Ear candling

Short description: Alternative medicine practice for ear cleaning

Attempting the procedure

This article is part of a series on

Alternative and pseudo‑medicine

General information

* Alternative medicine
* Alternative veterinary medicine
* Quackery (Health fraud)
* History of alternative medicine
* Rise of modern medicine
* Pseudoscience
* Antiscience
* Skepticism
* Skeptical movement
* National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
* Terminology of alternative medicine

Fringe medicine and science

* Acupressure
* Acupuncture
* Anthroposophic medicine
* Apitherapy
* Applied kinesiology
* Aromatherapy
* Auriculotherapy
* Bach flower remedies
* Bates method
* Biorhythm
* Black salve
* Bodywork
* Bonesetter
* Bowen technique
* Breathwork
* Camel urine
* Cow urine
* Cancer treatments
* Greek cancer cure
* Charcoal cleanse
* Chiropractic
* Chiropractic treatment techniques
* Vertebral subluxation
* Christian Science
* Chromotherapy
* Colon cleansing
* Coffee enema
* Colorpuncture
* Craniosacral therapy
* Crystal healing
* Cupping therapy
* Detoxification
* Foot baths
* Duesberg hypothesis
* Ear candling
* Energy medicine
* Esoteric energy
* Therapeutic touch
* Facilitated communication
* Feldenkrais Method
* Functional medicine
* Hair analysis
* Herbal medicine
* Holistic dentistry
* Hologram bracelet
* Homeopathy
* Biological terrain assessment
* Hypnotherapy
* Iridology
* Ionized jewelry
* Lightning Process
* Lymphotherapy
* Medical intuitive
* Mesmerism
* Magnet therapy
* Manual therapy
* Megavitamin therapy
* Mind–body interventions
* MMS
* Myofascial release
* NAET
* Naturopathy
* Oil pulling
* Orgone
* Orthomolecular medicine
* Orthopathy
* Osteomyology
* Osteopathy
* Parapsychology
* Phrenology
* Psychic surgery
* Psychodermatology
* Radionics
* Rapid prompting method
* RBOP
* Reiki
* Reflexology
* Rolfing
* Scientific racism
* ThetaHealing
* Thought Field Therapy
* Urine therapy
* Urophagia
* Vaginal steaming
* Vision therapy
* Vitalism
* Young blood transfusion
* Zero balancing

Conspiracy theories

* Anti-fluoridation/Water fluoridation movement
* Anti-vaccination
* Vaccines causing autism
* Big Pharma conspiracy theory
* GMO conspiracy theories
* HIV/AIDS denialism
* Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
* OPV AIDS hypothesis

Classifications

* Allopathic medicine
* Alternative medical systems
* Mind–body intervention
* Biologically-based therapy
* Manipulative methods
* Energy therapy

Traditional medicine

* African
* Muti
* South African
* Ayurveda
* Ayurvedic acupressure
* Dosha
* Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health
* Balneotherapy
* Brazilian
* Bush medicine
* Cambodian
* Chinese
* Blood stasis
* Chinese herbology
* Dit Da
* Gua sha
* Gill plate trade
* Meridian
* Moxibustion
* Pressure point
* Qi
* San Jiao
* Tui na
* Zang-fu
* Chumash
* Curandero
* Faith healing
* Iranian
* Jamu
* Kambo
* Japanese
* Korean
* Mien Shiang
* Mongolian
* Prophetic medicine
* Shamanism
* Shiatsu
* Siddha
* Sri Lankan
* Thai massage
* Tibetan
* Unani
* Vietnamese

Diagnoses

* Adrenal fatigue
* Aerotoxic syndrome
* Autistic enterocolitis
* Candida hypersensitivity
* Chronic Lyme disease
* Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
* Heavy legs
* Leaky gut syndrome
* Multiple chemical sensitivity
* Wilson's temperature syndrome
* Wind turbine syndrome

* v
* t
* e

Ear candling, also called ear coning or thermal-auricular therapy, is a pseudoscientific[1] alternative medicine practice claiming to improve general health and well-being by lighting one end of a hollow candle and placing the other end in the ear canal. Medical research has shown that the practice is both dangerous and ineffective[2] and does not functionally remove earwax or toxicants, despite product design contributing to that impression.[3]

## Contents

* 1 Safety and effectiveness
* 2 Procedure
* 2.1 Conventional removal of earwax
* 3 Product regulations
* 4 Origin
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Safety and effectiveness

Edzard Ernst wrote about ear candles and said "There is no data to suggest that it is effective for any condition. Furthermore, ear candles have been associated with ear injuries. The inescapable conclusion is that ear candles do more harm than good. Their use should be discouraged."[4][5]

According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ear candling is sometimes promoted with claims that the practice can "purify the blood" or "cure" cancer. Health Canada has determined the candles have no effect on the ear, and no health benefit; instead they create risk of injury, especially when used on children.[6] In October 2007, US FDA issued an alert identifying ear candles (also known as ear cones or auricular candles) as "dangerous to health when used in the dosage or manner, or with the frequency or duration, prescribed, recommended, or suggested in the labeling thereof ... since the use of a lit candle in the proximity of a person's face would carry a high risk of causing potentially severe skin/hair burns and middle ear damage."[7]

A 2007 paper in the journal Canadian Family Physician concludes:

> Ear candling appears to be popular and is heavily advertised with claims that could seem scientific to lay people. However, its claimed mechanism of action has not been verified, no positive clinical effect has been reliably recorded, and it is associated with considerable risk. No evidence suggests that ear candling is an effective treatment for any condition. On this basis, we believe it can do more harm than good and we recommend that GPs discourage its use.[8]

A 2007 paper in American Family Physician said:

> Ear candling also should be avoided. Ear candling is a practice in which a hollow candle is inserted into the external auditory canal and lit, with the patient lying on the opposite ear. In theory, the combination of heat and suction is supposed to remove earwax. However, in one trial, ear candles neither created suction nor removed wax and actually led to occlusion with candle wax in persons who previously had clean ear canals. Primary care physicians may see complications from ear candling including candle wax occlusion, local burns, and tympanic membrane perforation.[9]

Material appearing after ear candling is actually residue from the candle itself.

The Spokane Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic conducted a research study in 1996 which concluded that ear candling does not produce negative pressure and was ineffective in removing wax from the ear canal.[2] Several studies have shown that ear candles produce the same residue when burnt without ear insertion and that the residue is simply candle wax and soot.[2][10][11]

(As of 2008), there are at least two cases in which people have set their houses on fire while ear candling, one of which resulted in death.[12]

A survey of ear, nose and throat surgeons found some who had treated people with complications from ear candling, and that burns were the most common.[13]

## Procedure

One end of a cylinder or cone of waxed cloth is lit, and the other is placed into the subject's ear. The flame is cut back occasionally with scissors and extinguished between five and ten centimeters (two to four inches) from the subject.

The subject is lying on one side with the treated ear uppermost and the candle vertical. The candle can be stuck through a paper plate or aluminium pie tin to protect against any hot wax or ash falling onto the subject. Another way to perform ear candling involves the subject lying face up with the ear candle extending out to the side with a forty-five-degree upward slant. A dish of water is placed next to the subject under the ear candle.

Proponents claim that the flame creates negative pressure, drawing wax and debris out of the ear canal,[14] which appears as a dark residue.

An ear candling session lasts up to one hour, during which one or two ear candles may be burned for each ear.

Treatment is also performed by some naturopaths in Canada, although import and sale are prohibited by Health Canada. Jonathan Jarry from the Office for Science and Society says that the Association des naturopathes agréés du Québec (ANAQ) states in its code of ethics that "its members can only use natural health products that conform to the rule of Health Canada". Results from an inquiry performed by Jarry showed that out of 50 naturopaths in Quebec, two offered the treatment and five said the consumer should buy the candles and do it himself. Only one said that the use of ear candles is unethical.[15]

### Conventional removal of earwax

The conventional removal of earwax in medicine is done through an apparatus which creates a vacuum with which a doctor can remove excess earwax through suction. If the patient has a skin problem or the earwax is too sticky, an oil can be used to solubilise it so that excess earwax can be wiped off without inserting any object into the ear canal such as a cotton swab, which can damage the ear canal.[15]

## Product regulations

In Europe, some ear candles bear the CE mark (93/42/EEC), though they are mostly self-issued by the manufacturer. This mark indicates that the device is designed and manufactured so as not to compromise the safety of patients, but no independent testing is required as proof.[16]

While ear candles are widely available in the US, selling or importing them with medical claims is illegal. This means that one cannot market ear candles as products that "Diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent any disease".[7]

In a report, Health Canada states "There is no scientific proof to support claims that ear candling provides medical benefits. ... However, there is plenty of proof that ear candling is dangerous". It says that while some people claim to be selling the candles "for entertainment purposes only", the Canadian government maintains that there is no reasonable non-medical use, and hence any sale of the devices is illegal in Canada .[17][18]

In a paper published by Edzard Ernst in the Journal of Laryngology & Otology, the cost of practicing ear candling according to the recommended frequency of use is estimated. As each candles costs United States dollar 3.15 (adjusted for inflation), the annual cost of the treatment would amount to US$982.00 (also adjusted for inflation). The author calls the continued practice of the treatment "a triumph of ignorance over science ... or perhaps a triumph of commercial interests over medical reasoning."[19]

## Origin

Although Biosun, a manufacturer of ear candles, refers to them as "Hopi" ear candles, there is no such treatment within traditional Hopi healing practices. Vanessa Charles, public relations officer for the Hopi Tribal Council, has stated that ear candling "is not and has never been a practice conducted by the Hopi tribe or the Hopi people."[18] The Hopi tribe has repeatedly asked Biosun, the manufacturer of "Hopi Ear Candles", to stop using the Hopi name.[20] Biosun ignored the request for over a decade until sometime after 2014[21] when the product was rebranded as "traditional earcandles" in Germany although the product is still marketed by third-party US resellers as "Hopi".

Many advocates of ear candles claim that the treatment originates from traditional Chinese, Egyptian, or North American medicine. The mythical city of Atlantis is also reported to be the origin of this practice.[22]

## See also

* Ear pick
* List of ineffective cancer treatments

## References

1. ↑ Shenk, Heather L.; Dancer, Jess (December 12, 2005). "Ear Candling: A Fool Proof Method, or Proof of Foolish Methods? Heather L. Shenk Jess Dancer" (in en). https://www.audiologyonline.com/articles/ear-candling-fool-proof-method-1010.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Seely, D.R.; Quigley, S.M.; Langman, A.W. (1996). "Ear candles: Efficacy and safety". Laryngoscope 106 (10): 1226–9. doi:10.1097/00005537-199610000-00010. PMID 8849790.
3. ↑ Beatty M.D., Charles W.. "Ear Candling: Is it Safe?". Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/consumer-health/expert-answers/ear-candling/faq-20058212.
4. ↑ Edzard Ernst (2004). "Ear candles: a triumph of ignorance over science". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 118 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1258/002221504322731529. PMID 14979962.
5. ↑ Singh, S.; Ernzt, E. (2008). Trick or Treatment: Alternative medicine on trial. Bantam Press.
6. ↑ Food and Drug Administration, ed. "Don't Get Burned: Stay Away From Ear Candles". WebMD. http://www.webmd.com/fda/stay-away-ear-candles.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Detention Without Physical Examination of Ear Candles". https://www.fda.gov/ora/fiars/ora_import_ia7701.html.
8. ↑ J. Rafferty; MB CHB; A. Tsikoudas; FRCS DLO; B.C. Davis; FRCS ED (1 December 2007). "Ear candling: Should general practitioners recommend it?". Can Fam Physician 53 (12): 2121–2. PMID 18077749.
9. ↑ McCarter, et al. Cerumen Impaction American Family Physician, May 15, 2007
10. ↑ "The Straight Dope: How do "ear candles" work?". 1995. http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a5_098.html.
11. ↑ "Listen up: Beware of the 'ear candle'". CBC Marketplace. 2002-02-22. http://www.cbc.ca/marketplace/pre-2007/files/health/earcandle/index.html.
12. ↑ Joe Schwartz (30 August 2008). "Don't put a candle in your ear and save $25". Montreal: Montreal Gazette. p. I11. http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/columnists/story.html?id=a124f47e-ba20-482e-8acf-3e772e868e4f.
13. ↑ Holloway, R (1997-04-01). "Ear candles – Efficacy and safety: Seely DR, Quigley SM, Langman AW. Laryngoscope 106:1226, 1996". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 55 (4): 431. doi:10.1016/S0278-2391(97)90150-6.
14. ↑ Phylameana lila Desy. "Ear Candling:Why Would You Want to Candle Your Ears?". About.com. http://healing.about.com/cs/holistictherapies/a/earcandling.htm.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Jarry, Jonathan (Director) (September 3, 2019). The Strange Case of the Illegal Ear Candle (Motion picture). The Body of Evidence. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
16. ↑ Goldacre, Ben (2004-03-04). "Waxing sceptical". The Guardian. http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/research/story/0,,1161248,00.html.
17. ↑ "It's your health: Ear Candling". Health Canada. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/alt_formats/pacrb-dgapcr/pdf/iyh-vsv/med/ear-oreille-eng.pdf.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Bromstein, Elizabeth (13 January 2005). "Wax on, wax off: Does candling clear canal or burn it?". Now. http://www.nowtoronto.com/lifestyle/story.cfm?content=145396&archive=24,20,2005.
19. ↑ Ernst, Edzard (2004-01-01). "Ear candles: a triumph of ignorance over science". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 118 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1258/002221504322731529. ISSN 1748-5460. PMID 14979962. http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0022215104000015.
20. ↑ "Authenticity of the Hopi Candle". Active Health. 2004-03-02. http://freespace.virgin.net/ahcare.qua/programme/earcandling.html#authenticity. "The Hopi Cultural Preservation Office is not aware of Hopi people ever practicing 'Ear Candling.' Biosun and Revital Ltd. are misrepresenting the name 'Hopi' with their products. This therapy should not be called 'Hopi Ear Candeling.' [sic] The history of Ear Candeling [sic] should not refer to being used by the Hopi Tribe. Use of this false information with reference to Hopi should be stopped."
21. ↑ "Hopi Ear Candles". Biosun. http://en.biosun.com/ohrkerze/. Claims have varied, including "The Hopi, the oldest Pueblo people with great medicinal knowledge and a high degree of spirituality, brought this knowledge to Europe with the professional involvement of BIOSUN" and "BIOSUN Earcandles have their origins in the century-old culture of the Hopi Indians and other cultures."
22. ↑ Roazen (M.D.), Lisa (2010-05-12). "Why Ear Candling Is Not a Good Idea". Quackwatch. http://www.quackwatch.com/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/candling.html.

## External links

* Horowitz, Janice M. (June 19, 2000). "Ear Candling". Time (magazine) .

* v
* t
* e

Pseudoscience

Terminology|

* Cargo cult science
* Charlatan
* Crank
* Fringe theory
* Fringe science
* Pseudoarchaeology
* Pseudohistory
* Junk science
* Paranormal
* Pathological science
* Quackery
* Snake oil
* Superseded scientific theory
* True-believer syndrome
* Voodoo Science

Topics
characterized as
pseudoscience|

* 2012 phenomenon
* Acupuncture
* Adrenal fatigue
* Alchemy
* Alternative medicine
* Ancient astronauts
* Anthroposophic medicine
* Applied kinesiology
* Aquatic ape hypothesis
* Astrology
* Bates method
* Biodynamic agriculture
* Bloodletting
* Body memory
* Catastrophism
* Chiropractic
* Chromotherapy
* Conspiracy theory
* 9/11 conspiracy theories
* Chemtrail conspiracy theory
* Climate change denial
* Moon landing conspiracy theories
* Conversion therapy
* Creation science
* Cryonics
* Cryptozoology
* Crystal healing
* Detoxification
* Colon cleansing
* Dianetics
* Doctrine of signatures
* Doktor Koster's Antigaspills
* Dowsing
* Ear candling
* Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
* Electronic voice phenomenon
* Eugenics
* Facilitated communication
* Feng shui
* Flat Earth theory
* Germ theory denialism
* Graphology
* HIV/AIDS denialism
* Hollow Earth theory
* Homeopathy
* Humorism
* Indigo children
* Intelligent design
* Japhetic theory
* Levitation
* Lunar effect
* Lysenkoism
* Magnet therapy
* Mediumship
* Naturopathy
* Nazi archaeology
* Nibiru cataclysm
* Numerology
* Orgone
* Palmistry
* Perpetual motion
* Phrenology
* Polygraph
* Primal therapy
* Pseudoarchaeology
* Pseudohistory
* Genocide denial
* Historical negationism
* Holocaust denial
* Pseudoscientific metrology
* Psychohistory
* Quantum mysticism
* Rapid prompting method
* Recovered-memory therapy
* Reiki
* Scientific racism
* Aryan race
* Melanin theory
* Trepanning
* Ufology
* Vertebral subluxation
* Voice stress analysis
* Water memory
* Cowpathy

Promoters of pseudoscience|

* Andrew Wakefield
* Deepak Chopra
* Gaia, Inc.
* Goop (company)
* Jenny McCarthy
* Mehmet Oz
* William Donald Kelley

Related topics|

* Bourgeois pseudoscience
* Demarcation problem
* Scientific method
* Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
* Traditional medicine

Resources|

* Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
* Cults of Unreason
* Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
* Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
* Quackwatch
* JREF
* The Psychology of the Occult
* The Ragged Edge of Science
* The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
* Skeptical Inquirer
* The Skeptic's Dictionary

List of topics characterized as pseudoscience

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear candling. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Unsolved:Ear_candling&oldid=3265700"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template