Visual sensor network

A visual sensor network or smart camera network or intelligent camera network is a network of spatially distributed smart camera devices capable of processing, exchanging data and fusing images of a scene from a variety of viewpoints into some form more useful than the individual images.[1][2][3] A visual sensor network may be a type of wireless sensor network, and much of the theory and application of the latter applies to the former. The network generally consists of the cameras themselves, which have some local image processing, communication and storage capabilities, and possibly one or more central computers, where image data from multiple cameras is further processed and fused (this processing may, however, simply take place in a distributed fashion across the cameras and their local controllers). Visual sensor networks also provide some high-level services to the user so that the large amount of data can be distilled into information of interest using specific queries.[4][5][6]

The primary difference between visual sensor networks and other types of sensor networks is the nature and volume of information the individual sensors acquire: unlike most sensors, cameras are directional in their field of view, and they capture a large amount of visual information which may be partially processed independently of data from other cameras in the network. Alternatively, one may say that while most sensors measure some value such as temperature or pressure, visual sensors measure patterns. In light of this, communication in visual sensor networks differs substantially from traditional sensor networks.

## Contents

* 1 Applications
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## Applications

Visual sensor networks are most useful in applications involving area surveillance, tracking, and environmental monitoring. Of particular use in surveillance applications is the ability to perform a dense 3D reconstruction of a scene and storing data over a period of time, so that operators can view events as they unfold over any period of time (including the current moment) from any arbitrary viewpoint in the covered area, even allowing them to "fly" around the scene in real time. High-level analysis using object recognition and other techniques can intelligently track objects (such as people or cars) through a scene, and even determine what they are doing so that certain activities could be automatically brought to the operator's attention. Another possibility is the use of visual sensor networks in telecommunications, where the network would automatically select the "best" view (perhaps even an arbitrarily generated one) of a live event.

## See also

* Wireless sensor network
* Computer vision
* Smartdust
* Smart camera
* Sensor fusion

## References

1. ↑ Tavli, Bulent; Bicakci, Kemal; Zilan, Ruken; Barcelo-Ordinas, Jose M. (1 October 2012). "A survey of visual sensor network platforms" (in en). Multimedia Tools and Applications 60 (3): 689–726. doi:10.1007/s11042-011-0840-z. ISSN 1573-7721. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11042-011-0840-z.
2. ↑ Williams, Adam; Ganesan, Deepak; Hanson, Allen (2007). "Aging in place". Proceedings of the 15th ACM international conference on Multimedia. ACM Press. pp. 892–901. doi:10.1145/1291233.1291435. ISBN 9781595937025. https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1291233.1291435.
3. ↑ Song, Bi; Soto, Cristian; Roy-Chowdhury, Amit K.; Farrell, Jay A. (September 2008). "Decentralized camera network control using game theory". 2008 Second ACM/IEEE International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1109/ICDSC.2008.4635735. ISBN 978-1-4244-2664-5.
4. ↑ Obraczka, K.; Manduchi, R.; Garcia-Luna-Aveces, J. J. (October 2002). "Managing the information flow in visual sensor networks". The 5th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications. 3. pp. 1177–1181. doi:10.1109/WPMC.2002.1088364. ISBN 978-0-7803-7442-3. https://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~manduchi/Papers/178-obraczka.pdf.
5. ↑ Akdere, M.; Centintemel, U.; Crispell, D.; Jannotti, J.; Mao, J.; Taubin, G. (October 2006). "Data-Centric Visual Sensor Networks for 3D Sensing". Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. On Geosensor Networks. https://www.cs.brown.edu/~jj/papers/3d-geo06.pdf.
6. ↑ Castanedo, F., Patricio, M. A., García, J., and Molina, J. M. 2006. Extending surveillance systems capabilities using BDI cooperative sensor agents. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM international Workshop on Video Surveillance and Sensor Networks (Santa Barbara, California, USA, October 27 – 27, 2006). VSSN '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 131–138. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1178782.1178802

1.   2. ^ Cheng Qian, Hairong Qi: Coverage Estimation in the Presence of Occlusions for Visual Sensor Networks. DCOSS 2008: 346–356
3.   4. ^ Soro S., Heinzelman W.: A Survey of Visual Sensor Networks, Advances in Multimedia, vol. 2009, Article ID 640386, 21 pages, 2009. doi:10.1155/2009/640386
5.   6. ^ Yang Bai, Hairong Qi: Feature-Based Image Comparison for Semantic Neighbor Selection in Resource-Constrained Visual Sensor Networks. EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing, Volume 2010 (2010).

## External links

* Virtual Vision for Smart Camera Sensor Networks
* CMUcam3

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