ReactOS

Short description: Free incomplete Windows NT-like operating system

ReactOS

ReactOS 0.4.14 desktop

Developer| Community contributors
The ReactOS developers
Written in| C, C++[1]
OS family| Windows NT-like
Working state| Alpha
Source model| Open-source[2]
Initial release| (partial) 1998; 28 years ago (1998)
|Final preview|Latest preview}}| 0.4.14[3] / December 16, 2021; 4 years ago (2021-12-16)[3]
Marketing target| Personal computing
Update method| CD-ROM ISO image, QEMU image, VirtualBox image, VMware image, or source code[4]
Platforms| IA-32, x86-64
Kernel type| Hybrid (designed to be compatible with Windows NT family)
Influenced by| Microsoft Windows
Default user interface| Graphical (ReactOS Explorer)
License| GPL-2.0-or-later[lower-alpha 1]
Official website| www.reactos.org
ReactOS 0.4.14 running the Firefox web browser

ReactOS is a free and open-source operating system for amd64/i686 personal computers intended to be binary-compatible with computer programs and device drivers developed for Windows Server 2003 and later versions of Microsoft Windows.[5][6] ReactOS has been noted as a potential open-source drop-in replacement for Windows[7][8][9] and for its information on undocumented Windows APIs.[10]

ReactOS has been in development since 1996. As of February 2022[update], it is still considered feature-incomplete alpha software, and is therefore recommended by the developers only for evaluation and testing purposes.[11][12] However, many Windows applications are working, such as Adobe Reader 9.3, GIMP 2.6, and LibreOffice 5.4.[13][14]

ReactOS is primarily written in C, with some elements, such as ReactOS File Explorer, written in C++. The project partially implements Windows API functionality and has been ported to the AMD64 processor architecture.[15] ReactOS, as part of the FOSS ecosystem, re-uses and collaborates with many other FOSS projects,[16][17] most notably the Wine project, which presents a Windows compatibility layer for Unix-like operating systems.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Early development
* 1.2 Internal audit
* 1.3 Google Summer of Code participation
* 1.4 Lobbying for support in Russia
* 1.5 Funding campaigns
* 1.6 Thorium Core Cloud Desktop project
* 1.7 ReactOS Community Edition
* 1.8 ReactOS Hackfest
* 2 Release history
* 3 Features
* 3.1 Programs
* 3.2 Commands
* 4 Development
* 4.1 ReactOS core development
* 4.2 Collaboration and reuse
* 4.2.1 Hardware driver stack
* 4.2.2 Networking
* 4.2.3 Wine cooperation
* 4.2.4 Other
* 5 Forks
* 6 Reception
* 6.1 Awards
* 7 See also
* 8 Notes
* 9 References
* 10 External links

## History

### Early development

Around 1996, a group of free and open-source software developers started a project called FreeWin95 to implement a clone of Windows 95. The project stalled in discussions of the design of the system.

While FreeWin95 had started out with high expectations, there still had not been any builds released to the public by the end of 1997. As a result, the project members, led by then coordinator Jason Filby, joined together to revive the project. The revived project sought to duplicate the functionality of Windows NT.[18] In creating the new project, a new name, ReactOS, was chosen. The project began development in February 1998 by creating the basis for a new NT kernel and basic drivers.[19][20] The name ReactOS was coined during an IRC chat. While the term "OS" stood for operating system, the term "react" referred to the group's dissatisfaction with – and reaction to – Microsoft's monopolistic position.[8]

In 2002, the ReactOS Foundation was established in Moscow with Maxim Osowski and Aleksey Bragin as executive officers and Vladimir Bragin, Saveliy Tretiakov and Alexey Ivanov on the board of directors.[21] In 2015, the foundation was liquidated.[22]

### Internal audit

In order to avoid copyright prosecution, ReactOS had to be expressly completely distinct and non-derivative from Windows, a goal that needed very careful work.[23] A claim was made on 17 January 2006 by developer Hartmut Birr on the ReactOS developers mailing list (ros-dev) that ReactOS contained code derived from disassembling Microsoft Windows.[24] The code that Birr disputed involved the function BadStack in syscall.S,[25] as well as other unspecified items.[26] Comparing this function to disassembled binaries from Windows XP, Birr argued that the BadStack function was simply copy-pasted from Windows XP, given that they were identical. Alex Ionescu, the author of the code, asserted that while the Windows XP binary in question was indeed disassembled and studied, the code was not merely copy-pasted, but reimplemented; the reason why the functions were identical, Ionescu claimed, was because there was only one possible way to implement the function.[27]

On 27 January 2006, the developers responsible for maintaining the ReactOS code repository disabled access after a meeting was held to discuss the allegations. When approached by NewsForge, Microsoft declined to comment on the incident. Since ReactOS is a free and open-source software development project, the claim triggered a negative reaction from the free software community; in particular, Wine barred several inactive developers from providing contributions[citation needed] and formal high level cooperation between the two projects remained difficult as of 2006[update].[28] Contributions from several active ReactOS developers have been accepted post-audit, and low level cooperation for bug fixes has been still occurring.

In a statement on its website, ReactOS cited differing legal definitions of what constitutes clean-room reverse engineering as a cause for the conflict.[29] To avoid potential litigation, companies sometimes enact a policy where reimplementation based on disassembled code must be written by someone other than the person having disassembled and examined the original code.[30][31] ReactOS clarified its Intellectual Property Policy Statement requirements on clean room reverse engineering to avoid potential infringement of United States law. An internal source code audit was conducted to ensure that only clean room reverse engineering was used, and all developers were made to sign an agreement committing them to comply with the project's policies on reverse engineering.[28] Contributors to its development were not affected by these events and all access to the software development tools was restored shortly afterward. In September 2007, with the audit nearing completion, the audit status was removed from the ReactOS homepage. Though the audit was completed, specific details were not made public, as it was only an internal effort to ensure compliance with the project's own policies.[32]

Much of the assembly code that was allegedly copied has also been replaced as a natural progression in ReactOS development, by the developers having reimplemented the functionality in C for portability reasons.[citation needed]

Also, the 2004 leaked Windows source code[33] was not seen as legal risk for ReactOS, as the trade secret was considered indefensible in court due to broad spread.[34]

Axel Rietschin, who is a kernel engineer at Microsoft, claimed that he recognized some specific bits in the ReactOS kernel that are unlikely to result from a clean room reimplementation. He suggests that the project took source code from the Windows Research Kernel, which was licensed to universities and has been leaked multiple times. Internal data structures and variable names have the exact same name in both ReactOS and the research kernel.[35]

### Google Summer of Code participation

Starting in 2006,[36] the ReactOS project participated in several Google Summers of Code. For example, in the GSoC 2011,[37] ReactOS mentored a student project which integrated lwIP into the network stack.[38] ReactOS has to date participated seven times in GSoC: 2006, 2011, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2021.

### Lobbying for support in Russia

Between 2007 and 2015, Russian ReactOS contributors representing the ReactOS Foundation made efforts at lobbying the Russian federal government. As of April 2019[update], these efforts have not yielded government support for ReactOS, and the Russia-based ReactOS Foundation has been dissolved since November 2015.[22]

Former ReactOS project coordinator Aleksey Bragin (left) showing ReactOS to Viktor Alksnis

* In 2007, then State Duma member and chairman of Russian Center of Free Technologies, Viktor Alksnis met with project coordinator Aleksey Bragin, who gave a presentation and demonstration of the project, showing ReactOS running with Total Commander and Mozilla Firefox.[39]
* In 2011, a demonstration was given to then president Dmitry Medvedev during a visit to a high school in Verhnerusskoe, Stavropol, attended by one of the development team members.[40]
* On 31 July 2012, Vladimir Putin was also given a demonstration during his visit as President of Russia to Seliger Youth Forum, attended by Marat Karatov, one of the development team members.[41]
* On 1 April 2015, Bragin attended an expert meeting of the Russian Ministry of Communications on reducing Russia's dependency from proprietary software imports. Its minutes name the "creation of an open source operating system based on ReactOS for PCs, laptops and other mobile devices", as well as the "creation of an open source operating system for servers based on ReactOS",[42][43][44][45] placing it second among three named proposals.

### Funding campaigns

On 1 May 2012, a €30,000 funding campaign was started to finance additional development projects.[46][47] At the end of the year, approximately 50% of the funding goal was achieved and it was decided to continue the funding campaign without deadlines.[48] The money went to ReactOS Deutschland e. V.. As the tax law in Germany for this form of a registered voluntary association (Eingetragener Verein) makes it problematic to pay developers directly;[49] indirect possibilities like stipends were evaluated.

### Thorium Core Cloud Desktop project

When ReactOS was awarded as Project of the Month on SourceForge on June 2013, a crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter was announced in an interview with the project's coordinator, Aleksey Bragin.[50] On 23 December 2013 the announced project was revealed as a Kickstarter campaign with the goal of US$120,000 was started.[51][52] The Thorium Core Cloud Desktop dubbed cloud computing service would use ReactOS as core and could allow the use of Windows compatible applications from mobile devices (like smartphones, tablets), workstations, or any other connected device. On 21 February 2014, fundraising ended short of the target amount, with $48,965 of $120,000 raised, resulting in no transferred money.[53]

### ReactOS Community Edition

In April 2014, the ReactOS project announced an Indiegogo campaign to launch ReactOS Community Edition, a version of ReactOS based on the 0.4 release. The flexible funding campaign had a goal of $50,000 with additional stretch goals beyond that.[54] Development of ReactOS Community Edition would be community-centric, with ReactOS users voting and funding to decide which software and hardware drivers the project will aim to support.[55][56] On 1 June 2014, the flexible crowdfunding campaign on Indiegogo ended, raising $25,141 for the development of the community edition,[57][58] and the voting process to support hardware and software was started shortly thereafter.[59]

### ReactOS Hackfest

File:ReactOS printing for the first time.webm The ReactOS project organized a hackfest from 7 to 12 August 2015, in the German city of Aachen.[60][61][62] The Hackfest resulted in many features being added to ReactOS.

The second hackfest was organized by the ReactOS project from 14 to 18 August 2017, in the German city of Cologne.[63]

The third and fourth hackfests were organized by the ReactOS project from 16 to 21 August 2018 and from 15 to 20 August 2019 in Berlin respectively.[64][65]

## Release history

System version | Release date | Release information

|
|

0.2.0  | 2004-01-25 | First release with working GUI
0.2.1  | 2004-03-03 | Bug fixes only
0.2.2  | 2004-04-27 | Bug fixes only
0.2.3  | 2004-06-26 | New LiveCD image, improved stability in the kernel and win32k, networking improvements and improved shell, command prompt and hardware drivers
0.2.4  | 2004-09-13 | Code synced with Wine, compiler fixes and cleaned up file headers
0.2.5  | 2005-01-02 | Imported Notepad from WINE, added Date/Time application
0.2.6  | 2005-04-09 | NVIDIA OpenGL hardware acceleration works, NCITool created for generating system call database files
0.2.7  | 2005-08-21 | New Command Prompt, My Computer and ReactOS logo icons, improved first-stage installer appearance
0.2.8  | 2005-10-29 | VMware detection, CSRSS rewrite
0.2.9  | 2005-12-22 | Bug fixes only[citation needed]
0.3.0  | 2006-08-27[66] | First version to officially support networking
0.3.1  | 2007-03-10[67] | Program manager included, start of kernel rewrite
0.3.2  | skipped | Branch created but never released[68]
0.3.3  | 2007-09-12[68] | Kernel and win32k improvements
0.3.4  | 2008-01-22[69] | Registry support rewrite, remote desktop client and Plug and Play
0.3.5  | 2008-06-30[70] | Bug fixes only
0.3.6  | 2008-08-06[71] | RTL support
0.3.7  | 2008-11-04[72] | Improved x86-64; MSVC, new stacks
0.3.8  | 2009-02-04 | Introduced PSEH and multi-partition HDD support in LiveCD[citation needed]
0.3.9  | 2009-04-26[73] | 24 MB minimum RAM, faster hyperspace mapping, initial sound support
0.3.10  | 2009-07-05[74] | Initial SATA support, USB keyboard/mouse support, Paint clone, initial MSVC.[75][76]
0.3.11  | 2009-12-16[77] | Kdcom rewrite; Chinese/Korean fonts; compatibility updates; sound system improvements
0.3.12  | 2010-10-20[78] | Trap handler rewrite; timer and message handling rewrite; NMI support; SxS support; partial EMS support[79]
0.3.13  | 2011-03-22[80] | Heap manager rewrite, improved SATA support, fixed graphics issues[81]
0.3.14  | 2012-02-07[82] | ACPI enabled by default, WiFi support (unencrypted and WEP), theme support, new TCP/IP driver (LwIP), MSVC compatibility, Scatter/Gather DMA operations supported, shell32 rewrite[83]
0.3.15  | 2013-05-30[84] | USB support for mice, keyboard, and storage devices; rewritten session management; AHCI support with updated UniATA driver; alternate ReactOS Memory Management Module has taken over all memory management responsibilities except for sections; preliminary support for debugging ReactOS components using WinDbg; improvements based on results from the AutoHotkey application functionality test suite; Bugfixes based on running Driver Verifier on several bundled drivers[85]
0.3.16[86] | 2014-02-06[87] | CSRSS rewrite; theme support improved; network card driver for the RTL8139, allowing ReactOS to support newer versions of QEMU out of the box[88]
0.3.17[89] | 2014-11-05[90] | Inclusion of an NTVDM; font improvements;[91][92] bug fixes[93]
0.4.0[94] | 2016-02-16[95] | Improved USB support, new file explorer shell and theming, improved VirtualBox and Virtual PC support, ext2 read/write support, NTFS read support and improved networking support
0.4.1[96] | 2016-05-17[97] | Improved Activation Context, Btrfs support, improved Shell, USB bug fixes, support for Virtual Machine Shared Folders
0.4.2  | 2016-08-16[98] | Improved Btrfs and extended file system support, ReiserFS and UFS/FFS, introduced .NET Framework 2.0 and 4.0 support, Shell fixes and improvements
0.4.3  | 2016-11-16[99] | New Winsock library, initial sections support, usual bug fixes
0.4.4  | 2017-02-16[100] | Initial print stack support, minor font fixes, usual improvements and bug fixes
0.4.5  | 2017-05-18[101] | Improved rendering of fonts and font metrics, major fixes in kernel and drivers, Microsoft Office 2010 tested as functioning
0.4.6  | 2017-09-01[102] | Several fixes for dual-boot issues, improved theming support, NFS driver added, several kernel and filesystem fixes
0.4.7  | 2017-12-06[103] | Improved version of the applications manager RAPPS, implementation of the "Quick-Launch" toolbar in the explorer; various bug fixes in the filesystem drivers, improvements in the RDBSS/RXCE and NFS support.
0.4.8  | 2018-04-14[104] | Balloon notifications, notification tray, shell autocompletion, a new NTFS driver, crash dump reporting and experimental support for NT6+ software.
0.4.9  | 2018-07-23[105] | ReactOS is (again) self-hosting.
0.4.10  | 2018-11-06[106] | Supports BTRFS booting.
0.4.11  | 2019-03-04[107] | Drivers for battery management (its icon is located in the taskbar, in the bottom right of the screen, next to the clock). Support for updating an existing ReactOS installation. Improved SATA support.
0.4.12  | 2019-09-23[108] | Kernel improvements, window-snapping feature, font improvements, Intel e1000 NIC driver, user-mode DLLs, new themes.
0.4.13  | 2020-04-09[109] | New USB stack, FAT driver from FreeLoader optimized, new software introduced: Accessibility Utility Manager.
0.4.14  | 2021-12-16[3] | “Send To” feature and Shell improvements, NEC PC-9800 boot support, ICMP improvements, Kernel improvements, NetKVM VirtIO bringup, miscellaneous changes & improvements
0.5.0[110] | N/A | Support for reading and writing the NTFS filesystem, support for the Windows Driver Model (including video card support), improvements to the printing subsystem and the DirectX Core.
{{{2}}}

## Features

This section is in list format, but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this section, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (November 2021)

|

ReactOS 0.4.14 desktop: left Start Menu and right ReactOS's own File Explorer  New shell in ReactOS (v0.4.0 and newer) Command Prompt, Spider Solitaire, Calculator and WineMine Device Manager in ReactOS 0.4.14

### Programs

* ReactOS Explorer (File Explorer)
* ReactOS Applications Manager
* Accessories
* Calculator
* Command Prompt
* Notepad
* Paint
* WordPad
* Magnifier
* On-Screen Keyboard
* Remote Desktop Connection
* Multimedia Player (Media Player)
* Sound Recorder
* Volume Control
* Character Map
* Clipboard Viewer
* FontSub
* Keyboard Layout Switcher
* ReactX Diagnostic (DxDiag)
* Registry Editor
* SnapShot
* Task Manager
* Administrative Tools
* Device Manager
* Event Viewer
* Service Manager (Windows service)
* System Configuration (MSConfig)
* Games
* Solitaire (Microsoft Solitaire)
* Spider Solitaire (Microsoft Spider Solitaire)
* WineMine (Microsoft Minesweeper)

### Commands

The ReactOS `reg` command

The following is a non-exhaustive list of commands that are supported by the ReactOS Command Prompt.[111][112][113]

* ?
* alias
* assoc
* at
* attrib
* beep
* cacls[114]
* call
* cat
* cd
* chdir
* chcp
* choice
* clip
* cls
* color
* comp
* copy
* ctty
* date
* dbgprint
* del
* delete
* delay
* dir
* dirs
* doskey
* echo
* echos
* echoerr
* echoserr
* endlocal
* eventcreate
* erase
* exit
* find
* for
* free
* fsutil
* goto
* help
* history
* hostname
* if
* label
* memory
* md
* mkdir
* mklink
* mode
* more
* move
* path
* pause
* popd
* prompt
* pushd
* rd
* rmdir
* reg
* rem
* ren
* rename
* replace
* sc[115]
* schtasks
* screen
* set
* setlocal
* shift
* shutdown[116]
* sort
* start
* taskkill
* tee
* time
* timeout
* timer
* title
* touch
* tree
* type
* uptime
* ver
* verify
* vol
* whoami
* xcopy

## Development

### ReactOS core development

ReactOS is primarily written in C, with some elements, such as ReactOS Explorer and the sound stack, written in C++. The project compiles using both MinGW and Microsoft Visual Studio, and contributes to the development of the build systems used through the submission of patches to its components.[117]

The developers aim to make the kernel and usermode application programming interface (API) more compatible with Windows NT version 5.2 (Windows Server 2003) and to add support for more applications and hardware, with plans to target newer versions of Windows as development matures.[118] DirectX support is undertaken through ReactX, an in-house implementation. 2D and OpenGL 3D hardware-accelerated rendering is done natively, while other drawing functionality such as Direct3D is redirected to OpenGL as a stopgap solution, mostly using Wine's code such as WineD3D.[15][119]

The development progress is influenced by the size of the development team and the level of experience among them. As an estimate of the effort required to implement Windows 7, Microsoft employed 1,000 or so developers, organized into 25 teams, with each team averaging 40 developers.[120] As of 2 September 2011[update], in the ReactOS entry in Ohloh, the page followed through the "Very large, active development team" link lists 33 developers who have contributed over a 12-month period and a cumulative total of 104 present and former users who have contributed code to the project via Apache Subversion since its inception.[121] In his presentation at Hackmeeting 2009 in Milan, ReactOS developer Michele C. noted that most of the developers learn about Windows architecture while working on ReactOS and have no prior knowledge.[122]

While ReactOS targets mainly the x86/AMD64 PC platform,[123] an effort to port to the ARM architecture was at one point "under way",[15] while it did not produce much functionality and was abandoned[124] along with a port to PowerPC, that is no longer actively maintained.[11] Support for the Xbox and the NEC PC-9800, a variant IA-32 architecture, was added through the use of an architecture-specific HAL.[122][109][3] Improved 64-bit support for ReactOS is "being worked on", however, development seems to be going slowly.[125]

### Collaboration and reuse

While ReactOS has the aim to build a Windows-compatible kernel as open-source software, much of the surrounding required functionality to create a complete OS is already available in the greater open-source ecosystem. When available and possible, ReactOS therefore builds on and collaborates with already existing open-source projects.[16] Conversely, projects like Wine,[17] and formerly Captive NTFS[126] and Longene re-use the open-source ReactOS code-base as well.[127]

#### Hardware driver stack

On the hardware driver side, for instance the UniATA project provides Serial ATA drivers for ReactOS.[12][128] The project has also experimented with using the FullFAT library in its rewrite of its FAT Installable File System.[129] ReactOS makes use of the USB stack from Haiku both as a reference and as a foundation for its USB support.[130][131] Mesa 3D provides OpenGL rendering.[12][117]

#### Networking

ReactOS's network stack is built on the TCP portion of OSKit's port of the network stack in FreeBSD, along with an internally developed implementation for packet-oriented protocols like IP.[132] Later, lwIP was integrated into the ReactOS network stack.[38] Windows network services like LSASS, SAM, NETLOGON, and print spooling are already available as open-source alternative by the Samba/Samba TNG project. A fork of rdesktop is used as an implementation of a client software for Microsoft's proprietary Remote Desktop Protocol.

#### Wine cooperation

A simplified architecture diagram of ReactOS, with Wine dependencies indicated by the Wine logo. White boxes denote third-party binary software. Green boxes are "userland" components, red are kernel components.

The ReactOS and the Wine projects share the goal to run binary Windows software natively and can therefore share many dependencies and development.[17][133] ReactOS uses portions of the Wine project so that it can benefit from Wine's progress in implementing the Win32 API.[133] While Wine's NTDLL, USER32, KERNEL32, GDI32, and ADVAPI32 components cannot be used directly by ReactOS due to architectural differences, code snippets of them and other parts can be shared between both projects. The kernel is developed by ReactOS separately as Wine relies here on existing Unix-like kernels.[117][122]

Separately, the experimental Arwinss branch was created as an alternative means to improve USER32 and GDI32 support through an alternative implementation of the Win32 API. Whereas ReactOS's original Win32 subsystem was closely modeled after its equivalent in Windows, Arwinss combines the architecture of that subsystem with the corresponding implementation in Wine. To this end, Arwinss uses Wine's GDI32 and USER32 libraries with few changes to take fuller advantage of Wine's existing software compatibility. Arwinss also allows the user to optionally use a remote X server instead of a local display.[134]

#### Other

The Tango Desktop Project initiative provides open-source design guidelines and resources (as icons) for applications on desktop environments. FreeType is an open-source software development library, used to render text on to bitmaps and provides support for other font-related operations.[12] The KernelEx project is a Windows-API extension and compatibility layer project, which provides open-source implementations of some Windows-APIs.[135] Other contributing projects are MinGW, SYSLINUX, adns, ICU, GraphApp, Ext2, GNU FreeFont, DejaVu fonts, and Liberation fonts.[136][137][138]

## Forks

Forks based on ReactOS are occasionally created:

* Ekush OS (2004)[139][140][141]
* ReactOS Server (2008–2013)[142][143]
* OpenROS (2013)[144]
* FusionOS (2013)[145]
* ReactOS NG (2015) – aiming for compatibility with Windows 8[146]
* Greentea OS (2016–2018) – aiming for accelerated and simplified development[147]

## Reception

Various people have acknowledged ReactOS and the implications of having a viable open-source drop-in replacement for Windows.[8] A 2004 article and interview of the German weekly magazine Der Spiegel describes ReactOS as directed at Windows users who want to renounce use of proprietary commercial software without having to switch to Linux.[8] DistroWatch, a Linux distribution's monitoring Web site, also lists ReactOS and describes it as "a free and open-source operating system based on the best design principles found in the Windows NT architecture."[148]

In his column for Free Software Magazine, David Sugar noted in 2006 that ReactOS would allow the use of applications depending on older versions of Windows whose APIs have been deprecated. He also recognized its potential to expand the total deployed base of free software, and as a resource for developers wanting to know undocumented Windows APIs in the course of writing portable applications.[10] PC Magazine columnist John C. Dvorak remarked in 2008 that the Windows NT architecture had remained largely unchanged, making it an ideal candidate for cloning, and believed that ReactOS could be "a bigger threat than Linux to Microsoft's dominance".[9] In response to Dvorak's column, ZDNet technology journalist Dana Blankenhorn noted in 2008 that a lack of corporate sponsors and partners had rendered the project harmless to Microsoft.[149][150] Echoing this, Thom Holwerda of OSNews in 2009 categorized ReactOS under a family of hobby operating systems maintained only by small groups of developers working in their spare time, lacking the financial support of more mainstream operating systems and the legacy of formerly mainstream ones such as RISC OS.[151]

In October 2015, a Network World review of ReactOS v0.3.17 noted "It's just like running Windows 2000" and praised the application package manager, a feature the original Windows is missing.[152]

Jesse Smith from DistroWatch Weekly reviewed ReactOS v0.4.9, and noted that ReactOS "ultimately had a similar problem: limited hardware support" and is not yet a stable operating system.[153]

### Awards

The ReactOS Project won on the annual Seliger Youth Forum "The Best Presentation" award with 100,000 Russian rubles ($2700) in 2011, attended by Alexander Rechitskiy, one of the development team members.[154]

ReactOS was a featured project on SourceForge for the weeks beginning on 27 February 2012, 25 April 2013,[155] and several others. It was Project of the Month on SourceForge for June 2013[156] and February 2019.[157]

## See also

* Binary-code compatibility
* coLinux, a project allowing Microsoft Windows and the Linux kernel to run simultaneously in parallel on the same machine
* FreeDOS, a clone of MS-DOS
* eComStation and ArcaOS, two independent proprietary continuations of OS/2 (source code licensed from IBM), which IBM co-created with Microsoft and shares some design elements with MS-DOS and Windows
* Haiku, a clone of BeOS
* Longene, a hybrid operating system kernel intended to be binary-compatible with both the Microsoft Windows and Linux ecosystems
* NDISwrapper, a re-creation of Windows NT kernel parts inside the Linux Kernel to allow the use of Windows drivers in Linux
* Wine, a compatibility layer that runs Microsoft Windows applications on Unix-like operating systems
* List of alternative shells for Windows
* Timelines of: Intel / Microsoft / Microsoft Windows / other operating systems (List)
* Comparison of operating systems

## Notes

1. ↑ GPL-2.0-or-later with parts under LGPL and BSD licenses

## References

1. ↑ "ReactOS on Open Hub". Black Duck Open Hub. https://www.openhub.net/p/reactos/analyses/latest/languages_summary.
2. ↑ "ReactOS on GitHub". https://github.com/reactos/reactos.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "ReactOS 0.4.14 released | ReactOS Project". 2021-12-16. https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0414-released/.
4. ↑ "Download | ReactOS Project". https://www.reactos.org/download.
5. ↑ Holwerda, Thom (2009-03-05). "ReactOS Targets Windows 2003, Vista". OSNews. https://www.osnews.com/story/21087/reactos-targets-windows-2003-vista/.
6. ↑ vicmarcal (2018-04-14). "ReactOS 0.4.8 released!!". https://www.reactos.org/project-news/reactos-048-released. "With software specifically leaving NT5 behind, ReactOS is expanding its target to support NT6+ (Vista, Windows 8, Windows 10) software."
7. ↑ Stahl, Louis-F. (2015-06-23). "Russland erklärt ReactOS zu favorisierter Windows-Alternative". heise online. https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Russland-erklaert-ReactOS-zu-favorisierter-Windows-Alternative-2722495.html.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Sixtus, Von Mario (2004-02-20). "ReactOS: Das Nicht-Windows" (in de). Spiegel Online. http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/tech/0,1518,287199,00.html.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Dvorak, John C. (2008-04-04). "What A New OS Needs". PC Magazine. https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2290313,00.asp.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Sugar, David (2006-01-31). "A reaction to ReactOS". Free Software Magazine. http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/node/1474.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Kupfer, Matthias; Bragin, Aleksey (2010-03-14). "ReactOS — Das zu Windows binärkompatible Open-Source-Betriebssystem" (in de). Chemnitzer Linux-Tage. Chemnitz, Germany. http://chemnitzer.linux-tage.de/2010/vortraege/detail.html?idx=424. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Royal, Simon (2014-02-16). "ReactOS: A Windows Compatible Alternative OS". lowendmac.com. http://lowendmac.com/2014/reactos-a-windows-compatible-alternative-os/. "While the main core of ReactOS is built from scratch, it has some dependencies on existing software and protocols. It uses parts of Wine, networking in the form of lwIP, USB from Haiku, as well as FreeType, Mesa3D, and UniATA."
13. ↑ Thom Holwerda (2007-11-14). "ReactOS Gets OpenOffice.org 2 Support; New Release Plans". OSNews. http://www.osnews.com/story/18921/ReactOS_Gets_OpenOffice_org_2_Support_New_Release_Plans.
14. ↑ Tests for 0.4.14 on reactos.org (February 2022)
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Holwerda, Thom (17 January 2009). "ReactOS: Looking Back Upon 2008". https://www.osnews.com/story/20790/reactos-looking-back-upon-2008/.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "ReactOS gets USB Stack, with Help from Us". Haiku. 2012-02-20. http://haiku-os.org/news/2012-02-20_reactos_gets_usb_stack_help_us. "The ReactOS and Haiku projects have had a friendly working relationship for several years now, with each group helping the other whenever possible."
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Vincent, Brian (2004-05-15). "Interview with Steven Edwards". winehq.com. https://www.winehq.org/interview/14. "BV: Wine and ReactOS have had a mutually beneficial relationship. Is there anything Wine could do different that would help ReactOS development?[...] BV: You guys have certainly contributed a lot of your work back to Wine, including some of the utilities you've written. For instance, the task manager was recently ported from ReactOS. Do you guys have any plans in the works for developing more tools? Steven: I really want to see a solitaire clone make it in to Wine and ReactOS.[...] At some point we are going to have to develop replacement components for everything in Windows so if there is a program that Wine needs and ReactOS implements it then I will try to make sure it's released under a compatible license."
18. ↑ Loli, Eugenia (16 October 2001). "Interview with Jason Filby from the ReactOS Project". OSNews. https://www.osnews.com/story/178/interview-with-jason-filby-from-the-reactos-project/.
19. ↑ Loschwitz, Martin (March 2004), "Projects on the Move", Linux Magazine: 87, https://www.linux-magazine.com/w3/issue/40/Free_Software_Projects.pdf, retrieved 2009-11-18
20. ↑ Speed, Richard (2022-03-14). "ReactOS now supports SMP" (in en). https://www.theregister.com/2022/03/14/reactos_smp/.
21. ↑ "ReactOS Foundation — ReactOS Wiki". https://www.reactos.org/wiki/ReactOS_Foundation.
22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "ФОНД АКТИВИЗАЦИИ КИБЕРПРОСТРАНСТВА, ФАК, РЕАКТОС — ФОНД, ФОНД РЕАКТОС, г. Саранск: ИНН: 1328170012, ОГРН: 1021301112876". https://egrulinfo.com/8583363/.
23. ↑ Hancock, Terry (2008-08-29). "What if copyright didn't apply to binary executables?" (in en). Free Software Magazine. http://freesoftwaremagazine.com/articles/what_if_copyright_didnt_apply_binary_executables/. "(…) ReactOS aims to run actual Windows binary executable programs. This means that ReactOS must implement the entire Windows environment. Functions must do exactly what their Windows counterparts would do. In other words, like our notional parallel stew recipes, ReactOS and Windows should be functionally identical. In order to avoid copyright prosecution, though, ReactOS must be expressly completely distinct and non-derivative from Windows. This is a careful tightrope walk! ReactOS is a free, clean room re-implemented drop-in replacement for Windows. So, consider this, especially regarding extremely simple library calls: is it legal for ReactOS to produce identical binary code to Windows?"
24. ↑ Birr, Hartmut (2006-01-18). "Bye bye". ros-dev (Mailing list). Retrieved 2009-01-03.
25. ↑ "BadStack in syscall.S". ReactOS. 2006-01-17. https://svn.reactos.org/svn/reactos/trunk/reactos/ntoskrnl/ke/i386/syscall.S?revision=20935&view=markup&pathrev=20935#l43.
26. ↑ Birr, Hartmut (2006-01-18). "Bye bye". ros-dev (Mailing list). Retrieved 2009-11-16.
27. ↑ Ionescu, Alex (2006-01-18). "Bye bye". ros-dev (Mailing list). Retrieved 2009-11-16.
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Feller, Stephen (2006-02-01). "ReactOS suspends development for source code review". Linux.com. https://www.linux.com/news/reactos-suspends-development-source-code-review/.
29. ↑ Reset, Reboot, Restart, legal issues and the long road to 0.3 on reactos.org by Steven Edwards (27 January 2006)
30. ↑ Schwartz, Mathew (2001-11-12). "Reverse-Engineering". Computerworld.com. http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/65532/Reverse_Engineering?pageNumber=1. "To protect against charges of having simply (and illegally) copied IBM's BIOS, Phoenix reverse-engineered it using what's called a "clean room," or "Chinese wall", approach. First, a team of engineers studied the IBM BIOS — about 8KB of code — and described everything it did as completely as possible without using or referencing any actual code. Then Phoenix brought in a second team of programmers who had no prior knowledge of the IBM BIOS and had never seen its code. Working only from the first team's functional specifications, the second team wrote a new BIOS that operated as specified."
31. ↑ Hogle, Sean (2008-10-23). "Clean Room Defeats Software Infringement Claim in US Federal Court". http://hoviblog.blogspot.de/2008/10/clean-room-defeats-software.html. "[...] dirty room reverse engineering should be done in conjunction with clean room development by using two physically and electronically isolated teams where one team does dirty room reverse engineering and the other does clean room development. If a dirty room team exists, the clean room engineers can write a description of the portion of the specification that needs elaboration or clarification. The dirty room engineers then use that request to create additional functional specifications or tests."
32. ↑ Bragin, Aleksey (2007-09-18). "Audit". ros-dev (Mailing list). Retrieved 2009-01-03.
33. ↑ Evers, Joris (12 February 2004). "Windows Code May Be Stolen". PC World. http://www.pcworld.com/article/114771/article.html.
34. ↑ Reset, Reboot, Restart, legal issues and the long road to 0.3 "Now as for the issue of leaked source code, I want to try to put all fears to rest. We don't know what the legal ramifications are for someone downloading and having leaked code, as the party that maintains copyright ownership of that code might still try to claim Trade Secrecy on information contained in the sources in a court of law. It is our point of view that the source code leaks of Windows have been spread to a broad enough audience that it would be impossible to claim the product is still under Trade Secrecy." on reactos.org by Steven Edwards (27 January 2006)
35. ↑ Anderson, Tim (3 Jul 2019). "ReactOS 'a ripoff of the Windows Research Kernel', claims Microsoft kernel engineer" (in en). https://www.theregister.com/2019/07/03/reactos_windows_research_kernel_claim/.
36. ↑ "Google Summer of Code 2006". https://developers.google.com/open-source/soc/2006/#reactos. "This is a page lists the students and organizations that participated in the Google Summer of Code 2006 program. [...] ReactOS"
37. ↑ "TCP/IP driver replacement for ReactOS, using lwIP". http://www.google-melange.com/gsoc/project/google/gsoc2011/claudiu_mihail/8001.
38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Gutman, Cameron (2011-08-07). "ReactOS is now using lwIP for TCP". lwip-devel (Mailing list). Retrieved 2011-08-09.
39. ↑ Alksnis, Viktor (2007-06-06). "Виктор Имантович Алкснис – Знакомство с проектом ReactOS" (in ru). http://v-alksnis2.livejournal.com/32900.html.
40. ↑ "Russian President Medvedev asked to fund Windows clone". BBC News. 2011-09-13. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14899507.
41. ↑ Z98 (2012-08-05). "ReactOS Presented to President Putin". ReactOS News. http://www.reactos.org/reactos-presented-president-putin.
42. ↑ Minutes of the expert evaluation of projects on import substitution infrastructure software according to paragraph 4-8 of import substitution plan software, approved by order of the Ministry of Communications of Russia from 1 April 2015 №96 «On approval of import software" Russian Ministry of Communications "Direction "client operating system / Server Operating Systems" first place — the project "Corporate platform on the basis of domestic operating systems" [...] second place — the project "Creation of the operating system open source based on ReactOS for PCs, laptops and other mobile devices," "Creating the operating system open source-based server ReactOS" (Fund "Reaktos" MSTU. AN Bauman, LLC "Paral Plelz Research" and others.)." (2 June 2015, translated)
43. ↑ "ReactOS as a second OS in Russian government's software freedom effort | ReactOS Project". https://www.reactos.org/project-news/reactos-second-os-russian-governments-software-freedom-effort/.
44. ↑ Russland-erklaert-ReactOS-zu-favorisierter-Windows-Alternative on heise online by Louis-F. Stahl (23 June 2015, in German)
45. ↑ Russland macht ReactOS zu bevorzugter Windows-Alternative on Der Standard (24 June 2015, in German)
46. ↑ Oliver Diedrich (2012-05-03). "ReactOS: Spenden gesucht" (in de). heise.de. http://www.heise.de/open/meldung/ReactOS-Spenden-gesucht-1567379.html.
47. ↑ A personal appeal from ReactOS Project Coordinator Aleksey Bragin, accessed on 15 April 2013
48. ↑ Spenderliste 24 December 2012, accessed on 15 April 2013 (in German)
49. ↑ "January 2013 Meeting Minutes". 2013-02-07. //reactos.org/january-2013-meeting-minutes. "Late last year the German foundation learned that the contracts it was issuing for developers might not be compliant with German regulations involving non-profits. Due to this, the German foundation needed to temporarily halt payment to developers and consult with tax attorneys to determine how to proceed in a compliant manner."
50. ↑ "Sourceforge POTM June 2013". Sourceforge.com. 2013-06-17. http://sourceforge.net/blog/potm-201306/. "Well I don't want to spread too many rumors, but I can say that we do have something in the works. If all goes well, it's going to be announced within a week. While I cannot go into too many details, I can say that it involves Kickstarter and what we believe to be a viable commercial product based off of  [sic] ReactOS."
51. ↑ ReactOS Wants To Bring Open-Source Windows To The Cloud on Phoronix by Michael Larabel (22 January 2014)
52. ↑ Oliver Diedrich (2014-01-21). "ReactOS: Freier Windows-Klon braucht Unterstützung"] (in de). heise.de. http://www.heise.de/open/meldung/ReactOS-Freier-Windows-Klon-braucht-Unterstuetzung-2090408.html.
53. ↑ "Thorium Core Cloud Desktop". Kickstarter.com. 2013-12-23. http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/thorium/thorium-core-cloud-desktop.
54. ↑ Torsten Kleinz (2014-04-08). "XP ist tot, es lebe Windows" (in de). Die Zeit. http://www.zeit.de/digital/internet/2014-04/reactos-alternative-windows-xp.
55. ↑ ReactOS Working On A Community Windows OS on Phoronix by Michael Larabel (19 April 2014)
56. ↑ Silviu Stahie (2014-04-04). "ReactOS goes to Indiegogo, will run Windows apps natively". softpedia.com. http://news.softpedia.com/news/ReactOS-Goes-to-IndieGogo-Will-Run-Windows-and-Linux-Apps-Natively-435797.shtml.
57. ↑ Hoffman, Chris (2014-11-14). "Why prominent 'hobbyist' operating systems face an existential crisis". PCWorld. http://www.pcworld.com/article/2847723/why-prominent-hobbyist-operating-systems-face-an-existential-crisis.html. "ReactOS raised more than $25,000 in an Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign earlier in 2014, for the development of a community edition of the operating system."
58. ↑ reactos-community-edition on Indiegogo (1 June 2014)
59. ↑ ReactOS: Große Fortschritte und Stipendien für Entwickler beim freien Windows-Nachbau on heise.de by Louis-F. Stahl (2 October 2014, in German)
60. ↑ Russland-erklaert-ReactOS-zu-favorisierter-Windows-Alternative on heise online by Louis-F. Stahl "Einen weiteren Schub in der Entwicklung erhofft sich die ReactOS-Community vom ersten ReactOS Hackfest, das vom 7. bis zum 12. August 2015 in Aachen stattfindet." (23 June 2015, in German)
61. ↑ Russland macht ReactOS zu bevorzugter Windows-Alternative on Der Standard "Von 7. bis 12. August lädt die Entwicklergemeinde in Deutschland zum ersten ReactOS-Hackfest, das in Aachen über die Bühne gehen wird." (24 June 2015, in German)
62. ↑ "ReactOS Hackfest in Aachen". 1 September 2015. https://www.reactos.org/project-news/reactos-hackfest-aachen.
63. ↑ "ReactOS Hackfest 2017". https://reactos.org/wiki/ReactOS_Hackfest_2017.
64. ↑ "ReactOS Hackfest 2018". https://reactos.org/wiki/ReactOS_Hackfest_2018.
65. ↑ "ReactOS Hackfest 2019". https://reactos.org/wiki/ReactOS_Hackfest_2019.
66. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.0 Released!" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-030-released//.
67. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.1 Released" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-031-released//.
68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 "ReactOS 0.3.3 Released!" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-033-released//.
69. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.4 Released" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-034-released//.
70. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.5" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-035//.
71. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.6" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-036//.
72. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.7" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-037//.
73. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.9 Released" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-039-released//.
74. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.10 Released" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0310-released//.
75. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.10". OS Revolution. http://osrevolution.com/os-release/reactos-0-3-10.
76. ↑ Holwerda, Thom (2009-07-06). "ReactOS 0.3.10 Released". OSNews. http://www.osnews.com/story/21778/ReactOS_0_3_10_Released.
77. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.11 Released" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0311-released//.
78. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.12 Released" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0312-released//.
79. ↑ Holwerda, Thom (2010-10-20). "ReactOS 0.3.12 Released". OSNews. http://www.osnews.com/story/23919/ReactOS_0_3_12_Released.
80. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.13 Released" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0313-released//.
81. ↑ 0.3.13 — ReactOS, ReactOS Foundation, //www.reactos.org/wiki/0.3.13, retrieved 2014-02-10
82. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.14 Released" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0314-released//.
83. ↑ 0.3.14 — ReactOS, ReactOS Foundation, //www.reactos.org/wiki/0.3.14, retrieved 2014-02-10
84. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.15 Released" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0315-released//.
85. ↑ 0.3.15 — ReactOS, ReactOS Foundation, //www.reactos.org/node/663, retrieved 2014-02-10
86. ↑ ReactOS review | LinuxBSDos.com
87. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.16 Released" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0316-released//.
88. ↑ ReactOS 0.3.16 Released, ReactOS Foundation, //www.reactos.org/node/772, retrieved 2014-02-10
89. ↑ DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 593, 19 January 2015
90. ↑ "ReactOS 0.3.17 Released" (in en-US). https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0317-released//.
91. ↑ Gimp/GTK+ drawing problems, ReactOS Foundation, //jira.reactos.org/browse/CORE-4657, retrieved 2014-10-05
92. ↑ JRE installer and Winrar shows Marlett font instead the proper one, ReactOS Foundation, //jira.reactos.org/browse/CORE-8525, retrieved 2014-11-05
93. ↑ ReactOS 0.3.17 Released, ReactOS Foundation, //www.reactos.org/it/node/911, retrieved 2014-11-05
94. ↑ DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 652, 14 March 2016
95. ↑ ReactOS 0.4.0 Released, ReactOS Foundation, //www.reactos.org/project-news/reactos-040-released, retrieved 2016-02-16
96. ↑ ReactOS 0.4.1 review — Cold fusion, Dedoimedo
97. ↑ ReactOS 0.4.1 Released, ReactOS Foundation, //www.reactos.org/project-news/reactos-041-released, retrieved 2016-05-17
98. ↑ ReactOS 0.4.2 Released, ReactOS Foundation, //reactos.org/project-news/reactos-042-released, retrieved 2016-08-16
99. ↑ ReactOS 0.4.3 Released, ReactOS Foundation, //reactos.org/project-news/reactos-043-released, retrieved 2016-11-16
100. ↑ ReactOS 0.4.4 Released, ReactOS Foundation, //reactos.org/project-news/reactos-044-released, retrieved 2017-02-16
101. ↑ ReactOS 0.4.5 Released, ReactOS Foundation, https://www.reactos.org/project-news/reactos-045-released, retrieved 2017-05-19
102. ↑ ReactOS 0.4.6 released, ReactOS Foundation, https://www.reactos.org/project-news/reactos-046-released, retrieved 2017-09-01
103. ↑ ReactOS 0.4.7 released!, ReactOS Foundation, https://www.reactos.org/project-news/reactos-047-released, retrieved 2017-12-06
104. ↑ ReactOS 0.4.8 released!!, ReactOS Foundation, https://www.reactos.org/project-news/reactos-048-released, retrieved 2018-04-14
105. ↑ ReactOS 0.4.9 released, ReactOS Foundation, https://www.reactos.org/project-news/reactos-049-released, retrieved 2018-07-23
106. ↑ ReactOS 0.4.10 released, ReactOS Foundation, https://www.reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0410-released, retrieved 2018-11-06
107. ↑ ReactOS 0.4.11 released, ReactOS Foundation, https://www.reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0411-released, retrieved 2020-10-20
108. ↑ "ReactOS 0.4.12 released | ReactOS Project". https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0412-released.
109. ↑ 109.0 109.1 "ReactOS 0.4.13 released | ReactOS Project". https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0413-released.
110. ↑ "0.5.0 - ReactOS Wiki". https://reactos.org/wiki/0.5.0.
111. ↑ "reactos/base/shell/cmd at master · reactos/reactos · GitHub". https://github.com/reactos/reactos/tree/master/base/shell/cmd.
112. ↑ "reactos/base/applications/cmdutils at master · reactos/reactos · GitHub". https://github.com/reactos/reactos/tree/master/base/applications/cmdutils.
113. ↑ "reactos/modules/rosapps/applications/cmdutils at master · reactos/reactos · GitHub". https://github.com/reactos/reactos/blob/master/modules/rosapps/applications/cmdutils/.
114. ↑ "reactos/base/applications/cacls at master · reactos/reactos · GitHub". https://github.com/reactos/reactos/tree/master/base/applications/cacls.
115. ↑ "reactos/base/applications/sc at master · reactos/reactos · GitHub". https://github.com/reactos/reactos/tree/master/base/applications/sc.
116. ↑ "reactos/base/applications/shutdown at master · reactos/reactos · GitHub". https://github.com/reactos/reactos/tree/master/base/applications/shutdown.
117. ↑ 117.0 117.1 117.2 Ionescu, Alex (2006-02-26). The ReactOS Project – An Open Source OS Platform for Learning (PDF) (Speech). University of Waterloo, Canada. Retrieved 2009-12-10. `{{cite speech}}`: External link in ``|location=`` (help)CS1 maint: location (link)
118. ↑ "ReactOS versioning". ReactOS. 7 March 2015. https://www.reactos.org/pipermail/ros-dev/2015-March/017216.html.
119. ↑ "ReactX". 28 May 2014. https://reactos.org/wiki/ReactX.
120. ↑ Sinovsky, Steven (2008-08-18). "The Windows 7 Team". Engineering Windows 7, MSDN. http://blogs.msdn.com/e7/archive/2008/08/18/windows_5F00_7_5F00_team.aspx.
121. ↑ "ReactOS". Ohloh. http://www.ohloh.net/p/reactos/.
122. ↑ 122.0 122.1 122.2 C., Michele (2009-06-19). "ReactOS is (not) Windows". Hackmeeting 2009. Milan. https://hackmeeting.org/hackit09/presentazioni/ReactOS_is_(not)_Windows.pdf. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
123. ↑ "Installing". ReactOS. 2014-01-20. http://www.reactos.org/wiki/Installing_ReactOS.
124. ↑ "ReactOS ports - ReactOS Wiki". https://www.reactos.org/wiki/ReactOS_ports.
125. ↑ "ReactOS GitHub (Label: x64)". https://github.com/reactos/reactos/labels/x64.
126. ↑ Captive: NTFS Read/Write Filesystem Addon for Linux on OSNews by Eugenia Loli "They are using WINE and ReactOS code to emulate parts of Windows environment needed to make the driver work." (4 December 2003)
127. ↑ Linux unified kernel 0.2.4.1 "The LUK project does not develop the Windows and the Linux userland libraries. Those libraries are offered by the Wine (or Microsoft Windows/ReactOS) project and the Linux project."
128. ↑ "Universal ATA/SATA/AHCI driver for Windows NT3.51/NT4/2000/XP/2003/7". Alter.org.ua. http://alter.org.ua/soft/win/uni_ata/.
129. ↑ Walmsley, James (2009). "Features — Portability". http://www.fullfat-fs.co.uk/Features/Portability.
130. ↑ ReactOS gets USB stack with Haiku's help on OSNews by Thom Holwerda
131. ↑ "ReactOS gets USB Stack, with Help from Us". Haiku. 2012-02-20. http://haiku-os.org/news/2012-02-20_reactos_gets_usb_stack_help_us.
132. ↑ "An interview with Art Yerkes, Network Developer for the ReactOS Project". Network Performance Daily. 2007-03-28. http://www.networkperformancedaily.com/2007/03/an_interview_with_art_yerkes_n_1.html.
133. ↑ 133.0 133.1 "Acknowledgements". Wine. http://wiki.winehq.org/Acknowledgements.
134. ↑ Holwerda, Thom (2010-01-18). "ReactOS Proposes Radical New Win32 Subsystem". OSNews. http://www.osnews.com/story/22750/ReactOS_Proposes_Radical_New_Win32_Subsystem.
135. ↑ kernelex on sourceforge.net
136. ↑ "Third party libraries — ReactOS". https://www.reactos.org/wiki/Third_party_libraries.
137. ↑ "FishEye: Annotated — reactos/trunk/reactos/media/doc/3rd Party Files.txt". https://code.reactos.org/browse/reactos/trunk/reactos/media/doc/3rd Party Files.txt?hb=true.
138. ↑ "[reactos Contents of /trunk/reactos/dll/win32/syssetup/syssetup.rc"]. https://svn.reactos.org/svn/reactos/trunk/reactos/dll/win32/syssetup/syssetup.rc?view=markup.
139. ↑ Ekush Emulator and Its License Pains on OSNews by Eugenia Loli (10 November 2004)
140. ↑ Ekush OS – stolen source code/copyright violation (archived 2004)
141. ↑ Ekush The Next Generation Operating System on akshor.com (archived 2004)
142. ↑ ReactOS Server – SourceForge
143. ↑ ReactOS Server Edition
144. ↑ "OpenROS – Sourceforge". http://sourceforge.net/projects/openros/.
145. ↑ Fusion Operating System – SourceForge
146. ↑ ReactOS NG – GitHub [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
147. ↑ "Greentea OS is a fork of ReactOS". 13 May 2017. https://greenteaos.github.io/. (archived)
148. ↑ reactos on distrowatch.com ReactOS is a free and open-source operating system based on the best design principles found in the Windows NT architecture. (accessed January 2016)
149. ↑ Blankenhorn, Dana (2008-05-13). "ReactOS no threat to Windows". ZDNet. http://blogs.zdnet.com/open-source/?p=2425.
150. ↑ Blankenhorn, Dana (2008-05-13). "ReactOS needs a channel". ZDNet. http://talkback.zdnet.com/5208-10535-0.html?forumID=1&threadID=47591&messageID=886507. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
151. ↑ Holwerda, Thom (2009-12-20). "My OS Is Less Hobby Than Yours". OSNews. http://www.osnews.com/story/22638/My_OS_Is_Less_Hobby_than_Yours.
152. ↑ Lunduke, Bryan (2015-10-28). "Linux cousins Part 2: Reviewing ReactOS, the Open Source version of Windows". Network World. http://www.networkworld.com/article/2998265/opensource-subnet/linux-cousins-part-2-reviewing-reactos-the-open-source-version-of-windows.html. "In short: It's just like running Windows 2000. Except Free and Open Source. Which makes makes it feel both awesome. And dirty. And profound... also infuriating. If I'm honest, I really don't know how ReactOS makes me feel. But it's damned impressive that it exists and works so well. Beyond simply being Open Source, ReactOS has one cool features that Windows never really provided properly: An application manager that is laid out and structured like a Linux package manager. From within it you can even install a large number of FOSS software staples, such as Firefox, LibreOffice, and GIMP."
153. ↑ Jesse Smith. Guix System Distribution 0.15.0 and ReactOS 0.4.9. https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20180827#guixsd. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
154. ↑ "Russian president asked to Fund Windows Open Source Clone". Jordan Open Source Association. 2011-09-12. http://jordanopensource.org/freeplanet/article/russian-president-asked-fund-windows-open-source-clone. "At the forum, ReactOS won "The Best Presentation" award and a grant of 100,000 rubles (approximately 2,400 JDs). In addition, around twenty large investors became interested in the project."
155. ↑ "Featured projects, February 27, 2012". SourceForge.com. 2012-12-27. http://sourceforge.net/blog/featured-projects-20120227/.
156. ↑ "Sourceforge POTM June 2013". Sourceforge.com. 2013-06-17. http://sourceforge.net/blog/potm-201306/.
157. ↑ "February 2019, "Staff Pick" Project of the Month – ReactOS" (in en). 8 February 2019. https://sourceforge.net/blog/february-2019-staff-pick-project-month-reactos.

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* Codecs
* Collaboration
* Configuration management
* Device drivers
* Graphics
* Wireless
* Geophysics
* Health
* Mathematics
* Operating systems
* Programming languages
* Routing
* Statistics
* Television
* Video games
* Web applications
* Content management systems
* E-commerce
* Word processors
* Android apps
* iOS apps
* Commercial
* Trademarked
* Formerly proprietary

Community|

* Free software movement
* History
* Open-source-software movement
* Organizations
* Events

Licenses|

* AFL
* Apache
* APSL
* Artistic
* Beerware
* Boost
* BSD
* CC0
* CDDL
* EPL
* Free Software Foundation
* GNU GPL
* GNU LGPL
* ISC
* MIT
* MPL
* Ms-PL/RL
* Python
* Python Software Foundation License
* Sleepycat
* Unlicense
* WTFPL
* zlib

| Types and
standards|

* Comparison of free and open-source software licenses
* Contributor License Agreement
* Copyleft
* Debian Free Software Guidelines
* Definition of Free Cultural Works
* Free license
* The Free Software Definition
* The Open Source Definition
* Open-source license
* Permissive software license
* Public domain
* Viral license

|

Challenges|

* Digital rights management
* Firmware security
* Hardware restrictions
* License proliferation
* Mozilla software rebranding
* Proprietary device drivers
* Proprietary firmware
* Proprietary software
* SCO/Linux controversies
* Secure boot
* Software patents
* Software security
* Trusted Computing

Related topics|

* Forking
* GNU Manifesto
* Microsoft Open Specification Promise
* Open-core model
* Open-source hardware
* Shared Source Initiative
* Source-available software
* The Cathedral and the Bazaar
* Revolution OS

*   * Category
* Commons
* WikiProject
* Book

* v
* t
* e

Operating systems

General|

* Advocacy
* Comparison
* Forensic engineering
* History
* Hobbyist development
* List
* Timeline
* Usage share

Kernel|

| Architectures|

* Exokernel
* Hybrid
* Microkernel
* Monolithic
* vkernel
* Rump kernel
* Unikernel

|

Components|

* Device driver
* Loadable kernel module
* Microkernel
* User space

Process management|

| Concepts|

* Context switch
* Interrupt
* IPC
* Process
* Process control block
* Real-time
* Thread
* Time-sharing

|

Scheduling
algorithms|

* Computer multitasking
* Fixed-priority preemptive
* Multilevel feedback queue
* Preemptive
* Round-robin
* Shortest job next

Memory management and
resource protection|

* Bus error
* General protection fault
* Memory protection
* Paging
* Protection ring
* Segmentation fault
* Virtual memory

Storage access and
file systems|

* Boot loader
* Defragmentation
* Device file
* File attribute
* Inode
* Journal
* Partition
* Virtual file system
* Virtual tape library

List|

* Acorn
* Arthur
* ARX
* MOS
* RISC iX
* RISC OS
* Amiga Inc.
* AmigaOS
* AmigaOS 1.0-3.9 (Motorola 68000)
* AmigaOS 4 (PowerPC)
* Amiga Unix, a.k.a. Amix
* Amstrad
* AMSDOS
* Contiki
* SymbOS
* Android
* Apple Inc.
* Apple II family
* Apple III
* Apple DOS
* Apple Lisa
* Apple SOS
* Apple Pascal
* ProDOS
* GS/OS
* GNO/ME
* Contiki
* Apple Macintosh
* Classic Mac OS
* A/UX
* Copland
* MkLinux
* Pink
* Rhapsody
* macOS (formerly Mac OS X and OS X)
* macOS Server (formerly Mac OS X Server and OS X Server)
* Apple Network Server
* Apple MessagePad
* Newton OS
* iPhone and iPod Touch
* iOS (formerly iPhone OS)
* iPad
* iPadOS
* Apple Watch
* watchOS
* Apple TV
* tvOS
* Darwin
* iPod
* iPod software (unnamed embedded OS)
* A/ROSE
* Apollo Computer
* Domain/OS
* Atari
* Atari DOS
* Atari TOS
* Atari MultiTOS
* BAE Systems XTS-400
* Be Inc.
* BeOS
* BeIA
* BeOS r5.1d0
* Bell Labs Non-Unix
* BESYS
* Plan 9 from Bell Labs
* Inferno)
* Burroughs Corporation
* Burroughs MCP
* BSD
* Control Data Corporation
* Chippewa Operating System
* Kronos
* NOS (Network Operating System)
* SCOPE)
* Convergent Technologies Operating System
* Cosmos
* Cromemco
* Cromemco DOS
* Cromix
* Data General
* AOS (for 16-bit)
* DG/UX
* RDOS (Real-time DOS)
* Datapoint (CTOS for Z-80)
* DDC-I Inc.
* HeartOS
* Digital Research, Inc.
* CP/M
* CP/M Plus
* CP/M-68K
* CP/M-8000
* CP/M-86
* CP/M-86 Plus
* Concurrent CP/M
* Concurrent CP/M-86
* Concurrent CP/M 8-16
* Concurrent CP/M-68K
* Concurrent DOS
* Concurrent PC DOS
* Concurrent DOS 8-16
* Concurrent DOS 286
* Concurrent DOS XM
* Concurrent DOS 386
* Concurrent DOS 386/MGE
* Concurrent DOS 68K
* DR-DOS
* FlexOS
* FlexOS 186
* FlexOS 286
* FlexOS 68K
* Multiuser DOS
* Datapac Multiuser DOS
* Datapac System Manager, a derivative of Datapac Multiuser DOS
* IMS Multiuser DOS
* MP/M
* MP/M II
* MP/M-86
* MP/M 8-16
* PalmDOS 1.0
* Personal CP/M
* Digital Equipment Corporation
* Batch-11/DOS-11
* OS/8
* RSTS/E
* RSX-11
* RT-11
* TOPS-10
* TOPS-20
* TENEX
* Digital UNIX
* Ultrix
* VMS
* WAITS
* DOS
* ENEA AB OSE
* Fujitsu Towns OS
* General Electric, Honeywell, Bull
* Real-Time Multiprogramming Operating System
* GCOS
* Multics
* Genode
* GNU
* Google
* Android
* Chromium OS
* Chrome OS
* Goobuntu
* Fuchsia)
* Green Hills Software
* INTEGRITY
* INTEGRITY-178B
* µ-velOSity
* Haiku
* Harmony
* Heathkit, Zenith Data Systems
* HDOS
* HT-11
* Hewlett-Packare
* HP-UX
* Multi-Programming Executive
* Honeywell CP-6
* Huawei Harmony OS
* Intel Corporation
* ISIS
* IBM
* Pre-360
* BESYS
* CTSS
* GM OS & GM-NAA I/O
* IBSYS
* SHARE Operating System
* University of Michigan Executive System (UMES)
* OS/360 and successors
* OS/360 and successors
* MVS
* OS/390
* Phoenix/MVS
* z/OS)
* DOS
* DOS/360 and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
* BOS/360
* TOS/360
* DOS/VS
* DOS/VSE
* VSE/SP
* VSE/ESA
* z/VSE)
* VM/CMS
* CP/CMS
* CP-40
* CP-67
* VM/370
* VM/XA
* VM/ESA Virtual Machine
* z/VM)
* TPF line
* Airline Control Program ACP
* Transaction Processing Facility)
* Unix-like
* AIX
* UTS (Mainframe UNIX)
* Linux on z Systems
* Others on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
* TSS/360
* MUSIC/SP
* ORVYL and WYLBUR
* IBM PC
* PC DOS
* OS/2
* OS/2 Warp
* eComStation)
* Other hardware
* IBM Series 1
* EDX
* RPS
* CPS
* IBM 1130 DM2
* IBM 1800 MPX & TSX
* IBM 8100
* DPCX
* DPPX)
* System 3 DMS
* IBM System 34, 36, 38
* OS/400
* illumos
* IncludeOS
* iOS
* audioOS
* iPadOS
* tvOS
* Linux
* MINIX
* MorphOS
* MUSIC/SP
* Nemesis
* NeXTSTEP
* NOS
* ORVYL
* OS/2
* OS-9
* OSv
* Pick
* QNX
* ReactOS
* RISC OS
* Solaris
* Tandem
* NonStop
* TPF
* TRIPOS
* Unix
* Visi On
* VS/9
* webOS
* Windows
* Xerox 500 series (530 RTB, 560)
* Xinu
* z/OS

Miscellaneous concepts|

* API
* Computer network
* HAL
* Live CD
* Live USB
* OS shell
* CLI
* GUI
* NUI
* TUI
* VUI
* ZUI
* PXE

* v
* t
* e

Russian operating systems

Unix,
Unix-like|

* DEMOS
* MNOS
* MOS
* USIX

Linux distributions|

* ALT Linux
* Astra Linux
* Calculate Linux
* Linux XP
* ROSA Linux
* Russian Fedora Remix

DOS|

* ANDOS
* IS-DOS
* PTS-DOS

Other|

* Excelsior (modular)
* OS2000 Baget (RTOS)
* Phantom OS (persistent)

* Italics indicate discontinued systems.

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