Virtual Execution System

Short description: Common Language Infrastructure

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The Virtual Execution System (VES) is a run-time system of the Common Language Infrastructure CLI which provides an environment for executing managed code. It provides direct support for a set of built-in data types, defines a hypothetical machine with an associated machine model and state, a set of control flow constructs, and an exception handling model. Also known as an Execution Engine, the purpose of the VES is to provide the support required to execute managed code and data (the Common Intermediate Language CIL instruction set).[1]

## Implementations

The Common Language Runtime (CLR) implements the VES as defined in the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard. Other notable implementations of the CLI such as Mono and Portable.NET include their own VES implementations. The .NET Micro Framework includes the .NET Micro Framework Interpreter as their VES implementation.

## See also

* Native Image Generator
* Application domain

## References

1. ↑ (in en) (PDF) ﻿Common Language Infrastructure (CLI), Partitions I–VI﻿ (Standard). Ecma International. June 2012. ECMA‑335 6th Edition. https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-335_6th_edition_june_2012.pdf. Retrieved 2026-03-20.

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Common Language Infrastructure

Architecture|

* Application domain
* Code Access Security
* Common Intermediate Language (CIL)
* CIL instructions
* Common Type System (CTS)
* Platform Invocation Services (P/Invoke)
* Virtual Execution System (VES)

Components|

* Assembly
* Delegate
* Global Assembly Cache (GAC)
* Manifest
* Metadata

Standard
Libraries|

| Kernel Profile|

* Base Class Library (BCL)
* Runtime Infrastructure Library

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Compact Profile|

* Network Library
* Reflection Library
* XML Library

* Extended Array Library
* Extended Numerics Library
* Parallel Library
* Vararg Library

Implementations|

| Microsoft|

* .NET Framework
* .NET Compact Framework
* .NET Micro Framework
* Shared Source Common Language Infrastructure

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Other|

* .NET Core
* Mono
* Xamarin.iOS
* Xamarin.Android
* Xamarin.Mac
* Portable.NET

Languages|

| Microsoft|

* C#
* Visual Basic .NET
* C++/CLI
* Managed
* F#
* Q#
* J#
* JScript .NET
* PowerShell

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Other|

* Axum
* A#
* Boo
* Cobra
* IronScheme
* IronLisp
* IronPython
* IronRuby
* Nemerle
* Oxygene
* Phalanger
* P#
* Scala

Comparison|

* C# and Java
* C# and Visual Basic .NET
* Java and .NET platforms
* Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET

Organizations|

* .NET Foundation
* DotGNU
* Microsoft
* Xamarin

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