WebXR

WebXR Device API is a Web application programming interface (API)[1][2] that describes support for accessing augmented reality and virtual reality devices, such as the HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, Meta Quest, Google Cardboard, HoloLens, Apple Vision Pro, Android XR-based devices, Magic Leap or Open Source Virtual Reality (OSVR), in a web browser.[3][4] The WebXR Device API and related APIs[5] are standards defined by W3C groups, the Immersive Web Community Group[6] and Immersive Web Working Group.[7][8] While the Community Group works on the proposals in the incubation period, the Working Group defines the final web specifications to be implemented by the browsers.[9][10][11]

WebVR was an experimental Web API that was only capable of representing virtual reality and was superseded by WebXR.[12][13][14]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Design
* 3 Support
* 4 Similar technologies
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## History

WebVR API was first conceived in spring 2014 by Vladimir Vukićević from Mozilla. The API's contributors include Brandon Jones(Google), Boris Smus and others from the Mozilla team.[15] On March 1, 2016, the Mozilla VR team and the Google Chrome team announced the version 1.0 release of the WebVR API proposal. The resulting API refactoring brought many improvements to WebVR.[16]

The latest WebXR Device API Working Draft was last published in February 2022.[4] The editors of the specification currently are from Google and Meta. Other members from Mozilla, Microsoft, Samsung Electronics and Apple, as well as various startups and invited experts have input in the future of the specification.[17] All of the discussions of the specifications are public on GitHub.[18]

Notable updates include enhanced AR capabilities, improved performance, and broader device support.[19] The ongoing efforts focus on standardizing and advancing the WebXR API, providing developers with the necessary tools and resources to create immersive web experiences.[20]

In 2018, the WebXR Device API superseded WebVR, being designed for both augmented reality, virtual reality devices and the possible future realities and devices.[12][13][21] WebVR was implemented in Firefox and Chromium-based browsers before being deprecated and removed. On September 24, 2018, the Immersive Web Working Group became official.[22]

## Design

The WebXR Device API exposes a few new interfaces (such as XRView,[21] XRPose[23]) that allow web applications to present content in virtual reality and augmented reality, by using WebGL with the necessary camera settings and device interactions (such as controllers or point of view).

## Support

WebXR Device API[24] (Candidate Recommendation Draft) is currently supported in the stable versions of Edge and Chrome 79+, Chrome for Android 79+, Opera 66+, Opera Mobile 64+, Samsung Internet 12+, and Oculus Browser.[25][26] WebXR is supported in Safari for visionOS on the Apple Vision Pro mixed reality headset.[27] Android XR also supports WebXR.

## Similar technologies

Although WebXR is unique as an API, it has similarities to native APIs in the same space such as OpenXR, ARCore, and ARKit.

## See also

* WebGL
* OpenXR
* Web API
* Virtual reality
* Augmented reality
* Avatar (computing)
* Spatial computing
* Smart city
* Ubiquitous computing
* Ambient intelligence
* Internet of things
* World Wide Web Consortium
* A-Frame (virtual reality framework)

## References

1. ↑ "Web APIs | MDN" (in en-US). https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API.
2. ↑ "Why You Should Be Paying Attention to WebXR" (in en). https://crosscomm.com/resources/blog/future-webxr.
3. ↑ "Fundamentals of WebXR". MDN Web Docs. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebXR_Device_API/Fundamentals.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "WebXR Device API". https://www.w3.org/TR/webxr/Overview.html.
5. ↑ "The Immersive Web Working Group/Community Group" (in en-US). https://immersive-web.github.io/.
6. ↑ "Immersive Web Community Group" (in en-US). 22 March 2017. https://www.w3.org/community/immersive-web/.
7. ↑ "Immersive Web Working Group". https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/immersive-web.
8. ↑ "WebXR Device API - Web APIs | MDN" (in en-US). https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebXR_Device_API.
9. ↑ Immersive Web Community Group Proposals Repo, Immersive Web at W3C, 2022-02-21, https://github.com/immersive-web/proposals, retrieved 2022-03-01
10. ↑ "Community and Business Group Process | Community and Business Groups" (in en-US). https://www.w3.org/community/about/process/.
11. ↑ "Standards/Participating in a W3C Working Group - MozillaWiki". https://wiki.mozilla.org/Standards/Participating_in_a_W3C_Working_Group.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Bringing Mixed Reality to the Web – The Mozilla Blog". October 20, 2017. https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2017/10/20/bringing-mixed-reality-web/.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Welcome to the immersive web". May 2018. https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2018/05/welcome-to-immersive.
14. ↑ "WebVR API". https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebVR_API.
15. ↑ "WebVR Deprecated Specification". 2022-02-28. https://immersive-web.github.io/webvr/spec/1.1/.
16. ↑ "Introducing the WebVR 1.0 API Proposal". March 1, 2016. https://hacks.mozilla.org/2016/03/introducing-the-webvr-1-0-api-proposal/.
17. ↑ "Immersive Web Working Group - Participants". https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/immersive-web/participants.
18. ↑ "Immersive Web at W3C" (in en). https://github.com/immersive-web.
19. ↑ "WebXR GitHub repository". https://github.com/immersive-web/webxr-samples.
20. ↑ "W3C WebXR Device API". https://www.w3.org/TR/webxr/.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "WebXR Device API". https://immersive-web.github.io/webxr/#xrview-interface.
22. ↑ "Immersive Web Working Group Charter". https://www.w3.org/2018/09/immersive-web-wg-charter.html.
23. ↑ "WebXR Device API". https://immersive-web.github.io/webxr/#xrpose-interface.
24. ↑ "WebXR Device API". https://www.w3.org/TR/webxr/.
25. ↑ ""webxr" | Can I use... Support tables for HTML5, CSS3, etc". https://caniuse.com/?search=webxr.
26. ↑ "Introduction to Oculus Browser | Oculus Developers". https://developer.oculus.com/documentation/web/browser-intro/.
27. ↑ "Meet Safari for spatial computing". https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2023/10279/.

## External links

* Fundamentals of WebXR on MDN Web Docs
* WebXR: How to Bring Virtual Reality to Any Device

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