Nextflow

Short description: Open-Source Workflow Management Platform

Nextflow

Original author(s)| Paolo Di Tommaso
Developer(s)| Seqera Labs, Centre for Genomic Regulation
Initial release| April 9, 2013; 12 years ago (2013-04-09)
Stable release|

v23.04.4 / September 25, 2023; 2 years ago (2023-09-25)

Preview release|

v23.09.3-edge / October 10, 2023; 2 years ago (2023-10-10)

Repository| https://github.com/nextflow-io/nextflow
Written in| Groovy, Java
Operating system| Linux, macOS, WSL
Type| Scientific workflow system, Dataflow programming, Big data
License| Apache License 2.0
Website| nextflow.io

Nextflow is a scientific workflow system predominantly used for bioinformatic data analyses. It imposes standards on how to programmatically author a sequence of dependent compute steps and enables their execution on various local and cloud resources.[1][2] Nextflow was conceived at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona, Spain, but has since found world-wide adoption in biomedical and genomics research facilities and laboratories.

## Contents

* 1 Purpose
* 2 Characteristics
* 2.1 Specification of workflows
* 2.2 Execution of workflows
* 2.3 Containers for portability across computing environments
* 3 Developmental History
* 4 Adoption and reception
* 4.1 The nf-core community
* 4.2 By domain and research subject
* 5 References
* 6 External links
* 7 See also

## Purpose

Many scientific data analyses require a significant amount of sequential processing steps. Custom scripts may suffice when developing new methods or infrequently running a particular analysis, but scale poorly to complex task successions or many samples.[3][4][5]

Scientific workflow systems like Nextflow allow formalizing an analysis as a data analysis pipeline. Pipelines, also known as workflows, are instructions that specify order and conditions of computing steps to be performed. They are carried out by special purpose programs, so-called workflow executors, which ensure predictable and reproducible behavior in various compute environments.[3][6][7][8]

Workflow systems also provide built-in solutions to common challenges of workflow development, such as the application to multiple samples, the validation of input and intermediate results, conditional execution of steps, error handling, and report generation. Advanced features of workflow systems may also include scheduling capabilities, graphical user interfaces for monitoring workflow executions, and the management of dependencies by containerizing the whole workflow or its components.[3][9][10]

Typically, scientific workflow systems initially present a steep learning challenge as all their features and complexities are added on top of and in addition to the actual analysis. However, the standards and abstraction imposed by workflow systems ultimately improve the traceability of analysis steps, which is particularly relevant when collaborating on pipeline development, as is customary in scientific settings.[11]

## Characteristics

### Specification of workflows

In Nextflow, pipelines are constructed from individual processes that correspond to computational tasks. Each process is set up with input requirements and output declarations. Rather than running in a fixed succession, the execution of a process commences when all its input requirements are met. By specifying the output of one process as the input of another step, a logical and sequential connection between processes is created.[12]

This reactive implementation of processes is a characteristic design pattern of Nextflow and also known as functional dataflow model.[13] It allows for the efficient parallelization of independent compute steps.

Processes and whole workflows are programmed in a domain-specific language (DSL) that is provided by Nextflow and based on Apache Groovy.[14] While Nextflow's DSL is used to declare the workflow logic, developers can use their scripting language of choice within a process and mix multiple languages in a workflow. Porting existing scripts and workflows to Nextflow is therefore possible. Supported scripting languages include bash, csh, ksh, Python, Ruby, and R. Any scripting language that uses the standard Unix shebang declaration (`#!/bin/bash`) is supported in Nextflow.

An exemplary workflow consisting of only one process is shown below:

process hello_world {
input:
val greeting

output:
path "${greeting}.txt"

script:
"""
echo "${greeting} World!" > ${greeting}.txt
"""

workflow {
Channel.of("Hello", "Ciao", "Hola", "Bonjour") | hello_world

To facilitate straightforward collaboration on workflows, Nextflow has native support for source-code management systems and DevOps-platforms including GitHub, GitLab, and others..[15]

### Execution of workflows

Workflows written in Nextflow's DSL can be deployed and run across diverse computing environments without modifications to the pipeline code.

To enable portability, Nextflow ships with dedicated executors for a variety of platforms[16] including those of major cloud providers. Because Nextflow decouples individual process steps, it can optionally be configured to spread execution across multiple computing platforms. It supports the following environments for pipeline execution:

* Local – the default executor. Nextflow pipelines run on Linux or Mac OS and execution occurs on the computer where the pipeline is launched.
* HPC workload managers – Slurm, SGE, LSF, Moab, PBS Pro, PBS/Torque, HTCondor, NQSII, OAR
* Kubernetes – local or cloud-based Kubernetes implementations (GKE, EKS, or AKS)
* Cloud batch services – AWS Batch,[17] Azure Batch[18]
* Other environments – Apache Ignite, Google Life Sciences[19]

### Containers for portability across computing environments

A fundamental concept of Nextflow is its tight integration with software containers. Whole workflows and, in later versions, also single processes can harness containers to allow their execution across various compute environments without tedious installation and configuration routines.[3]

This design choice was strongly influenced by Solomon Hyke's talk at dotScale in 2013,[20] which had a significant impact on Nextflow's principal developer, Paolo Di Tommaso.[21]

Container frameworks supported by Nextflow include Docker, Singularity, Charliecloud, Podman, and Shifter.[22] Those type of containers can be utilized in a workflow and are automatically retrieved from external repositories when the pipeline is executed. At Nextflow Summit 2022, it was unveiled that future versions of Nextflow will support a dedicated container provisioning service for an improved integration of customized containers into workflows.[23]

## Developmental History

Nextflow was originally developed at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Spain and released as an open-source project on GitHub in July 2013.[24] In October 2018, the project license for Nextflow was changed from GPLv3 to Apache 2.0.[25]

In July 2018, Seqera Labs was launched as a spin-off from the Centre for Genomic Regulation.[21] The company employs many of Nextflow's core developers and maintainers and provides commercial services [26] and consulting with a focus on Nextflow.

In July 2020, a major extension and revision of Nextflow's domain-specific language was introduced to allow for sub-workflows and additional improvements.[27] In the same year, monthly downloads of Nextflow sat at approximately 55,000 per month.[21]

## Adoption and reception

### The nf-core community

In addition to the Centre for Genomic Regulation,[28] other sequencing facilities have adopted Nextflow as their preferred Scientific workflow system, among them the Quantitative Biology Center in Tübingen, the Francis Crick Institute, A*STAR Genome Institute of Singapore, and the Swedish National Genomics Infrastructure.[21]

Efforts to share, harmonize, and curate the bioinformatic pipelines used by those facilities[29][30][31][32] eventually turned into the nf-core project.[33] Spearheaded by Phil Ewels from the Swedish National Genomics Infrastructure[34][35] the focus of the nf-core project is to ensure that pipelines are reproducible and portable across different hardware, operating systems, and software versions. In July 2020, Nextflow and nf-core were awarded a grant from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, recognizing its role as a vital open-source software.[36]

As of 2022, the nf-core organization hosts 73 Nextflow pipelines for the biosciences and more than 700 process modules. Uniting more than 500 developers and scientists, it is the largest collaborative effort and community to develop bioinformatic data analysis pipelines.[37]

### By domain and research subject

Nextflow is preferred in sequencing data processing and genomic data analysis. Over the last five years, numerous pipelines for many different applications and analyses in the field of genomics have been published.

A notable use case in this regard was for pathogen surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic.[38] Monitoring the emergence of new virus variants and retracing its global spread required the swift and highly automatized, yet accurate, processing of raw data, variant analysis, and the designation of lineages, which was enabled by pipelines written in Nextflow.[39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45]

Nextflow also plays an important role for the non-profit plasmid repository Addgene, which uses it to corroborate the integrity of all deposited plasmids.[46]

Apart from genomics, Nextflow is gaining popularity in other domains of biomedical data processing, which also require the application of complex workflows on large amounts of primary data: Drug screening,[47] Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) in radiology,[48] and mass spectrometry data processing,[49][50][51] the latter with a particular focus on proteomics[52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59]

## References

1. ↑ Strozzi, Francesco; Janssen, Roel; Wurmus, Ricardo; Crusoe, Michael R.; Githinji, George; Di Tommaso, Paolo; Belhachemi, Dominique; Möller, Steffen et al. (2019). "Scalable Workflows and Reproducible Data Analysis for Genomics". Evolutionary Genomics. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1910. pp. 723–745. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9074-0_24. ISBN 978-1-4939-9073-3.
2. ↑ Gao, Mingxuan; Ling, Mingyi; Tang, Xinwei; Wang, Shun; Xiao, Xu; Qiao, Ying; Yang, Wenxian; Yu, Rongshan (2021). "Comparison of high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing data processing pipelines". Briefings in Bioinformatics 22 (3). doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa116. PMID 34020539.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Wratten, Laura; Wilm, Andreas; Göke, Jonathan (October 2021). "Reproducible, scalable, and shareable analysis pipelines with bioinformatics workflow managers". Nature Methods 18 (10): 1161–1168. doi:10.1038/s41592-021-01254-9. PMID 34556866.
4. ↑ Terrón-Camero, Laura C.; Gordillo-González, Fernando; Salas-Espejo, Eduardo; Andrés-León, Eduardo (2022). "Comparison of Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics Tools: A Guide to Making the Right Choice". Genes 13 (12): 2280. doi:10.3390/genes13122280. PMID 36553546.
5. ↑ Federico, Anthony; Karagiannis, Tanya; Karri, Kritika; Kishore, Dileep; Koga, Yusuke; Campbell, Joshua D.; Monti, Stefano (2019). "Pipeliner: A Nextflow-Based Framework for the Definition of Sequencing Data Processing Pipelines". Frontiers in Genetics 10: 614. doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00614. PMID 31316552.
6. ↑ Kolpakov, Fedor; Akberdin, Ilya; Kiselev, Ilya; Kolmykov, Semyon; Kondrakhin, Yury; Kulyashov, Mikhail; Kutumova, Elena; Pintus, Sergey et al. (2022). "BioUML—towards a universal research platform". Nucleic Acids Research 50 (W1): W124–W131. doi:10.1093/nar/gkac286. PMID 35536253.
7. ↑ Yukselen, Onur; Turkyilmaz, Osman; Ozturk, Ahmet Rasit; Garber, Manuel; Kucukural, Alper (2020). "Dolphin Next: A distributed data processing platform for high throughput genomics". BMC Genomics 21 (1): 310. doi:10.1186/s12864-020-6714-x. PMID 32306927.
8. ↑ Yuen, Denis; Cabansay, Louise; Duncan, Andrew; Luu, Gary; Hogue, Gregory; Overbeck, Charles; Perez, Natalie; Shands, Walt et al. (2021). "The Dockstore: Enhancing a community platform for sharing reproducible and accessible computational protocols". Nucleic Acids Research 49 (W1): W624–W632. doi:10.1093/nar/gkab346. PMID 33978761.
9. ↑ Ahmed, Azza E.; Allen, Joshua M.; Bhat, Tajesvi; Burra, Prakruthi; Fliege, Christina E.; Hart, Steven N.; Heldenbrand, Jacob R.; Hudson, Matthew E. et al. (2021). "Design considerations for workflow management systems use in production genomics research and the clinic". Scientific Reports 11 (1): 21680. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99288-8. PMID 34737383. Bibcode: 2021NatSR..1121680A.
10. ↑ Baichoo, Shakuntala; Souilmi, Yassine; Panji, Sumir; Botha, Gerrit; Meintjes, Ayton; Hazelhurst, Scott; Bendou, Hocine; Beste, Eugene de et al. (2018). "Developing reproducible bioinformatics analysis workflows for heterogeneous computing environments to support African genomics". BMC Bioinformatics 19 (1): 457. doi:10.1186/s12859-018-2446-1. PMID 30486782.
11. ↑ Jackson, Michael; Kavoussanakis, Kostas; Wallace, Edward W. J. (2021). "Using prototyping to choose a bioinformatics workflow management system". PLOS Computational Biology 17 (2): e1008622. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008622. PMID 33630841. Bibcode: 2021PLSCB..17E8622J.
12. ↑ Tommaso, Paolo Di; Floden, Evan W.; Magis, Cedrik; Palumbo, Emilio; Notredame, Cedric (2017). "Nextflow : Un outil efficace pour l'amélioration de la stabilité numérique des calculs en analyse génomique". Biologie Aujourd'hui 211 (3): 233–237. doi:10.1051/jbio/2017029. PMID 29412134.
13. ↑ "Nextflow Documentation - Channels". https://www.nextflow.io/docs/latest/channel.html?highlight=dataflow.
14. ↑ "Nextflow Documentation - Domain Specific Language (DSL) 2". https://www.aacc.org/cln/articles/2020/march/next-generation-sequencing-bioinformatics-pipelines.
15. ↑ "Nextflow Documentation - Pipeline Sharing". https://www.nextflow.io/docs/latest/sharing.html?highlight=scm.
16. ↑ "Nextflow Documentation - Executors". https://www.nextflow.io/docs/latest/executor.html.
17. ↑ "Nextflow Documentation - Amazon Cloud". https://www.nextflow.io/docs/latest/aws.html.
18. ↑ "Nextflow Documentation - Azure Cloud". https://www.nextflow.io/docs/latest/azure.html.
19. ↑ "Nextflow Documentation - Google Cloud". https://www.nextflow.io/docs/latest/google.html.
20. ↑ Hykes, Solomon (7 June 2013). "Dot Scale 2013 - Why we built Docker". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3N3n9FzebAA.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Di Tomasso, Paolo (14 October 2021). "The story of Nextflow: Building a modern pipeline orchestrator". https://elifesciences.org/labs/d193babe/the-story-of-nextflow-building-a-modern-pipeline-orchestrator.
22. ↑ "Nextflow Documentation - Containers". https://www.nextflow.io/docs/latest/container.html.
23. ↑ Di Tommaso, Paolo (13 October 2022). "Nextflow and the future of containers". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTbiCVq0-sE?t=661.
24. ↑ "Release Version 0.3.0 · nextflow-io/nextflow" (in en). https://github.com/nextflow-io/nextflow/releases/tag/v0.3.0.
25. ↑ Di Tomasso, Paolo (24 October 2018). "Goodbye zero, Hello Apache!". https://www.nextflow.io/blog/2018/goodbye-zero-hello-apache.html.
26. ↑ Di Tommaso, Paolo (8 October 2019). "Introducing Nextflow Tower - Seamless monitoring of data analysis workflows from anywhere". https://seqera.io/blog/introducing-nextflow-tower/.
27. ↑ Di Tommaso, Paolo (24 July 2020). "Nextflow DSL 2 is here!". https://nextflow.io/blog/2020/dsl2-is-here.html.
28. ↑ Di Tomasso, Paolo; Chatzou, Maria; Floden, Evan; Prieto Barja, Pablo; Palumbo, Emilio; Notredame, Cedric (11 April 2017). "Nextflow enables reproducible computational workflows". Nature Biotechnology 35 (4): 316–319. doi:10.1038/nbt.3820. PMID 28398311. https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.3820. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
29. ↑ Fellows Yates, James A.; Lamnidis, Thiseas C.; Borry, Maxime; Andrades Valtueña, Aida; Fagernäs, Zandra; Clayton, Stephen; Garcia, Maxime U.; Neukamm, Judith et al. (2021). "Reproducible, portable, and efficient ancient genome reconstruction with nf-core/Eager". PeerJ 9: e10947. doi:10.7717/peerj.10947. PMID 33777521.
30. ↑ Krakau, Sabrina; Straub, Daniel; Gourlé, Hadrien; Gabernet, Gisela; Nahnsen, Sven (2022). "Nf-core/Mag: A best-practice pipeline for metagenome hybrid assembly and binning". Nar Genomics and Bioinformatics 4: lqac007. doi:10.1093/nargab/lqac007. PMID 35118380.
31. ↑ Garcia, Maxime; Juhos, Szilveszter; Larsson, Malin; Olason, Pall I.; Martin, Marcel; Eisfeldt, Jesper; Dilorenzo, Sebastian; Sandgren, Johanna et al. (2020). "Sarek: A portable workflow for whole-genome sequencing analysis of germline and somatic variants". F1000Research 9: 63. doi:10.12688/f1000research.16665.2. PMID 32269765.
32. ↑ Digby, Barry; Finn, Stephen P.; ó Broin, Pilib (2023). "Nf-core/Circrna: A portable workflow for the quantification, miRNA target prediction and differential expression analysis of circular RNAs". BMC Bioinformatics 24 (1): 27. doi:10.1186/s12859-022-05125-8. PMID 36694127.
33. ↑ Ewels, Philip; Peltzer, Alexander; Fillinger, Sven; Alneberg, Johannes; Patel, Harshil; Wilm, Andreas; Garcia, Maxime Ulysse; Di Tommaso, Paolo et al. (April 1, 2019). "Nf-core: Community curated bioinformatics pipelines". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332446405.
34. ↑ Zapata Garin, Claire-Alix. "nf-core: a community-driven initiative to standardise Nextflow-based pipelines". https://www.lifebit.ai/blog/nf-core-a-community-driven-initiative-to-standardise-nextflow-based-pipelines/.
35. ↑ "The nf-core community provides computational pipelines". February 14, 2020. https://www.scilifelab.se/news/nf-core-community-provides-computational-pipelines/.
36. ↑ "Nextflow and nf-core: Reproducible Workflows for the Scientific Community". 27 July 2020. https://chanzuckerberg.com/eoss/proposals/nextflow-and-nf-core-reproducible-workflows-for-the-scientific-community/.
37. ↑ "nf-core Github organization". https://github.com/nf-core.
38. ↑ Floden, Evan (5 November 2021). "Genetic Sequencing Will Enable Us To Win The Global Battle Against COVID-19". https://www.bio-itworld.com/news/2021/11/05/genetic-sequencing-will-enable-us-to-win-the-global-battle-against-covid-19.
39. ↑ Afolayan, Ayorinde O. et al. (2021). "Overcoming Data Bottlenecks in Genomic Pathogen Surveillance". Clinical Infectious Diseases 73 (Suppl_4): S267–S274. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab785. PMID 34850839.
40. ↑ Tilloy, Valentin; Cuzin, Pierre; Leroi, Laura; Guérin, Emilie; Durand, Patrick; Alain, Sophie (2022). "ASPICov: An automated pipeline for identification of SARS-Cov2 nucleotidic variants". PLOS ONE 17 (1): e0262953. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262953. PMID 35081137. Bibcode: 2022PLoSO..1762953T.
41. ↑ Petit, Robert A.; Read, Timothy D. (2020). "Bactopia: A Flexible Pipeline for Complete Analysis of Bacterial Genomes". mSystems 5 (4). doi:10.1128/mSystems.00190-20. PMID 32753501.
42. ↑ Pandolfo, Mattia; Telatin, Andrea; Lazzari, Gioele; Adriaenssens, Evelien M.; Vitulo, Nicola (2022). "Meta Phage: An Automated Pipeline for Analyzing, Annotating, and Classifying Bacteriophages in Metagenomics Sequencing Data". mSystems 7 (5): e0074122. doi:10.1128/msystems.00741-22. PMID 36069454.
43. ↑ Gauthier, Marie-Emilie A.; Lelwala, Ruvini V.; Elliott, Candace E.; Windell, Craig; Fiorito, Sonia; Dinsdale, Adrian; Whattam, Mark; Pattemore, Julie et al. (2022). "Side-by-Side Comparison of Post-Entry Quarantine and High Throughput Sequencing Methods for Virus and Viroid Diagnosis". Biology 11 (2): 263. doi:10.3390/biology11020263. PMID 35205129.
44. ↑ Brandt, Christian; Krautwurst, Sebastian; Spott, Riccardo; Lohde, Mara; Jundzill, Mateusz; Marquet, Mike; Hölzer, Martin (2021). "Pore Cov-An Easy to Use, Fast, and Robust Workflow for SARS-CoV-2 Genome Reconstruction via Nanopore Sequencing". Frontiers in Genetics 12: 711437. doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.711437. PMID 34394197.
45. ↑ Afiahayati; Bernard, Stefanus; Gunadi; Wibawa, Hendra; Hakim, Mohamad Saifudin; Marcellus; Parikesit, Arli Aditya; Dewa, Chandra Kusuma et al. (2022). "A Comparison of Bioinformatics Pipelines for Enrichment Illumina Next Generation Sequencing Systems in Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Virus Strains". Genes 13 (8): 1330. doi:10.3390/genes13081330. PMID 35893066.
46. ↑ Niehaus, Jason (14 July 2022). "Bioinformatics at Addgene". https://blog.addgene.org/bioinformatics-at-addgene.
47. ↑ Ssekagiri, Alfred; Jjingo, Daudi; Lujumba, Ibra; Bbosa, Nicholas; Bugembe, Daniel L.; Kateete, David P.; Jordan, I King; Kaleebu, Pontiano et al. (2022). "Quasi Flow: A Nextflow pipeline for analysis of NGS-based HIV-1 drug resistance data". Bioinformatics Advances 2: vbac089. doi:10.1093/bioadv/vbac089. PMID 36699347.
48. ↑ Theaud, Guillaume; Houde, Jean-Christophe; Boré, Arnaud; Rheault, François; Morency, Felix; Descoteaux, Maxime (2020). "Tracto Flow: A robust, efficient and reproducible diffusion MRI pipeline leveraging Nextflow & Singularity". NeuroImage 218: 116889. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116889. PMID 32447016.
49. ↑ Van Maldegem, Febe; Valand, Karishma; Cole, Megan; Patel, Harshil; Angelova, Mihaela; Rana, Sareena; Colliver, Emma; Enfield, Katey et al. (2021). "Characterisation of tumour microenvironment remodelling following oncogene inhibition in preclinical studies with imaging mass cytometry". Nature Communications 12 (1): 5906. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26214-x. PMID 34625563. Bibcode: 2021NatCo..12.5906V.
50. ↑ Li, Chenxin; Gao, Mingxuan; Yang, Wenxian; Zhong, Chuanqi; Yu, Rongshan (2021). "Diamond: A multi-modal DIA mass spectrometry data processing pipeline". Bioinformatics 37 (2): 265–267. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1093. PMID 33416868.
51. ↑ Luu, Gordon T.; Freitas, Michael A.; Lizama-Chamu, Itzel; McCaughey, Catherine S.; Sanchez, Laura M.; Wang, Mingxun (2022). "TIMSCONVERT: A workflow to convert trapped ion mobility data to open data formats". Bioinformatics 38 (16): 4046–4047. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btac419. PMID 35758608.
52. ↑ Perez-Riverol, Yasset; Moreno, Pablo (2020). "Scalable Data Analysis in Proteomics and Metabolomics Using Bio Containers and Workflows Engines". Proteomics 20 (9): e1900147. doi:10.1002/pmic.201900147. PMID 31657527.
53. ↑ Vlasova, Anna; Hermoso Pulido, Toni; Camara, Francisco; Ponomarenko, Julia; Guigó, Roderic (2021). "FA-nf: A Functional Annotation Pipeline for Proteins from Non-Model Organisms Implemented in Nextflow". Genes 12 (10): 1645. doi:10.3390/genes12101645. PMID 34681040.
54. ↑ Miller, Rachel M.; Jordan, Ben T.; Mehlferber, Madison M.; Jeffery, Erin D.; Chatzipantsiou, Christina; Kaur, Simi; Millikin, Robert J.; Dai, Yunxiang et al. (2022). "Enhanced protein isoform characterization through long-read proteogenomics". Genome Biology 23 (1): 69. doi:10.1186/s13059-022-02624-y. PMID 35241129.
55. ↑ Othman, Houcemeddine; Jemimah, Sherlyn; Da Rocha, Jorge Emanuel Batista (2022). "SWAAT Bioinformatics Workflow for Protein Structure-Based Annotation of ADME Gene Variants". Journal of Personalized Medicine 12 (2): 263. doi:10.3390/jpm12020263. PMID 35207751.
56. ↑ Bichmann, Leon; Gupta, Shubham; Rosenberger, George; Kuchenbecker, Leon; Sachsenberg, Timo; Ewels, Phil; Alka, Oliver; Pfeuffer, Julianus et al. (2021). "DIAproteomics: A Multifunctional Data Analysis Pipeline for Data-Independent Acquisition Proteomics and Peptidomics". Journal of Proteome Research 20 (7): 3758–3766. doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00123. PMID 34153189. https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/32129.
57. ↑ Walzer, Mathias; García-Seisdedos, David; Prakash, Ananth; Brack, Paul; Crowther, Peter; Graham, Robert L.; George, Nancy; Mohammed, Suhaib et al. (2022). "Implementing the reuse of public DIA proteomics datasets: From the PRIDE database to Expression Atlas". Scientific Data 9 (1): 335. doi:10.1038/s41597-022-01380-9. PMID 35701420. Bibcode: 2022NatSD...9..335W.
58. ↑ Hulstaert, Niels; Shofstahl, Jim; Sachsenberg, Timo; Walzer, Mathias; Barsnes, Harald; Martens, Lennart; Perez-Riverol, Yasset (2020). "ThermoRawFile Parser: Modular, Scalable, and Cross-Platform RAW File Conversion". Journal of Proteome Research 19 (1): 537–542. doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00328. PMID 31755270.
59. ↑ Li, Kai; Jain, Antrix; Malovannaya, Anna; Wen, Bo; Zhang, Bing (2020). "Deep Rescore: Leveraging Deep Learning to Improve Peptide Identification in Immunopeptidomics". Proteomics 20 (21–22): e1900334. doi:10.1002/pmic.201900334. PMID 32864883.

## External links

* Official website
* nf-core project
* Seqera Labs

## See also

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