1960 Summer Olympics

Multi-sport event in Rome, Italy

Games of the XVII OlympiadFile:1960 Summer Olympics logo.png

Emblem of the 1960 Summer Olympics

Location| Rome, Italy
Nations| 83
Athletes| 5,338 (4,727 men, 611 women)
Events| 150 in 17 sports (23 disciplines)
Opening| 25 August 1960
Closing| 11 September 1960
Opened by|

President Giovanni Gronchi[1]

Cauldron|

Giancarlo Peris[1]

Stadium| Stadio Olimpico

Summer

<- Melbourne 1956

Tokyo 1964 ->

Winter

<- Squaw Valley 1960

Innsbruck 1964 ->

1960 Summer Paralympics

The 1960 Summer Olympics (Italian: Giochi Olimpici estivi del 1960), officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad (Italian: Giochi della XVII Olimpiade) and commonly known as Rome 1960 (Italian: Roma 1960), were an international multi-sport event held from 25 August to 11 September 1960 in Rome, Italy. Rome had previously been awarded the administration of the 1908 Summer Olympics, but following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906, the city had no choice but to decline and pass the honour to London. The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals at the 1960 Games.

## Contents

* 1 Host city selection
* 2 Highlights
* 2.1 Lowlights
* 2.2 Historical landmarks
* 2.3 Non-medal winners
* 3 Broadcasting
* 4 Venues
* 5 Games
* 5.1 Participating National Olympic Committees
* 5.2 Sports
* 5.3 Calendar
* 5.4 Medal count
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Host city selection[edit | edit source]

On 15 June 1955, at the 50th IOC Session in Paris, France, Rome won the rights to host the 1960 Games, having beaten Brussels, Mexico City, Tokyo, Detroit, Budapest and finally Lausanne. Tokyo and Mexico City would subsequently host the proceeding 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics respectively.[2]

Toronto was initially interested in the bidding, but appears to have dropped out during the final phase of the bid process.[3] This was the first of five unsuccessful attempts by Toronto to secure the Summer Olympics from then until the 2008 games.

1960 Summer Olympics bidding results[4] City  | Country  | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3

|
|
|
|

Rome | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | 15 | 26 | 35
Lausanne | File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland | 14 | 21 | 24
Detroit | File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States | 6 | 11 | —
Budapest | File:Flag of Hungary (1949-1956; 1-2 aspect ratio).svg Hungary | 8 | 1 | —
Brussels |  Belgium | 6 | — | —
Mexico City | File:Flag of Mexico (1934-1968).svg Mexico | 6 | — | —
Tokyo | File:Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg Japan | 4 | — | —

## Highlights[edit | edit source]

File:Torcia Olimpica Roma 1960.jpg

The Olympic Torch of Rome 1960

* Swedish sprint canoeist Gert Fredriksson won his sixth Olympic title.
* Fencer Aladár Gerevich of Hungary won his sixth consecutive gold medal in the team sabre event.
* The Japanese men's gymnastics team won the first of five successive golds (see 1976 Summer Olympics).
* The United States men's national basketball team—led by promising college players Walt Bellamy, Jerry Lucas, Oscar Robertson and Jerry West—captured its fifth straight Olympic gold medal.
* Danish sailor Paul Elvstrøm won his fourth straight gold medal in the Finn class. Others to emulate his performance in an individual event are Al Oerter, Carl Lewis, Michael Phelps, Kaori Icho, Mijaín López and, if the Intercalated (Interspaced) Games of 1906 are included, Ray Ewry.
* German Armin Hary won the 100 metres in an Olympic record time of 10.2 seconds.
* Wilma Rudolph, a former polio patient, won three gold medals in sprint events on the track. She was acclaimed as "the fastest woman in the world".
* Jeff Farrell won two gold medals in swimming. He underwent an emergency appendectomy six days before the Olympic Trials.[5]

File:Abebe Bikila sprints away from Rhadi Ben Abdesselam.jpg

Abebe Bikila of Ethiopia wins the marathon barefooted

* Abebe Bikila of Ethiopia won the marathon barefooted to become the first black African Olympic champion.
* Young Cassius Clay, later known as Muhammad Ali, won boxing's light-heavyweight gold medal. Ramon "Buddy" Carr was his coach.[6]
* Herb Elliott of Australia won the men's 1500 meters in one of the most dominating performances in Olympic history.
* Rafer Johnson defeated his rival, fellow U.C.L.A. Bruin and friend C.K. Yang in one of the greatest Decathlon events in Olympic history.[7]
* Lance Larson of the United States was controversially denied a 100 metres freestyle swimming gold, despite showing the best time.
* 16-years-old phenom Chris von Saltza won four medals in women's swimming, three of them gold.
* The future Constantine II, last King of Greece (abdicated and ended hybrid monarchy, 1973) won his country a gold in sailing: dragon class.
* The Pakistani Men's Field Hockey team broke a run of Indian team victories since 1928, defeating India in the final and winning Pakistan's first Olympic gold medal.
* Wrestlers Shelby Wilson, and Doug Blubaugh, who wrestled together growing up, won gold medals in their respective weight classes.

### Lowlights[edit | edit source]

* Danish cyclist Knud Jensen collapsed during the 100km team race because of heat stroke and later died in the hospital. It was the second time (and as of 2022, the most recent) an athlete died in competition at the Olympics, after the death of Portuguese marathon runner Francisco Lázaro at the 1912 Summer Olympics.[8]

### Historical landmarks[edit | edit source]

* South Africa appeared in the Olympic arena for the last time under its apartheid regime. It would not be allowed to return until 1992, by when apartheid in sport was being abolished.
* Singapore competed for the first time under its own flag, which was to become its national flag after independence, as the British had granted it self-government a year earlier. Tan Howe Liang won silver in the Weightlifting lightweight category, which was the first time (and the only time until 2008) that an athlete from Singapore won an Olympic medal.

### Non-medal winners[edit | edit source]

* Finnish Vilho Ylönen, a field shooter, shot a bullseye to a wrong target, and in so doing he dropped from second place to fourth.
* Peter Camejo, a 2004 American vice-presidential candidate for the Green Party, competed in yachting for Venezuela.
* The future Queen Sofía of Spain represented her native Greece in sailing events.

## Broadcasting[edit | edit source]

* CBS paid US$394,000 (equivalent to $3,608,934 in 2021) for the exclusive right to broadcast the Games in the United States. This was the first Summer Olympic games to be telecast in North America. In addition to CBS in the United States, the Olympics were telecast for the first time in Canada (on CBC Television) and in Mexico (through the networks of Telesistema Mexicano). Since television broadcast satellites were still two years into the future, CBS, CBC, and TSM shot and edited videotapes in Rome, fed the tapes to Paris where they were re-recorded onto other tapes which were then loaded onto jet planes to North America. Planes carrying the tapes landed at Idlewild Airport in New York City, where mobile units fed the tapes to CBS, to Toronto for the CBC, and to Mexico City for TSM. Despite this arrangement, many daytime events were broadcast in North America, especially on CBS and CBC, the same day they took place.[9]

## Venues[edit | edit source]

Main article: Venues of the 1960 Summer Olympics

File:Rome Olympics 1960 - Opening Day.jpg

Opening Ceremony in 1960 Summer Olympics in Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy

* Olympic Stadium2 (Stadio Olimpico) – opening/closing ceremonies, athletics, equestrian events
* Flaminio Stadium1 (Stadio Flaminio) – football finals
* Swimming Stadium1 – swimming, diving, water polo, modern pentathlon (swimming)
* Sports Palace1 (Palazzo dello sport) – basketball, boxing
* Olympic Velodrome1 – cycling (track), field hockey
* Small Sports Palace1 (Palazzetto dello Sport) – basketball, weightlifting
* Marble Stadium2 (Stadio dei Marmi) – field hockey preliminaries
* Baths of Caracalla – gymnastics
* Basilica of Maxentius – wrestling
* Palazzo dei Congressi – fencing
* Umberto I Shooting Range1 – modern pentathlon (shooting), shooting (pistol/ rifle)
* Roses Swimming Pool1 (Piscina delle Rose) – water polo
* Lake Albano, Castelgandolfo – rowing, canoeing
* Piazza di Siena, Villa Borghese gardens – equestrian (dressage, eventing – jumping, jumping – individual)
* Pratoni del Vivaro, Rocca di Papa – equestrian (eventing)
* Gulf of Naples, Naples – yachting
* Communal Stadium, Florence – football/soccer preliminaries
* Communal Stadium, Grosseto – football/soccer preliminaries
* Communal Stadium, L'Aquila – football/soccer preliminaries
* Ardenza Stadium, Livorno – football/soccer preliminaries
* Adriatico Stadium, Pescara – football/soccer preliminaries
* Saint Paul's Stadium, Naples – football/soccer preliminaries
* Campo Tre Fontane – field hockey preliminaries
* Acqua Santa Golf Club Course – modern pentathlon (running)
* Arch of Constantine – athletics (marathon finish)
* Cesano Infantry School Range – shooting (300 m free rifle)
* Lazio Pigeon Shooting Stand – shooting (trap shotgun)
* Passo Corese – modern pentathlon (riding)
* Grande Raccordo Anulare – athletics (marathon)
* Via Appian Antica – athletics (marathon)
* Via Cassia – cycling (individual road race)
* Via Flaminia – cycling (individual road race)
* Via Cristoforo Colombo – athletics (marathon), cycling (road team time trial)
* Via di Grottarossa – cycling (individual road race)

1 New facilities constructed in preparation for the Olympic Games. 2 Existing facilities modified or refurbished in preparation for the Olympic Games.

## Games[edit | edit source]

### Participating National Olympic Committees[edit | edit source]

File:1960 Summer Olympic games countries.png

Participants

File:1960 Summer olympics team numbers.gif

Number of athletes per country

A total of 83 nations participated at the Rome Games. Athletes from Morocco, San Marino, Sudan, and Tunisia competed at the Olympic Games for the first time. Athletes from Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago would represent the new (British) West Indies Federation, competing as "Antilles", but this nation would only exist for this single Olympiad. Athletes from Northern Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia competed under the Rhodesia name while representing the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Athletes from East Germany and West Germany would compete as the United Team of Germany from 1956 to 1964. The number in parentheses indicates the number of participants that each country contributed.

Participating National Olympic Committees

* File:Flag of Afghanistan (1931–1973).svg Afghanistan (13)
* File:Flag of the West Indies Federation.svg British West Indies (13)
* File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina (101)
* File:Flag of Australia.svg Australia (209)
* File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria (118)
* File:Flag of the Bahamas (1953–1964).svg Bahamas (17)
* File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium (108)
* File:Flag of Bermuda (1910–1999).svg Bermuda (9)
* File:Flag of Brazil (1960-1968).svg Brazil (72)
* File:Flag of British Guiana (1955–1966).svg Guyana (5)
* File:Flag of Bulgaria (1948-1967).svg Bulgaria (116)
* File:Flag of Burma (1948–1974).svg Burma (10)
* File:Canadian Red Ensign (1957-1965).svg Canada (86)
* File:Flag of Ceylon (1951-1972).svg Ceylon (5)
* File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile (9)
* File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia (17)
* File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba (12)
* File:Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg Czechoslovakia (116)
* File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark (100)
* File:Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg Ethiopia (12)
* File:Flag of Fiji 1924-1970.svg Fiji (2)
* File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland (117)
* File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Formosa (27)
* File:Flag of France.svg France (238)
* File:Flag of the German Olympic Team (1960-1968).svg United Team of Germany (293)
* File:Flag of the Union of African States (1958-1961).svg Ghana (13)
* File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Great Britain (253)
* File:Flag of Greece (1828-1978).svg Greece (48)
* File:Flag of Haiti (1859–1964).svg Haiti (1)
* File:Flag of Hong Kong (1959–1997).svg Hong Kong (4)
* File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary (184)
* File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland (9)
* File:Flag of India.svg India (45)
* File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia (22)
* File:State Flag of Iran (1933-1964).svg Iran (23)
* File:Flag of Iraq (1959-1963).svg Iraq (21)
* File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland (49)
* File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel (23)
* File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy (280) (host)
* File:Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg Japan (162)
* File:Flag of British East Africa.svg Kenya (27)
* File:Flag of South Korea (1949-1984).png South Korea (35)
* File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon (19)
* File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia (4)
* File:Flag of Liechtenstein (1937–1982).svg Liechtenstein (5)
* File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg (52)
* File:Flag of Malaya.svg Malaya (9)
* File:Flag of Malta (1943-1964).svg Malta (10)
* File:Flag of Mexico (1934-1968).svg Mexico (69)
* File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco (11)
* File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco (47)
* File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands (110)
* File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg Netherlands Antilles (5)
* File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand (37)
* File:Flag of Nigeria (1952–1960).svg Nigeria (12)
* File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway (40)
* File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan (44)
* File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama (6)
* File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru (31)
* File:Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg Philippines (40)
* File:Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg Poland (185)
* File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal (65)
* File:Flag of Puerto Rico (1952-1995).svg Puerto Rico (27)
* File:Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.svg Rhodesia (14)
* File:Flag of Romania (1952-1965).svg Romania (98)
* File:Flag of San Marino (before 2011).svg San Marino (9)
* File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore (5)
* File:Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg South Africa (55)
* File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union (283)
* File:Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg Spain (144)
* File:Flag of Sudan (1956-1970).svg Sudan (10)
* File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden (134)
* File:Flag of Switzerland.svg Switzerland (149)
* File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand (20)
* File:Pre-1999 Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia (42)
* File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey (49)
* File:Flag of the Uganda Protectorate.svg Uganda (10)
* File:Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg United Arab Republic (74)
* File:Flag of the United States.svg United States (292)
* File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay (34)
* File:Flag of Venezuela (1954–2006).png Venezuela (36)
* File:Flag of South Vietnam.svg Vietnam (3)
* File:Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg Yugoslavia (116)

* File:Flag of Dutch Guyana.svg Suriname also made its first Olympic appearance, but its lone athlete (Wim Esajas) withdrew from competition due to a scheduling error.[10]

### Sports[edit | edit source]

The 1960 Summer Olympics featured 17 different sports encompassing 23 disciplines, and medals were awarded in 150 events. In the list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.

* Aquatics
* File:Diving pictogram.svg Diving (4)
* File:Swimming pictogram.svg Swimming (15)
* File:Water polo pictogram.svg Water polo (1)
* File:Athletics pictogram.svg Athletics (34)
* File:Basketball pictogram.svg Basketball (1)
* File:Boxing pictogram.svg Boxing (10)
* File:Canoeing (slalom) pictogram.svg Canoeing (7)
* File:Cycling (road) pictogram.svg Cycling
* Road (2)
* Track (4)
* File:Equestrian pictogram.svg Equestrian
* Dressage (1)
* Eventing (2)
* Jumping (2)
* File:Fencing pictogram.svg Fencing (8)
* File:Field hockey pictogram.svg Field hockey (1)
* File:Football pictogram.svg Football (1)
* File:Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg Gymnastics (14)
* File:Modern pentathlon pictogram.svg Modern pentathlon (2)
* File:Rowing pictogram.svg Rowing (7)
* File:Sailing pictogram.svg Sailing (5)
* File:Shooting pictogram.svg Shooting (6)
* File:Weightlifting pictogram.svg Weightlifting (7)
* File:Wrestling pictogram.svg Wrestling
* Freestyle (8)
* Greco-Roman (8)

### Calendar[edit | edit source]

All dates are in Central European Time (UTC+1)

See also: Chronological summary of the 1960 Summer Olympics

OC | Opening ceremony  | ● | Event competitions  | 1 | Gold medal events  | CC | Closing ceremony

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

August / September  | 25
Thu  | 26
Fri  | 27
Sat  | 28
Sun  | 29
Mon  | 30
Tue  | 31
Wed  | 1
Thu  | 2
Fri  | 3
Sat  | 4
Sun  | 5
Mon  | 6
Tue  | 7
Wed  | 8
Thu  | 9
Fri  | 10
Sat  | 11
Sun  | Events

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

File:Olympic Rings Icon.svg Ceremonies | OC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CC | —
File:Athletics pictogram.svg Athletics |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 | 4 | 7 | 3 |  | 3 | 4 | 4 | 6 |  | 1 |  | 34
File:Basketball pictogram.svg Basketball |  | ●  | ●  |  | ●  |  |  | ●  | ●  | ●  |  |  |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | 1 |  | 1
File:Boxing pictogram.svg Boxing | ●  | ●  | ●  |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  |  | 10 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10
File:Canoeing (flatwater) pictogram.svg Canoeing |  | ●  | ●  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7
File:Cycling (road) pictogram.svg Cycling |  | 2 | 1 |  | 2 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6
File:Diving pictogram.svg Diving |  | ●  | 1 |  | 1 | 1 | ●  | ●  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4
File:Equestrian pictogram.svg Equestrian |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ●  | 1 | 1 | ●  | ●  | 2 | 1 | 5
File:Fencing pictogram.svg Fencing |  |  |  |  | ●  | 1 | ●  | 1 | 1 | 1 |  | ●  | 1 | ●  | 1 | 1 | 1 |  | 8
File:Field hockey pictogram.svg Field hockey |  | ●  | ●  |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | 1 | ●  | ●  | 1
File:Football pictogram.svg Football |  | ●  |  |  | ●  |  |  | ●  |  |  |  | ●  | ●  |  |  | ●  | 1 |  | 1
File:Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg Gymnastics |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ●  | ●  | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 |  | 14
File:Modern pentathlon pictogram.svg Modern pentathlon | ●  | ●  | ●  |  | ●  | ●  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2
File:Rowing pictogram.svg Rowing |  |  |  |  |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7
File:Sailing pictogram.svg Sailing |  |  |  |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  |  |  |  | ●  | ●  | 5 |  |  |  |  | 5
File:Shooting pictogram.svg Shooting |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ●  |  | 1 | 1 | ●  | 1 | 2 | 1 |  | 6
File:Swimming pictogram.svg Swimming |  | ●  | 2 |  | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15
File:Water polo pictogram.svg Water polo | ●  | ●  | ●  |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1
File:Weightlifting pictogram.svg Weightlifting |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |  | 7
File:Wrestling pictogram.svg Wrestling |  | ●  | ●  |  | ●  | ●  | 8 | ●  | ●  | ●  |  | ●  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  | 16
Daily medal events |  | 2 | 4 | 0 | 11 | 5 | 14 | 8 | 11 | 15 | 0 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 14 | 1 | 150
Cumulative total |  | 2 | 6 | 6 | 17 | 22 | 36 | 44 | 55 | 70 | 70 | 84 | 99 | 113 | 125 | 135 | 149 | 150
August / September  | 25
Thu  | 26
Fri  | 27
Sat  | 28
Sun  | 29
Mon  | 30
Tue  | 31
Wed  | 1
Thu  | 2
Fri  | 3
Sat  | 4
Sun  | 5
Mon  | 6
Tue  | 7
Wed  | 8
Thu  | 9
Fri  | 10
Sat  | 11
Sun  | Total events

### Medal count[edit | edit source]

Main article: 1960 Summer Olympics medal table

These are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1960 Games:[11]

Rank| Nation| Gold| Silver| Bronze| Total

|
|
|
|
|

1| File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union| 43| 29| 31| 103
2| File:Flag of the United States.svg United States| 34| 21| 16| 71
3| File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy*| 13| 10| 13| 36
4| File:Flag of the German Olympic Team (1960-1968).svg United Team of Germany| 12| 19| 11| 42
5| File:Flag of Australia.svg Australia| 8| 8| 6| 22
6| File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey| 7| 2| 0| 9
7| File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary| 6| 8| 7| 21
8| File:Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg Japan| 4| 7| 7| 18
9| File:Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg Poland| 4| 6| 11| 21
10| File:Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg Czechoslovakia| 3| 2| 3| 8
Totals (10 entries)| 134| 112| 105| 351

## See also[edit | edit source]

* 1960 Summer Paralympics
* 1960 Winter Olympics
* Olympic Games celebrated in Italy
* 1956 Winter Olympics - Cortina D'Ampezzo
* 1960 Summer Olympics - Rome
* 2006 Winter Olympics - Turin
* 2026 Winter Olympics - Milan and Cortina D'Ampezzo

* List of IOC country codes
* Universiades celebrated in Italy
* 1959 Summer Universiade – Turin
* 1966 Winter Universiade – Sestriere
* 1970 Summer Universiade – Turin
* 1975 Winter Universiade – Livigno
* 1975 Summer Universiade – Rome
* 1985 Winter Universiade – Belluno
* 1997 Summer Universiade – Sicily
* 2003 Winter Universiade – Tarvisio
* 2007 Winter Universiade – Turin
* 2013 Winter Universiade – Trentino
* 2019 Summer Universiade – Naples
* 2025 Winter Universiade – Turin
* Deaflympics celebrated in Italy
* 1957 Summer Deaflympics – Milan
* 1983 Winter Deaflympics – Madonna di Campiglio
* 2001 Summer Deaflympics – Rome
* 2019 Winter Deaflympics – Province of Sondrio

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ a b "Factsheet - Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad" (PDF) (Press release). International Olympic Committee. 9 October 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
2. ^ "IOC VOTE HISTORY". Archived from the original on 25 May 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2008.
3. ^ Edwards, Peter (24 July 2015). "Toronto has made 5 attempts to host the Olympics. Could the sixth be the winner?". thestar.com.
4. ^ "Past Olympic host city election results". GamesBids. Archived from the original on 24 January 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
5. ^ Coplan, Joseph (19 July 2000). "Profiling Jeff Farrell, 1968 ISHOF Honor Swimmer". USMS. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
6. ^ Zaborney, Mark (11 March 2016). "Ramon 'Buddy' Carr (1926-2016): TPD officer coached gold-medalist boxer". Toledo Blade.
7. ^ Henderson, Jon (26 June 2012). "Great Olympic Moments: UCLA friends Rafer Johnson and Yang Chuan-kwang make decathlon history in 1960". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 26 July 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
8. ^ Maraniss, David (2008). Rome 1960: The Olympics That Changed the World (1st ed.). New York City, NY: Simon & Schuster. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-4165-3407-5.
9. ^ "OLYMPICS AND TELEVISION - The Museum of Broadcast Communications". Museum.tv. Archived from the original on 27 July 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
10. ^ Official Olympic Reports. Archived from the original on 22 June 2006.
11. ^ Byron, Lee; Cox, Amanda; Ericson, Matthew (4 August 2008). "A Map of Olympic Medals". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 February 2012.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1960 Summer Olympics.

* "Rome 1960". Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee.
* Rome 1960: The Olympics That Changed the World, David Maraniss, New York, NY, U.S.: Simon & Schuster, 2008.
* The program of the 1960 Rome Olympics
* LIFE 12 Sep 1960

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* 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
* 1960 Squaw Valley
* 1964 Innsbruck
* 1968 Grenoble
* 1972 Sapporo
* 1976 Innsbruck
* 1980 Lake Placid
* 1984 Sarajevo
* 1988 Calgary
* 1992 Albertville
* 1994 Lillehammer
* 1998 Nagano
* 2002 Salt Lake City
* 2006 Turin
* 2010 Vancouver
* 2014 Sochi
* 2018 Pyeongchang
* 2022 Beijing
* 2026 Milan Cortina
* 2030

* †Cancelled due to World War I
* ‡Cancelled due to World War II
* §Postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic

* Ancient Olympic Games
* Intercalated Games
* 1906
* Paralympic Games
* Youth Olympic Games

* * *

* Category
* Commons

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Nations at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy

Africa|

* Ethiopia
* Ghana
* Kenya
* Liberia
* Morocco
* Nigeria
* Rhodesia
* South Africa
* Sudan
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* United Arab Republic

America|

* Argentina
* Bahamas
* Bermuda
* Brazil
* British Guiana
* British West Indies
* Canada
* Chile
* Colombia
* Cuba
* Haiti
* Mexico
* Netherlands Antilles
* Panama
* Peru
* Puerto Rico
* Suriname
* United States
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Burma
* Ceylon
* Taiwan (In the name of Formosa)
* Hong Kong
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* South Korea
* Lebanon
* Malaya
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Singapore
* Thailand
* Vietnam

Europe|

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Czechoslovakia
* Denmark
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Great Britain
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Liechtenstein
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Monaco
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* San Marino
* Soviet Union
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Yugoslavia

Oceania|

* Australia
* Fiji
* New Zealand

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Events at the 1960 Summer Olympics (Rome)

* Athletics
* Basketball
* Boxing
* Canoeing
* Cycling
* Diving
* Equestrian
* Fencing
* Field hockey
* Football
* Gymnastics
* Modern pentathlon
* Rowing
* Sailing
* Shooting
* Swimming
* Water polo
* Weightlifting
* Wrestling

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File:Olympic rings without rims.svg Venues of the 1960 Summer Olympics (Rome)

* Acqua Santa Golf Club Course
* Arch of Constantine
* Basilica of Maxentius
* Baths of Caracalla
* Campo Tre Fontane
* Cesano Infantry School Range
* Florence Communal Stadium
* Grosseto Communal Stadium
* Gulf of Naples
* L'Aquila Communal Stadium
* Lake Albano
* Lazio Pigeon Shooting Stand
* Livorno Ardenza Stadium
* Naples Saint Paul's Stadium
* Olympic Velodrome
* Palazzo dei Congressi
* Palazzo dello Sport
* Palazzetto dello sport
* Passo Corese
* Pescara Adriatic Stadium
* Piazza di Siena
* Piscina delle Rose
* Pratoni del Vivaro
* Raccordo Anulare
* Stadio dei Marmi
* Stadio Flaminio
* Stadio Olimpico
* Stadio Olimpico del Nuoto
* Umberto I Shooting Range
* Via Appia Antica
* Via Cassia
* Via Flaminia
* Via Cristoforo Colombo
* Via di Grottarossa

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