OrientDB

Developer(s)| OrientDB Ltd
Initial release| 2010; 16 years ago (2010)
Stable release|

3.2.44 / September 4, 2025; 8 months ago (2025-09-04)[1]

Written in| Java
Platform| Java SE
Type| Document-oriented database, Graph database, Multi-model database
License| Apache 2 License
Website| orientdb.dev

OrientDB is an open source NoSQL database management system written in Java. It is a Multi-model database, supporting graph, document and object models,[2] the relationships are managed as in graph databases with direct connections between records. It supports schema-less, schema-full and schema-mixed modes. It has a strong security profiling system based on users and roles and supports querying with Gremlin along with SQL extended for graph traversal. OrientDB uses several indexing mechanisms based on B-tree and Extendible hashing, the last one is known as "hash index". Each record has Surrogate key which indicates the position of the record on disk. Links between records (edges) are stored either as the record's position stored directly inside of the referrer or as B-tree of record positions (so-called record IDs or RIDs), that serves as a container of RIDs, which allows fast traversal (with O(1) complexity) of one-to-many relationships and fast addition/removal of new links. OrientDB is the 6th most popular graph database according to the DB-Engines graph database ranking,[3] as of January 2024.

The development of OrientDB relies on an open-source community. The project uses GitHub[4] to manage the sources, contributors and versioning.

## Contents

* 1 Engine
* 2 Editions & licenses
* 3 Applications
* 4 History
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Engine

OrientDB is built with a multi-model graph/document engine. While OrientDB includes a SQL layer, the support for edges effectively means that these may be used to traverse relationships rather than employing a JOIN statement.[5] OrientDB handles every record / document as an object and the linking between objects / documents is implemented using direct pointers to the record's positions on disk. This leads to quick retrieval of related data as compared to joins in an RDBMS.[6]

## Editions & licenses

OrientDB Community Edition is free for any use under the Apache 2 license. There is no commercial version of OrientDB.

## Applications

* Banking
* Big Data
* Fraud prevention[7]
* Loan management software (Floify)[8][self-published source]
* Master data management[9][10]
* Non-coding RNA human interaction database[11]
* Recommendation engines[12][self-published source]
* Social networking
* Traffic management systems[13]

## History

OrientDB was originally authored by Luca Garulli in 2010. Luca wrote it as a Java rewrite of the fast persistent layer of Orient ODBMS database (originally developed by Luca Garulli in 1999 in C++). During 2012–2014 years storage engine was redeveloped by Andrii Lomakin. It has got a new name "plocal" which stands for "paginated local". This name implies that the new storage engine is based on the concept of the splitting of data files by pages and page is treated as a single atomic unit of change. Since 2012, the project is being sponsored by OrientDB LTD (former Orient Technologies LTD), a for-profit company with Luca as its CEO and founder. In 2013 Andrii Lomakin has joined the company as R&D lead engineer and company's co-owner.[14][15]

The first time the word "multi-model" has been associated to the databases was on May 30, 2012, in Cologne, Germany, during Luca Garulli's keynote "NoSQL Adoption – What’s the Next Step?".[16][17] Luca Garulli envisioned the evolution of the 1st generation NoSQL products into new products with more features able to be used by multiple use cases. OrientDB was the first product to embrace documents, graphs, key-value, geospatial and reactive models in the same product, at the core level. This means that the multiple models were integrated into the core without using layers. For this reason, OrientDB is a "Native" Multi-model database.

OrientDB has been covered by media outlets and is the winner of the 2015 InfoWorld Bossie award.[18]

On September 15, 2017, OrientDB LTD company has been acquired by CallidusCloud.[19]

On January 30, 2018, it was announced SAP acquired CallidusCloud for $2.4 billion.[20] and therefore OrientDB is now supported by SAP.

On September 1, 2021,[21][self-published source] the original founder Luca Garulli left SAP and created a new database project ArcadeDB with a similar data presentation model after SAP decided to stop providing commercial support for OrientDB.

On December 30, 2024,[22][self-published source] author of OrientDB storage engine Andrii Lomakin has created YouTrackDB, a fork of OrientDB oriented on manipulation of the graph data and support of object-oriented concepts for enterprise application developers.

## See also

* XML database

## References

1. ↑ "OrientDB 3.2 Release Notes". https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-3.2-Release-Notes.
2. ↑ "Multi-Model Database - OrientDB Manual". http://orientdb.com/docs/last/Tutorial-Document-and-graph-model.html.
3. ↑ "DB-Engines Ranking - popularity ranking of graph DBMS". https://db-engines.com/en/ranking/graph+dbms.
4. ↑ "orientechnologies/orientdb". 30 May 2020. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb.
5. ↑ Ltd., Bloor Research International (6 August 2014). "Diaku: more than governance - Bloor". http://www.bloorresearch.com/blog/im-blog/diaku-more-than-governance/?redir=1.
6. ↑ "Hidden Gems of Web / Mobile Development from Open-Source". http://www.techzulla.com/blog/hidden-gems-of-web-mobile-development-from-open-source/.
7. ↑ "Harness graphs & documents for Real-time Fraud Prevention". http://orientdb.com/preventing-fraud_white-paper/.
8. ↑ Sims, Dave (2015-03-05). "Why I Use OrientDB on Production Application". https://dzone.com/articles/why-i-use-orientdb-production.
9. ↑ Nuix. "Nuix 7 Conquers Customer Challenges for Today and Builds Hyper-Scale Capacity for the Future" (Press release).
10. ↑ "Diaku Axon - Data Governance powered by OrientDB". http://orientdb.com/diaku-axon_case-study/.
11. ↑ Bonnici, V; Russo, F; Bombieri, N; Pulvirenti, A; Giugno, R (2014). "Comprehensive reconstruction and visualization of non-coding regulatory networks in human". Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2: 69. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2014.00069. PMID 25540777.
12. ↑ "MovieLens recommendation engine with OrientDB - Pizza Connections". http://pizzaconnections.net/2015/03/27/148/.
13. ↑ "Traffic Management Systems with OrientDB". http://orientdb.com/traffic-management_white-paper/.
14. ↑ "Expert Interview with Luca Garulli Of OrientDB On Multi-Model Database Management For Big Data". 18 May 2015. http://blog.bigstep.com/big-data-experts-interviews/expert-interview-with-luca-garulli-of-orientdb-on-multi-model-database-management-for-big-data/.
15. ↑ admin. "Intervista a Luca Garulli – JavaStaff.com". http://www.javastaff.com/2007/12/11/intervista-a-luca-garulli/.
16. ↑ "Multi-Model storage 1/2 one product". Slideshare. 2012-06-01. http://www.slideshare.net/lvca/no-sql-matters2012keynote/47-MultiModel_storage_12_one_product.
17. ↑ "Nosql Matters Conference 2012 | NoSQL Matters CGN 2012". https://2012.nosql-matters.org/cgn/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/KeyNote-Luca-Garulli.pdf.
18. ↑ staff, InfoWorld (16 September 2015). "Bossie Awards 2015: The best open source application development tools". InfoWorld. http://www.infoworld.com/article/2982920/open-source-tools/bossie-awards-2015-the-best-open-source-application-development-tools.html#slide17.
19. ↑ "CallidusCloud Acquires Leading Multi-Model Database Technology" (Press release). 2017-09-19. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
20. ↑ "SAP snags CallidusCloud for $2.4 billion". TechCrunch. January 30, 2018. https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/30/sap-snags-calliduscloud-for-2-4-billion/?sr_share=facebook.
21. ↑ "Welcome to ArcadeDB". September 1, 2021. https://blog.arcadedb.com/welcome-to-arcadedb.
22. ↑ "Long road ahead". December 30, 2024. https://medium.com/@youtrackdb/long-road-ahead-6d648141a190.

## External links

* Official website

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