NEPOMUK

Written in| C++, Java
Type| Semantic desktop
License| Various (BSD-style preferred)[1]
Website|

* nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org
* nepomuk.kde.org

NEPOMUK (Networked Environment for Personal, Ontology-based Management of Unified Knowledge) is an open-source software specification that is concerned with the development of a social semantic desktop that enriches and interconnects data from different desktop applications using semantic metadata stored as RDF. Between 2006 and 2008 it was funded by a European Union research project of the same name[2] that grouped together industrial and academic actors to develop various Semantic Desktop technologies.

## Contents

* 1 Implementations
* 1.1 KDE
* 1.2 Zeitgeist
* 1.3 Java
* 1.4 Refinder by Gnowsis
* 2 Data formats
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Implementations

Three active implementations of NEPOMUK exist: A C++/KDE-based variant, a Java-based variant, and a commercial version. More versions were created during the EU project between 2006 and 2008, some active beyond the project.[3]

### KDE

NEPOMUK-KDE was originally featured as one of the newer technologies in KDE Software Compilation 4.[4] It used Soprano as the main RDF data storage and parsing library, while handling ontology imports through the Raptor parser plugin and the Redland storage plugin; all RDF data was stored by Virtuoso which also handled full-text indexing.[5] On a technical level, NEPOMUK-KDE allowed associating metadata to various items present on a normal user's desktop such as files, bookmarks, e-mails, and calendar entries. Metadata could be arbitrary RDF. Tagging is the most user-visible metadata application.

As the KDE SC 4 series of releases progressed, it became apparent that NEPOMUK was not delivering the performance and user experience that had initially been anticipated. As a result of this, in KDE SC 4.13 a new indexing and semantic search technology Baloo was introduced, with a short transition period allowing applications to be ported and data to be migrated before the removal of NEPOMUK.[6][7] Baloo initially used SQLite but currently uses LMDB[8] for storage, and Xapian for searching.

### Zeitgeist

The Zeitgeist framework, used by GNOME and Ubuntu's Unity user interface, uses the NEPOMUK ontology, as does the Tracker search engine.

### Java

The Java-based implementation of NEPOMUK[9] was finished at the end of 2008 and served as a proof-of-concept environment for several novel semantic desktop techniques. It features its own frontend (PSEW) that integrates search, browsing, recommendation, and peer-to-peer functionality. The Java implementation uses the Sesame RDF store and the Aperture[10] framework for integrating with other desktop applications such as mail clients and browsers.

A number of artifacts have been created in the context of the Java research implementation:

* WikiModel[11]

### Refinder by Gnowsis

Implementation of the commercial Software as a service product Refinder[12] started in 2009 and a limited beta-version was released in December 2010.[13] Refinder was developed by Gnowsis, a spin-off company of the German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) (project lead in the NEPOMUK EU project). The start-up was shut down in late 2013,[14] with no plans to make the implementation code available.

Refinder uses the same data formats as the other implementations, but using Software as a service instead of the desktop approach of the other implementations.

## Data formats

* PIMO -- the data format used for describing a Personal Information Model, describing Persons, Projects, Topics, Events, etc., also used in NEPOMUK-KDE.[15]
* NIE -- the NEPOMUK Information Element Ontology (and the associated ontologies NFO etc.), describing resources on a desktop (files, mails, etc.)[16]

## See also

* Tracker (search software)

## References

1. ↑ "Nepomuk License". http://dev.nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org/wiki/NepomukLicense.
2. ↑ "European Commission : CORDIS : Projects & Results Service : Networked environment for personal ontology-based management of unified knowledge". http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=PROJ_ICT&ACTION=D&DOC=1&CAT=PROJ&QUERY=011ca2def8a7:ccd3:321e9807&RCN=79390.
3. ↑ How Does Gnowsis Relate to NEPOMUK and Others? Blogpost dated 20.11.2010. Written by Leo Sauermann who contributed to the NEPOMUK project. 6 implementations of NEPOMUK are listed
4. ↑ "NEPOMUK-KDE project". http://nepomuk.kde.org/.
5. ↑ Trüg, Sebastian (22 September 2011). "About Strigi, Soprano, Virtuoso, CLucene, and Libstreamanalyzer". https://trueg.wordpress.com/2011/09/22/about-strigi-soprano-virtuoso-clucene-and-libstreamanalyzer/.
6. ↑ "KDE's Next Generation Semantic Search". 24 February 2014. http://dot.kde.org/2014/02/24/kdes-next-generation-semantic-search.
7. ↑ "KDE Community Wiki - Baloo". http://community.kde.org/Baloo.
8. ↑ "Baloo 5.15". http://vhanda.in/blog/2015/10/baloo-5-15/.
9. ↑ Groza, Tudor. "Semantic Desktop[.org"]. http://dev.nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org/.
10. ↑ Fluit, Leo Sauermann, Christiaan. "Aperture Framework". http://aperture.sourceforge.net/.
11. ↑ "Welcome to the framework!". http://wikimodel.sourceforge.net/.
12. ↑ "Home - Refinder". http://www.getrefinder.com.
13. ↑ Refinder: Das nächste Level des Hyperlinks Article in Futurezone by Jakob Steinschaden, 3.12.2010.
14. ↑ "We are shutting Refinder down - Refinder". http://www.getrefinder.com/about/blog/2013/11/09/we-are-shutting-refinder-down.
15. ↑ "Personal Information Model (PIMO)". http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/11/01/pimo/.
16. ↑ NEPOMUK Information Element Ontology

## External links

* Article: Open Source Semantic Desktop Is Coming
* MIT Technology Review: Semantic Sense for the Desktop
* Slashdot story about Nepomuk
* NEPOMUK in KDE

* v
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|

Discontinued|

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