Proxmox Virtual Environment

Proxmox VE 8.0 administration interface screenshot

Developer| Proxmox Server Solutions GmbH
Written in| Perl,[1] Rust[2]
OS family| Linux (Unix-like)
Working state| Current
Source model| Free and open source software
Initial release| 15 April 2008; 18 years ago (2008-04-15)
|Final preview|Latest preview}}| 8.0 beta1[3] / 9 June 2023; 2 years ago (2023-06-09)
Available in| 25 languages[4]
Update method| APT
Package manager| dpkg
Platforms| AMD64
Kernel type| Monolithic (Linux)
Userland| GNU
Default user interface| Web-based
License| GNU Affero General Public License[5]
Official website| {{{1}}}

Proxmox Virtual Environment (PVE, or simply Proxmox) is a virtualization platform designed for the provisioning of hyper-converged infrastructure.

Proxmox allows deployment and management of virtual machines and containers.[6][7] It is based on Debian GNU/Linux[8] and uses a modified Ubuntu LTS kernel.[9] Two types of virtualization are supported: container-based with LXC (starting from version 4.0 replacing OpenVZ used in version up to 3.4, included[10]), and full virtualization with KVM.[11]

It includes a web-based management interface.[12][13] There is also a mobile application available for controlling PVE environments.[14]

Proxmox is released under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License, version 3.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Features
* 2.1 High-Availability Cluster
* 2.2 Virtual Appliances
* 3 Proxmox Datacenter Manager
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## History

Development of Proxmox VE started in 2005 when Dietmar Maurer and Martin Maurer, two Linux developers, discovered OpenVZ had no backup tool or management GUI. KVM was also appearing at the same time in Linux, and was added shortly afterwards.[15]

The first public release took place in April 2008. It supported container and full virtualization, managed with a web-based user interface similar to other commercial offerings.[16]

## Features

Proxmox VE is an open-source server virtualization platform to manage two virtualization technologies: Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) for virtual machines and LXC for containers - with a single web-based interface.[11] It also integrates out-of-the-box-tools for configuring high availability between servers, software-defined storage, networking, and disaster recovery.[17]

Proxmox VE supports live migration for guest machines between nodes in the scope of a single cluster, which allows smooth migration without interrupting their services.[18] Since PVE 7.3 there is an experimental feature for migration between unrelated nodes in different clusters.[19]

To authenticate users to the web GUI, Proxmox can use its own internal authentication database, PAM, OIDC, LDAP or Active Directory.[20] Multi-factor authentication is also available using TOTP, WebAuthn, or YubiKey OTP.[21]

Since PVE 8.1 there is a full Software-Defined Network (SDN) stack implemented and is compatible with Secure Boot.[22]

Guest machine backups can be done using the included standalone vzdump tool.[23] PVE can also be integrated with a separate Proxmox Backup Server (PBS) using a web GUI,[24] or with the text-based Proxmox Backup Client application.[25]

Since PVE 8, along with the standard GUI installer, there is a semi-graphic (TUI) installer integrated into the ISO image.[20] From PVE 8.2 it is possible to make automatic scripted installations.[26]

### High-Availability Cluster

Proxmox VE (PVE) can be clustered across multiple server nodes.[27]

Since version 2.0, Proxmox VE offers a high availability option for clusters based on the Corosync communication stack. Starting from PVE 6.0, Corosync 3.x is in use (not compatible with earlier PVE versions). Individual virtual servers can be configured for high availability using the integrated HA manager.[28][29] If a Proxmox node becomes unavailable or fails, the virtual machines can be automatically moved to another node and restarted.[30] The database and FUSE-based Proxmox Cluster file system (pmxcfs[31]) makes it possible to perform the configuration of each cluster node via the Corosync communication stack with SQLite engine.[13]

Another HA-related element in PVE is the distributed file system Ceph, which can be used as a shared storage for guest machines.[32]

There is also an independent tool available for rebalancing virtual machines and containers between nodes, called Prox Load Balancer (ProxLB).[33]

### Virtual Appliances

Proxmox VE has pre-packaged server software appliances which can be downloaded via the GUI.[34]

## Proxmox Datacenter Manager

At the end of 2024 it was announced that Proxmox Datacenter Manager (PDM) was being developed. Its role is to aggregate management of multiple PVE clusters or hosts, possibly thousands. First release was labelled as alpha, with beta and stable versions expected in 2025.[35] Beta version (0.9), which has been released in September 2025, is lacking notifications and console access for nodes, but allows pulling error logs from nodes and managing updates on them. It enables simple migration of virtual machines and LXC containers between managed nodes. [36]

## See also

* Comparison of platform virtualization software
* Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)
* oVirt

## References

1. ↑ "Proxmox Manager Git Tree". https://git.proxmox.com/?p=pve-manager.git;a=tree.
2. ↑ "Proxmox VE Rust Git Tree". https://git.proxmox.com/?p=proxmox-perl-rs.git;a=tree.
3. ↑ "Roadmap". Proxmox. https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Roadmap#Roadmap.
4. ↑ "projects / proxmox-i18n.git / tree". https://git.proxmox.com/?p=proxmox-i18n.git;a=tree.
5. ↑ "Open Source – Proxmox VE". Proxmox Server Solutions. https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Open_Source.
6. ↑ Simon M.C. Cheng (31 October 2014). Proxmox High Availability. Packt Publishing Ltd. pp. 41–. ISBN 978-1-78398-089-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=PtskBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT41.
7. ↑ Plura, Michael (July 2013). "Aus dem Nähkästchen". IX Magazin (Heise Zeitschriften Verlag) 2013 (7): 74–77. https://www.heise.de/ix/inhalt/2013/07/74/. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
8. ↑ "Features" (in en-gb). https://www.proxmox.com/en/products/proxmox-virtual-environment/features.
9. ↑ "Proxmox VE Kernel - Proxmox VE" (in en). https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Proxmox_VE_Kernel.
10. ↑ "Proxmox VE 4.0 with Linux Containers (LXC) and new HA Manager released". Proxmox. 11 December 2015. https://proxmox.com/en/news/press-releases/proxmox-ve-4-0-released.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Ken Hess (July 11, 2011). "Proxmox: The Ultimate Hypervisor". ZDNet. https://www.zdnet.com/article/proxmox-the-ultimate-hypervisor/.
12. ↑ Vervloesem, Koen. "Proxmox VE 2.0 review – A virtualization server for any situation", Linux User & Developer, 11 April 2012. Retrieved on 16 July 2015.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Drilling, Thomas (May 2013). "Virtualization Control Room". Linux Pro Magazine (Linux New Media USA). https://www.linux-magazine.com/Issues/2013/150/Proxmox-VE. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
14. ↑ "Proxmox Virtual Environment". Proxmox Server Solutions GmbH. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.proxmox.app.pve_flutter_frontend.
15. ↑ "Proxmox VE 1.5: combining KVM and OpenVZ". Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/375930/.
16. ↑ Ken Hess (April 15, 2013). "Happy 5th birthday, Proxmox". ZDNet. https://www.zdnet.com/article/happy-5th-birthday-proxmox/.
17. ↑ "Features". https://www.proxmox.com/en/proxmox-ve/features.
18. ↑ Rajvanshi, Akash. "Proxmox 101". https://medium.com/devops-dudes/proxmox-101-8204eb154cd5.
19. ↑ "How to migrate VM from one PVE cluster to another". https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/how-to-migrate-vm-from-one-pve-cluster-to-another.68762/#post-516726.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Lee, Brandon. "Proxmox 8: New Features and Home Lab Upgrade Instructions". https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2023/06/proxmox-8-new-features-and-home-lab-upgrade-instructions/.
21. ↑ Lee, Brandon (2024-03-22). "First 10 Steps I do on Proxmox in 2024" (in en-US). https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2024/03/first-10-steps-i-do-on-proxmox-in-2024/.
22. ↑ Borisov, Bobby. "Proxmox VE 8.1 Introduces Secure Boot Compatibility". https://linuxiac.com/proxmox-ve-8-1-introduces-secure-boot-compatibility/.
23. ↑ "Backup of a running container with vzdump". https://wiki.openvz.org/Backup_of_a_running_container_with_vzdump.
24. ↑ "Getting Started With Proxmox Backup Server". https://ostechnix.com/getting-started-with-proxmox-backup-server/.
25. ↑ "How To Use Proxmox Backup Client To Backup Files In Linux". https://ostechnix.com/use-proxmox-backup-client-to-backup-files/.
26. ↑ Smith, Lyle. "Proxmox VE 8.2 Introduces VMware Import Wizard, Enhanced Backup Options, and Advanced GUI Features". https://www.storagereview.com/news/proxmox-ve-8-2-introduces-vmware-import-wizard-enhanced-backup-options-and-advanced-gui-features.
27. ↑ Wasim Ahmedi (2014-07-14). Mastering Proxmox. Packt Publishing Ltd. pp. 99–. ISBN 978-1-78398-083-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=6VEFBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT99.
28. ↑ "PVE HA Manager Source repository". https://git.proxmox.com/?p=pve-ha-manager.git;a=summary.
29. ↑ "Proxmox VE documentation: High Availability". https://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/chapter-ha-manager.html#_how_it_works.
30. ↑ "High Availability Virtualization using Proxmox VE and Ceph". Jacksonville Linux Users' Group. http://www.jaxlug.net/index.php/2014/07/16.
31. ↑ "Proxmox Cluster File System (pmxcfs)". https://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/pve-admin-guide.html#chapter_pmxcfs.
32. ↑ Ladyzhenskyi, Pavel. "Setting up a Proxmox VE cluster with Ceph shared storage". https://medium.com/@qwonkiwow/setting-up-a-proxmox-ve-cluster-with-ceph-shared-storage-e7a4f652f321.
33. ↑ "ProxLB - The Prox Load Balancer for Proxmox". ProxLB. https://proxlb.de/.
34. ↑ "The next server operating system you buy will be a virtual machine". 15 October 2013. https://www.zdnet.com/article/the-next-server-operating-system-you-buy-will-be-a-virtual-machine/.
35. ↑ "Proxmox Datacenter Manager - First Alpha Release". Dec 19, 2024. https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/proxmox-datacenter-manager-first-alpha-release.159324/.
36. ↑ Pande, Ayush. "Proxmox Datacenter Manager is an underrated tool for your PVE servers". https://www.xda-developers.com/proxmox-datacenter-manager-is-an-underrated-tool/.

## External links

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* v
* t
* e

Virtualization software

Comparison of platform virtualization software

Hardware
virtualization
(hypervisors)|

| Native|

* Adeos
* CP/CMS
* Hyper-V
* KVM
* Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization
* LDoms / Oracle VM Server for SPARC
* Logical Partition (LPAR)
* LynxSecure
* PikeOS
* Proxmox VE
* SIMMON
* VMware ESXi
* VMware vSphere
* vCloud
* VMware Infrastructure
* Xen
* Oracle VM Server for x86
* XenServer
* XtratuM
* z/VM

|

Hosted|

| Specialized|

* Basilisk II
* bhyve
* Bochs
* Cooperative Linux
* DOSBox
* DOSEMU
* PCem
* PikeOS
* SheepShaver
* SIMH
* Windows on Windows
* Virtual DOS machine
* Win4Lin

|

Independent|

* Microsoft Virtual Server
* Parallels Workstation
* Parallels Desktop for Mac
* Parallels Server for Mac
* PearPC
* QEMU
* VirtualBox
* Virtual Iron
* VMware Fusion
* VMware Player
* VMware Server
* VMware Workstation
* Windows Virtual PC

Tools|

* Ganeti
* oVirt
* System Center Virtual Machine Manager
* Virtual Machine Manager

OS-level
virtualization|

| Full stack|

* Container Linux
* Docker
* iCore Virtual Accounts
* Linux-VServer
* Turbo
* Virtuozzo

|

Backends|

* chroot
* cgroups
* FreeBSD jail
* Linux namespaces
* lmctfy
* LXC
* OpenVZ
* seccomp
* vkernel
* Solaris Containers
* Workload Partitions

Orchestration|

* Amazon ECS
* Kubernetes
* OpenShift

Desktop
virtualization|

* Citrix XenApp
* Citrix XenDesktop
* Remote Desktop Services
* VMware Horizon View
* Ulteo Open Virtual Desktop

Application
virtualization|

* Ceedo
* Citrix XenApp
* Dalvik
* InstallFree
* Microsoft App-V
* Remote Desktop Services
* Symantec Workspace Virtualization
* Turbo
* VMware ThinApp
* ZeroVM

Network
virtualization|

* Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet (DOVE)
* NVGRE
* Open vSwitch
* Virtual security switch
* Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN)

See also: List of emulators

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