2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

American elections

2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

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| <- 2020 | January to August 2024 | 2028 ->

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Non-binding preferential vote
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Candidate  | Charles Ballay  | None of the above[b] | Chase Oliver
Home state  | Louisiana | —  | Georgia
Contests won  | 1  | 2  | 4
Popular vote  | 21,939[a] | 6,045[a] | 2,837[a]
Percentage  | 57.6%  | 15.9%  | 7.4%

* * *

|  | File:Mike ter Maat Libertarian Candidate for President.jpg |
Candidate  | Michael Rectenwald | Mike ter Maat  | Joshua Smith
Home state  | Pennsylvania | Florida | Iowa
Contests won  | 2  | 1  | 1
Popular vote  | 810[a] | 511[a] | 405[a]
Percentage  | 2.1%  | 1.3%  | 1.1%

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First place by first-instance vote

Charles Ballay

No preference

Chase Oliver

Michael Rectenwald

Mike ter Maat

Joshua Smith

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| Previous Libertarian nominee

Jo Jorgensen

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2024 U.S. presidential election

* Timeline
* Polling

Democratic Party

* Primaries
* Polling
* Convention

Republican Party

* Primaries
* Polling
* Convention

Third parties

* Libertarian Party
* primaries
* Green Party
* primaries

Related races

* Senate

| <- 2020 | 2024 | 2028 ->

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* v
* t
* e

The 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and caucuses are a series of current electoral contests to indicate non-binding preferences for the Libertarian Party (LP) presidential nominee in the 2024 United States presidential election. These differ from the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses in that they do not appoint delegates to represent a candidate at the party's convention to select the party's presidential nominee. The party's nominee will be chosen directly by registered delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, scheduled to take place from May 24 to 26, 2024 in Washington, D.C.[1][2]

## Contents

* 1 Results
* 2 Candidates
* 2.1 Major candidates
* 2.1.1 Declared candidates
* 2.1.2 Withdrew before the primaries
* 2.2 Other candidates
* 2.3 Publicly expressed interest
* 2.4 Declined to be candidates
* 2.5 Former potential candidates
* 3 Endorsements
* 4 Timeline
* 5 Debates and forums
* 5.1 Debates
* 5.2 Forums
* 6 Primary election polling
* 6.1 State polling
* 7 Campaign finance
* 8 Schedule
* 8.1 Ballot access
* 9 See also
* 10 Notes
* 11 References

## Results[edit | edit source]

Legend: |  | 1st place
(popular vote) |  | 2nd place
(popular vote) |  | 3rd place
(popular vote) |  | Candidate has
withdrawn |  | Candidate unable to
appear on ballot

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Date  | Contest  | Candidates and results

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Charles
Ballay  |
Jacob
Hornberger  |
Lars
Mapstead  |
Chase
Oliver |
Michael
Rectenwald |
Joshua
Smith  | File:Mike ter Maat Libertarian Candidate for President.jpg
Mike
ter Maat  |
Other  |
None of the Above
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
January 13  | Arizona[3][c] | Not on ballot | 2nd | 5th  | 1st | 3rd | 3rd | 5th  | Not on ballot | 2 votes[d]
January 15  | Iowa[4] | 0%
0 votes | 1.1%
1 vote | 1.1%
1 vote | 42.7%
38 votes | 16.9%
15 votes | 13.5%
12 votes | 13.5%
12 votes | 10.1%
9 votes[e] | 1.1%
1 vote
February 3  | Alabama[5][c] | 4th  | 6th  | 3rd | 5th  | 1st | Not on ballot | 2nd | 6th[f] | Not on ballot
February 24  | Mississippi[6] | 0%
0 votes | 11.8%
2 votes | 29.4%
5 votes | 11.8%
2 votes | 41.2%
7 votes | 0%
0 votes | 0%
0 votes | 0%
0 votes | 5.9%
1 vote
February 27  | Minnesota[7] | 2.3%
1 vote | 14.0%
6 votes | 0%
0 votes | 23.3%
10 votes | 20.9%
9 votes | 30.2%
13 votes | 4.7%
2 votes | 2.3%
1 vote[g] | 2.3%
1 vote
March 2  | Indiana[8] | Not on ballot | 4.0%
4 votes | 13.9%
14 votes | 62.4%
63 votes | 5.9%
6 votes | 4.0%
4 votes | 6.9%
7 votes | Not on ballot | 3.0%
3 votes
Pennsylvania[9] | 2.2%
3 votes | 4.4%
6 votes | 0.1%
1 vote[h] | 19.0%
26 votes | 22.6%
31 votes | 16.1%
22 votes | 28.5%
39 votes | 6.6%
10 votes[i] | Not on ballot
March 5  | North Carolina[10] | 3.6%
183 votes | 7.0%
357 votes | 3.5%
176 votes | 13.3%
676 votes | 3.8%
195 votes | 7.0%
354 votes | 2.7%
137 votes | 18.7%
946 votes[j] | 40.5%
2,058 votes[k]
California[11]
incomplete results, write-in votes not yet tabulated | 100%
21,752 votes | Not on ballot | TBD[l] | Not on ballot
Oklahoma[13] | Not on ballot | 38.9%
362 votes | Not on ballot | 61.1%
569 votes | Not on ballot
Massachusetts[14] | Not on ballot | 11.0%
1,089 votes | 4.0%
399 votes | 14.6%
1,453 votes | 5.5%
546 votes | Not on ballot | 3.2%
314 votes | 21.7%
2,161 votes[m] | 40.0%
3,982 votes
Totals as of March 21
(IA, MS, MN, IN, PA, NC, CA, OK, MA)  | 57.6%
21,939 votes | 4.8%
1,827 votes | 1.6%
596 votes | 7.4%
2,837 votes | 2.1%
809 votes | 1.1%
405 votes | 1.3%
511 votes | 8.2%
3,127 votes[n] | 15.9%
6,046 votes
May 14  | Nebraska | TBD | Not on ballot | TBD | Not on ballot
June 4  | New Mexico | Not on ballot | TBD | Not on ballot

## Candidates[edit | edit source]

### Major candidates[edit | edit source]

As of March 2024, at least 35 candidates have filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination in 2024.[15]

#### Declared candidates[edit | edit source]

This section includes declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated in at least three Libertarian Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Declared candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries  Name  | Born  | Experience  | Home state  | Campaign
Announcement date | Contests
won  | Popular
vote  | Ref.

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Charles Ballay

|  | January 1, 1970
(age 55)
New Orleans, Louisiana | Otolaryngologist |
Louisiana |
Website

* * *

August 24, 2023
FEC filing[16] | 1
(CA)  | 21,880 (57.5%)  | [17]

Jacob Hornberger |  | January 28, 1950
(age 75)
Laredo, Texas | Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation
Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002
Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020 |
Virginia |
Website

* * *

February 20, 2023
FEC filing[18] | 0  | 1,827 (4.8%)  | [19]

Lars Mapstead

|  | August 14, 1969
(age 56)
Monterey, California | Co-founder of Friend Finder Networks
Founder of Fupa Games and Legendary Speed[20] |

California |
Website

* * *

March 23, 2021
FEC filing[21] | 0  | 596 (1.6%)  | [22]

Chase Oliver |  | August 16, 1985
(age 40)
Nashville, Tennessee | Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022
Candidate for GA-05 in 2020
Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017)  |

Georgia |
Website

* * *

April 5, 2023
FEC filing[23] | 4
(IA, IN, AZ, OK)  | 2,837 (7.5%)  | [24]

Art Olivier |  | August 24, 1957
(age 68)
Lynwood, California | Nominee for U.S. Vice President in 2000
Nominee for Governor of California in 2006
Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999)  |

California |
Website

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December 11, 2023
FEC filing[25] | 0  | 5 (nil%)  | [26]

Michael
Rectenwald |  | January 29, 1959
(age 66)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | Author and Scholar
Former New York University professor (2008–2019)  |

Pennsylvania |
Website

* * *

August 28, 2023
FEC filing[27] | 2
(MS, AL)  | 809 (2.1%)  | [19]

Joshua Smith

|  | March 13, 1983
(age 42)
Antioch, California | Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee
(2022–2023)  |

Iowa |
Website

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July 24, 2023
FEC filing[28] | 1
(MN)  | 405 (1.1%)  | [19]
File:Mike ter Maat Libertarian Candidate for President.jpg
Mike ter Maat |  | June 20, 1961
(age 64)
Portland, Oregon | Economist
Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer
Nominee for FL-20 in 2022 |

Virginia |
Website

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April 18, 2022
FEC filing[29] | 1
(PA)  | 511 (1.3%)  | [22]
Alternate ballot options:
No preference/
None of the above/
Uncommitted |  | N/A | 2
(NC, MA)  | 6,046 (15.9%)  | [10]

#### Withdrew before the primaries[edit | edit source]

Former candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries  Name  | Born  | Experience  | Home state  | Campaign
announced  | Campaign
suspended  | Campaign  | Ref.

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Joe Exotic | March 5, 1963
(age 62)
Garden City, Kansas | Businessman and media personality
Owner of the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park (1998–2018)
Independent candidate for president in 2016
Candidate for Governor of Oklahoma in 2018 |  Texas | March 10, 2023 | April 11, 2023
(running for the Democratic nomination)[30] |
Website

* * *

FEC filing[31] | [32]

### Other candidates[edit | edit source]

The following candidates have achieved at least one of the following: appeared on a primary ballot, received votes in a LP-sanctioned contest that did not require ballot access, or were invited to a party-sanctioned debate or forum.

LNC delegates are not bound to votes in primary elections, so while voters are able choose a candidate, it has no direct effect on the nominee selection at the party's nominating Convention.[33]

On the ballot/received votes in multiple states

* Joseph Collins Jr., businessman and broadcaster from California (MS, AL, PA)[34][35][36]

On the ballot/received votes in one state

* "TowerGang" Toad Anderson (NC)[17]
* David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap (NC) from Florida[17][37]
* Beau Lindsey (NC), "anonymous candidate" from Tennessee[17][38][39]
* Robert Sansone (IA), Air Force veteran and government contractor from Colorado[40]
* Mario Perales (IA), self-described alien hunter and convicted felon from Iowa[41][42][43]
* David Reed DeSilva III of Arizona (MN)[44]

On the ballot/received votes in no states

* Joshua Rodriguez, computer scientist from Colorado[45][46]

### Publicly expressed interest[edit | edit source]

As of March 2024[update], the following notable individuals have - within the previous six months - expressed an interest in running for the Libertarian presidential nomination.

* Robert F. Kennedy Jr., environmental lawyer and founder of Children's Health Defense (previously ran for the Democratic nomination; currently running as an independent)[47][48]

* Environmental lawyer
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
from California

### Declined to be candidates[edit | edit source]

The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacy but have publicly denied interest in running.

* Justin Amash, former United States Representative from MI-03 (2011–2021), member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the 72nd district (2009–2011) (running for U.S. Senate as a Republican)[19][49]
* Vivek Ramaswamy, executive chairman of Strive Asset Management (2022–2023) and CEO of Roivant Sciences (2014–2021) (ran as a Republican; endorsed Trump)[50][51]
* Dave Smith, stand-up comedian, libertarian political commentator, and podcaster[52][53] (endorsed Rectenwald)[54]
* Vermin Supreme, performance artist, activist, political satirist, perennial candidate, and candidate for the 2020 Libertarian presidential nomination (ran for the Democratic and Legal Marijuana Now nominations) [55][56]

### Former potential candidates[edit | edit source]

The following notable individuals have previously shown interest in or have been speculated to be seeking the Libertarian presidential nomination, but as of March 2024, there has been no reliable media coverage of them doing so in the previous six months.

* Spike Cohen, political activist, entrepreneur, podcaster, and Libertarian vice presidential nominee in 2020[19]
* Chris Fronzak, lead musician for Attila[57]

## Endorsements[edit | edit source]

Michael Rectenwald

State officials

* Andrew Napolitano, former Judge of the New Jersey Superior Court (1987–1995)[54]

Notable individuals

* Per Bylund, author and professor at the University of Oklahoma[54]
* Jeff Deist, former president of the Mises Institute and economist[54]
* Gene Epstein, economist[54]
* Jessica Fenske, candidate for Arvada, Colorado City Council in 2023[54]
* Keith Knight, Writer for The Libertarian Institute[54]
* Dave Smith, stand-up comedian, podcaster, and libertarian political commentator[54]
* Maj Toure, libertarian political activist and rapper[54] (Independent)

## Timeline[edit | edit source]

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| Active campaign  |  | Withdrawn candidate

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| Midterm elections |  | Libertarian National Convention

## Debates and forums[edit | edit source]

### Debates[edit | edit source]

The following table lists debates which are sponsored by an affiliate of the Libertarian Party.

Libertarian Party-sponsored debates among candidates for the 2024 Libertarian Party U.S. presidential nomination  Date | Place | Host | Participants

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P Participant.  I Invitee.  A Absent.  N Confirmed non-invitee.  O Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered) | Ballay | Hornberger | Mapstead | Oliver | Olivier | Rectenwald | Smith | ter Maat | Others
October 3, 2023[58] | Stanhope, New Jersey | North New Jersey Libertarian Party  | A | A | A[o] | P | O | P | P | A[p] | A
November 11, 2023[59][q] | North Charleston, South Carolina | South Carolina Libertarian Party | N | P | P | P | O | P | P | P | N
December 2, 2023[61] | Cromwell, Connecticut | Connecticut Libertarian Party | A | P | P | P | O | P[r] | A[s] | P | A
January 13, 2024[62] | Tucson, Arizona | Arizona Libertarian Party | A | P | P | P | A | P | A[t] | P | A
January 15, 2024[63] | Des Moines, Iowa | Libertarian Party of Iowa | A | A | P | P | A[u] | A | P | P | A
January 20, 2024[64] | Jacksonville, Florida | Libertarian Party of Florida | A | P | P | P | A | P | P | P | A
January 27, 2024[65] | Conyers, Georgia | Libertarian Party of Georgia | A | P | P | P | A | P | P | P | P[v]
February 3, 2024[66] | Delta, Alabama | Libertarian Party of Alabama | P | P | P | P | A | P | A | P | P[w]
February 7, 2024[67][x] | Midwest City, Oklahoma | Libertarian Party of Oklahoma | N | P | N | P | N | N | N | N | N
February 17, 2024[69] | Des Moines, Iowa | Libertarian Party of Iowa | A | A | A | A | P | A | A | P | A
February 18, 2024[70][71] | Clemmons, North Carolina | Libertarian Party of North Carolina | A | P | P | P | A | P | A | P | A[y]
February 23, 2024[72] | St. Louis, Missouri | Libertarian Party of Missouri | A | P | A | A | A | A | A | P | A
February 24, 2024[73][74] | Costa Mesa, California | Libertarian Party of California | A | A | A | A | A | P | A | P | P[z]
February 25, 2024[75] | Costa Mesa, California | Libertarian Party of California | P | P | P | A | A | A | A | A | P[aa]
March 2, 2024[76][77] | Harrisburg, Pennsylvania | Libertarian Party of Pennsylvania | P | P | A | P | P | P | P | P | A[ab]
March 3, 2024[78] | New Brunswick, New Jersey | Libertarian Party of New Jersey | P | P | P | P | A | P | P | P | A
March 8, 2024[79] | Elmhurst, Illinois | Libertarian Party of Illinois | P | P | P | P | P | A[ac] | P | P | A[ad]
March 9, 2024[80] | Flint, Michigan | Libertarian Party of Michigan | P | P | P | P | P | A[ae] | A | P | A
March 17, 2024[81][82] | Watkins Glen, New York | Libertarian Party of New York | P | P | P | P | A | P | A | P | P[af]
March 23, 2024[83] | Colorado Springs, Colorado | Libertarian Party of Colorado | A | P | P | P | A | P | A | P | A
April 6, 2024[84] | Metairie, Louisiana | Libertarian Party of Louisiana | I | I | I | I | TBD | I | TBD | I | I[ag]
April 12, 2024[85][ah] | Corpus Christi, Texas | Libertarian Party of Texas | N | N | I | I | N | I | N | I | N
April 20, 2024[86] | Overland Park, Kansas | Libertarian Party of Kansas | TBD | I | TBD | I | TBD | I | I | I | I[ai]
April 21, 2024[87] | Duluth, Minnesota | Libertarian Party of Minnesota | TBD | I | I | I | TBD | I | I | I | TBD
Candidate | Debates

|

ter Maat  | 17
Hornberger  | 16
Oliver  | 16
Mapstead  | 14
Rectenwald  | 13
Smith  | 8
Ballay  | 7
Olivier  | 4
Collins Jr.  | 2
Anderson  | 1

### Forums[edit | edit source]

Forums among candidates for the 2024 Libertarian Party U.S. presidential nomination  Date | Place | Host | Participants

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P Participant.  A Absent.  O Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered) | Ballay | Hornberger | Mapstead | Oliver | Olivier | Rectenwald | Smith | Maat | Others
February 15, 2023[88] | Online  | Larry Sharpe | O | O | P | P[aj] | O | O | O | P | P[ak]
March 26, 2023[89] | Unknown, Washington | Libertarian Party of Washington  | O | A | A | P[al] | O | O | O | P | A
April 26, 2023[45] | Online  | Larry Sharpe | O | A[am] | P | P | O | O | O | P | P[an]
June 24, 2023[91] | Lancaster, New Hampshire | PorcFest | O | A | P | A | O | O | O | P | A
October 21, 2023[92] | Jacksonville, Florida | Libertarian Party of Duval County  | A | A | P | P | O | P | P | P | A
December 10, 2023[93] | Unknown, New Jersey | Libertarian Party of New Jersey | A | P | A | A | O | P | A | P | A

## Primary election polling[edit | edit source]

### State polling[edit | edit source]

Poll source | Sample size | Date(s) | Hornberger | Mapstead | Oliver | Rectenwald | ter Maat | Others

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Iowa State Fair Presidential Straw Poll[94] | 143  | August 21, 2023  | 4%  | 2%  | 19% |  | 3%  | 74%[ao]
Suffolk University Massachusetts Poll[95] | 10  | February 2, 2024 - February 5, 2024  | 10% | 0%  | 10% | 0%  | 0%  | 70%[ap]

## Campaign finance[edit | edit source]

According to campaign finance laws, an individual must begin filing reports once they raise or spend more than $5,000. This fundraising table includes money raised and spent as of June 30, 2023. As Smith had not officially announced his campaign as of that date, he has not reported any fundraising. Fundraising reports for the third quarter must be filed by October 15, 2023.[96]

Overview of campaign financing for candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries  through June 30, 2023  Candidate  | Total raised  | Total raised
since last quarter  | Individual contributions  | Debt  | Spent  | Spent since
last quarter  | COH

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Total  | Unitemized  | Pct
Hornberger[97] | $30,386  | $12,870  | $30,361  | $1,611  | 5.3%  | $0  | $13,338  | $3,807  | $17,048
Mapstead[98] | $158,414  | $151,193  | $2,300  | $1,800  | 78.3%  | $150,000  | $94,497  | $56,871  | $101,543
Oliver[99] | $24,164  | $5,432  | 22.5%  | $0  | $24,058  | $106
Smith, Joshua  | $0  | $0  | $0  | $0  | 0.0%  | $0  | $0  | $0  | $0
ter Maat[100] | $126,805  | $6,961  | $1,937  | 27.8%  | $0  | $96,820  | $29,985
Exotic[101][aq] | $10,294  | 100.0%  | $0  | $8,530  | $1,764

## Schedule[edit | edit source]

Caucuses and primaries in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries  Date  | Primaries/caucuses  | Ref

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January 13  | Arizona convention | [3]
January 15  | Iowa caucus | [102]
February 3  | Alabama convention | [103]
February 24  | Mississippi convention | [6]
February 27  | Minnesota caucus | [104]
March 2  | Indiana convention | [105]
Pennsylvania convention | [106]
March 5  | California primary | [107]
Oklahoma primary  | [108]
Massachusetts primary | [109]
North Carolina primary | [110]
May 14  | Nebraska primary | [111]
May 24–26  | Convention |
June 4  | New Mexico primary | [112]

### Ballot access[edit | edit source]

The following is a table for which candidates have received ballot access in which states.  indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest,  indicates that the candidate was a recognized write-in candidate, and  indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest.  indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but was still listed on the ballot. If a state does not appear in the table, the filing deadline in the state has not passed.

Ballot access in the 2024 Libertarian presidential preference contests  State  | Date  | Ballay  | Hornberger  | Mapstead  | Oliver  | Olivier  | Rectenwald  | Smith  | ter Maat  | Other  | Ref

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AZ | Jan 13  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [113]
IA | Jan 15  | Ballot access not required |
AL | Feb 3  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [ar] | [114]
MS | Feb 24  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [as] | [6]
MN | Feb 27  | All FEC filed candidates qualified | [104]
IN | Mar 2  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [115]
PA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [at] | [106]
MA | Mar 5  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [116]
NC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [au] | [117]
CA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [118][119]
OK |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [120]
NE | May 14  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [121]
NM | Jun 4  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [122]

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Third party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election
* 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
* 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries
* 2024 Green Party presidential primaries
* 2024 United States presidential election

## Notes[edit | edit source]

1. ^ a b c d e f Popular vote totals are incomplete as some contests do not report raw vote totals.
2. ^ Includes ‘No Preference’ in North Carolina
3. ^ a b Popular Vote Unavailable
4. ^ Not included in popular vote total
5. ^ 4 votes for Vivek Ramaswamy (Not a candidate), 2 votes for Robert Sansone, 2 votes for Mario Perales, 1 vote for Art Olivier
6. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
7. ^ 1 vote for David Reed DeSilva III
8. ^ As a write-in candidate
9. ^ 4 votes for Art Olivier, 1 vote for Joseph Collins Jr., 2 write-in votes for Toad Anderson, 1 write-in vote for Dave Smith (not a candidate), and 1 write-in vote for Rowan Atkinson (not a candidate)
10. ^ 464 votes (9.1%) for David (TrimeTaveler) Dunlap, 320 votes (6.3%) for Beau Lindsey, 162 votes (3.2%) for John “Toad” Anderson
11. ^ Listed as No Preference
12. ^ As a write-in candidate[12]
13. ^ Scattered write-ins
14. ^ 5.7% for Scattered write-ins, 1.2% for David "Trime Taveler" Dunlap, 0.9% for Beau Lindsey, 0.4% for John "Toad" Anderson, <0.1% for Art Olivier, Vivek Ramaswamy (ran as a Republican), Robert Sansone, Mario Perales, David Reed DeSilva III, Joseph Collins Jr., Dave Smith (not a candidate)
15. ^ Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
16. ^ Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
17. ^ To qualify candidates needed to have raised $10,000 and to have campaigned in ten states[60]
18. ^ Participated virtually
19. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
20. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
21. ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
22. ^ Toad Anderson
23. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
24. ^ Only candidates on the ballot in Oklahoma were invited.[68]
25. ^ David 'TrimeTaveler' Dunlap was advertised as a candidate but did not attend
26. ^ Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (running as independent). Jill Stein (running for Green Party nomination) was advertised as a participant but did not attend
27. ^ Cornel West (running as independent)
28. ^ Joseph Collins Jr. was advertised as a participant but did not attend
29. ^ Was advertised as a participant but did not attend
30. ^ Joshua Rodriguez was advertised as a participant but did not attend
31. ^ Was advertised as a participant but did not attend
32. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
Jill Stein (running for Green Party nomination) was advertised as a participant but did not attend
33. ^ Joseph Collins Jr., Brett Dillon (running as an Independent)
34. ^ The four campaigns whose supporters raised the most money in the state's 'Vote with your dollars' campaign will qualify for the debate
35. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
36. ^ Oliver was not officially in the race
37. ^ Joshua Rodriguez
38. ^ Oliver was not officially in the race
39. ^ Invited but did not attend[90]
40. ^ Joshua Rodriguez
41. ^ Avouris 8%, Babicz 4%, Biondi 8%, DeLeon 2%, DeSilva 6%, Dunlap 4%, Ferry 4%, Gagnon 3%, Garcia 7%, Lee 1%, Rodriguez 1%, Stewart 6%, Vaught Jr. 1%, Wagner 19%
42. ^ Undecided 70%
43. ^ Note that this table also includes fundraising data from Exotic's campaign as a Democratic presidential candidate.
44. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
45. ^ Joseph Collins Jr., write-ins were also counted
46. ^ Joseph Collins Jr.
47. ^ Toad Anderson, David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap, Beau Lindsey

## References[edit | edit source]

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(2023 <-)  2024 United States elections (-> 2025)

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