find My Mac and the Find My Friends widget were merged into Find My.

#### Notes

The Notes application was enhanced to allow better management of checklists and the ability to share folders with other users. The application version was incremented from 4.6 (in macOS 10.14 Mojave) to 4.7.

#### Reminders

Among other visual and functional overhauls, attachments can be added to reminders and Siri can intelligently estimate when to remind the user about an event.[1]

#### Voice Memos

The Voice Memos application, first ported from iOS to the Mac in macOS 10.14 Mojave as version 2.0, was incremented to version 2.1.

#### Removed or changed components

* macOS Catalina exclusively supports 64-bit applications. 32-bit applications no longer run (including all software that utilizes the Carbon API as well as QuickTime 7 applications, image, audio and video codecs). Apple has also removed all 32-bit-only apps from the Mac App Store.[33]
* Z shell (executable "zsh") is the default login shell and interactive shell in macOS Catalina,[34] replacing Bash, the default shell since Mac OS X Panther in 2003.[35] Bash continues to be available in macOS Catalina, along with other shells such as csh/tcsh and ksh.
* Dashboard has been removed.[36]
* The ability to add backgrounds in Photo Booth has been removed.
* The command-line interface GNU Emacs application has been removed.
* Built-in support for Perl, Python 2.7 and Ruby are included in macOS for compatibility with legacy software.[37] Future versions of macOS will not include scripting language runtimes by default, possibly requiring users to install additional packages.[38]
* AirDrop only supports the redesigned protocol introduced with OS X Yosemite for Macs released in 2012 or later, and no longer functions with the legacy AirDrop on Macs running Mac OS X Lion, Mountain Lion and Mavericks, or models released before 2012.[39]
* Support for legacy Safari extensions such as uBlock Origin, and WebSQL has been removed in Safari 13.[40][41]
* Circular app icons now have outlines matching their main color.[42]
* Read access for the HFS file system is no longer supported.[43]

## Security

Ars Technica reported that macOS Catalina contained a critical privilege escalation vulnerability, which resulted in a backdoor being installed if users visited a Hong Kong pro-democracy website. The vulnerability was reported to Apple in August 2021 and patched in a Catalina update in September, but it had already been patched by Apple in macOS Big Sur 11.2, released 234 days earlier on February 1. Security experts have criticized Apple for not patching critical known vulnerabilities in older versions and for not being transparent about older versions only receiving some, but not all, security patches. The latest major release of Apple's operating systems (macOS, iOS, and others) receive all security updates.[44][45][46]

## Reception

Catalina received favorable reviews on release for some of its features.[47] However, some critics found the OS version distinctly less reliable than earlier versions.[48][49][50][51][52] The broad addition of user-facing security measures (somewhat analogous to the addition of User Account Control dialog boxes with Windows Vista a decade earlier) was criticized as intrusive and annoying.[50][53]

## Release history

Version  | Build  | Date  | Darwin version  | Release Notes  | Standalone download

|
|
|
|
|

10.15  | 19A583  | October 7, 2019  | 19.0.0  | Original Software Update release

Security content

19A602  | October 15, 2019  | Supplemental update  |
19A603  | October 21, 2019  | Revised Supplemental update  |
10.15.1  | 19B88  | October 29, 2019  | 19.0.0
xnu-6153.41.3~29 | About the macOS Catalina 10.15.1 Update

Security content

| macOS 10.15.1 Update
10.15.2  | 19C57  | December 10, 2019  | 19.2.0
xnu-6153.61.1~20 | About the macOS Catalina 10.15.2 Update

Security content

| macOS 10.15.2 Update

macOS 10.15.2 Combo Update

19C58
10.15.3  | 19D76  | January 28, 2020  | 19.3.0
xnu-6153.81.5~1 | About the macOS Catalina 10.15.3 Update

Security content

| macOS 10.15.3 Update

macOS 10.15.3 Combo Update

10.15.4  | 19E266  | March 24, 2020  | 19.4.0
xnu-6153.101.6~15 | About the macOS Catalina 10.15.4 Update

Security content

| macOS 10.15.4 Update

macOS 10.15.4 Combo Update

19E287  | April 8, 2020  | Supplemental update  | macOS 10.15.4 Supplemental Update
10.15.5  | 19F96  | May 26, 2020  | 19.5.0
xnu-6153.121.1~7 | About the macOS Catalina 10.15.5 Update

Security content

| macOS 10.15.5 Update

macOS 10.15.5 Combo Update

19F101  | June 1, 2020  | 19.5.0
xnu-6153.121.2~2 | Supplemental update

Security content

| macOS 10.15.5 Supplemental Update
10.15.6  | 19G73  | July 15, 2020  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.1~9
Jul 5 00:43:10 PDT 2020 | About the macOS Catalina 10.15.6 Update

Security content

| macOS 10.15.6 Update

macOS 10.15.6 Combo Update

19G2021  | August 12, 2020  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.1~1
Jun 18 20:49:00 PDT 2020 | Supplemental update  | macOS 10.15.6 Supplemental Update
10.15.7  | 19H2  | September 24, 2020  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.2~1
Mon Aug 31 22:12:52 PDT 2020 | About the macOS Catalina 10.15.7 Update

Security content

| macOS 10.15.7 Update

macOS 10.15.7 Combo Update

19H4  | October 27, 2020
19H15  | November 5, 2020  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.2.2~1
Thu Oct 29 22:56:45 PDT 2020 | Supplemental update

Security content

| macOS 10.15.7 Supplemental Update

macOS 10.15.7 Supplemental Update (Combo)

19H114  | December 14, 2020  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.10~1
Tue Nov 10 00:10:30 PST 2020 | About the security content of Security Update 2020-001 | Security Update 2020-001 (Catalina)
19H512  | February 1, 2021  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.16~1
Tue Jan 12 22:13:05 PST 2021 | About the security content of Security Update 2021-001 | Security Update 2021-001 (Catalina)
19H524  | February 9, 2021  | Supplemental Update

Security content

| macOS Catalina 10.15.7 Supplemental Update 2
19H1030  | April 26, 2021  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.28.1~1
Mon Apr 12 20:57:45 PDT 2021 | About the security content of Security Update 2021-002 | Security Update 2021-002 (Catalina)
19H1217  | May 24, 2021  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.33~1
Thu May 6 00:48:39 PDT 2021 | About the security content of Security Update 2021-003 | Security Update 2021-003 (Catalina)
19H1323  | July 21, 2021  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.35~1
Thu Jun 22 19:49:55 PDT 2021 | About the security content of Security Update 2021-004 | Security Update 2021-004 (Catalina)
19H1417  | September 13, 2021  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.40~1
Tue Aug 24 20:28:00 PDT 2021 | About the security content of Security Update 2021-005 | Security Update 2021-005 (Catalina)
19H1419  | September 23, 2021  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.40.1~1
Thu Sep 16 20:58:47 PDT 2021 | About the security content of Security Update 2021-006 | Security Update 2021-006 (Catalina)
19H1519  | October 25, 2021  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.43~1
Tue Oct 12 18:34:05 PDT 2021 | About the security content of Security Update 2021-007 | Security Update 2021-007 (Catalina)
19H1615  | December 13, 2021  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.50~1
Sun Nov 14 19:58:51 PST 2021 | About the security content of Security Update 2021-008 | Security Update 2021-008 (Catalina)
19H1713  | January 26, 2022  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.51~3
Thu Jan 13 01:26:33 PST 2022 | About the security content of Security Update 2022-001 | Security Update 2022-001 (Catalina)
19H1715  | February 14, 2022  | Security Update 2022-002  | Security Update 2022-002 (Catalina)
19H1824  | March 14, 2022  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.59~1
Tue Feb 15 21:39:11 PST 2022 | About the security content of Security Update 2022-003 | Security Update 2022-003 (Catalina)
19H1922  | May 16, 2022  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.62~1
Mon Apr 18 21:50:40 PDT 2022 | About the security content of Security Update 2022-004 | Security Update 2022-004 (Catalina)
19H2026  | July 20, 2022  | 19.6.0
xnu-6153.141.66~1
Tue Jun 21 21:18:39 PDT 2022 | About the security content of Security Update 2022-005 | Security Update 2022-005 (Catalina)
10.15.8  | 19H2036  | February 2, 2026  | Apple security releases |

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "macOS Catalina". Apple. https://www.apple.com/macos/catalina.
2. ↑ "Apple security updates". July 20, 2022. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213343.
3. ↑ "Apple previews macOS Catalina" (Press release). Apple. June 3, 2019. Archived from the original on December 2, 2019. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
4. ↑ Carman, Ashley (2020-11-10). "Apple announces macOS Big Sur release date" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2020/11/10/21432429/apple-macos-11-big-sur-release-date-m1-chip.
5. ↑ "Apple unveils macOS 11.0 Big Sur, featuring a new aesthetic and redesigned apps" (in en-US). June 22, 2020. https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/22/apple-unveils-macos-10-16-big-sur/.
6. ↑ "1175225 - chromium - An open-source project to help move the web forward. - Monorail". https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1175225.
7. ↑ "1679929 - Cap the User-Agent string's reported macOS version at 10.15" (in en). https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1679929.
8. ↑ "217364 – [macOS Bump reported current shipping release UA to 10_15_7"]. https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=217364.
9. ↑ "How to upgrade to macOS Catalina". https://support.apple.com/HT201475.
10. ↑ "How to upgrade to macOS Mojave". https://support.apple.com/HT210190.
11. ↑ Statt, Nick (February 16, 2018). "Twitter discontinues its Mac desktop app after years of spotty support". https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/16/17021960/twitter-mac-desktop-app-discontinued-support-ending.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Warren, Tom (June 3, 2019). "Apple unveils new macOS update with iPad apps". https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/3/18650205/apple-macos-catalina-10-15-update-announced-features-wwdc-2019.
13. ↑ "iOS apps will run on macOS with Project Catalyst". June 3, 2019. https://techcrunch.com/2019/06/03/ios-apps-will-run-on-macos-with-project-catalyst/.
14. ↑ "SystemExtensions". https://developer.apple.com/documentation/systemextensions.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 System Extensions and DriverKit. Apple Developer Documentation. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2020.
16. ↑ "Kernel Extensions Won't Work in macOS 10.16". The Mac Observer. March 26, 2020. https://www.macobserver.com/news/product-news/macos-10-6-kexts.
17. ↑ "Apple begins phasing out kernel extensions in macOS 10.15.4". AppleInsider. March 25, 2020. https://appleinsider.com/articles/20/03/25/apple-begins-phasing-out-kernel-extensions-in-macos-10154.
18. ↑ "DriverKit". https://developer.apple.com/documentation/driverkit.
19. ↑ "Developer ID: Upcoming Requirements". https://developer.apple.com/developer-id/.
20. ↑ Shankland, Stephen (June 7, 2019). "Here are 6 MacOS Catalina security changes coming from Apple this fall". https://www.cnet.com/news/6-macos-catalina-security-changes-from-apple-coming-this-fall/.
21. ↑ "Voice Control". September 2019. https://www.apple.com/macos/catalina/docs/Voice_Control_Tech_Brief_Sept_2019.pdf. "Voice Control lets users control the entire device with spoken commands and specialized tools, while Siri is an intelligent assistant that lets users ask for information and complete everyday tasks using natural language. Voice Control offers comprehensive capabilities such as voice gestures, name and number labels, grid overlays, text editing commands, and deep customization, while Siri assists with setting reminders, making appointments, looking up directions, and learning game scores."
22. ↑ O'Hara, Andrew (June 3, 2019). "You can use your iPad as a second display with Sidecar in macOS Catalina" (in en). https://appleinsider.com/articles/19/06/03/you-can-use-your-ipad-as-a-second-display-in-macos-catalina.
23. ↑ Cunningham, Andrew (October 7, 2019). "macOS 10.15 Catalina: The Ars Technica review" (in en-us). https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/10/macos-10-15-catalina-the-ars-technica-review/.
24. ↑ Peters, Jay (October 7, 2019). "You need a MacBook with a butterfly keyboard or a modern Mac desktop to use macOS Catalina's Sidecar" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/7/20903787/apple-macos-catalina-sidecar-macbook-air-pro-butterfly-keys-ipad.
25. ↑ "Supporting New Game Controllers" (in en-US). https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2019/616/.
26. ↑ "Apple adding support for PS4, Xbox One controllers to iOS, TVOS and MacOS" (in en-US). https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-tv-adds-support-for-ps4-and-xbox-controllers-wwdc-2019-sony-microsoft/.
27. ↑ Mayo, Benjamin (September 2019). "iOS 13: How to connect a PlayStation controller or Xbox game controller to your iPhone and iPad" (in en-US). https://9to5mac.com/2019/09/01/ios-13-playstation-xbox-game-controller-iphone-ipad/.
28. ↑ "How To Connect PS4, Xbox One Controller To iPhone, Apple TV, Mac" (in en-US). September 2, 2019. https://www.valuewalk.com/2019/09/connect-ps4-xbox-one-controller-ios-13-2/.
29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Oakley, Howard (November 11, 2019). "Time Machine and backing up in Catalina". https://eclecticlight.co/2019/11/11/time-machine-and-backing-up-in-catalina/.
30. ↑ "Set up and use Apple Pro Display XDR" (in en). https://support.apple.com/en-us/102068.
31. ↑ Carman, Ashley (June 3, 2019). "Apple breaks up iTunes, creates separate Podcasts, TV, and Music apps for macOS". https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/3/18647182/apple-itunes-podcasts-music-tv-mac-os-wwdc-2019.
32. ↑ Roettgers, Janko (June 3, 2019). "Apple Is Officially Killing iTunes, Replacing It With Three Dedicated Media Apps" (in en). https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/itunes-shutting-down-1203231598/.
33. ↑ Conner, Katie (September 10, 2019). "235 Mac apps get the ax with Apple's next update. Here's how you find them on your rig". https://www.cnet.com/how-to/235-mac-apps-get-the-axe-with-apples-next-update-heres-how-you-find-them-on-your-rig/.
34. ↑ "Use zsh as the default shell on your Mac - Apple Support". https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208050.
35. ↑ Landau, Ted; Frakes, Dan (December 20, 2005). Mac OS X Help Line, Tiger Edition. Peachpit Press. ISBN 9780132705240. https://books.google.com/books?id=Vf4U4UkDANsC&pg=PA924.
36. ↑ Statt, Nick (June 4, 2019). "Apple will permanently remove Dashboard in macOS Catalina". https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/4/18652971/apple-macos-catalina-dashboard-widgets-removed-feature.
37. ↑ "macOS 10.15 Catalina Deprecates UNIX Scripting Languages". The Mac Observer. June 5, 2019. https://www.macobserver.com/analysis/macos-catalina-deprecates-unix-scripting-languages.
38. ↑ "macOS 10.15 Beta Release Notes". https://developer.apple.com/documentation/macos_release_notes/macos_10_15_beta_release_notes. "Scripting language runtimes such as Python, Ruby, and Perl are included in macOS for compatibility with legacy software. Future versions of macOS won’t include scripting language runtimes by default, and might require you to install additional packages."
39. ↑ "Can not connect my 2 macs with AirDrop". https://discussions.apple.com/thread/250770031.
40. ↑ "Apple neutered ad blockers in Safari, but unlike Chrome, users didn't say a thing" (in en). https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-neutered-ad-blockers-in-safari-but-unlike-chrome-users-didnt-say-a-thing/.
41. ↑ "Safari 13 Release Notes" (in en-US). https://developer.apple.com/documentation/safari-release-notes/safari-13-release-notes#Removed-Features.
42. ↑ "How to design custom app icons for macOS Catalina in Sketch". October 30, 2019. https://blog.prototypr.io/how-to-design-custom-app-icons-for-macos-catalina-in-sketch-ac75412cd58.
43. ↑ Hughes, Matthew (2020-07-25). "How to mount HFS Classic drives on MacOS Catalina and later" (in en-US). https://www.matthewhughes.co.uk/how-to-mount-hfs-classic-drives-on-macos-catalina-and-later/.
44. ↑ Cunningham, Andrew (2022-10-27). "Apple clarifies security update policy: Only the latest OSes are fully patched" (in en-us). https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/10/apple-clarifies-security-update-policy-only-the-latest-oses-are-fully-patched/.
45. ↑ Cunningham, Andrew (2021-11-12). "PSA: Apple isn't actually patching all the security holes in older versions of macOS" (in en-us). https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/11/psa-apple-isnt-actually-patching-all-the-security-holes-in-older-versions-of-macos/.
46. ↑ "Analyzing a watering hole campaign using macOS exploits" (in en-us). 2021-11-11. https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/analyzing-watering-hole-campaign-using-macos-exploits/.
47. ↑ Cunningham, Andrew (October 7, 2019). "macOS 10.15 Catalina: The Ars Technica review: Conclusions". https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/10/macos-10-15-catalina-the-ars-technica-review/13/#h2.
48. ↑ Shayer, David (October 21, 2019). "Six Reasons Why iOS 13 and Catalina Are So Buggy". https://tidbits.com/2019/10/21/six-reasons-why-ios-13-and-catalina-are-so-buggy/.
49. ↑ Mod, Craig. "Brilliant Hardware in the Valley of the Software Slump". Craig Mod. https://craigmod.com/essays/software_slump/.
50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Gruber, John. "My 2019 Apple Report Card". https://daringfireball.net/2020/02/my_2019_apple_report_card.
51. ↑ Bohn, Dieter (October 7, 2019). "macOS Catalina review: transition period". https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/7/20902020/macos-catalina-review-apple-music-podcasts-catalyst-ipad-apps.
52. ↑ Gruber, John. "What You See in the Finder Should Always Be Correct". https://daringfireball.net/2020/02/what_you_see_in_the_finder_should_be_correct.
53. ↑ Snell, Jason (January 31, 2020). "Apple in 2019: The Six Colors report card". https://sixcolors.com/post/2020/01/apple-in-2019-the-six-colors-report-card/.

## External links

* – official site
* macOS 10.15 Catalina download page at Apple

Preceded by
macOS 10.14 (Mojave) |  macOS 10.15 (Catalina)
2019  | Succeeded by
macOS 11 (Big Sur)

|
|

* v
* t
* e

macOS

* History
* Architecture
* Components
* Server
* Software

Versions|

* Server 1.0 Hera
* Public Beta Kodiak
* 10.0 Cheetah
* 10.1 Puma
* 10.2 Jaguar
* 10.3 Panther
* 10.4 Tiger
* 10.5 Leopard
* 10.6 Snow Leopard
* 10.7 Lion
* 10.8 Mountain Lion
* 10.9 Mavericks
* 10.10 Yosemite
* 10.11 El Capitan
* 10.12 Sierra
* 10.13 High Sierra
* 10.14 Mojave
* 10.15 Catalina

Applications|

* App Store
* Automator
* Calculator
* Calendar
* Chess
* Contacts
* Dictionary
* DVD Player
* FaceTime
* Finder
* Game Center
* Grapher
* Home
* iTunes (history)
* Launchpad
* Mail
* Messages
* News
* Music
* Notes
* Notification Center
* Podcasts
* Photo Booth
* Photos
* Preview
* QuickTime
* Reminders
* Safari (version history)
* Stickies
* TextEdit
* Time Machine

Discontinued|

* Dashboard
* Front Row
* iChat
* iPhoto
* iSync
* Sherlock

Utilities|

* Activity Monitor
* AirPort Utility
* AppleScript Editor
* Archive Utility
* Audio MIDI Setup
* Bluetooth File Exchange
* Boot Camp
* ColorSync
* Configurator
* Console
* Crash Reporter
* DigitalColor Meter
* Directory Utility
* DiskImageMounter
* Disk Utility
* Font Book
* Grab
* Help Viewer
* Image Capture
* Installer
* Keychain Access
* Migration Assistant
* Network Utility
* ODBC Administrator
* Screen Sharing
* System Preferences
* System Information
* Terminal
* Universal Access
* VoiceOver

Discontinued|

* Software Update
* Remote Install Mac OS X

Technology and user interface|

* AirDrop
* Apple File System
* Apple menu
* Apple Push Notification service
* AppleScript
* Aqua
* Audio Units
* AVFoundation
* Bonjour
* Bundle
* CloudKit
* Cocoa
* ColorSync
* Command key
* Core Animation
* Core Audio
* Core Data
* Core Foundation
* Core Image
* Core OpenGL
* Core Text
* Core Video
* CUPS
* Cover Flow
* Darwin
* Dock
* FileVault
* Fonts
* Gatekeeper
* Grand Central Dispatch
* icns
* iCloud
* I/O Kit
* Kernel panic
* Keychain
* launchd
* Mach-O
* Menu extra
* Metal
* Mission Control
* OpenCL
* Option key
* Preference Pane
* Property list
* Quartz
* Quick Look
* Smart Folders
* Speakable items
* Spotlight
* Stacks
* System Integrity Protection
* Uniform Type Identifier
* Universal binary
* WebKit
* XNU
* XQuartz

Deprecated|

* HFS+

Discontinued|

* BootX
* Brushed metal
* Carbon
* Classic Environment
* Inkwell
* QTKit
* Rosetta
* Spaces
* Xgrid

* v
* t
* e

Darwin-derived operating systems

History|

| Pre-Darwin|

* Unix
* BSD
* Mach
* NeXTSTEP
* OpenStep
* GNUstep
* Rhapsody

|

Macintosh|

| Mac OS X,
OS X,
macOS
(history)|

| Mac OS X
Server|

* Mac OS X Server 1.0 (Hera, Rhapsody)
* 10.0 (Cheetah)
* 10.1 (Puma)
* 10.2 (Jaguar)
* 10.3 (Panther)
* 10.4 (Tiger)
* 10.5 Leopard Server
* 10.6 Snow Leopard Server

|

* Mac OS X Public Beta (Kodiak)
* 10.0 (Cheetah)
* 10.1 (Puma)
* 10.2 (Jaguar)
* 10.3 Panther
* 10.4 Tiger
* 10.5 Leopard
* 10.6 Snow Leopard
* 10.7 Lion
* OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion
* 10.9 Mavericks
* 10.10 Yosemite
* 10.11 El Capitan
* macOS 10.12 Sierra
* 10.13 High Sierra
* 10.14 Mojave
* 10.15 Catalina

Apple TV|

| Apple TV
Software|

* Derived from Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger: 1
* 2
* 3

* Derived from iOS 4–8: 4
* 5
* 6
* 7

tvOS|

* Derived from iOS 9–13: 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13

iPhone,
iPod Touch, iPad|

| iPhone OS,
iOS|

* Derived from "OS X": iPhone OS 1
* 2
* 3

* iOS 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13

Apple Watch|

| watchOS|

* Derived from iOS 8–13: 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6

|

HomePod|

| audioOS|

* Derived from iOS 11–13: 11
* 12
* 13

|

iPad|

| iPadOS|

* Derived from iOS 13: 13

|

Others|

* OpenDarwin
* MacPorts, DarwinPorts
* PureDarwin

* macOS version history
* Server
* iOS version history
* watchOS version history
* tvOS version history
* audioOS version history
* iPadOS version history

* v
* t
* e

Operating systems by Apple

Apple II, III, Lisa|

* Apple II series
* Apple DOS
* ProDOS
* GS/OS
* Apple III
* SOS
* Lisa
* Lisa OS
* MacWorks

Macintosh|

| Classic Mac OS|

* System 1
* System 2, 3, 4
* System 5
* System 6
* System 7
* Mac OS 8
* Mac OS 9

|

Mac OS X,
OS X, macOS|

* History
* NeXTSTEP
* OpenStep
* Rhapsody
* Public Beta
* Core
* Darwin
* XNU
* Desktop
* Mac OS X 10.0
* 10.1
* 10.2
* 10.3
* 10.4
* 10.5
* 10.6
* 10.7
* OS X 10.8
* 10.9
* 10.10
* 10.11
* macOS 10.12
* 10.13
* 10.14
* 10.15
* Server
* 1.0
* macOS Server

Other projects|

* Shipped
* A/ROSE
* A/UX
* AIX for Apple Network Servers
* MAE
* MkLinux
* PowerOpen Environment
* Cancelled
* Star Trek
* Taligent
* Copland
* Nukernel

iPod, iPhone, Engineering:IPad|

* iPod software
* iPhone OS
* 1
* 2
* 3
* iOS
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* iPadOS

Other devices|

* Newton
* Newton OS
* Apple Watch
* watchOS
* Apple TV
* Apple TV Software
* tvOS
* HomePod
* audioOS

Italics denote discontinued products ·  List ·  Category

* v
* t
* e

Software by Apple

OS|

* audioOS
* Darwin
* iOS
* version history
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* iPadOS
* macOS
* Public Beta
* "Cheetah"
* "Puma"
* "Jaguar"
* "Panther"
* "Tiger"
* "Leopard"
* "Snow Leopard"
* "Lion"
* "Mountain Lion"
* "Mavericks"
* "Yosemite"
* "El Capitan"
* "Sierra"
* "High Sierra"
* "Mojave"
* "Catalina"
* tvOS
* watchOS

Consumer|

* iBooks Author
* iCloud
* iLife
* iMovie
* GarageBand
* iWork
* Keynote
* Pages
* Numbers
* Clips

Professional|

* FileMaker
* Final Cut Pro X
* Motion
* Compressor
* Logic Pro
* Mainstage

Education|

* Classroom
* Schoolwork

Bundled|

* Calendar
* iTunes
* history
* Mail
* Messages
* Music
* Photo Booth
* Photos
* Podcasts
* QuickTime
* Safari
* version history
* TextEdit

Server|

* Apple Remote Desktop
* FoundationDB
* macOS Server
* WebObjects
* Xsan

Developer|

* Dashcode
* Instruments
* Interface Builder
* Quartz Composer
* Swift
* Xcode
* iAd Producer

Discontinued|

* .Mac
* Aperture
* AppleWorks
* Bento
* Classic Mac OS
* System 1
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* Color
* DVD Studio Pro
* Final Cut Express
* Final Cut Pro
* Final Cut Studio
* Front Row
* HyperCard
* iChat
* iDVD
* iPhoto
* iWeb
* Logic Express
* Logic Studio
* MacDraw
* MacPaint
* MacProject
* MacTerminal
* MacWrite
* MobileMe
* ResEdit
* Shake
* Soundtrack Pro

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS Catalina. Read more

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