2024 United States elections

U.S. political contexts

2024 United States elections← 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 →
Presidential election year

Election day| November 5
Incumbent president| Joe Biden (Democratic)
Next Congress| 119th
Presidential election
Electoral vote

Error: Image is invalid or non-existent.

The electoral map for the 2024 election, based on populations from the 2020 census
Senate elections
Seats contested| 34 of the 100 seats
(32 Class I seats, 1 Class II special election seat, 1 class I special and general election seat)

Error: Image is invalid or non-existent.

Map of the 2024 Senate races
Democratic incumbent Democratic incumbent retiring
Republican incumbent Republican incumbent retiring
Independent incumbent Independent incumbent retiring
No election
House elections
Seats contested| All 435 voting-members
All six non-voting delegates
File:2024 United States House of Representatives elections retirements or losses of renomination map.svg
Map of the 2024 House races
Democratic incumbent Democratic incumbent retiring
Republican incumbent Republican incumbent retiring
Vacant District map struck down
Gubernatorial elections
Seats contested| 13

Error: Image is invalid or non-existent.

Map of the 2024 gubernatorial elections
Term-limited or retiring Democrat
Republican incumbent Term-limited or retiring Republican
New Progressive incumbent
Nonpartisan No election

The 2024 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024. During this presidential election year, the president and vice president will be elected. In addition, all 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives and 34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate will be contested to determine the membership of the 119th United States Congress. Thirteen state and territorial governorships and numerous other state and local elections will also be contested.

## Contents

* 1 Issues
* 1.1 Abortion policy after the Dobbs ruling
* 1.2 Indictments and criminal proceedings involving Donald Trump
* 1.2.1 New York hush-money business records case
* 1.2.2 Federal special-counsel cases (classified documents and election-interference charges)
* 1.2.3 Georgia 2020 election racketeering case
* 1.2.4 Allegations of politicization and differing interpretations
* 2 Federal elections
* 2.1 Presidential election
* 2.2 Congressional elections
* 2.2.1 Senate elections
* 2.2.1.1 Special elections
* 2.2.2 House of Representatives elections
* 2.2.2.1 Special elections
* 3 State elections
* 3.1 Gubernatorial elections
* 3.2 Attorney general elections
* 3.3 Secretary of State elections
* 3.4 State Treasurer elections
* 3.5 Legislative elections
* 3.6 Other executive and judicial elections
* 4 Local elections
* 4.1 Mayoral elections
* 4.1.1 Eligible incumbents
* 4.1.2 Ineligible or retiring incumbents
* 4.1.3 Seats that changed parties
* 5 Table of state, territorial, and federal results
* 6 Violent threats
* 7 Notes
* 8 References

## Issues[edit | edit source]

See also: 2024 United States presidential election § Campaign issues

### Abortion policy after the Dobbs ruling[edit | edit source]

The 2024 elections occurred during the first presidential cycle after the Supreme Court’s 2022 decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, which ended federal constitutional protections for abortion and returned regulatory authority to the states. By late 2024, the resulting patchwork of laws created sharply different policy environments across the country, with near-total bans in several Republican-led states, early-term restrictions in others, and broad legal access preserved in most Democratic-led jurisdictions.[1]

Voters in several states continued to determine abortion policy directly through referenda. These ballot measures followed a trend that emerged in 2022 and 2023, in which proposals aimed at expanding or protecting abortion access prevailed even in politically divided or Republican-leaning states. By 2024, multiple states again placed abortion-related initiatives before voters, illustrating the extent to which post-Dobbs policymaking had shifted to state-level electoral processes.[1][2]

The issue remained influential in competitive federal and statewide contests. Reporting during the 2024 cycle found that Republican candidates in closely divided states often adjusted their public messaging to avoid maximalist positions or to emphasize exceptions related to rape, incest, and risks to a mother’s life. Some candidates who previously supported total prohibitions adopted more limited or exception-based rhetoric, reflecting strategic responses to voter concerns following Dobbs.[3] In North Carolina, for example, Republican gubernatorial nominee Mark Robinson moderated earlier positions favoring a complete ban and expressed support for legislation tied to “heartbeat” thresholds and limited exceptions, a shift consistent with similar recalibrations among candidates in other battleground states.[4]

Election outcomes in 2024 continued to show variation across states depending on legal context and ballot structure. In jurisdictions with statewide referenda, results demonstrated the importance many voters placed on directly shaping abortion policy, while traditional partisan dynamics dominated in states without such measures. Coverage of election-night outcomes in states including Florida, South Dakota, and Missouri illustrated that abortion-related questions could mobilize turnout and influence both statewide and down-ballot contests.[2]

### Indictments and criminal proceedings involving Donald Trump[edit | edit source]

Criminal investigations and prosecutions involving former president and 2024 Republican nominee Donald Trump shaped much of the national political environment during the 2024 election cycle. Four major criminal cases were brought against him between 2023 and 2024: a New York state case involving business records and hush-money payments, a Georgia racketeering case tied to the 2020 election, and two federal special-counsel cases involving classified documents and alleged obstruction of the 2020 election results.[5][6]

#### New York hush-money business records case[edit | edit source]

On 30 March 2023, a Manhattan grand jury indicted Trump on charges of falsifying business records in connection with payments made ahead of the 2016 election to an adult-film actress who alleged a prior sexual encounter. The prosecution centered on how reimbursements were recorded in corporate ledgers rather than on the underlying personal conduct.[7]

In May 2024, a New York jury found Trump guilty on 34 felony counts of falsifying business records, making him the first former U.S. president convicted of felony crimes.[8] Sentencing was repeatedly delayed and ultimately resolved without imprisonment after Trump won the 2024 election; according to later reporting, he received an unconditional discharge from jail time while continuing to pursue appeals of the conviction.[6]

#### Federal special-counsel cases (classified documents and election-interference charges)[edit | edit source]

Pursuant to the November 2022 appointment of Special Counsel Jack Smith, a federal grand jury in South Florida returned an indictment on 8 June 2023 charging Trump with multiple counts related to the retention of classified documents and alleged obstruction of government efforts to recover them.[5][8] Separately, on 1 August 2023, a Washington, D.C., grand jury indicted Trump on four felony counts, including conspiracy to defraud the United States and obstruction of an official proceeding, based on his efforts to challenge the 2020 election results and his conduct surrounding the events of 6 January 2021.[9]

Throughout 2024, both federal cases remained in pre-trial phases, with extensive litigation over questions such as venue, presidential immunity, and the timing of any trial relative to the election calendar.[8] After Trump’s victory in the November 2024 presidential election and his subsequent return to the White House, the Justice Department ultimately dropped the federal classified-documents and election-interference prosecutions, citing long-standing department policies and constitutional concerns about trying to criminally prosecute a sitting president.[6] Court records and contemporaneous coverage reported that, as a result, Trump faced no ongoing federal criminal exposure from those two special-counsel cases as of late 2025.[6]

#### Georgia 2020 election racketeering case[edit | edit source]

On 14 August 2023, a grand jury in Fulton County, Georgia, indicted Trump and multiple codefendants under the state’s racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations (RICO) statute and other laws. The indictment alleged that the defendants participated in a multi-part scheme to overturn the certified 2020 presidential election results in Georgia, including efforts to pressure state officials and the organization of alternate slates of electors.[10]

Pre-trial proceedings in 2024 focused on removal attempts, motions to disqualify District Attorney Fani Willis over her relationship with a contracted prosecutor, and severance requests by codefendants. The case became a focal point for broader national arguments about “weaponization” of the justice system, with Trump and his allies denying wrongdoing and characterizing the prosecution as politically motivated.[11]

In November 2025, following Willis’s removal from the case and the appointment of a new prosecutor, the Georgia charges against Trump were dismissed when the new office declined to proceed. National coverage described the decision as ending the last of the four criminal cases that had threatened to subject Trump to incarceration during his campaign and early second term.[6][12]

#### Allegations of politicization and differing interpretations[edit | edit source]

From the outset, the criminal cases against Trump were sharply contested in public opinion. Supporters of the prosecutions argued that they represented ordinary application of criminal law to a former president and candidate who, in their view, had engaged in serious misconduct. Trump and many of his allies, by contrast, described the indictments as examples of partisan lawfare intended to influence the 2024 election and damage his political viability.[6][11]

Accusations of “weaponization” of the Justice Department and state prosecutors did not come solely from Republicans. In 2025, Democratic Representative Henry Cuellar of Texas, who had been indicted on federal bribery and money-laundering charges under the Biden administration before receiving a pardon from President Trump, publicly characterized his own case as “weaponized” and drew parallels to Trump’s situation, while maintaining his Democratic affiliation.[13][14]

By late 2025, Associated Press summaries noted that all four criminal cases filed against Trump had either been dropped, resolved without imprisonment, or otherwise set aside, leaving the New York business-records conviction as his only standing criminal judgment, and shifting ongoing legal disputes into the civil realm through appeals in defamation and fraud cases.[6]

## Federal elections[edit | edit source]

The 2024 federal elections determined control of the presidency and both chambers of Congress for the 119th United States Congress. National attention focused heavily on the presidential race, which saw former president Donald J. Trump defeat Vice President Kamala Harris following President Joe Biden’s withdrawal from the campaign. The election featured unusually high turnout, significant shifts in several battleground states, and the first Republican victory in the national popular vote since 2004.[15][16]

### Presidential election[edit | edit source]

Main article: 2024 United States presidential election

The 2024 United States presidential election was the 60th quadrennial contest and the first conducted under the Electoral College apportionment derived from the 2020 census. Former president Donald J. Trump won both the Electoral College and the national popular vote, defeating Vice President Kamala Harris, who became the Democratic nominee after President Joe Biden ended his campaign in July 2024. Trump secured 270 electoral votes and approximately 77.3 million popular votes (49.91 percent), while Harris received 226 electoral votes and about 75.0 million popular votes (48.43 percent). Total turnout exceeded 154.9 million votes nationwide.[15][16]

President Joe Biden initially sought a second term with Vice President Kamala Harris but encountered growing concerns about his cognitive acuity following several public events in mid-2024. Senior Democratic officials and major donors pressed Biden to withdraw, citing electability concerns. On July 21, 2024, Biden ended his reelection campaign and endorsed Harris as the Democratic nominee.[17][18]

Democrats formally nominated Harris in August 2024. Throughout the final months of the campaign, multiple polling averages and independent analyses showed Harris consistently trailing Trump in key battleground states and among undecided voters.[19][20]

Donald Trump announced his candidacy in November 2022 and maintained a dominant position throughout the Republican primaries. Former South Carolina governor Nikki Haley suspended her campaign after Super Tuesday, while Florida governor Ron DeSantis withdrew earlier, endorsing Trump. Trump secured the Republican nomination in March 2024 and selected Ohio senator J.D. Vance as his running mate.[21][22][23]

Independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. pursued a nationwide third-party campaign with uneven ballot access. While early polling showed him drawing significant support, his vote share declined substantially by Election Day as voters consolidated behind the major-party candidates.[24]

Post-election reviews documented the extent of the Republican victory across battleground states. Analyses highlighted strong Republican gains among working-class voters, Hispanic voters, and younger male voters compared with the 2020 election. These shifts contributed both to Trump’s popular-vote plurality and to his path to 270 electoral votes.[25][26]

### Congressional elections[edit | edit source]

The 2024 United States congressional elections were held on November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 November 2024 general election, to elect all 435 voting members of the House of Representatives and 34 members of the United States Senate for the 119th Congress (2025–2027).

In the Senate, Republicans gained a net four seats and flipped majority control from the Democrats, resulting in a 53–47 Republican majority, the first Republican Senate majority since the 114th through 118th Congresses (2015–2021).[27][28]

In the House of Representatives, Republicans retained a narrow majority of 220–215, the smallest majority for either party since the 72nd Congress (1931–1933).[29][30]

#### Senate elections[edit | edit source]

Main article: 2024 United States Senate elections

All 33 regularly scheduled Class 1 seats plus two special elections (California Class 1 and Nebraska Class 2) were contested, for a total of 35 seats.

Entering the cycle, Democrats and independents who caucused with them held a 51–49 majority. Democrats defended 23 of the 35 seats up for election, including three in states that Donald Trump carried by double-digit margins in both 2016 and 2020: Montana, Ohio, and West Virginia.[31][32][33][34]

##### Special elections[edit | edit source]

Two special elections were held concurrently with the November 5, 2024, general election to fill vacancies that arose during the 118th Congress:

* Nebraska (Class 2): Republican Ben Sasse resigned January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida. Governor Jim Pillen appointed former governor Pete Ricketts to the seat. Ricketts won the special election with 62.6% of the vote against Democrat Preston Love Jr.[35][36]

* California (Class 1): Democrat Dianne Feinstein died September 29, 2023. Governor Gavin Newsom appointed Laphonza Butler to the seat. Democrat Adam Schiff defeated Republican Steve Garvey in both the regular and special elections held November 5, 2024, receiving approximately 58.8% in the special election (for the remainder of Feinstein's term) and 58.1% for the full six-year term.[37][38]

#### House of Representatives elections[edit | edit source]

Main article: 2024 United States House of Representatives elections

All 435 voting seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election, along with non-voting members representing the District of Columbia and the five permanently inhabited U.S. territories.

Republicans retained a narrow majority of 220–215 seats, the smallest majority for either party since the 72nd Congress (1931–1933), after Democrats gained a net of one seat.[39][40]

Republicans held a 222–213 majority in the House following the 2022 U.S. House elections.[41]

##### Special elections[edit | edit source]

Five special elections to the House of Representatives were held in 2024 to fill vacancies during the 118th Congress:

* New York's 3rd congressional district: Republican George Santos was expelled on December 1, 2023, for making false biographical statements and alleged misuse of campaign funds. Democrat Tom Suozzi defeated Republican Mazi Melesa Pilip 53.9%–46.1% in the February 13, 2024, special election. The district has a partisan index of D+2.[42][43][44]

* New York's 26th congressional district: Democrat Brian Higgins resigned on February 2, 2024, to become president of Shea's Performing Arts Center. Democrat Tim Kennedy defeated Republican Gary Dickson 68.6%–31.4% in the April 30, 2024, special election. The district has a partisan index of D+9.[45][43][46]

* California's 20th congressional district: Republican Kevin McCarthy resigned on December 31, 2023. Republican Vince Fong defeated Republican Mike Boudreaux 60.6%–39.4% in the May 21, 2024, special runoff election. The district has a partisan index of R+16.[47][43][48]

* Ohio's 6th congressional district: Republican Bill Johnson resigned on January 21, 2024, to become president of Youngstown State University. Republican Michael Rulli defeated Democrat Michael Kripchak 54.6%–45.3% in the June 11, 2024, special election. The district has a partisan index of R+16.[49][43][50]

* Colorado's 4th congressional district: Republican Ken Buck resigned on March 22, 2024. Republican Greg Lopez defeated Democrat Trisha Calvarese 58.4%–34.4% in the June 25, 2024, special election. The district has a partisan index of R+13.[51][43][52]

## State elections[edit | edit source]

Elections took place on November 5, 2024, for various state executive offices and legislative chambers across the United States, alongside the presidential and congressional contests.

### Gubernatorial elections[edit | edit source]

Main article: 2024 United States gubernatorial elections

Contests were held for the governorships of eleven states and two territories: American Samoa, Delaware, Indiana, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, Puerto Rico, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and West Virginia.

Republicans won eight of the eleven state races and also secured the governorship in American Samoa, while the New Progressive Party retained Puerto Rico's office; no partisan flips occurred, preserving the national balance at 27 Republican and 23 Democratic governors.[53][54]

### Attorney general elections[edit | edit source]

Main article: 2024 United States attorney general elections

Ten states held elections for attorney general: Indiana, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and West Virginia.

Republicans captured six seats while Democrats won four, resulting in a net Republican gain of one and a final national balance of 28 Republican and 23 Democratic attorneys general.[55][56]

### Secretary of State elections[edit | edit source]

Main article: 2024 United States secretary of state elections

Seven states conducted elections for secretary of state: Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, and West Virginia.

Both parties retained their existing seats, maintaining a national partisan split of 26 Republican and 21 Democratic secretaries of state.[57][58]

### State Treasurer elections[edit | edit source]

Main article: 2024 United States state treasurer elections

Nine states plus a special election in Arkansas held contests for state treasurer or equivalent: Arkansas, Indiana, Missouri, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and West Virginia.

Republicans defended all seven of their seats up for election, while Democrats held their three, leaving the national composition unchanged at 25 Republican and 12 Democratic treasurers.[59]

### Legislative elections[edit | edit source]

Main article: 2024 United States state legislative elections

Regularly scheduled elections occurred in 85 of the 99 state legislative chambers across 44 states, covering 5,807 seats.

Republicans achieved modest net gains of about 50 seats overall, flipping control of the Michigan House to end that state's Democratic trifecta and tying the Minnesota House; Democrats broke Republican supermajorities in Montana and Wisconsin's Senate but lost trifectas in Michigan and Minnesota, resulting in 28 Republican-controlled legislatures, 18 Democratic, and three divided.[60][61]

### Other executive and judicial elections[edit | edit source]

See also: State supreme court § Selection, and List of U.S. statewide elected officials

Besides the major statewide offices, voters in multiple states selected additional executive roles such as lieutenant governors, auditors, superintendents of public instruction, and commissioners of agriculture, insurance, and labor, along with numerous judicial positions including state supreme court justices.

No comprehensive national partisan shifts were reported in these down-ballot executive races, though Republicans maintained advantages in most agricultural and insurance commissioner positions.[62]

## Local elections[edit | edit source]

### Mayoral elections[edit | edit source]

Numerous cities across the United States held mayoral elections in 2024, with 34 contests in the 100 largest cities by population.

Democrats secured a net gain of one mayoral office in those races, resulting in 64 Democratic, 25 Republican, one Libertarian, three independent, four nonpartisan, and three unaffiliated mayors among the top 100 cities upon inauguration.[63]

#### Eligible incumbents[edit | edit source]

* Anchorage, Alaska: Incumbent Dave Bronson lost re-election to independent Suzanne LaFrance.[64]

* Austin, Texas: Incumbent Kirk Watson won re-election.[65]

* Bakersfield, California: Incumbent Karen Goh won re-election.[66]

* Baltimore, Maryland: Incumbent Brandon Scott won re-election.[67]

* Bridgeport, Connecticut: Incumbent Joe Ganim won re-election following a court-ordered redo of the 2023 primary and general election due to fraud allegations.[68]

* Corpus Christi, Texas: Incumbent Paulette Guajardo won re-election in a December 14, 2024, runoff.[69]

* Costa Mesa, California: Incumbent John Stephens won re-election.[70]

* El Paso, Texas: Incumbent Oscar Leeser did not seek re-election; Renard Johnson won the open seat in a December 14, 2024, runoff.[71]

* Fayetteville, Arkansas: Incumbent Lioneld Jordan lost re-election to Molly Rawn in a December 3, 2024, runoff.[72]

* Fresno, California: Incumbent Jerry Dyer won re-election.[73]

* Honolulu, Hawaii: Incumbent Rick Blangiardi won re-election outright in the August 10, 2024, primary.[74]

* Huntington, West Virginia: Incumbent Steve Williams did not seek re-election, instead running for governor; Patrick Farrell won the open seat.[75]

* Miami-Dade County, Florida: Incumbent Daniella Levine Cava won re-election outright in the August 20, 2024, primary.[76]

* Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Incumbent Cavalier Johnson won re-election to a full term.[77]

* Phoenix, Arizona: Incumbent Kate Gallego won re-election.[78]

* Raleigh, North Carolina: Incumbent Mary-Ann Baldwin did not seek re-election; Janet Cowell won the open seat.[79]

* Salt Lake County, Utah: Incumbent Jenny Wilson won re-election.[80]

* San Diego, California: Incumbent Todd Gloria won re-election.[81]

* San Francisco, California: Incumbent London Breed lost re-election to Daniel Lurie.[82]

* Springdale, Arkansas: Incumbent Doug Sprouse won re-election.[83]

* Stockton, California: Incumbent Kevin Lincoln did not seek re-election, instead running for Congress; Christina Fugazi won the open seat.[84]

#### Ineligible or retiring incumbents[edit | edit source]

* Alexandria, Virginia: Two-term incumbent Justin Wilson retired to run for lieutenant governor of Virginia. City councilor Alyia Gaskins won the uncontested general election with 93.9% of the vote.[85][86]
* Las Vegas, Nevada: Three-term incumbent Carolyn Goodman was term-limited. Former U.S. Representative Shelley Berkley (I/D) defeated city councilor Victoria Seaman (R) in the November 5 runoff, 53.2%–46.8%.[87]
* Portland, Oregon: Two-term incumbent Ted Wheeler retired. Businessman Keith Wilson defeated city commissioner Carmen Rubio in the November 5 ranked-choice general election.[88]
* Richmond, Virginia: Two-term incumbent Levar Stoney was term-limited. Danny Avula won the open seat.[89]
* Sacramento, California: Two-term incumbent Darrell Steinberg retired. Assemblyman Kevin McCarty narrowly defeated Flojaune Cofer in the November 5 runoff.[90]
* Tulsa, Oklahoma: Two-term incumbent G. T. Bynum was term-limited. State Rep. Monroe Nichols defeated county commissioner Karen Keith in the runoff.[91]
* Wilmington, Delaware: Two-term incumbent Mike Purzycki retired. Governor John Carney won the uncontested general election.[92]
* Wheeling, West Virginia: Two-term incumbent Glenn Elliott was term-limited and ran for U.S. Senate. Denny Magruder won the open seat.[93]

#### Seats that changed parties[edit | edit source]

* Pueblo, Colorado: City council president Heather Graham (R) defeated incumbent Nick Gradisar (D) in the January 23, 2024 runoff. Republican gain from Democratic. (officially nonpartisan)[94]
* Burlington, Vermont: Progressive Emma Mulvaney-Stanak defeated Democrat Joan Shannon, succeeding retiring Democrat Miro Weinberger. Progressive gain from Democratic.[95]

## Table of state, territorial, and federal results[edit | edit source]

See also: Political party strength in U.S. states

The following table summarizes the partisan outcomes of the 2024 presidential, congressional, gubernatorial, and state legislative elections across U.S. states and territories. Entries are included only for races held in 2024; states without elections in a category are marked with a dash (—). Senate results reflect the party of the winner for seats up for election (Class 1 and specials); overall Senate control per state is unchanged unless a flip occurred. House results show seats won by each major party. Gubernatorial and legislative results indicate the winning party for control (or nonpartisan where applicable). Territories do not participate in presidential elections or Senate races but elect non-voting House delegates; American Samoa and Nebraska legislatures are nonpartisan. Data reflects certified results as of December 2024.

State/Territory | 2022
PVI[96] | Before 2024 elections  | After 2024 elections

|
|
|

Governor | State leg. | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Pres.[a] | Governor | State leg. | U.S. Senate | U.S. House
Alabama | R+15 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 6–1 |  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  |
Alaska | R+8 | Rep  | Coalition[b] | Rep  | Dem 1–0 |  | Rep  |  | Rep  |
Arizona | R+2 | Dem  | Rep  | Split D/I[c] | Rep 6–3  |  | Dem  |  |  |
Arkansas | R+16 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 4–0 |  | Rep  |  | Rep  |
California | D+13 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 40–12  |  | Dem  |  |  |
Colorado | D+4 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 5–3  |  | Dem  |  | Dem  |
Connecticut | D+7 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 5–0 |  | Dem  |  |  |
Delaware | D+7 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 1–0 |  |  |  |  |
Florida | R+3 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 20–8  |  | Rep  |  |  |
Georgia | R+3 | Rep  | Rep  | Dem  | Rep 9–5  |  | Rep  |  | Dem  |
Hawaii | D+14 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 2–0 |  | Dem  |  |  |
Idaho | R+18 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 2–0 |  | Rep  |  | Rep  |
Illinois | D+7 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 14–3  |  | Dem  |  | Dem  |
Indiana | R+11 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 7–2 |  |  |  |  |
Iowa | R+6 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 4–0 |  | Rep  |  | Rep  |
Kansas | R+10 | Dem  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 3–1 |  | Dem  |  | Rep  |
Kentucky | R+16 | Dem  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 5–1 |  | Dem  |  | Rep  |
Louisiana | R+12 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 5–1 |  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  |
Maine | D+2 | Dem  | Dem  | Split R/I[d] | Dem 2–0  |  | Dem  |  |  |
Maryland | D+14 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 7–1 |  | Dem  | Dem  |  |
Massachusetts | D+15 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 9–0 |  | Dem  |  |  |
Michigan | R+1 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 7–6  |  | Dem  |  |  |
Minnesota | D+1 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Split 4–4 |  | Dem  |  |  |
Mississippi | R+11 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 3–1 |  | Rep  | Rep  |  |
Missouri | R+10 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 6–2 |  |  |  |  |
Montana | R+11 | Rep  | Rep  | Split | Rep 2–0 |  |  |  |  |
Nebraska | R+13 | Rep  | NP[e] | Rep  | Rep 3–0 |  | Rep  | NP[e] |  |
Nevada | R+1 | Rep  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 3–1 |  | Rep  |  |  |
New Hampshire | D+1 | Rep  | Rep  | Dem  | Dem 2–0 |  |  |  | Dem  |
New Jersey | D+6 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 9–3  |  | Dem  | Dem  |  |
New Mexico | D+3 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 3–0 |  | Dem  |  |  |
New York | D+10 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 16–10 |  | Dem  |  |  |
North Carolina | R+3 | Dem  | Rep  | Rep  | Split 7–7 |  |  |  | Rep  |
North Dakota | R+20 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 1–0 |  |  |  |  |
Ohio | R+6 | Rep  | Rep  | Split | Rep 10–5  |  | Rep  |  |  |
Oklahoma | R+20 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 5–0 |  | Rep  |  | Rep  |
Oregon | D+6 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 4-2  |  | Dem  |  | Dem  |
Pennsylvania | R+2 | Dem  | Split  | Dem  | Dem 9–8  |  | Dem  |  |  |
Rhode Island | D+8 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 2–0 |  | Dem  |  |  |
South Carolina | R+8 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 6–1 |  | Rep  |  | Rep  |
South Dakota | R+16 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 1–0 |  | Rep  |  | Rep  |
Tennessee | R+14 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 8–1  |  | Rep  |  |  |
Texas | R+5 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 25–13  |  | Rep  |  |  |
Utah | R+13 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 4–0 |  |  |  |  |
Vermont | D+16 | Rep  | Dem  | Split D/I[f] | Dem 1–0 |  |  |  |  |
Virginia | D+3 | Rep  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 6–5  |  | Rep  | Dem  |  |
Washington | D+8 | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem 8–2  |  |  |  |  |
West Virginia | R+22 | Rep  | Rep  | Split | Rep 2–0 |  |  |  |  |
Wisconsin | R+2 | Dem  | Rep  | Split | Rep 6–2 |  | Dem  |  |  |
Wyoming | R+25 | Rep  | Rep  | Rep  | Rep 1–0 |  | Rep  |  |  |
United States  | Even  | Rep  | Rep[b] | Dem  | Rep  |  |  |  |  |
Washington, D.C. | D+43 | Dem[g] | Dem[g] | —  | Dem  |  | Dem[g] |  | —  |
American Samoa | —  | NP/D[h] | NP  | Rep  | —  | NP  | NP  |
Guam | Dem  | Dem  | Rep  | [i] | Dem  |  |
N. Mariana Islands | Ind  | Coalition[j] | Dem  | —  | Ind  |  |
Puerto Rico | PNP/D[k] | PDP | PNP/R[l] |  |  |
U.S. Virgin Islands | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  | Dem  |  |
State/Territory  | PVI  | Governor | State leg. | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Pres. | Governor | State leg. | U.S. Senate | U.S. House
Before 2024 elections  | After 2024 elections

## Violent threats[edit | edit source]

Main article: 2023 swatting of American politicians

The election campaign has been marked by widespread doxxing, swatting, and threats against politicians and activists, with a particular series of incidents starting in December 2023.[98][99][100]

## Notes[edit | edit source]

1. ^ This column reflects the individual who won a plurality of the state's popular vote in the 2024 presidential election.
2. ^ a b A coalition of 19 Republicans, 2 Democrats, and 2 Independents controlled the Alaska House of Representatives, while a grand coalition of 9 Democrats and 8 Republicans controlled the Alaska Senate.
3. ^ One of Arizona's senators, Mark Kelly, is a Democrat. The other senator from Arizona, Kyrsten Sinema, was elected as a Democrat but registered as an Independent in December 2022.
4. ^ One of Maine's senators, Susan Collins, is a Republican. The other senator from Maine, Angus King, is an independent who has caucused with Democrats since taking office in 2013.
5. ^ a b Though a majority of its members identify as Republicans, the unicameral Nebraska Legislature is officially nonpartisan.
6. ^ One of Vermont's senators, Peter Welch, is a Democrat. The other senator from Vermont, Bernie Sanders, was elected as an independent and has caucused with Democrats since taking office in 2007.
7. ^ a b c The federal district does not have a governor or state legislature but elects the mayor of Washington, D.C., as well as the Council of the District of Columbia.
8. ^ Although elections for governor of American Samoa are non-partisan, Governor Lemanu Peleti Mauga affiliates with the Democratic Party.
9. ^ Although Guam does not have a vote in the Electoral College, the territory has held a presidential advisory vote for every presidential election since 1980.
10. ^ A coalition of independents and Democrats control the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives and Senate.[97]
11. ^ Puerto Rican Governor Pedro Pierluisi is a member of the Puerto Rican New Progressive Party, but affiliates with the Democratic Party at the national level.
12. ^ Puerto Rico's Resident Commissioner, Jenniffer González, was elected as a member of the New Progressive Party and has caucused with Republicans since taking office in 2017.

## References[edit | edit source]

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