1165

Calendar year

Millennium:  | 2nd millennium

|

Centuries:  |

* 11th century
* 12th century
* 13th century

Decades:  |

* 1140s
* 1150s
* 1160s
* 1170s
* 1180s

Years:  |

* 1162
* 1163
* 1164
* 1165
* 1166
* 1167
* 1168

1165 by topic

Leaders

* Political entities
* State leaders
* Religious leaders

Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Art and literature
1165 in poetry

* v
* t
* e

1165 in various calendarsGregorian calendar| 1165
MCLXV

|

Ab urbe condita| 1918
Armenian calendar| 614
ԹՎ ՈԺԴ
Assyrian calendar| 5915
Balinese saka calendar| 1086–1087
Bengali calendar| 571–572
Berber calendar| 2115
English Regnal year| 11 Hen. 2 – 12 Hen. 2
Buddhist calendar| 1709
Burmese calendar| 527
Byzantine calendar| 6673–6674
Chinese calendar| 甲申年 (Wood Monkey)
3862 or 3655
— to —
乙酉年 (Wood Rooster)
3863 or 3656
Coptic calendar| 881–882
Discordian calendar| 2331
Ethiopian calendar| 1157–1158
Hebrew calendar| 4925–4926
Hindu calendars|
\- Vikram Samvat| 1221–1222
\- Shaka Samvat| 1086–1087
\- Kali Yuga| 4265–4266
Holocene calendar| 11165
Igbo calendar| 165–166
Iranian calendar| 543–544
Islamic calendar| 560–561
Japanese calendar| Chōkan 3 / Eiman 1
(永万元年)
Javanese calendar| 1072–1073
Julian calendar| 1165
MCLXV
Korean calendar| 3498
Minguo calendar| 747 before ROC
民前747年
Nanakshahi calendar| −303
Seleucid era| 1476/1477 AG
Thai solar calendar| 1707–1708
Tibetan calendar| 阳木猴年
(male Wood-Monkey)
1291 or 910 or 138
— to —
阴木鸡年
(female Wood-Rooster)
1292 or 911 or 139

File:William I, King of Scots (seal 01).png

William I (the Lion) (c. 1142–1214)

Year 1165 (MCLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

## Contents

* 1 Events
* 1.1 By place
* 1.1.1 Byzantine Empire
* 1.1.2 Europe
* 1.1.3 England
* 1.1.4 Asia
* 1.2 By topic
* 1.2.1 Religion
* 2 Births
* 3 Deaths
* 4 References

## Events[edit | edit source]

### By place[edit | edit source]

#### Byzantine Empire[edit | edit source]

* Spring – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) makes an alliance with Venice against Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa), who takes an oath at the Diet of Würzburg to support Antipope Paschal III against Pope Alexander III.
* Andronikos Komnenos, a cousin of Manuel I, escapes from prison at Constantinople. After passing through many dangers, he reaches Kiev and seeks refuge at the court of Prince Yaroslav Osmomysl.

#### Europe[edit | edit source]

* Gerald the Fearless, Portuguese warrior and adventurer, seizes the city Évora by surprise. The same year (or soon after), he takes Cáceres, Trujillo, Montánchez, Moura, Monsaraz and Alconchel from the Almohads.
* October 15 – Battle of Fahs al-Jullab: Almoravid forces defeat Ibn Mardanish, ruler of the Taifa of Murcia. His army is routed at a place called the "merchant field" near Alhama, in the valley of the Guadalentín.[1]
* Benjamin of Tudela, Spanish Jewish traveler, sets out on his journey from the northeast Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain), in what begins as a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.[2]
* Otto II (the Rich), margrave of Meissen, grants Leipzig city and market privileges. The city is located at the crossways of the Via Regia and Via Imperii trade routes.

#### England[edit | edit source]

* King Owain ap Gruffydd (the Great) of Gwynedd forms an alliance with his nephew Rhys ap Gruffydd, prince of Deheubarth, to challenge English rule. They drive the English forces out of Wales.
* Battle of Crogen: King Henry II invades Wales, but is defeated and forced to retreat. After Welsh forces under Owain ap Gruffydd inflict an unknown number of casualties on the English army.
* Henry II's marriage with Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine is effectively ended when she moves back to Aquitaine. Henry begins an affair with Rosamund Clifford.
* December 9 – King Malcolm IV dies at Jedburgh after a 12-year reign and is succeeded by his brother William I (the Lion) as ruler of Scotland (until 1214).

#### Asia[edit | edit source]

* September 5 – Emperor Nijō abdicates the throne and dies after a 7-year reign. He is succeeded by his 1-year-old son Rokujō as the 79th emperor of Japan.
* In China the Jin Dynasty (Great Jin) and the Song Dynasty make a lasting peace (until 1205).

### By topic[edit | edit source]

#### Religion[edit | edit source]

* Eskil, Danish archbishop of Lund, appoints Fulco as the first Bishop of Estonia, marking the early beginning of the introduction of Christianity to the country. He will visit Estonia for the first time in 1169 or 1170.
* Hildegard of Bingen, German Benedictine abbess, founds Eibingen Abbey on the opposite bank of the Rhine near Rüdesheim (approximate date).
* The construction of Liuhe Pagoda (Six Harmonies Pagoda) in Hangzhou, China, is completed during the Song Dynasty.

## Births[edit | edit source]

* August 21 – Philip II, king of France (d. 1223)
* Albéric Clément, Marshal of France (d. 1191)
* Albert of Buxhoeven, bishop of Riga (d. 1229)
* Blacas III, French knight and troubadour (d. 1237)
* Conrad III, German cleric and bishop (d. 1224)
* Han (or Gongshu), Chinese empress (d. 1200)
* Henry I (the Brave), duke of Brabant (d. 1235)
* Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1197)
* Henry the Bearded, High Duke of Poland (d. 1238)
* Hermann von Salza, German nobleman (d. 1239)
* Ibn Arabi, Andalusian philosopher (d. 1240)[3]
* Jean Bodel, French poet and writer (d. 1210)
* Jean de Montmirail, French nobleman (d. 1217)
* Joan of England, queen of Sicily (d. 1199)
* Phillipe de Plessis, French Grand Master (d. 1209)
* Renaud I (or Reginald), French nobleman (d. 1227)
* Ruben II (or Roupen), Armenian prince (d. 1170)
* Shizuka Gozen, Japanese court dancer (d. 1211)
* Theobald Walter, Norman High Sheriff (d. 1206)
* Waleran III (or Walram), duke of Limburg (d. 1226)
* William the Breton, French chronicler (d. 1225)

## Deaths[edit | edit source]

* January 24 – William of Ypres, Flemish nobleman (b. 1090)
* February 7 – Stephen of Armenia, Armenian nobleman (b. 1111)
* March 27 – Awn al-Din ibn Hubayra, Abbasid vizier (b. 1105)
* April 11
* Ibn al-Tilmidh, Arab physician and calligrapher (b. 1074)
* Stephen IV, king of Hungary and Croatia (b. 1133)
* September 5 – Nijō, emperor of Japan (b. 1143)
* December 9 – Malcolm IV, king of Scotland (b. 1141)
* Adalgott II of Disentis, German abbot and bishop
* Goswin of Anchin, Flemish Benedictine abbot (b. 1086)
* Gottfried of Admont, German Benedictine abbot
* Helias de Say (or Hellias), Norman nobleman
* John FitzGilbert, Marshal of England (b. 1105)
* Muhammad al-Idrisi, Arab geographer (b. 1100)
* Rostislav Glebovich, Kievan prince of Minsk
* Sibylla of Anjou, countess of Flanders (b. 1112)

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ Vallvé Bermejo, Joaquín (1972). "La división territorial en la España musulmana (II): la cora de "Tudmīr" (Murcia)". Al-Andalus, p. 171.
2. ^ Shatzmiller, Joseph (1998). "Jews, Pilgrimage, and the Christian Cult of Saints: Benjamin of Tudela and his Contemporaries", p. 338. ISBN 978-0-8020-0779-7.
3. ^ "The Meccan Revelations". World Digital Library. April 6, 2012. Retrieved July 14, 2013.

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