Standard test image

File:SIPI Jelly Beans 4.1.07.tiff A standard test image is a digital image file used across different institutions to test image processing and image compression algorithms. By using the same standard test images, different labs are able to compare results, both visually and quantitatively.

The images are in many cases chosen to represent natural or typical images that a class of processing techniques would need to deal with. Other test images are chosen because they present a range of challenges to image reconstruction algorithms, such as the reproduction of fine detail and textures, sharp transitions and edges, and uniform regions.

## Contents

* 1 Historical origins
* 2 Common test image resolutions
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Historical origins

Test images as transmission system calibration material probably date back to the original Paris to Lyon fax link. Analogue Fax equipment (and photographic equipment for the printing trade) were the largest user groups of the standardized image for calibration technology until the coming of television and digital image transmission systems.

## Common test image resolutions

The standard resolution of the images is usually 512×512 or 720×576. Most of these images are available as TIFF files from the University of Southern California's Signal and Image Processing Institute.[1] Kodak has released 768×512 images, available as PNGs, that was originally on Photo CD with higher resolution, that are widely used for comparing image compression techniques.[2]

## See also

* Carole Hersee
* FERET database (DARPA/NIST face recognition database)
* Lenna
* List of common 3D test models

## References

1. ↑ USC-SIPI Image Database
2. ↑ Rich Franzen. "Kodak Lossless True Color Image Suite". http://r0k.us/graphics/kodak/.

## External links

* The USC-SIPI Image Database — A large collection of standard test images
* Computer Vision website — A large collection of links to various test images
* Vision @ Reading — University of Reading's set of popular test images
* CIPR still images — Some sets of test images at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (including the Kodak set)
* True-color Kodak test images — The Kodak set in PNG format
* TESTIMAGES — Large collection of sample images designed for analysis and quality assessment of different kinds of displays (i.e. monitors, televisions and digital cinema projectors) and image processing techniques

* v
* t
* e

Data compression methods

Lossless|

| Entropy type|

* Arithmetic
* Asymmetric numeral systems
* Golomb
* Huffman
* Adaptive
* Canonical
* Modified
* Range
* Shannon
* Shannon–Fano
* Shannon–Fano–Elias
* Tunstall
* Unary
* Universal
* Exp-Golomb
* Fibonacci
* Gamma
* Levenshtein

|

Dictionary type|

* Byte pair encoding
* Lempel–Ziv
* Brotli
* DEFLATE
* LZ4
* LZFSE
* LZJB
* LZMA
* LZO
* LZRW
* LZS
* LZSS
* LZW
* LZWL
* LZX
* Snappy
* Zstandard

Other types|

* BWT
* CTW
* Delta
* DMC
* DPCM
* LDCT
* MTF
* PAQ
* PPM
* RLE

Lossy|

| Transform type|

* Discrete cosine transform
* DCT
* MDCT
* DST
* FFT
* Wavelet
* Daubechies
* DWT
* SPIHT

|

Predictive type|

* DPCM
* ADPCM
* LPC
* ACELP
* CELP
* LAR
* LSP
* WLPC
* Motion
* Compensation
* Estimation
* Vector
* Psychoacoustic

Audio|

| Concepts|

* Bit rate
* ABR
* CBR
* VBR
* Companding
* Convolution
* Dynamic range
* Latency
* Nyquist–Shannon theorem
* Sampling
* Sound quality
* Speech coding
* Sub-band coding

|

Codec parts|

* A-law
* μ-law
* DPCM
* ADPCM
* FT
* FFT
* LPC
* ACELP
* CELP
* LAR
* LSP
* WLPC
* MDCT
* Psychoacoustic model

Image|

| Concepts|

* Chroma subsampling
* Coding tree unit
* Color space
* Compression artifact
* Image resolution
* Macroblock
* Pixel
* PSNR
* Quantization
* Standard test image

|

Methods|

* Chain code
* DCT
* DEFLATE
* Fractal
* KLT
* LP
* RLE
* Wavelet
* Daubechies
* DWT
* EZW
* SPIHT

Video|

| Concepts|

* Bit rate
* ABR
* CBR
* VBR
* Display resolution
* Frame
* Frame rate
* Frame types
* Interlace
* Video characteristics
* Video quality

|

Codec parts|

* DCT
* DPCM
* Deblocking filter
* Lapped transform
* Motion
* Compensation
* Estimation
* Vector
* Wavelet
* Daubechies
* DWT

Theory|

* Entropy
* Information theory
* Timeline
* Kolmogorov complexity
* Quantization
* Rate–distortion
* Redundancy

* Compression formats
* Compression software (codecs)

* v
* t
* e

Standard test items

* Pangram
* Reference implementation
* Sanity check
* Standard test image

Artificial intelligence|

* Chinese room
* Turing test

Television (test card)|

* SMPTE color bars
* Indian-head test pattern
* Test Card F
* Philips PM5544

Computer languages|

* "Hello, World!" program
* Quine
* Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm
* Man or boy test
* Just another Perl hacker

Data compression|

* Calgary corpus
* Canterbury corpus

3D computer graphics|

* Cornell box
* Stanford bunny
* Stanford dragon
* Utah teapot

Machine learning|

* ImageNet
* MNIST database
* List

Typography|

* Hamburgevons
* Lorem ipsum
* The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Other|

* EICAR test file
* GTUBE
* Harvard sentences
* Lenna
* "The North Wind and the Sun"
* "Tom's Diner"
* SMPTE universal leader
* EURion constellation
* Shakedown

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