Terabit Ethernet

Short description: Ethernet with speeds above 100 Gbit/s

Terabit Ethernet (TbE) is Ethernet with speeds above 100 Gigabit Ethernet. The 400 Gigabit Ethernet (400G, 400GbE) and 200 Gigabit Ethernet (200G, 200GbE)[1] standard developed by the IEEE P802.3bs Task Force using broadly similar technology to 100 Gigabit Ethernet[2][3] was approved on December 6, 2017.[4][5] On February 16, 2024 the 800 Gigabit Ethernet (800G, 800GbE) standard developed by the IEEE P802.3df Task Force was approved.[6]

The Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF) has already announced five new projects at 112 Gbit/s which would also make 4th generation (single-lane) 100 GbE links possible.[7] The IEEE P802.3df Task Force started work in January 2022 to standardize 800 Gbit/s and 1.6 Tbit/s Ethernet. [8] In November 2022 the IEEE 802.3df project objectives were split in two, with 1.6T and 200G/lane work being moved to the new IEEE 802.3dj project. The timeline for the 802.3dj project indicates completion in July 2026. [9]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Standards development
* 2.1 IEEE project objectives
* 2.1.1 802.3bs project
* 2.1.2 802.3cd project
* 2.1.3 802.3ck project
* 2.1.4 802.3cm project
* 2.1.5 802.3cn project
* 2.1.6 802.3cu project
* 2.1.7 802.3cw project
* 2.1.8 802.3db project
* 2.1.9 802.3df project
* 2.1.10 802.3dj project
* 2.1.11 802.3ds project
* 2.2 200G port types
* 2.3 400G port types
* 2.4 800G port types
* 2.5 1.6T port types
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 Further reading
* 6 External links

## History

Facebook and Google, among other companies, have expressed a need for TbE.[10] While a speed of 400 Gbit/s is achievable with existing technology, 1 Tbit/s (1000 Gbit/s) would require different technology.[2][11] Accordingly, at the IEEE Industry Connections Higher Speed Ethernet Consensus group meeting in September 2012, 400 GbE was chosen as the next generation goal.[2] Additional 200 GbE objectives were added in January 2016.

The University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) attracted help from Agilent Technologies, Google, Intel, Rockwell Collins, and Verizon Communications to help with research into next generation Ethernet.[12]

In early 2016, core router platforms from Cisco, Juniper and other major manufacturers supported 400 Gbit/s full duplex data rates per slot. One, two and four-port 100 GbE and one port 400 GbE line cards were available. In early 2019, 200 GbE line cards became available after 802.3cd standard ratification.[13][14] In 2020 the Ethernet Technology Consortium announced a specification for 800 Gigabit Ethernet.[15]

200G Ethernet uses PAM4 signaling, which allows 2 bits to be transmitted per clock cycle, but at a higher implementation cost.[16] Cisco introduced an 800G Ethernet switch in 2022.[17] In 2024, Nokia routers with 800G Ethernet were deployed.[18]

## Standards development

The IEEE formed the "IEEE 802.3 Industry Connections Ethernet Bandwidth Assessment Ad Hoc", to investigate the business needs for short and long term bandwidth requirements.[19][20][21]

IEEE 802.3's "400 Gb/s Ethernet Study Group" started working on the 400 Gbit/s generation standard in March 2013.[22] Results from the study group were published and approved on March 27, 2014. Subsequently, the IEEE 802.3bs Task Force[23] started working to provide physical layer specifications for several link distances.[24]

The IEEE 802.3bs standard was approved on December 6, 2017.[4]

The IEEE 802.3cd standard was approved on December 5, 2018.

The IEEE 802.3cn standard was approved on December 20, 2019.

The IEEE 802.3cm standard was approved on January 30, 2020.

The IEEE 802.3cu standard was approved on February 11, 2021.

The IEEE 802.3ck and 802.3db standards were approved on September 21, 2022.

In November 2022 the IEEE 802.3df project objectives were split in two, with 1.6T and 200G/lane work being moved to the new IEEE 802.3dj project

* Original IEEE P802.3df Objectives
* Updated IEEE P802.3df Objectives to reduce scope to 800G Ethernet using 100G physical lanes
* IEEE P802.3dj Objectives for 1.6 Tbit/s Ethernet and PHYs that employ 200 Gbit/s lanes
* IEEE P802.3dj Objectives updated in May 2023 to include 200G/lane backplane Ethernet
* IEEE P802.3dj Objectives updated in January 2024 to include additional PHY types

The IEEE 802.3df standard was approved on February 16, 2024.

### IEEE project objectives

Like all speeds since 10 Gigabit Ethernet, the standards support only full-duplex operation. Other objectives include:[24]

1. Preserve the Ethernet frame format utilizing the Ethernet MAC
2. Preserve minimum and maximum frame size of current Ethernet standard
3. Support a bit error ratio (BER) of 10−13, which is an improvement over the 10−12 BER that was specified for 10GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE.
4. Support for OTN (transport of Ethernet across optical transport networks), and optional support for Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE).

#### 802.3bs project

Define physical layer specifications supporting:[24]

* 400 Gbit/s Ethernet
* at least 100 m over multi-mode fiber (400GBASE-SR16) using 16 parallel strands of fiber each at 25 Gbit/s[25][26]
* at least 500 m over single-mode fiber (400GBASE-DR4) using 4 parallel strands of fiber each at 100 Gbit/s[27][28]
* at least 2 km over single-mode fiber (400GBASE-FR8) using 8 parallel wavelengths (CWDM) each at 50 Gbit/s[27][29][30]
* at least 10 km over single-mode fiber (400GBASE-LR8) using 8 parallel wavelengths (CWDM) each at 50 Gbit/s[27][30][31]
* 8 and 16 lane chip-to-chip/chip-to-module electrical interfaces (400GAUI-8 and 400GAUI-16)
* 200 Gbit/s Ethernet
* at least 500 m over single-mode fiber (200GBASE-DR4) using 4 parallel strands of fiber each at 50 Gbit/s[32][33]
* at least 2 km over single-mode fiber (200GBASE-FR4) using 4 parallel wavelengths (CWDM) each at 50 Gbit/s[1][33]
* at least 10 km over single-mode fiber (200GBASE-LR4) using 4 parallel wavelengths (CWDM) each at 50 Gbit/s[1][33]
* 4 or 8 lane chip-to-chip/chip-to-module electrical interfaces (200GAUI-4 and 200GAUI-8)

#### 802.3cd project

* Define four-lane 200 Gbit/s PHYs for operation over:
* copper twin-axial cables with lengths up to at least 3 m (200GBASE-CR4).
* printed circuit board backplane with a total channel insertion loss of ≤ 30 dB at 13.28125 GHz (200GBASE-KR4).
* Define 200 Gbit/s PHYs for operation over MMF with lengths up to at least 100 m (200GBASE-SR4).

#### 802.3ck project

* 200 Gbit/s Ethernet
* Define a two-lane 200 Gbit/s Attachment Unit interface (AUI) for chip-to-module applications, compatible with PMDs based on 100 Gbit/s per lane optical signaling (200GAUI-2 C2M)
* Define a two-lane 200 Gbit/s Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) for chip-to-chip applications (200GAUI-2 C2C)
* Define a two-lane 200 Gbit/s PHY for operation over electrical backplanes an insertion loss ≤ 28 dB at 26.56 GHz (200GBASE-KR2)
* Define a two-lane 200 Gbit/s PHY for operation over twin axial copper cables with lengths up to at least 2 m (200GBASE-CR2)
* 400 Gbit/s Ethernet
* Define a four-lane 400 Gbit/s Attachment Unit interface (AUI) for chip-to-module applications, compatible with PMDs based on 100 Gbit/s per lane optical signaling (400GAUI-4 C2M)
* Define a four-lane 400 Gbit/s Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) for chip-to-chip applications (400GAUI-4 C2C)
* Define a four-lane 400 Gbit/s PHY for operation over electrical backplanes an insertion loss ≤ 28 dB at 26.56 GHz (400GBASE-KR4)
* Define a four-lane 400 Gbit/s PHY for operation over twin axial copper cables with lengths up to at least 2 m (400GBASE-CR4)

#### 802.3cm project

* 400 Gbit/s Ethernet
* Define a physical layer specification supporting 400 Gbit/s operation over 8 pairs of MMF with lengths up to at least 100 m (400GBASE-SR8)
* Define a physical layer specification supporting 400 Gbit/s operation over 4 pairs of MMF with lengths up to at least 100 m (400GBASE-SR4.2)

#### 802.3cn project

* 200 Gbit/s Ethernet
* Provide a physical layer specification supporting 200 Gbit/s operation over four wavelengths capable of at least 40 km of SMF (200GBASE-ER4) [34]
* 400 Gbit/s Ethernet
* Provide a physical layer specification supporting 400 Gbit/s operation over eight wavelengths capable of at least 40 km of SMF (400GBASE-ER8)[34]

#### 802.3cu project

* Define a four-wavelength 400 Gbit/s PHY for operation over SMF with lengths up to at least 2 km (400GBASE-FR4)
* Define a four-wavelength 400 Gbit/s PHY for operation over SMF with lengths up to at least 6 km (400GBASE-LR4-6) [35]

#### 802.3cw project

* Provide a physical layer specification supporting 400 Gbit/s operation on a single wavelength capable of at least 80 km over a DWDM system (400GBASE-ZR)[36] Dual polarization 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM) with coherent detection is proposed.[37] The project was canceled in 2024.

#### 802.3db project

* 200 Gbit/s Ethernet
* Define a physical layer specification that supports 200 Gbit/s operation over 2 pairs of MMF with lengths up to at least 50 m (200GBASE-VR2)
* Define a physical layer specification that supports 200 Gbit/s operation over 2 pairs of MMF with lengths up to at least 100 m (200GBASE-SR2)
* 400 Gbit/s Ethernet
* Define a physical layer specification that supports 400 Gbit/s operation over 4 pairs of MMF with lengths up to at least 50 m (400GBASE-VR4)
* Define a physical layer specification that supports 400 Gbit/s operation over 4 pairs of MMF with lengths up to at least 100 m (400GBASE-SR4)

'IEEE P802.3db 100 Gb/s, 200 Gb/s, and 400 Gb/s Short Reach Fiber Task Force'

#### 802.3df project

* Adds 800G Ethernet rate and specifies port types using existing 100G per lane technology

IEEE P802.3df Objectives for 800 Gbit/s Ethernet and 400G and 800G PHYs using 100 Gbit/s lanes

#### 802.3dj project

* Adds 1.6 Tbit/s Ethernet rate and specifies port types using new 200 Gbit/s per lane technology.

IEEE P802.3dj Objectives for 1.6 Tbit/s Ethernet and 200, 400 800 Gbit/s, and 1.6 Tbit/s PHYs using 200 Gbit/s lanes

#### 802.3ds project

* Adds 200, 400, 800 Gbit/s and 1.6 Tbit/s MMF PHYs with 30m and 50m reach.

IEEE P802.3ds Objectives for 200 Gb/s per Wavelength MMF PHYs

### 200G port types

Legend for fibre-based TP-PHYs[38] MMF
FDDI
62,5/125 µm
(1987) | MMF
OM1
62,5/125 µm
(1989) | MMF
OM2
50/125 µm
(1998) | MMF
OM3
50/125 µm
(2003) | MMF
OM4
50/125 µm
(2008) | MMF
OM5
50/125 µm
(2016) | SMF
OS1
9/125 µm
(1998) | SMF
OS2
9/125 µm
(2000)

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160 MHz·km
@850 nm | 200 MHz·km
@850 nm | 500 MHz·km
@850 nm | 1500 MHz·km
@850 nm | 3500 MHz·km
@850 nm | 3500 MHz·km
@850 nm &
1850 MHz·km
@950 nm | 1 dB/km
@1300/
1550 nm | 0.4 dB/km
@1300/
1550 nm
Name  | Standard  | Status  | Media  | Connector  | Transceiver
Module | Reach
in m  | #
Media
(⇆) | #
Lambdas
(→) | #
Lanes
(→) | Notes

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200 Gigabit Ethernet (200 GbE) (1st Generation: 25GbE-based)
(Data rate: 200 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(544,514) × NRZ - Line rate: 8x 26.5625 GBd = 212.5 GBd - Full-Duplex) [39][40][41]
200GAUI-8 | 802.3bs-2017
(CL120B/C) | current  | Chip-to-chip/
Chip-to-module interface  | N/A  | N/A  | 0.25  | 16  | N/A  | 8  | PCBs
200 Gigabit Ethernet (200 GbE) (2nd Generation: 50GbE-based)
(Data rate: 200 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(544,514) × PAM4 \- Line rate: 4x 26.5625 GBd x2 = 212.5 GBd - Full-Duplex) [39][40][41]
200GAUI-4 | 802.3bs-2017
(CL120D/E) | current  | Chip-to-chip/
Chip-to-module interface  | N/A  | N/A  | 0.25  | 8  | N/A  | 4  | PCBs
200GBASE-KR4 | 802.3cd-2018
(CL137) | current  | Cu-Backplane  | N/A  | N/A  | 1  | 8  | N/A  | 4  | PCBs;
total insertion loss of ≤ 30 dB at 13.28125 GHz
200GBASE-CR4 | 802.3cd-2018
(CL136) | current  | twinaxial
copper
cable  | QSFP-DD,
QSFP56,
microQSFP,
OSFP | N/A | 3  | 8  | N/A  | 4  | Data centres (in-rack)
200GBASE-SR4 | 802.3cd-2018
(CL138) | current  | Fibre
850 nm | MPO/MTP
(MPO-12) | QSFP56 | OM3: 70 | 8  | 1  | 4  | uses four fibers in each direction
OM4: 100
200GBASE-DR4 | 802.3bs-2017
(CL121) | current  | Fibre
1304.5 – 1317.5 nm | MPO/MTP
(MPO-12) | QSFP56 | OS2: 500 | 8  | 1  | 4  | uses four fibers in each direction
200GBASE-FR4 | 802.3bs-2017
(CL122) | current  | Fibre
1271 – 1331 nm | LC  | QSFP56 | OS2: 2k | 2  | 4  | 4  | WDM
200GBASE-LR4 | 802.3bs-2017
(CL122) | current  | Fibre
1295.56 – 1309.14 nm | LC  | QSFP56 | OS2: 10k | 2  | 4  | 4  | WDM
200GBASE-ER4 | 802.3cn-2019
(CL122) | current  | Fibre
1295.56 – 1309.14 nm | LC  | QSFP56 | OS2: 40k | 2  | 4  | 4  | WDM
200 Gigabit Ethernet (200 GbE) (3rd Generation: 100GbE-based)
(Data rate: 200 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(544,514) × PAM4 \- Line rate: 2x 53.1250 GBd x2 = 212.5 GBd - Full-Duplex) [39][40][41]
200GAUI-2 | 802.3ck-2022
(CL120F/G) | current  | Chip-to-chip/
Chip-to-module interface  | N/A  | N/A | 0.25  | 4  | N/A  | 2  | PCBs
200GBASE-KR2 | 802.3ck-2022
(CL163) | current  | Cu backplane  | N/A  | N/A  | 1  | 4  | N/A  | 2  | PCBs;
total insertion loss of ≤ 28 dB at 26.56 GHz
200GBASE-CR2 | 802.3ck-2022
(CL162) | current  | twinaxial copper cable  | QSFP-DD,
QSFP112,
SFP-DD112,
DSFP,
OSFP | N/A | 2  | 4  | N/A  | 2  |
200GBASE-VR2 | 802.3db-2022
(CL167) | current  | Fiber
850 nm | MPO
(MPO-12) | QSFP
QSFP-DD
SFP-DD112 | OM3: 30 | 4  | 1  | 2  |
OM4: 50
200GBASE-SR2 | 802.3db-2022
(CL167) | current  | Fiber
850 nm | MPO
(MPO-12) | QSFP
QSFP-DD
SFP-DD112 | OM3: 60 | 4  | 1  | 2  |
OM4: 100
200 Gigabit Ethernet (200 GbE) (4th Generation: 200GbE-based)
(Data rate: 200 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(544,514) × PAM4 \- Line rate: 1x 106.25 GBd x2 = 212.5 GBd - Full-Duplex)
200GAUI-1 | 802.3dj
(CL176D/E) | development  | Chip-to-chip/
Chip-to-module interface  | N/A  | N/A | 0.25  | 2  | N/A  | 1  | PCBs
200GBASE-KR1 | 802.3dj
(CL178) | development  | Cu backplane  | N/A  | N/A  | N/A  | 2  | N/A  | 1  | PCBs;
total insertion loss of ≤ 40 dB at 53.125 GHz
200GBASE-CR1 | 802.3dj
(CL179) | development  | twinaxial copper cable  | TBD | N/A | 1  | 2  | N/A  | 1  |
200GBASE-DR1 | 802.3dj
(CL180) | development  | Fiber
1310 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 500 | 2  | 1  | 1  |
200 Gigabit Ethernet (200 GbE) (200GbE-based)
(Data rate: 200 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × Concatenated outer RS-FEC(544,514) × Concatenated inner Hamming FEC (128, 120) x PAM4 \- Line rate: 1x 113.4375 GBd x2 = 226.875 GBd - Full-Duplex)
200GBASE-DR1-2 | 802.3dj
(CL182) | development  | Fiber
1310 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 2k | 2  | 1  | 1  |

### 400G port types

Legend for fibre-based TP-PHYs[38] MMF
FDDI
62,5/125 µm
(1987) | MMF
OM1
62,5/125 µm
(1989) | MMF
OM2
50/125 µm
(1998) | MMF
OM3
50/125 µm
(2003) | MMF
OM4
50/125 µm
(2008) | MMF
OM5
50/125 µm
(2016) | SMF
OS1
9/125 µm
(1998) | SMF
OS2
9/125 µm
(2000)

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160 MHz·km
@850 nm | 200 MHz·km
@850 nm | 500 MHz·km
@850 nm | 1500 MHz·km
@850 nm | 3500 MHz·km
@850 nm | 3500 MHz·km
@850 nm &
1850 MHz·km
@950 nm | 1 dB/km
@1300/
1550 nm | 0.4 dB/km
@1300/
1550 nm
Name  | Standard  | Status  | Media  | Connector  | Transceiver
Module | Reach
in m  | #
Media
(⇆) | #

(→) | #
Lanes
(→) | Notes

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400 Gigabit Ethernet (400 GbE) (1st Generation: 25GbE-based)
(Data rate: 400 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(544,514) × NRZ - Line rate: 16x 26.5625 GBd = 425 GBd - Full-Duplex) [39]
400GAUI-16 | 802.3bs-2017
(CL120B/C) | current  | Chip-to-chip/
Chip-to-module interface  | N/A  | N/A  | 0.25  | 32  | N/A  | 16  | PCBs
400GBASE-SR16 | 802.3bs-2017
(CL123) | current  | Fibre
850 nm | MPO/MTP
(MPO-32) | CFP8 | OM3: 70 | 32  | 1  | 16  |
OM4: 100
OM5: 100
400 Gigabit Ethernet (400 GbE) (2nd Generation: 50GbE-based)
(Data rate: 400 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(544,514) × PAM4 \- Line rate: 8x 26.5625 GBd x2 = 425.0 GBd - Full-Duplex) [39]
400GAUI-8 | 802.3bs-2017
(CL 120D/E) | current  | Chip-to-chip/
Chip-to-module interface  | N/A  | N/A  | 0.25  | 16  | N/A  | 8  | PCBs
400GBASE-KR8 | proprietary
(ETC) (CL120) | current  | Cu-Backplane  | N/A  | N/A  | 1  | 8  | N/A  | 8  | PCBs
400GBASE-SR8 | 802.3cm-2020
(CL138) | current  | Fiber
850 nm | MPO/MTP
(MPO-16) | QSFP-DD
OSFP | OM3: 70 | 16  | 1  | 8  |
OM4: 100
OM5: 100
400GBASE-SR4.2
(Bidirectional) | 802.3cm-2020
(CL150) | current  | Fiber
850 nm
912 nm | MPO/MTP
(MPO-12) | QSFP-DD | OM3: 70 | 8  | 2  | 8  | Bidirectional WDM
OM4: 100
OM5: 150
400GBASE-FR8 | 802.3bs-2017
(CL122) | current  | Fibre
1273.54 – 1309.14 nm | LC  | QSFP-DD
OSFP | OS2: 2k | 2  | 8  | 8  | WDM
400GBASE-LR8 | 802.3bs-2017
(CL122) | current  | Fibre
1273.54 – 1309.14 nm | LC  | QSFP-DD
OSFP | OS2: 10k | 2  | 8  | 8  | WDM
400GBASE-ER8 | 802.3cn-2019
(CL122) | current  | Fibre
1273.54 – 1309.14 nm | LC  | QSFP-DD | OS2: 40k | 2  | 8  | 8  | WDM
400 Gigabit Ethernet (400 GbE) (3rd Generation: 100GbE-based)
(Data rate: 400 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(544,514) × PAM4 \- Line rate: 4x 53.1250 GBd x2 = 425.0 GBd - Full-Duplex) [39]
400GAUI-4 | 802.3ck-2022
(CL120F/G) | current  | Chip-to-chip/
Chip-to-module interface  | N/A  | N/A  | 0.25  | 8  | N/A  | 4  | PCBs
400GBASE-KR4 | 802.3ck-2022
(CL163) | current  | Cu-Backplane  | N/A  | N/A  | 1  | 8  | N/A  | 4  | PCBs;
total insertion loss of ≤ 28 dB at 26.56 GHz
400GBASE-CR4 | 802.3ck-2022
(CL162) | current  | twinaxial
copper
cable  | QSFP-DD,
QSFP112,
OSFP | N/A | 2  | 8  | N/A  | 4  | Data centres (in-rack)
400GBASE-VR4 | 802.3db-2022
(CL167) | current  | Fibre
850 nm | MPO
(MPO-12) | QSFP-DD | OM3: 30 | 8  | 1  | 4  |
OM4: 50
OM5: 50
400GBASE-SR4 | 802.3db-2022
(CL167) | current  | Fibre
850 nm | MPO
(MPO-12) | QSFP-DD | OM3: 60 | 8  | 1  | 4  |
OM4: 100
OM5: 100
400GBASE-DR4 | 802.3bs-2017
(CL124) | current  | Fibre
1304.5 – 1317.5 nm | MPO/MTP
(MPO-12) | QSFP-DD
OSFP | OS2: 500 | 8  | 1  | 4  |
400GBASE-DR4-2 | 802.3df-2024
(CL124) | current  | Fibre
1304.5 – 1317.5 nm | MPO/MTP
(MPO-12) | QSFP-DD
OSFP | OS2: 2k | 8  | 1  | 4  |
400GBASE-XDR4
400GBASE-DR4+ | proprietary
(non IEEE) | current  | Fibre
1304.5 – 1317.5 nm | MPO/MTP
(MPO-12) | QSFP-DD
OSFP | OSx: 2k | 8  | 1  | 4  |
400GBASE-FR4 | 802.3cu-2021
(CL151) | current  | Fibre
1271−1331 nm | LC  | QSFP-DD
OSFP | OS2: 2k | 2  | 4  | 4  | Multi-Vendor Standard[42]
400GBASE-LR4-6 | 802.3cu-2021
(CL151) | current  | Fibre
1271−1331 nm | LC  | QSFP-DD | OS2: 6k | 2  | 4  | 4  |
400GBASE-LR4-10 | proprietary
(MSA, Sept 2020) | current  | Fibre
1271−1331 nm | LC  | QSFP-DD | OSx: 10k | 2  | 4  | 4  | Multi-Vendor Standard[43]
400GBASE-ZR  | 802.3cw
(CL155/156) | canceled  | Fibre  | LC  | QSFP-DD
OSFP | OSx: 80k | 2  | 1  | 2  | 59.84375 Gigabaud (DP-16QAM)
400 Gigabit Ethernet (400 GbE) (4th Generation: 200GbE-based)
(Data rate: 400 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(544,514) × PAM4 \- Line rate: 2x 106.25 GBd x2 = 425 GBd - Full-Duplex)
400GAUI-2 | 802.3dj
(CL176D/E) | development  | Chip-to-chip/
Chip-to-module interface  | N/A  | N/A | 0.25  | 2  | N/A  | 1  | PCBs
400GBASE-KR2 | 802.3dj
(CL178) | development  | Cu backplane  | N/A  | N/A  | N/A  | 4  | N/A  | 2  | PCBs;
total insertion loss of ≤ 40 dB at 53.125 GHz
400GBASE-CR2 | 802.3dj
(CL179) | development  | twinaxial copper cable  | TBD | N/A | 1  | 4  | N/A  | 2  |
400GBASE-DR2 | 802.3dj
(CL180) | development  | Fiber
1310 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 500 | 4  | 1  | 2  |
400 Gigabit Ethernet (400 GbE) (200GbE-based)
(Data rate: 400 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × Concatenated outer RS-FEC(544,514) × Concatenated inner Hamming FEC (128, 120) x PAM4 \- Line rate: 2x 113.4375 GBd x2 = 453.75 GBd - Full-Duplex)
400GBASE-DR2-2 | 802.3dj
(CL182) | development  | Fiber
1310 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 2k | 4  | 1  | 2  |

### 800G port types

Legend for fibre-based TP-PHYs[38] MMF
FDDI
62,5/125 µm
(1987) | MMF
OM1
62,5/125 µm
(1989) | MMF
OM2
50/125 µm
(1998) | MMF
OM3
50/125 µm
(2003) | MMF
OM4
50/125 µm
(2008) | MMF
OM5
50/125 µm
(2016) | SMF
OS1
9/125 µm
(1998) | SMF
OS2
9/125 µm
(2000)

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160 MHz·km
@850 nm | 200 MHz·km
@850 nm | 500 MHz·km
@850 nm | 1500 MHz·km
@850 nm | 3500 MHz·km
@850 nm | 3500 MHz·km
@850 nm &
1850 MHz·km
@950 nm | 1 dB/km
@1300/
1550 nm | 0.4 dB/km
@1300/
1550 nm
Name  | Standard  | Status  | Media  | Connector  | Transceiver
Module | Reach
in m  | #
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800 Gigabit Ethernet (800 GbE) (1st Generation: 100GbE-based)
(Data rate: 800 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(544,514) × PAM4 \- Line rate: 8x 53.1250 GBd x2 = 850 GBd - Full-Duplex) [39]
800GAUI-8 | 802.3df-2024
(CL120F/G) | current  | Chip-to-chip/
Chip-to-module interface  | N/A  | N/A  | 0.25  | 16  | N/A  | 8  | PCBs
800GBASE-KR8 | 802.3df-2024
(CL163) | current  | Cu-Backplane  | N/A  | N/A  | 1  | 16  | N/A  | 8  | PCBs;
total insertion loss of ≤ 28 dB at 26.56 GHz
800GBASE-CR8 | 802.3df-2024
(CL162) | current  | twinaxial
copper
cable  | QSFP−DD800
OSFP | N/A | 2  | 16  | N/A  | 8  | Data centres (in-rack)
800GBASE-VR8 | 802.3df-2024
(CL167) | current  | Fibre
850 nm | MPO
(MPO-16) | QSFP-DD
OSFP | OM3: 30 | 16  | 1  | 8  |
OM4: 50
OM5: 50
800GBASE-SR8 | 802.3df-2024
(CL167) | current  | Fibre
850 nm | MPO
(MPO-16) | QSFP-DD
OSFP | OM3: 60 | 16  | 1  | 8  |
OM4: 100
OM5: 100
800GBASE-DR8 | 802.3df-2024
(CL124) | current  | Fibre
1304.5 – 1317.5 nm | MPO/MTP
(MPO-16) | QSFP-DD
OSFP | OS2: 500 | 16  | 1  | 8  |
800GBASE-DR8-2 | 802.3df-2024
(CL124) | current  | Fibre
1304.5 – 1317.5 nm | MPO/MTP
(MPO-16) | QSFP-DD
OSFP | OS2: 2k | 16  | 1  | 8  |
800 Gigabit Ethernet (800 GbE) (2nd Generation: 200GbE-based)
(Data rate: 800 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(544,514) × PAM4 \- Line rate: 4x 106.25 GBd x2 = 850 GBd - Full-Duplex)
800GAUI-4 | 802.3dj
(CL176D/E) | development  | Chip-to-chip/
Chip-to-module interface  | N/A  | N/A | 0.25  | 8  | N/A  | 4  | PCBs
800GBASE-KR4 | 802.3dj
(CL178) | development  | Cu backplane  | N/A  | N/A  | N/A  | 8  | N/A  | 4  | PCBs;
total insertion loss of ≤ 40 dB at 53.125 GHz
800GBASE-CR4 | 802.3dj
(CL179) | development  | twinaxial copper cable  | QSFP224
QSFP-DD1600
OSFP1600 | N/A | 1  | 8  | N/A  | 4  |
800GBASE-DR4 | 802.3dj
(CL180) | development  | Fiber
1310 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 500 | 8  | 1  | 4  |
800GBASE-FR4-500 | 802.3dj
(CL181) | development  | Fiber
1271 - 1331 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 500 | 2  | 4  | 4  |
800 Gigabit Ethernet (800 GbE) (200GbE-based)
(Data rate: 800 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × Concatenated outer RS-FEC(544,514) × Concatenated inner Hamming FEC (128, 120) x PAM4 \- Line rate: 4x 113.4375 GBd x2 = 907.5 GBd - Full-Duplex)
800GBASE-DR4-2 | 802.3dj
(CL182) | development  | Fiber
1310 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 2k | 8  | 1  | 4  |
800GBASE-FR4 | 802.3dj
(CL183) | development  | Fiber
1271 - 1331 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 2k | 2  | 4  | 4  |
800GBASE-LR4 | 802.3dj
(CL183) | development  | Fiber
1271 - 1331 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 10k | 2  | 4  | 4  |
800 Gigabit Ethernet (800 GbE) (200GbE-based)
(Data rate: 800 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × Concatenated outer RS-FEC(544,514) × clause 184 inner BCH(126,110) FEC x dual polarization 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM) - Line rate: 123.6364 GBd - Full-Duplex)
800GBASE-LR1 | 802.3dj
(CL185) | development  | Fiber
1310 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 10k | 2  | 1  | 1  | DP-16QAM with coherent detection
800 Gigabit Ethernet (800 GbE) (200GbE-based)
(Data rate: 800 Gbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × Concatenated outer RS-FEC(544,514) × clause 186 inner BCH(256,239) FEC x DP-16QAM modulation - Line rate: 118.203351 GBd - Full-Duplex)
800GBASE-ER1-20 | 802.3dj
(CL187) | development  | Fiber
1550 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 20k | 2  | 1  | 1  | DP-16QAM with coherent detection
800GBASE-ER1 | 802.3dj
(CL187) | development  | Fiber
1550 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 40k | 2  | 1  | 1  | DP-16QAM with coherent detection

### 1.6T port types

Name  | Standard  | Status  | Media  | Connector  | Transceiver
Module | Reach
in m  | #
Media
(⇆) | #

(→) | #
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(→) | Notes

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1.6 Terabit Ethernet (1.6 TbE) (200GbE-based)
(Data rate: 1.6 Tbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(544,514) × PAM4 \- Line rate: 8x 106.25 GBd x2 = 1700 GBd - Full-Duplex)
1.6TAUI-8 | 802.3dj
(CL176D/E) | development  | Chip-to-chip/
Chip-to-module interface  | N/A  | N/A | 0.25  | 16  | N/A  | 8  | PCBs
1.6TBASE-KR8 | 802.3dj
(CL178) | development  | Cu backplane  | N/A  | N/A  | N/A  | 16  | N/A  | 8  | PCBs;
total insertion loss of ≤ 40 dB at 53.125 GHz
1.6TBASE-CR8 | 802.3dj
(CL179) | development  | twinaxial copper cable  | TBD | N/A | 1  | 16  | N/A  | 8  |
1.6TBASE-DR8 | 802.3dj
(CL180) | development  | Fiber
1310 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 500 | 16  | 1  | 8  |
1.6 Terabit Ethernet (1.6 TbE) (200GbE-based)
(Data rate: 1.6 Tbit/s \- Line code: 256b/257b × Concatenated outer RS-FEC(544,514) × Concatenated inner Hamming FEC (128, 120) x PAM4 \- Line rate: 8x 113.4375 GBd x2 = 1815 GBd - Full-Duplex)
1.6TBASE-DR8-2 | 802.3dj
(CL182) | development  | Fiber
1310 nm | TBD | TBD | OS2: 2k | 16  | 1  | 8  |

## See also

* Ethernet Alliance
* Interconnect bottleneck
* Fiber-optic cable
* Optical communication
* Parallel optical interface

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "IEEE 802.3 NGOATH SG Adopted Changes to 802.3bs Project Objectives". http://www.ieee802.org/3/bs/NGOATH_3bs_Objectives_16_0122.pdf.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Network boffins say Terabit Ethernet is TOO FAST: Sticking to 400Gb for now". https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/09/28/terabit_ethernet_too_fast/.
3. ↑ "On-board optics: beyond pluggables | Fibre Systems". https://www.fibre-systems.com/feature/board-optics-beyond-pluggables.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "[STDS-802-3-400G IEEE P802.3bs Approved!"]. IEEE 802.3bs Task Force. http://www.ieee802.org/3/400GSG/email/msg01519.html.
5. ↑ "High-Speed Transmission Update: 200G/400G". 2016-07-18. http://www.connectorsupplier.com/high-speed-transmission-update-200g400g/.
6. ↑ "[802.3_B400G IEEE P802.3df Standard Approved!"]. https://www.ieee802.org/3/B400G/email/msg01072.html.
7. ↑ "OIF Launches CEI-112G Project for 100G Serial Electrical Links". Businesswire. 30 Aug 2016. http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160830005339/en/OIF-Launches-CEI-112G-Project-100G-Serial-Electrical.
8. ↑ "802.3df Public Area". https://www.ieee802.org/3/df/public/index.html.
9. ↑ "Adopted IEEE P802.3dj Timeline". 2023-11-28. https://www.ieee802.org/3/dj/projdoc/timeline_3dj_231128.pdf.
10. ↑ Feldman, Michael (February 3, 2010). "Facebook Dreams of Terabit Ethernet". HPCwire. Tabor Communications, Inc.. http://www.hpcwire.com/2010/02/03/facebook_dreams_of_terabit_ethernet/.
11. ↑ Matsumoto, Craig (March 5, 2010). "Dare We Aim for Terabit Ethernet?". Light Reading. UBM TechWeb. http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=188442&.
12. ↑ Craig Matsumoto (October 26, 2010). "The Terabit Ethernet Chase Begins". Light Reading. http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=199046&.
13. ↑ "Service Provider Network and Technology Services". https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/service-provider/index.html.
14. ↑ "Alcatel-Lucent boosts operator capacity to deliver big data and video over existing networks with launch of 400G IP router interface". https://networks.nokia.com/press/2015/alcatel-lucent-boosts-operator-capacity-deliver-big-data-and-video-over-existing-networks-launch.
15. ↑ "Rebranded Ethernet Technology Consortium Unveils 800 Gigabit Ethernet". https://www.anandtech.com/show/15710/rebranded-ethernet-technology-consortium-unveils-800-gigabit-ethernet.
16. ↑ Smith, Ryan. "Micron Spills on GDDR6X: PAM4 Signaling For Higher Rates, Coming to NVIDIA's RTX 3090". https://www.anandtech.com/show/15978/micron-spills-on-gddr6x-pam4-signaling-for-higher-rates-coming-to-nvidias-rtx-3090.
17. ↑ "Cisco powers up Nexus switch, offers 800GB optic modules". https://www.networkworld.com/article/971543/cisco-powers-up-nexus-switch-offers-800gb-optic-modules.html.
18. ↑ "NL-ix deploys a range of Nokia service routers". 16 January 2024. https://www.lightwaveonline.com/data-center/article/14303686/nl-ix-deploys-a-range-of-nokia-service-routers.
19. ↑ Stephen Lawson (May 9, 2011). "IEEE Seeks Data on Ethernet Bandwidth Needs". PC World. http://www.pcworld.com/article/227446/article.html. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
20. ↑ "IEEE Industry Connections Ethernet Bandwidth Assessment". IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Working Group. July 19, 2012. http://www.ieee802.org/3/ad_hoc/bwa/BWA_Report.pdf.
21. ↑ Max Burkhalter Brafton (May 12, 2011). "Terabit Ethernet could be on its way". Perle. http://www.perle.com/articles/Terabit-Ethernet-could-be-on-its-way-800506465.shtml.
22. ↑ "400 Gb/s Ethernet Study Group". Group web site. IEEE 802.3. http://www.ieee802.org/3/400GSG/.
23. ↑ "IEEE P802.3bs 400 Gb/s Ethernet Task Force". https://www.ieee802.org/3/bs/.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 "Objectives". IEEE 802.3bs Task Force. Mar 2014. http://www.ieee802.org/3/bs/Objectives_14_0320.pdf.
25. ↑ "100 m MMF draft proposal". http://www.ieee802.org/3/bs/public/14_11/king_3bs_02a_1114.pdf.
26. ↑ "400GBase-SR16 draft specifications". http://www.ieee802.org/3/bs/public/14_05/king_3bs_01a_0514.pdf.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 "IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Working Group Liaison letter to ITU-T Questions 6/15 and 11/15". http://www.ieee802.org/3/bs/public/15_07/trowbridge_3bs_03_0715.pdf.
28. ↑ "400G-PSM4: A Proposal for the 500 m Objective using 100 Gbit/s per Lane Signaling". http://www.ieee802.org/3/bs/public/15_01/welch_3bs_01a_0115.pdf.100+Gbit/s+per+Lane+Signaling&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http://www.ieee802.org/3/bs/public/15_01/welch_3bs_01a_0115.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Terabit_Ethernet">
29. ↑ "400 Gb/s 8x50G PAM4 WDM 2km SMF PMD Baseline Specifications". http://www.ieee802.org/3/bs/public/15_07/cole_3bs_01a_0715.pdf.
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Baseline Proposal for 8 x 50G NRZ for 400GbE 2 km and 10 km PMD". http://www.ieee802.org/3/bs/public/15_01/kojima_3bs_01a_0115.pdf.
31. ↑ "400 GbE technical draft specifications". http://www.ieee802.org/3/bs/public/15_05/ghiasi_3bs_01b_0515.pdf.
32. ↑ IEEE 802.3 NGOATH SG Adopted Changes to 802.3bs Project Objectives Updated by IEEE 802.3 NGOATH Study Group, Mar 16, 2016, IEEE 802 Mar 2016 Plenary, Macau, China.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 "IEEE 802.3bs 200/400 Gb/s Ethernet (Standards Informant)". http://blog.siemon.com/standards/category/ieee/httpblog-siemon-comstandardsp941.
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Adopted Objectives". http://www.ieee802.org/3/cn/proj_doc/3cn_Objectives_181113.pdf.
35. ↑ "Approved Objectives". https://www.ieee802.org/3/cu/Objectives_Approved_Sept_2019.pdf.
36. ↑ "IEEE P802.3cw Adopted Objectives". http://www.ieee802.org/3/cw/proj_doc/3cw_Objectives_190911.pdf.
37. ↑ "Review of Decisions in P802.3ct related to P802.3cw". https://www.ieee802.org/3/ct/public/tf_interim/20_0227/dambrosia_3cw_01_200227.pdf.
38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Charles E. Spurgeon (2014). Ethernet: The Definitive Guide (2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-1-4493-6184-6.
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 39.5 39.6 "Exploring The IEEE 802 Ethernet Ecosystem". IEEE. 2017-06-04. https://www.ieee.li/pdf/viewgraphs/exploring_the_ieee_802_ethernet_ecosystem.pdf.
40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 "Multi-Port Implementations of 50/100/200GbE". Brocade. 2016-05-22. http://www.ieee802.org/3/cd/public/May16/kipp_3cd_01a_0516.pdf.
41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 "100Gb/s Electrical Signaling". IEEE 802.3 NEA Ad hoc. https://ieee802.org/3/ad_hoc/ngrates/public/17_03/goergen_nea_01a_0317.pdf.
42. ↑ Nowell, Mark. "400G-FR4 Technical Specification". 100G Lambda MSA Group. http://100glambda.com/specifications/summary/2-specifications/7-400g-fr4-technical-spec-d2p0.
43. ↑ Nowell, Mark. "400G-LR4-10 Technical Specification". 100G Lambda MSA Group. http://100glambda.com/specifications/summary/2-specifications/10-400g-lr4-10-technical-spec-rev1-0.

## Further reading

* Chris Jablonski. "Researchers to develop 1 Terabit Ethernet by 2015". ZD Net. http://www.zdnet.com/blog/emergingtech/researchers-to-develop-1-terabit-ethernet-by-2015/2397.
* Iljitsch van Beijnum (August 2011). "Speed matters: how Ethernet went from 3 Mbps to 100 Gbps... and beyond". https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2011/07/ethernet-how-does-it-work.ars/1.
* Rick Merritt (May 9, 2011). "IEEE Looks beyond 100G Ethernet". The Cutting Edge. http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=52002&pageid=28&pagename=Sci-Tech.
* Stephen Lawson (February 2, 2010). "Facebook Sees Need for Terabit Ethernet". PC World. https://www.pcworld.com/article/188412/facebook_sees_need_for_terabit_ethernet.html. Retrieved December 15, 2011. * IEEE Reports
* D'Ambrosia, John (March 2010). "100 gigabit Ethernet and beyond [Commentary]". IEEE Communications Magazine 48 (3): S6–S13. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2010.5434372. ISSN 0163-6804.
* Elby, Stuart (July 2011). "The drive towards Terabit Ethernet". 2011 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series. pp. 104–105. doi:10.1109/PHOSST.2011.6000067. ISBN 978-1-4244-5730-4.
* Detwiler, Thomas; Stark, Andrew; Basch, Bert; Ralph, Stephen E. (July 2011). "DQPSK for Terabit Ethernet in the 1310 nm band". 2011 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series. pp. 143–144. doi:10.1109/PHOSST.2011.6000087. ISBN 978-1-4244-5730-4.

## External links

* West, John (April 3, 2009). "Terabit Ethernet on the way". insideHPC. http://insidehpc.com/2009/04/03/terabit-ethernet-on-the-way/.
* Mellor, Chris (February 15, 2009). "Terabit Ethernet possibilities". The Register. https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/02/16/terabit_ethernet_optics/.
* Wang, Brian (April 24, 2008). "Terabit Ethernet around 2015". http://nextbigfuture.com/2008/04/terabit-ethernet-around-2015.html.
* Duffy, Jim (April 20, 2009). "100 Gigabit Ethernet: Bridge to Terabit Ethernet". Network World. http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/042009-terabit-ethernet.html.
* Fleishman, Glenn (February 13, 2009). "Terabit Ethernet becomes a photonic possibility". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. https://arstechnica.com/science/news/2009/02/terabit-ethernet-becomes-a-photonic-possibility.ars.
* "IEEE GET Program - GET 802(R) Standards". IEEE Standards Association. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page/series?id=68.

* v
* t
* e

Ethernet family of local area network technologies

Speeds|

* 10 Mbit/s
* 100 Mbit/s
* 1 Gbit/s
* 2.5 and 5 Gbit/s
* 10 Gbit/s
* 25 and 50 Gbit/s
* 40 and 100 Gbit/s
* 200 and 400 Gbit/s

General|

* Physical layer
* Autonegotiation
* EtherType
* Flow control
* Frames
* Jumbos

Organizations|

* IEEE 802.3
* Ethernet Alliance

Media|

* Twisted pair
* Coaxial
* First mile
* 10G-EPON

Historic|

* CSMA/CD
* StarLAN
* 10BROAD36
* 10BASE-FB
* 10BASE-FL
* 10BASE5
* 10BASE2
* FOIRL
* 100BaseVG
* LattisNet
* Long Reach

Applications|

* Audio
* Carrier
* Data center
* Energy Efficiency
* Industrial
* Metro
* Power
* Synchronous

Transceivers|

* MAU
* GBIC
* SFP/SFP+/QSFP/QSFP+/OSFP
* XENPAK
* XFP
* CFP

Interfaces|

* AUI
* MDI
* MII
* GMII
* XGMII
* XAUI

* Category
* Commons

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