List of cryptids

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Cryptids are animals that cryptozoologists believe may exist somewhere in the wild, but whose present existence is disputed or unsubstantiated by science. Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience, which primarily looks at anecdotal stories, and other claims rejected by the scientific community. While biologists regularly identify new species following established scientific methodology, cryptozoologists focus on entities mentioned in the folklore record and rumor. Entities that may be considered cryptids by cryptozoologists include Bigfoot, Yeti, the chupacabra, the Jersey Devil, the Loch Ness Monster, and the Mokele-mbembe.

Scholars have noted that the cryptozoology subculture rejected mainstream approaches from an early date, and that adherents often express hostility to mainstream science. Scholars have studied cryptozoologists and their influence (including the pseudoscience's association with Young Earth creationism),[1][2] noted parallels in cryptozoology and other pseudosciences such as ghost hunting and ufology, and highlighted uncritical media propagation of cryptozoologist claims.

## Contents

* 1 List
* 1.1 Aquatic or semi-aquatic
* 1.2 Terrestrial
* 1.2.1 Hominid
* 1.3 Flying
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 3.1 Bibliography
* 4 External links

## List

### Aquatic or semi-aquatic

Name  | Other Names  | Description  | Purported Location  | Depiction

|
|
|
|

Cadborosaurus {{{2}}}

[3]

| Caddy  | Sea animal  | Pacific Coast of North America  |
Champ[4] | Champy  | Lake monster  | Lake Champlain, North America  |
Cryptid Whales[5][6] | Giglioli's Whale, Rhinoceros dolphin, High-finned sperm whale, Alula whale, Unidentified beaked whales  | Sea animal  | Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean  |
Dobhar-chú[7] | Water Hound, King Otter  | Extra-large otter-like carnivorous aquatic mammal  | Ireland  |
Gloucester sea serpent[8] |  | Large serpent  | Gloucester, Cape Ann  |
Iemisch[9] | Iemisch Listai  | Mix of a jaguar and otter  | Patagonia |
Kempenfelt Kelly  | Lake monster  | Lake Simcoe, Ontario (Canada)  |
Issie | Lake monster  | Japan  |
Labynkyr Devil[10][11][12] | Lake monster  | Oymyakonsky Ulus, Sakha Republic, Russia  |
Loch Ness Monster[13] | Nessie  | Lake monster  | Loch Ness, Scotland  |
Loveland Frog[14] | Loveland frogman, Loveland lizard  | Humanoid frog  | Loveland, Ohio  |
Lusca[15] |  | Blue holes in the Bahamas  |
| Lake monster  | South Africa
Winnipogo  | Lake monster  | Lake Manitoba, Canada  |
Megalodon[15] | Otodus megalodon  | Giant Shark  | Oceans  |
Mokele-mbembe[16] |  | Dinosaur (lake, river and/or swamp monster)  | Republic of the Congo  |
Ogopogo[4] | N'ha•a•itk, Naitaka  | Lake monster  | Lake Okanagan, Canada  |
Sea serpents[17] |  | Sea animals, dinosaurs  | All bodies of water  |
Selma[citation needed] | Seljordsormen  | Lake monster  | Lake Seljord, Telemark, Norway |

Steller's sea ape[18] |  | Sea animal  | Pacific Ocean  |

### Terrestrial

Name  | Other names  | Description  | Purported location  | Depiction

|
|
|
|

British big cats[19] | Alien big cats (ABCs), phantom cats, mystery cats, England lions,
Beast of Bodmin, Beast of Exmoor | Carnivorous mammal  | Great Britain  |
Bukit Timah Monkey Man[20] | BTM, BTMM  | Forest-dwelling hominid or other primate | Singapore |
Chupacabra[21] | Chupacabras (Spanish for goat-sucker)  |  | Puerto Rico (originally),
South and Central America,
Southern North America  |
Dover Demon[22] |  |  | Dover, Massachusetts  |
Eastern Cougar[23] |  |  | Eastern United States  |
Lizard Man of Scape Ore Swamp[24] | Lizard Man of Lee County  | Bipedal  | South Carolina, United States  |
Malagasy hippo[25] | Malagasy pygmy hippopotamus, Madagascan pygmy hippopotamus, kilopilopitsofy, tsy-aomby-aomby, omby-rano, laloumena, mangarsahoc  | Hippo  | Madagascar  |
Mapinguari[26] | Mapinguary  | Giant Ground Sloth or primate  | Amazons  |
Michigan Dogman[27] |  | Humanoid dog | Wexford County, Michigan  |
Minhocão[citation needed] | Big Earthworm  | Caecilian | South America  |
Moa[28] |  | Flightless bird  | New Zealand  |
Mongolian death worm[29] | Allghoi (or orghoi) khorkhoi  | Worm-like animal  | Gobi Desert (Asia)  |
Nandi bear[30] | Chemosit, Kerit, Koddoelo, Ngoelo, Ngoloko, Duba  | Large carnivore  | Eastern Africa  |
Queensland Tiger[31] | Yarri  | Large feline  | Queensland  |
Thylacine[32][33] | Tasmanian Tiger, Tasmanian Wolf  | Marsupial  | Australia, New Guinea  |
Zanzibar leopard[34] |  | Large feline  | Zanzibar  |

#### Hominid

Name  | Other names  | Description  | Purported location  | Depiction

|
|
|
|

Almas[4] | Abnauayu, almasty, albasty, bekk-bok,
biabin-guli, golub-yavan, gul-biavan, auli-avan,
kaptar, kra-dhun, ksy-giik, ksy-gyik, ochokochi,
mirygdy, mulen, voita, wind-man, Zana  | Non-human ape or hominid | Asia/Caucasus |
Amomongo[35] | Orang Mawas, Impakta  | Ape or hominid | Negros Occidental, Philippines  |
Barmanu, Big Hairy One  | Ape or hominid | Middle East/Asia  |
Bigfoot[36] | Sasquatch  | Large and hairy ape-like creature  | United States and Canada  |
Capelobo[37] |  | Humanoid anteater monster  | Brazil |
Chuchunya[38] |  | Large hominid | Russia
Fouke Monster[39] | Jonesville Monster, Southern Sasquatch, Boggy Creek Monster  | Hominid or other primate | Arkansas, United States  |
Grey alien[40] | Cryptoterrestrial, Majeena', Wandjina  | Humanoid creature associated with UFO abductions and close encounters, interpreted as a terrestrial hidden race within the framework of the cryptoterrestrial hypothesis | Brazil, Mount Rainier, Mount Shasta, and Antarctica in Nazi UFO conspiracy lore |  |
Honey Island Swamp monster[41] | Letiche, Tainted Keitre  | Hominid or other primate | Louisiana, United States  |
Orang Pendek |  | Small hominid  | Sumatra  |
Nittaewo[42] | Nittevo  | Small hominids  | Sri Lanka  |
Skunk ape[43] | Stink Ape, Myakka Ape, Myakka Skunk Ape  | Primate | Florida, United States  |
Yeren[44][43] | Yiren, Yeh Ren, Chinese Wildman  | Primate (possible hominin)  | China  |
Yeti[45] | Abominable Snowman  | Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptions  | Himalayas (Asia)  |
Yowie[42] |  | Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptions  | Australia  |

### Flying

Name  | Other names  | Description  | Purported location  | Depiction

|
|
|
|

Jersey Devil[13] | Leeds Devil  | Winged bipedal horse | United States, mainly the South Jersey Pine Barrens, as well as other parts of New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania  |
Mothman[46] | Winged Man, Bird Man, UFO-Bird, Mason Bird Monster  | Winged bipedal  | Mason County, West Virginia, United States  |
Rod[47] | Skyfish, Air Rod, Solar Entity  | Small flying stick-like creatures  | Worldwide  |
Ropen[48] |  | Large bat-like creature or pterosaur | New Guinea  |
Thunderbird[49][50] |  | Giant bird  | North America  |

## See also

* Animalia Paradoxa
* Fearsome critters
* Legendary creature
* List of cryptozoologists
* Lists of legendary creatures
* List of megafauna discovered in modern times
* List of urban legends

## References

1. ↑ Hill, Sharon A. (2017). Scientifical Americans: The Culture of Amateur Paranormal Researchers. McFarland. p. 66. ISBN 9781476630823.
2. ↑ Card, Jeb J. (2016). "Steampunk Inquiry: A Comparative Vivisection of Discovery Pseudoscience". Lost City, Found Pyramid: Understanding Alternative Archaeologies and Pseudoscientific Practices. University of Alabama Press. p. 32. ISBN 9780817319113. "Creationists have embraced cryptozoology and some cryptozoological expeditions are funded by and conducted by creationists hoping to disprove evolution."
3. ↑ Loxton & Prothero 2013, pp. 261–295.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Shermer, Michael; Linse, Pat (November 2002). The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 72. ISBN 9781576076538. https://books.google.com/books?id=Gr4snwg7iaEC&pg=PA72.
5. ↑ Mörzer Bruyns, W. F. J. (1971). Field guide of whales and dolphins. Rivonverhandeling. Tor. pp. 124–125. ISBN 978-90-70055-09-7
6. ↑ Cetaceans with two dorsal fins
7. ↑ "Ireland's hound of deep - Dobhar Chu". Irish Central News. https://www.irishcentral.com/irelands-hound-of-the-deep-dobhar-chu.
8. ↑ Nicaise, Alexander (2019-09-05). "Gloucester Sea-Serpent Mystery: Solved after Two Centuries | Skeptical Inquirer" (in en-US). https://skepticalinquirer.org/2019/09/gloucester-sea-serpent-mystery-solved-after-two-centuries/.
9. ↑ Gilmore, David D. (2003). Monsters : evil beings, mythical beasts, and all manner of imaginary terrors. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0322-6. OCLC 802059457. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/802059457.
10. ↑ Lallanilla, Marc (4 February 2013). "Reports Surface of Monster Lurking in Russian Lake". Live Science. https://www.livescience.com/26836-lake-labynkyr-devil-vorota-monster.html.
11. ↑ "Divers preparing for icy waters of Russia's 'Loch Ness'". The Siberian Times. 5 March 2014. https://siberiantimes.com/other/others/features/divers-preparing-for-icy-waters-of-russias-loch-ness/.
12. ↑ "Meet the creature found by divers in Russia's Loch Ness, famed for legends of monsters". The Siberian Times. 21 April 2014. https://siberiantimes.com/other/others/features/meet-the-creature-found-by-divers-in-russias-loch-ness-famed-for-legends-of-monsters/.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Velasquez, S.J. (31 October 2015). "The monster you should never find". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20151029-the-monster-you-should-never-find.
14. ↑ Haupt, R. (30 June 2015). "Skeptoid #473: The Loveland Frog". https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4473.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Guimont, Edward (2021-10-05). "The Megalodon: A Monster of the New Mythology" (in en). M/C Journal 24 (5). doi:10.5204/mcj.2793. ISSN 1441-2616. https://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/view/2793.
16. ↑ Loxton & Prothero 2013, pp. 187–188.
17. ↑ Loxton & Prothero 2013, pp. 228–326.
18. ↑ Nickell, Joe (Winter 2016–2017). "Steller's Sea Ape: Identifying an Eighteenth-Century Cryptid". Skeptical Briefs (Committee for Skeptical Inquiry) 26 (4). https://www.csicop.org/sb/show/stellers_sea_ape_identifying_an_eighteenth-century_cryptid.
19. ↑ "Fantastic Cryptids And Where To Find Them". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/duncanmadden/2018/11/16/fantastic-cryptids-and-where-to-find-them/#6b1949ed1d99.
20. ↑ "On the hunt for the elusive Bukit Timah Monkey Man". Channel NewsAsia. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/lifestyle/on-the-hunt-for-the-elusive-bukit-timah-monkey-man-9816486.
21. ↑ Regal, Brian (15 October 2009). Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia: A Critical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-35508-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=c6PACQAAQBAJ.
22. ↑ Sullivan, Mark (29 October 2006). "Decades later, the Dover Demon still haunts". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/10/29/decades_later_the_dover_demon_still_haunts.
23. ↑ "Skeptoid: Anatomy of a Real Cryptid Case". https://skeptoid.com/blog/2012/11/15/anatomy-of-a-real-cryptid-case/.
24. ↑ Laycock, Joseph P. (11 July 2018). "A Search for Mysteries and Monsters in Small Town America" (in en). https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/monster-festival-pilgrimage-small-town-america-180969568/.
25. ↑ Burney, David A.; Ramilisonina (December 1998). "The Kilopilopitsofy, Kidoky, and Bokyboky: Accounts of Strange Animals from Belo-sur-mer, Madagascar, and the Megafaunal "Extinction Window"" (in en). American Anthropologist 100 (4): 957–966. doi:10.1525/aa.1998.100.4.957. ISSN 0002-7294. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1525/aa.1998.100.4.957.
26. ↑ "Twilight of the mammoths: Ice Age extinctions and the rewilding of America". Choice Reviews Online 43 (8): 43–4679-43-4679. 2006-04-01. doi:10.5860/choice.43-4679. ISSN 0009-4978. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.43-4679.
27. ↑ Hudson, Alison (28 July 2015). "Skeptoid #477: Wag the Dogman". https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4477.
28. ↑ kreidler, Marc (2017-05-26). "The New Zealand Moa: From Extinct Bird to Cryptid | Skeptical Inquirer" (in en-US). https://skepticalinquirer.org/newsletter/the-new-zealand-moa-from-extinct-bird-to-cryptid/.
29. ↑ "Mongolian Death Worm: Elusive Legend of the Gobi Desert" (in en). 2014-06-21. https://www.livescience.com/46450-mongolian-death-worm.html.
30. ↑ Simpson, George Gaylord (1984). "Mammals and Cryptozoology". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 128 (1): 1–19. ISSN 0003-049X. https://www.jstor.org/stable/986487.
31. ↑ Smith, Malcolm (1996). Bunyips & bigfoots : in search of Australia's mystery animals. Alexandria, NSW: Millennium Books. ISBN 1-86429-081-1. OCLC 36719441. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36719441.
32. ↑ Loxton, Daniel (2013). Abominable science! : origins of the Yeti, Nessie, and other famous cryptids. Donald R. Prothero. New York. ISBN 978-0-231-52681-4. OCLC 854902238. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/854902238.
33. ↑ "Cryptids and credulity: The Zanzibar leopard and other imaginary beings", Anthropology and Cryptozoology (New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Multispecies: Routledge): pp. 70–106, 2016-11-03, doi:10.4324/9781315567297-11, ISBN 9781315567297, http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315567297-11, retrieved 2023-09-09
34. ↑ "The Zanzibar Leopard Between Science and Cryptozoology | PDF | Panthera | Organisms" (in en). https://www.scribd.com/document/14568104/The-Zanzibar-Leopard-between-Science-and-Cryptozoology.
35. ↑ "'Amomongo' frightens villagers in Negros". ABS-CBN News. http://news.abs-cbn.com/classified-odd/06/16/08/amomongo-frightens-villagers-negros.
36. ↑ Loxton & Prothero 2013, pp. 29–70.
37. ↑ "Capelobo" (in pt-BR). 2016-08-11. https://www.portalsaofrancisco.com.br/folclore/capelobo.
38. ↑ O'Carroll, Eoin (28 September 2018). "Bigfoot and beyond: Why tales of wild men endure". The Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2018/0928/Bigfoot-and-beyond-Why-tales-of-wild-men-endure.
39. ↑ Dunning, B. (4 March 2014). "Skeptoid #404: The Boggy Creek Monster". https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4404.
40. ↑ Tonnies, Mac (March 2010). The Cryptoterrestrials A Meditation on Indigenous Humanoids and the Aliens Among Us. Anomalist Books. p. 34, 37, 113. ISBN 9781933665467. https://avalonlibrary.net/ebooks/Mac Tonnies - The Cryptoterrestials.pdf. Retrieved Dec 6, 2023.
41. ↑ Frances, Leary (December 2003). "The Honey Island Swamp Monster: The Development and Maintenance of Folk and Commodified Belief Tradition". pp. 4–6. https://research.library.mun.ca/10863/1/Leary_Frances.pdf.
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains. Springer Publishing Company. 8 March 2016. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-8261-9426-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=Miy2CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA154.
43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains. Springer Publishing Company. 8 March 2016. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-8261-9426-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=Miy2CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA170.
44. ↑ "It's the monstrous new trend sweeping travel – what is cryptid-tourism?". Irish Examiner. https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/lifestyle/its-the-monstrous-new-trend-sweeping-travel-what-is-cryptid-tourism-873583.html.
45. ↑ Loxton & Prothero 2013, p. 73.
46. ↑ Kantrowitz, Lia; Fitzmaurice, Larry; Terry, Josh (16 January 2018). "People Keep Seeing the Mothman in Chicago". https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/paqv9z/mothman-sightings-in-chicago.
47. ↑ "rods - The Skeptic's Dictionary - Skepdic.com". https://www.skepdic.com/rods.html.
48. ↑ "Don't Get Strung Along by the "Ropen" Myth". https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/dont-get-strung-along-by-the-ropen-myth-78644354/.
49. ↑ Nez, Noah (18 July 2012). "Thunderbirds". Skeptical Inquirer. https://skepticalinquirer.org/newsletter/thunderbirds/.
50. ↑ "The mythic child-stealing Thunderbirds of Illinois". Atlas Obscura. 5 August 2015. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-mythic-child-stealing-thunderbirds-of-illinois.

### Bibliography

* Loxton, Daniel; Prothero, Donald (2013). Abominable Science: Origins of Yeti, Nessie, and other Famous Cryptids. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-52681-4.

## External links

* v
* t
* e

Cryptozoology

Core topics|

* Cryptozoology
* List of cryptids

Cryptozoologists|

* Bernard Heuvelmans
* Karl Shuker
* Jonathan Downes
* Jon-Erik Beckjord
* John Bindernagel
* Richard Freeman
* Loren Coleman
* Aleksandr Kondratov
* Roy Mackal
* Ivan T. Sanderson

Books and
television|

* Animal X
* Animalia Paradoxa
* Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World
* Beast Hunter
* Beast Legends
* Destination Truth
* Extinct or Alive
* Fact or Faked: Paranormal Files
* Fortean TV
* In Search of...
* Is It Real?
* Lost Tapes
* MonsterQuest
* Monsters and Mysteries in America
* On the Track of Unknown Animals
* Sasquatch
* The X Creatures
* The Secret Saturdays
* Weird Travels

See also|

* Biology
* Fearsome critters
* Folklore studies
* Hypothetical species
* Pseudoscience
* Young Earth creationism
* Zoology

* Commons
* Category

* v
* t
* e

Urban legends

* List

Theorists|

* Jan Harold Brunvand

Urban legends by region|

| American urban legends|

* The babysitter and the man upstairs
* Baby Train
* Black-eyed children
* Bloody Mary
* Blue star tattoo legend
* The Bunny Man
* Choking Doberman
* Cow tipping
* The Hook
* Killer in the backseat
* The Licked Hand
* Poisoned candy myths
* Sewer alligators
* Polybius
* Slender Man
* Vanishing hitchhiker

|

Asian urban legends|

* Aka Manto ("Red Cape")
* Curse of the Colonel
* Hanako-san of the Toilet
* Kokkuri
* Kuchisake-onna ("Slit-Mouthed Woman")
* Kunekune
* Nale Ba
* Sony timer
* Teke Teke

European urban legends|

* 999 phone charging myth
* Black dog
* Black Shuck
* Paul is dead
* The Spider Bite

Websites|

* Snopes.com: Urban Legends Reference Pages

TV series|

* Mostly True Stories?: Urban Legends Revealed (2002–2004)
* MythBusters (2003–2016)
* Urban Legends (2007–present)

Films|

* Urban Legend (1998)
* Urban Legends: Final Cut (2000)
* Urban Legends: Bloody Mary (2005)

Related articles|

* List of cryptids
* Lists of fictional species
* Lists of legendary creatures

* Category

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