1250

This article is about the year 1250. For the character encoding (codepage), see Windows-1250.

Calendar year

Millennium:  | 2nd millennium

|

Centuries:  |

* 12th century
* 13th century
* 14th century

Decades:  |

* 1230s
* 1240s
* 1250s
* 1260s
* 1270s

Years:  |

* 1247
* 1248
* 1249
* 1250
* 1251
* 1252
* 1253

1250 by topic

Leaders

* Political entities
* State leaders
* Religious leaders

Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Art and literature
1250 in poetry

* v
* t
* e

1250 in various calendarsGregorian calendar| 1250
MCCL

|

Ab urbe condita| 2003
Armenian calendar| 699
ԹՎ ՈՂԹ
Assyrian calendar| 6000
Balinese saka calendar| 1171–1172
Bengali calendar| 656–657
Berber calendar| 2200
English Regnal year| 34 Hen. 3 – 35 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar| 1794
Burmese calendar| 612
Byzantine calendar| 6758–6759
Chinese calendar| 己酉年 (Earth Rooster)
3947 or 3740
— to —
庚戌年 (Metal Dog)
3948 or 3741
Coptic calendar| 966–967
Discordian calendar| 2416
Ethiopian calendar| 1242–1243
Hebrew calendar| 5010–5011
Hindu calendars|
\- Vikram Samvat| 1306–1307
\- Shaka Samvat| 1171–1172
\- Kali Yuga| 4350–4351
Holocene calendar| 11250
Igbo calendar| 250–251
Iranian calendar| 628–629
Islamic calendar| 647–648
Japanese calendar| Kenchō 2
(建長２年)
Javanese calendar| 1159–1160
Julian calendar| 1250
MCCL
Korean calendar| 3583
Minguo calendar| 662 before ROC
民前662年
Nanakshahi calendar| −218
Thai solar calendar| 1792–1793
Tibetan calendar| 阴土鸡年
(female Earth-Rooster)
1376 or 995 or 223
— to —
阳金狗年
(male Iron-Dog)
1377 or 996 or 224

Year 1250 (MCCL) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

## Contents

* 1 Events
* 1.1 By place
* 1.1.1 World
* 1.1.2 Europe
* 1.1.3 Asia
* 1.1.4 Africa
* 1.1.5 Oceania
* 1.2 By topic
* 1.2.1 Markets
* 2 Births
* 3 Deaths
* 4 References

## Events[edit | edit source]

### By place[edit | edit source]

#### World[edit | edit source]

* The world population is estimated at between 400 and 416 million individuals.
* World climate transitions from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age.[1]
* Medieval music: The Notre Dame school of polyphony ends.

#### Europe[edit | edit source]

* February 2 - King Eric XI (Eriksson) dies and is succeeded by the 10-year-old Valdemar I, who is the eldest son of Birger jarl. He is elected as ruler of Sweden, and becomes the first Swedish king of the House of Folkung.
* October 12 - A great storm shifts the mouth of the River Rother in England 12 miles (20 km) to the west; a battering series of strong storms significantly alters other coastal geography around Romney Marsh.
* December 13 - Emperor Frederick II dies, beginning the 23-year-long "Great Interregnum". Frederick is the last Holy Roman Emperor of the Hohenstaufen dynasty; after the interregnum, the empire passes to the Habsburgs.
* The Lombard League dissolves upon the death of its member states' nemesis, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.
* King Afonso III (the Boulonnais) captures the Algarve from the Moors, thus completing the expulsion of the Moors from Portugal.
* Albertus Magnus isolates the element arsenic, as the 8th discovered metal. He also first uses the word "oriole" to describe a type of bird (most likely the golden oriole).
* The Rialto Bridge in Venice (in modern-day Italy) is converted from a pontoon bridge to a permanent, raised wooden structure.
* The Ponts Couverts fortified bridges of Strasbourg (in modern-day France) are completed.
* Vincent of Beauvais completes his proto-encyclopedic work Speculum Maius ("Greater mirror").
* The first of the Parlements of Ancien Régime France is established.
* Villard de Honnecourt draws the first known image of a sawmill.
* The first usage is made of the English word "cuckold", according to the Oxford English Dictionary.

#### Asia[edit | edit source]

* July 9 – The Qaymariyya tribe engineers a coup d'état to hand over Damascus to An-Nasir Yusuf. The garrison in the citadel surrenders later to him.[2]
* A kurultai is called by Batu Khan in Siberia as part of maneuverings which will elect Möngke Khan as khan of the Mongol Empire in 1251.
* Starting in this year and ending in 1275, the Muslim Shougeng Pu, likely a Persian or an Arab, serves as the Commissioner of Merchant Shipping for the Song dynasty Chinese seaport at Quanzhou, due to his effort in defeating pirates.[3]

#### Africa[edit | edit source]

* April 6 - Battle of Fariskur: Louis IX (the Saint) is captured by Baibars' Mamluk army while he is in Egypt conducting the Seventh Crusade; he later has to ransom himself.
* April 30 - King Louis IX (the Saint) is released by his Egyptian captors after paying a ransom of one million dinars and turning over the city of Damietta.
* May 2 - Al-Muazzam Turanshah, Ayyubid ruler of Egypt, is murdered, ending effective Ayyubid Dynasty rule in the country. He is briefly succeeded by his widow, Sultana Shajar al-Durr.[4]
* July 21 - Aybak becomes ruler of Egypt, beginning the Bahri Dynasty of the Mamluk Sultanate. After 5 days he stands down and the 6-year-old Al-Ashraf Musa is nominally proclaimed sultan.[4]
* The Welayta state is founded in modern-day Ethiopia.
* In Tunis, a popular rebellion against newly arrived, wealthy and influential Andalusian refugees breaks out, and is violently put down.[5]

#### Oceania[edit | edit source]

* Samoa frees itself from Tongan rule, which begins the Malietoa dynasty in Samoa (approximate date).

### By topic[edit | edit source]

#### Markets[edit | edit source]

* The Flemish town of Douai emits the first recorded redeemable annuities in medieval Europe, confirming a trend of consolidation of local public debt started in 1218, in Rheims.[6]
* The Sienese bankers belonging to the firm known as the Gran Tavola, under the steering of the Bonsignori Brothers, become the main financiers of the Papacy.[7]

## Births[edit | edit source]

* April 8 - John Tristan, son of Louis IX (d. 1270)
* Adolf II of Waldeck, prince-bishop of Liège (d. 1302)
* Agnes of Baden, German noblewoman (d. 1295)
* Albert II of Saxony, German nobleman (d. 1298)
* Albert III, German nobleman and knight (d. 1300)
* Albertus de Chiavari, Italian Master General (d. 1300)
* Allamah al-Hilli, Persian Shia theologian (d. 1325)
* Asher ben Jehiel, German Jewish rabbi (d. 1327)
* Beatrice of Savoy, Swiss noblewoman (d. 1292)
* Bonconte I da Montefeltro, Italian general (d. 1289)
* Diether of Nassau, archbishop of Trier (d. 1307)
* Dmitry of Pereslavl, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1294)
* Esclaramunda of Foix, queen of Majorca (d. 1315)
* Fra Dolcino, Italian priest and reformist (d. 1307)
* Grigorije II of Ras, Serbian monk-scribe (d. 1321)
* Guido Cavalcanti, Italian poet and writer (d. 1300)
* Jeanne de Montfort, Swiss noblewoman (d. 1300)
* John IV (Laskaris), emperor of Nicaea (d. 1305)
* Konrad II of Masovia, Polish nobleman (d. 1294)
* Margaret of Burgundy, queen of Sicily (d. 1308)
* Matteo I Visconti, Italian imperial vicar (d. 1322)
* Mordechai ben Hillel, German scholar (d. 1298)
* Nijō Tameyo, Japanese official and poet (d. 1338)
* Niklot I, German nobleman and knight (d. 1323)
* Rhys ap Maredudd, Welsh nobleman (d. 1292)
* Robert II, French nobleman and knight (d. 1302)
* Sancho of Aragon, Spanish archbishop (d. 1275)
* Theodoric of Freiberg, German physicist (d. 1311)
* Zavis of Falkenstein, German nobleman (d. 1290)

## Deaths[edit | edit source]

* February 2 - Eric XI (Eriksson), king of Sweden (b. 1216)
* February 6 - Geoffrey VI, French nobleman and knight
* February 8
* Andrew III, French nobleman and knight (b. 1200)
* Fakhr ad-Din, Egyptian ruler and military leader
* Robert I (the Good), French nobleman (b. 1216)
* William Longespée (the Younger), English knight
* February 11 - Jean de Ronay, French Grand Master
* March 29 - Ludolph of Ratzeburg, German bishop
* April 6
* Guillaume de Sonnac, French Grand Master
* Hugh XI of Lusignan, French nobleman (b. 1221)
* May 2 - Al-Muazzam Turanshah, Ayyubid ruler of Egypt[4]
* May 21 - Humbert V, French nobleman and knight (b. 1198)
* May 26 - Peter I (Mauclerc), French nobleman (b. 1187)
* May 27 - Raniero Capocci, Italian priest and cardinal
* June 7 - Vitslav I, Danish nobleman and knight (b. 1180)
* June 18 - Theresa of Portugal, queen of León (b. 1176)
* August 10 - Eric IV (Ploughpenny), king of Denmark
* October 4 - Herman VI, German nobleman and knight
* October 12 - Richard Wendene, English bishop (b. 1219)
* December 13 - Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1194)[8]
* Alice of Schaerbeek, Flemish Cistercian lay sister (b. 1220)
* Gilbertus Anglicus, English physician and writer (b. 1180)
* Julian of Speyer, German Franciscan composer and poet
* Leonardo of Pisa, Italian mathematician and writer (b. 1170)
* Romée de Villeneuve, French nobleman and seneschal
* Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi, Persian biographer
* Walter of Serviliano, Italian Benedictine hermit and abbot
* Yang Miaozhen, Chinese female military leader (b. 1193)

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel; Bray, Barbara (1971). Times of Feast, Times of Famine: a History of Climate Since the Year 1000. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. ISBN 0-374-52122-0. OCLC 164590.
2. ^ Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977).  From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260, pp. 305–307. State University of New York Press.
3. ^ According to a monograph on the maritime economy of the Song dynasty written by Jitsuzo Kuwabara (桑原騭藏, 1870–1931).
4. ^ a b c Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977). From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780873952637.
5. ^ de Epalza, Miguel (1999). Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror. Brill. p. 106\. ISBN 90-04-11244-8.
6. ^ Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17565-5.
7. ^ Catoni, Giuliano. "Bonsignori". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved December 20, 2011.
8. ^ "Frederick II | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved September 29, 2020.

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