Austin, Texas

Capital city of Texas, United States

"Austin" redirects here. For other uses, see Austin (disambiguation).

State capital in Texas, United States

Austin, Texas

State capital

City of Austin

File:Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg

File:TexasStateCapitol-2010-02.JPG

File:CongressAveBridge-Apr2010.JPG

File:Memorial Stadium Pregame.JPG

File:Main Building at The University of Texas at Austin.jpg

File:Paramount Theater - Austin, Texas - DSC08308.jpg

File:AMOA-Laguna Gloria.jpg

From top, left to right: Downtown; Texas State Capitol; urban bat colony at Congress Avenue Bridge; Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium; Main Building at the University of Texas at Austin; Paramount Theatre; and Laguna Gloria

Flag of Austin, Texas

Flag

Official seal of Austin, Texas

Seal

Official logo of Austin, Texas

Coat of arms

Nicknames:

Live Music Capital of the World, Silicon Hills, ATX, City of the Violet Crown

Motto:

Keep Austin Weird (unofficial)

Location within Travis County in Texas

Location within Travis County in Texas

Austin is located in Texas

Austin

Location in Texas

Show map of Texas

Austin is located in the United States

Austin

Location in the United States

Show map of the United States

Austin is located in North America

Austin

Location in North America

Show map of North America

Coordinates: 30°16′2″N 97°44′35″W﻿ / ﻿30.26722°N 97.74306°W﻿ / 30.26722; -97.74306Coordinates: 30°16′2″N 97°44′35″W﻿ / ﻿30.26722°N 97.74306°W﻿ / 30.26722; -97.74306
Country| United States
State| Texas
Counties| Travis, Hays, Williamson
Settled| 1835
Incorporated| December 27, 1839
Named for| Stephen F. Austin
Government

• Type| Council–manager
• Mayor| Steve Adler (D)[1][a]
• City Council|

Members

* Natasha Harper-Madison (D)
* Vanessa Fuentes (D)
* Sabino "Pio" Renteria (D)
* Jose "Chito" Vela (D)
* Ann Kitchen (D)
* Mackenzie Kelly (R)
* Leslie Pool (D)
* Paige Ellis (D)
* Kathie Tovo (D)
* Alison Alter (D)

• City manager| Spencer Cronk[1]
Area

[2]

• State capital| 326.51 sq mi (845.66 km2)
• Land| 319.94 sq mi (828.64 km2)
• Water| 6.57 sq mi (17.02 km2)
• Metro

| 4,285.70 sq mi (11,099.91 km2)
Elevation

| 289–1,450 ft (88–405 m)
Population

(2021)[3]

• State capital| 964,177 Increase
• Rank| 11th in the United States
4th in Texas
• Density| 3,006.36/sq mi (1,160.76/km2)
• Metro

[4]

| 2,283,371 (28th)
Demonym| Austinite
Time zone| UTC−6 (CST)
• Summer (DST)| UTC−5 (CDT)
ZIP Codes|

73301, 73344, 78701–78705, 78708–78739, 78741–78742, 78744–78768, 78772-78774, 78778-78779, 78783, 78799

Area codes| 512 & 737
FIPS code| 48-05000[5]
GNIS feature ID| 1384879[6]
Primary Airport| Austin–Bergstrom International Airport (AUS)
Interstates| File:I-35 (TX).svg
U.S. Route| File:US 183.svg File:US 290.svg
Commuter Rail| Capital MetroRail
Website| austintexas.gov

Austin is the capital city of the U.S. state of Texas, as well as the seat and largest city of Travis County, with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties. Incorporated on December 27, 1839,[7] it is the 11th-most-populous city in the United States,[8] the fourth-most-populous city in Texas, the second-most-populous state capital city, and the most populous state capital that is not also the most populous city in its state.[9] It has been one of the fastest growing large cities in the United States since 2010.[10][11][12] Downtown Austin and Downtown San Antonio are approximately 80 miles (129 km) apart, and both fall along the Interstate 35 corridor. Some observers believe that the two regions may some day form a new "metroplex" similar to Dallas and Fort Worth.[13][14] Austin is the southernmost state capital in the contiguous United States and is considered a "Beta −" global city as categorized by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.[15]

As of 2021, Austin had an estimated population of 964,177,[3] up from 961,855 at the 2020 census.[16] The city is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan statistical area, which had an estimated population of 2,295,303 as of July 1, 2020[update], a roughly 84% increase from the year 2000.[17] Located in Central Texas within the greater Texas Hill Country, it is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways, including Lady Bird Lake and Lake Travis on the Colorado River, Barton Springs, McKinney Falls, and Lake Walter E. Long.

Residents of Austin are known as Austinites.[18] They include a diverse mix of government employees, college students, musicians, high-tech workers, digital marketers, and blue-collar workers. The city's official slogan promotes Austin as "The Live Music Capital of the World", a reference to the city's many musicians and live music venues, as well as the long-running PBS TV concert series Austin City Limits.[19][20] The city also adopted "Silicon Hills" as a nickname in the 1990s due to a rapid influx of technology and development companies. In recent years, some Austinites have adopted the unofficial slogan "Keep Austin Weird",[21] which refers to the desire to protect small, unique, and local businesses from being overrun by large corporations.[22] Since the late 19th century, Austin has also been known as the "City of the Violet Crown", because of the colorful glow of light across the hills just after sunset.[23]

In 1987, Austin originated and remains the site for South by Southwest (stylized as SXSW and colloquially referred to as South By), an annual conglomeration of parallel film, interactive media, and music festivals and conferences that take place in mid-March.

Emerging from a strong economic focus on government and education, since the 1990s, Austin has become a center for technology and business.[24][25] The technology roots in Austin can be traced back to the 1960s when Tracor (now BAE Systems), a major defense electronics contractor, began operation in the city in 1962. IBM followed in 1967, opening a facility to produce its Selectric typewriters. Texas Instruments setup in Austin two years later, Motorola (now NXP Semiconductors) started semiconductor chip manufacturing in 1974. BAE Systems, IBM, and NXP Semiconductors still have campuses and manufacturing operations in Austin as of 2022. A number of Fortune 500 companies have headquarters or regional offices in Austin, including 3M, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), Amazon, Apple, Facebook (Meta), Google, IBM, Intel, NXP Semiconductors, Oracle, Tesla, Texas Instruments, and Whole Foods Market. Dell's worldwide headquarters is located in the nearby suburb of Round Rock.[26] With regard to education, Austin is the home of the University of Texas at Austin, which is one of the largest universities in the U.S., with over 50,000 students.[27] In 2021, Austin became home to the Austin FC, the first (and currently only) major professional sports league in the city.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Geography
* 2.1 Cityscape
* 2.1.1 Downtown
* 2.2 Climate
* 2.2.1 2011 drought
* 2.2.2 2018 flooding and water crisis
* 2.2.3 2021 winter storm
* 3 Demographics
* 3.1 Race and ethnicity
* 3.2 Religion
* 3.3 Homelessness
* 4 Economy
* 5 Culture and contemporary life
* 5.1 Old Austin
* 5.2 Annual cultural events
* 5.3 Cuisine and breweries
* 5.4 Music
* 5.5 Film
* 5.6 Theater
* 5.7 Libraries
* 5.8 Museums and other points of interest
* 6 Sports
* 7 Parks and recreation
* 7.1 Lady Bird Lake
* 7.2 Barton Creek Greenbelt
* 7.3 Swimming holes
* 7.4 Other parks and recreation
* 8 Government
* 8.1 Crime
* 8.1.1 Notable incidents
* 8.2 City government
* 8.3 Other levels of government
* 8.4 Politics
* 8.4.1 Gerrymandering
* 8.4.2 Environmental movement
* 9 Education
* 9.1 Higher education
* 9.2 Public primary and secondary education
* 9.3 Private and alternative education
* 10 Media
* 11 Transportation
* 11.1 Highways
* 11.2 Tollways
* 11.3 Airports
* 11.4 Intercity transit
* 11.5 Public transportation
* 11.6 Ride sharing
* 11.7 Cycling and walking
* 12 Notable people
* 13 International relations
* 13.1 Sister cities
* 13.2 Friendship cities
* 14 See also
* 15 Notes
* 16 References
* 17 Further reading
* 18 External links

## History[edit | edit source]

Main article: History of Austin, Texas

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Austin, Texas.

Austin, Travis County and Williamson County have been the site of human habitation since at least 9200 BC. The area's earliest known inhabitants lived during the late Pleistocene (Ice Age) and are linked to the Clovis culture around 9200 BC (over 11,200 years ago), based on evidence found throughout the area and documented at the much-studied Gault Site, midway between Georgetown and Fort Hood.[28][failed verification]

When settlers arrived from Europe, the Tonkawa tribe inhabited the area. The Comanches and Lipan Apaches were also known to travel through the area.[29] Spanish colonists, including the Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition, traveled through the area, though few permanent settlements were created for some time.[30] In 1730, three Catholic missions from East Texas were combined and reestablished as one mission on the south side of the Colorado River, in what is now Zilker Park, in Austin. The mission was in this area for only about seven months, and then was moved to San Antonio de Béxar and split into three missions.[31]

During the 1830s, pioneers began to settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River. Spanish forts were established in what are now Bastrop and San Marcos.[30][32] Following Mexico's independence, new settlements were established in Central Texas, but growth in the region was stagnant because of conflicts with the regional Native Americans.[32][33][34]

File:Texas capitol goddess 1888.jpg

Statue of the Goddess of Liberty on the Texas State Capitol grounds, prior to installation atop the rotunda

In 1835–1836, Texans fought and won independence from Mexico. Texas thus became an independent country with its own president, congress, and monetary system. In 1839, the Texas Congress formed a commission to seek a site for a new capital of the Republic of Texas to replace Houston.[35] When he was Vice President of Texas, Mirabeau B. Lamar had visited the area during a buffalo-hunting expedition between 1837 and 1838. He advised the commissioners to consider the area on the north bank of the Colorado River (near the present-day Congress Avenue Bridge), noting the area's hills, waterways, and pleasant surroundings.[36] It was seen as a convenient crossroads for trade routes between Santa Fe and Galveston Bay, as well as routes between northern Mexico and the Red River.[37] In 1839, the site was chosen, and was briefly incorporated under the name "Waterloo".[38] Shortly afterward, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, the "Father of Texas" and the republic's first secretary of state.

The city grew throughout the 19th century and became a center for government and education with the construction of the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas at Austin.[39]

File:Austin old capital.png

Second capitol building in Austin

Edwin Waller was picked by Lamar to survey the village and draft a plan laying out the new capital.[35] The original site was narrowed to 640 acres (260 ha) that fronted the Colorado River between two creeks, Shoal Creek and Waller Creek, which was later named in his honor. Waller and a team of surveyors developed Austin's first city plan, commonly known as the Waller Plan, dividing the site into a 14-block grid plan bisected by a broad north–south thoroughfare, Congress Avenue, running up from the river to Capital Square, where the new Texas State Capitol was to be constructed. A temporary one-story capitol was erected on the corner of Colorado and 8th Streets. On August 1, 1839, the first auction of 217 out of 306 lots total was held.[35][37] The Waller Plan designed and surveyed now forms the basis of downtown Austin.

In 1840, a series of conflicts between the Texas Rangers and the Comanches, known as the Council House Fight and the Battle of Plum Creek, pushed the Comanches westward, mostly ending conflicts in Central Texas.[40] Settlement in the area began to expand quickly. Travis County was established in 1840, and the surrounding counties were mostly established within the next two decades.[34]

Initially, the new capital thrived but Lamar's political enemy, Sam Houston, used two Mexican army incursions to San Antonio as an excuse to move the government. Sam Houston fought bitterly against Lamar's decision to establish the capital in such a remote wilderness. The men and women who traveled mainly from Houston to conduct government business were intensely disappointed as well. By 1840, the population had risen to 856, nearly half of whom fled Austin when Congress recessed.[41] The resident African American population listed in January of this same year was 176.[42] The fear of Austin's proximity to the Indians and Mexico, which still considered Texas a part of their land, created an immense motive for Sam Houston, the first and third President of the Republic of Texas, to relocate the capital once again in 1841. Upon threats of Mexican troops in Texas, Houston raided the Land Office to transfer all official documents to Houston for safe keeping in what was later known as the Archive War, but the people of Austin would not allow this unaccompanied decision to be executed. The documents stayed, but the capital would temporarily move from Austin to Houston to Washington-on-the-Brazos. Without the governmental body, Austin's population declined to a low of only a few hundred people throughout the early 1840s. The voting by the fourth President of the Republic, Anson Jones, and Congress, who reconvened in Austin in 1845, settled the issue to keep Austin the seat of government, as well as annex the Republic of Texas into the United States.

In 1860, 38% of Travis County residents were slaves.[43] In 1861, with the outbreak of the American Civil War, voters in Austin and other Central Texas communities voted against secession.[32][35] However, as the war progressed and fears of attack by Union forces increased, Austin contributed hundreds of men to the Confederate forces. The African American population of Austin swelled dramatically after the enforcement of the Emancipation Proclamation in Texas by Union General Gordon Granger at Galveston, in an event commemorated as Juneteenth. Black communities such as Wheatville, Pleasant Hill, and Clarksville were established, with Clarksville being the oldest surviving freedomtown ‒ the original post-Civil War settlements founded by former African-American slaves ‒ west of the Mississippi River.[35] In 1870, blacks made up 36.5% of Austin's population.[44]

File:Old map-Austin-1873-sm.jpg

An 1873 illustration of Edwin Waller's layout for Austin

The postwar period saw dramatic population and economic growth. The opening of the Houston and Texas Central Railway (H&TC) in 1871[45] turned Austin into the major trading center for the region, with the ability to transport both cotton and cattle. The Missouri, Kansas & Texas (MKT) line followed close behind.[46] Austin was also the terminus of the southernmost leg of the Chisholm Trail, and "drovers" pushed cattle north to the railroad.[47] Cotton was one of the few crops produced locally for export, and a cotton gin engine was located downtown near the trains for "ginning" cotton of its seeds and turning the product into bales for shipment.[48] However, as other new railroads were built through the region in the 1870s, Austin began to lose its primacy in trade to the surrounding communities.[35] In addition, the areas east of Austin took over cattle and cotton production from Austin, especially in towns like Hutto and Taylor that sit over the blackland prairie, with its deep, rich soils for producing cotton and hay.[49][50]

In September 1881, Austin public schools held their first classes. The same year, Tillotson Collegiate and Normal Institute (now part of Huston–Tillotson University) opened its doors. The University of Texas held its first classes in 1883, although classes had been held in the original wooden state capitol for four years before.[51]

During the 1880s, Austin gained new prominence as the state capitol building was completed in 1888 and claimed as the seventh largest building in the world.[35] In the late 19th century, Austin expanded its city limits to more than three times its former area, and the first granite dam was built on the Colorado River to power a new street car line and the new "moon towers".[35] The first dam washed away in a flood on April 7, 1900.[52]

In the late 1920s and 1930s, Austin implemented the 1928 Austin city plan through a series of civic development and beautification projects that created much of the city's infrastructure and many of its parks. In addition, the state legislature established the Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA) that, along with the city of Austin, created the system of dams along the Colorado River to form the Highland Lakes. These projects were enabled in large part because the Public Works Administration provided Austin with greater funding for municipal construction projects than other Texas cities.[35]

During the early twentieth century, a three-way system of social segregation emerged in Austin, with Anglos, African Americans and Mexicans being separated by custom or law in most aspects of life, including housing, health care, and education. Many of the municipal improvement programs initiated during this period—such as the construction of new roads, schools, and hospitals—were deliberately designed to institutionalize this system of segregation. Deed restrictions also played an important role in residential segregation. After 1935 most housing deeds prohibited African Americans (and sometimes other nonwhite groups) from using land.[53] Combined with the system of segregated public services, racial segregation increased in Austin during the first half of the twentieth century, with African Americans and Mexicans experiencing high levels of discrimination and social marginalization.[54]

In 1940, the destroyed granite dam on the Colorado River was finally replaced by a hollow concrete dam[55] that formed Lake McDonald (now called Lake Austin) and which has withstood all floods since. In addition, the much larger Mansfield Dam was built by the LCRA upstream of Austin to form Lake Travis, a flood-control reservoir.

[56] In the early 20th century, the Texas Oil Boom took hold, creating tremendous economic opportunities in Southeast Texas and North Texas. The growth generated by this boom largely passed by Austin at first, with the city slipping from fourth largest to tenth largest in Texas between 1880 and 1920.[35]

After a severe lull in economic growth from the Great Depression, Austin resumed its steady development. Following the mid-20th century, Austin became established as one of Texas' major metropolitan centers. In 1970, the U.S. Census Bureau reported Austin's population as 14.5% Hispanic, 11.9% black, and 73.4% non-Hispanic white.[44] In the late 20th century, Austin emerged as an important high tech center for semiconductors and software. The University of Texas at Austin emerged as a major university.[57]

The 1970s saw Austin's emergence in the national music scene, with local artists such as Willie Nelson, Asleep at the Wheel, and Stevie Ray Vaughan and iconic music venues such as the Armadillo World Headquarters. Over time, the long-running television program Austin City Limits, its namesake Austin City Limits Festival, and the South by Southwest music festival solidified the city's place in the music industry.[25]

## Geography[edit | edit source]

File:Austin by Sentinel-2, 2020-03-25.jpg

Austin as seen from space, 2020

Austin, the southernmost state capital of the contiguous 48 states, is located in Central Texas on the Colorado River. Austin is 146 miles (230 km) northwest of Houston,[58] 182 miles (290 km) south of Dallas[59] and 74 miles (120 km) northeast of San Antonio.[60]

Austin occupies a total area of 305.1 square miles (790.1 km2). Approximately 7.2 square miles (18.6 km2) of this area is water.[5] Austin is situated at the foot of the Balcones Escarpment, on the Colorado River, with three artificial lakes within the city limits: Lady Bird Lake (formerly known as Town Lake), Lake Austin (both created by dams along the Colorado River), and Lake Walter E. Long that is partly used for cooling water for the Decker Power Plant. Mansfield Dam and the foot of Lake Travis are located within the city's limits.[35] Lady Bird Lake, Lake Austin, and Lake Travis are each on the Colorado River.[35]

The elevation of Austin varies from 425 feet (130 m) to approximately 1,000 feet (305 m) above sea level.[61] Due to the fact it straddles the Balcones Fault, much of the eastern part of the city is flat, with heavy clay and loam soils, whereas the western part and western suburbs consist of rolling hills on the edge of the Texas Hill Country.[62] Because the hills to the west are primarily limestone rock with a thin covering of topsoil, portions of the city are frequently subjected to flash floods from the runoff caused by thunderstorms.[63][64] To help control this runoff and to generate hydroelectric power, the Lower Colorado River Authority operates a series of dams that form the Texas Highland Lakes. The lakes also provide venues for boating, swimming, and other forms of recreation within several parks on the lake shores.[65]

Austin is located at the intersection of four major ecological regions, and is consequently a temperate-to-hot green oasis with a highly variable climate having some characteristics of the desert, the tropics, and a wetter climate.[66][67] The area is very diverse ecologically and biologically, and is home to a variety of animals and plants.[68] Notably, the area is home to many types of wildflowers that blossom throughout the year but especially in the spring. This includes the popular bluebonnets, some planted by "Lady Bird" Johnson, wife of former President Lyndon B. Johnson.[69]

The soils of Austin range from shallow, gravelly clay loams over limestone in the western outskirts to deep, fine sandy loams, silty clay loams, silty clays or clays in the city's eastern part. Some of the clays have pronounced shrink-swell properties and are difficult to work under most moisture conditions. Many of Austin's soils, especially the clay-rich types, are slightly to moderately alkaline and have free calcium carbonate.[70]

### Cityscape[edit | edit source]

See also: List of Austin neighborhoods and List of tallest buildings in Austin, Texas

Panorama of Austin skyline in 2018

Panorama of Austin skyline in 2018

Austin's skyline historically was modest, dominated by the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas Main Building. However, since the 2000s, many new high-rise towers have been constructed.[71] Austin is currently undergoing a skyscraper boom, which includes recent construction on new office, hotel and residential buildings. Downtown's buildings are somewhat spread out, partly due to a set of zoning restrictions that preserve the view of the Texas State Capitol from various locations around Austin, known as the Capitol View Corridors.[72]

File:9162018.Moon.Light.towers.NRSID76002071 02.jpg

One of the 15 remaining moonlight towers in Austin

At night, parts of Austin are lit by "artificial moonlight" from moonlight towers built to illuminate the central part of the city.[73] The 165-foot (50 m) moonlight towers were built in the late 19th century and are now recognized as historic landmarks. Only 15 of the 31 original innovative towers remain standing in Austin, but none remain in any of the other cities where they were installed. The towers are featured in the 1993 film Dazed and Confused.

#### Downtown[edit | edit source]

Main article: Downtown Austin

The central business district of Austin is home to the tallest condo towers in the state, with The Independent (58 stories and 690 ft (210 m) tall) and The Austonian (topping out at 56 floors and 685 ft (209 m) tall). The Independent became the tallest all-residential building in the U.S. west of Chicago when topped out in 2018. In 2005, then-Mayor Will Wynn set out a goal of having 25,000 people living downtown by 2015.[74] Although downtown's growth did not meet this goal, downtown's residential population did surge from an estimated 5,000 in 2005 to 12,000 in 2015.[75] The skyline has drastically changed in recent years, and the residential real estate market has remained relatively strong. As of December 2016[update], there were 31 high rise projects either under construction, approved or planned to be completed in Austin's downtown core between 2017 and 2020. Sixteen of those were set to rise above 400 ft (120 m) tall, including four above 600', and eight above 500'. An additional 15 towers were slated to stand between 300' and 399' tall.

### Climate[edit | edit source]

Austin

Climate chart (explanation)

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2.2

2.8

2.1

4.4

4.3

1.9

2.4

3.9

2.4

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
| Metric conversion

112

110

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm

Austin is located within the middle of a unique, narrow transitional zone between the dry deserts of the American Southwest and the lush, green, more humid regions of the American Southeast. Its climate, topography, and vegetation share characteristics of both. Officially, Austin has a humid subtropical climate under the Köppen climate classification. This climate is typified by long, very hot summers, short, mild winters, and warm to hot spring and fall seasons in-between. Austin averages 34.32 inches (872 mm) of annual rainfall distributed mostly evenly throughout the year, though spring and fall are the wettest seasons. Sunshine is common during all seasons, with 2,650 hours, or 60.3% of the possible total, of bright sunshine per year.[76]

Summers in Austin are very hot, with average July and August highs frequently reaching the high-90s (34–36 °C) or above. Highs reach 90 °F (32 °C) on 123 days per year, of which 29 days reach 100 °F (38 °C); all years in the 1991-2020 period recorded at least 1 day of the latter.[77] The average daytime high is 70 °F (21 °C) or warmer between March 1 and November 21, rising to 80 °F (27 °C) or warmer between April 14 and October 24, and reaching 90 °F (32 °C) or warmer between May 30 and September 18.[77] The highest ever recorded temperature was 112 °F (44 °C) occurring on September 5, 2000, and August 28, 2011.[78][79] An uncommon characteristic of Austin's climate is its highly variable humidity, which fluctuates frequently depending on the shifting patterns of air flow and wind direction. It is common for a lengthy series of warm, dry, low-humidity days to be occasionally interrupted by very warm and humid days, and vice versa. Humidity rises with winds from the east or southeast, when the air drifts inland from the Gulf of Mexico, but decreases significantly with winds from the west or southwest, bringing air flowing from Chihuahuan Desert areas of West Texas or northern Mexico.[77]

Winters in Austin are mild, although occasional short-lived bursts of cold weather known as "Blue Northers" can occur. January is the coolest month with an average daytime high of 62.5 °F (17 °C). The overnight low drops to or below freezing 12 times per year,[77] and sinks below 45 °F (7 °C) during 76 evenings per year, mostly between mid-December and mid-February. The average first and last dates for a freeze are December 1 and February 15, giving Austin an average growing season of 288 days, and the coldest temperature of the year is normally about 24.2 °F (−4 °C) under the 1991-2020 climate normals, putting Austin in USDA zone 9a.[77] Conversely, winter months also produce warm days on a regular basis. On average, 10 days in January reach or exceed 70 °F (21 °C) and 1 day reaches 80 °F (27 °C); during the 1991-2020 period, all Januarys had at least 1 day with a high of 70 °F (21 °C) or more, and most (60%) had at least 1 day with a high of 80 °F (27 °C) or more.[77] The lowest ever recorded temperature in the city was −2 °F (−19 °C) on January 31, 1949. Roughly every two years Austin experiences an ice storm that freezes roads over and cripples travel in the city for 24 to 48 hours.[80] When Austin received 0.04 inches (1 mm) of ice on January 24, 2014, there were 278 vehicular collisions.[81] Similarly, snowfall is rare in Austin.[82] A snow event of 0.9 inches (2 cm) on February 4, 2011, caused more than 300 car crashes.[83] The most recent snow event occurred February 14–15, 2021, when 6.4 inches (16 cm) of snow fell at Austin's Camp Mabry, the largest two-day snowfall since records began being kept in 1948.[84][85]

Typical of Central Texas, severe weather in Austin is a threat that can strike during any season. However, it is most common during the spring. According to most classifications, Austin lies within the extreme southern periphery of Tornado Alley, although many sources place Austin outside of Tornado Alley altogether.[86] Consequently, tornadoes strike Austin less frequently than areas farther to the north.[86] However, severe weather and/or supercell thunderstorms can occur multiple times per year, bringing damaging winds, lightning, heavy rain, and occasional flash flooding to the city.[87] The deadliest storm to ever strike city limits was the twin tornadoes storm of May 4, 1922, while the deadliest tornado outbreak to ever strike the metro area was the Central Texas tornado outbreak of May 27, 1997.

Climate data for Camp Mabry, Austin, Texas (1991–2020 normals,[b] extremes 1891–present)[c]

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °F (°C)  | 90
(32)  | 99
(37)  | 98
(37)  | 99
(37)  | 104
(40)  | 109
(43)  | 109
(43)  | 112
(44)  | 112
(44)  | 100
(38)  | 91
(33)  | 90
(32)  | 112
(44)
Mean maximum °F (°C)  | 80.1
(26.7)  | 84.2
(29.0)  | 87.7
(30.9)  | 91.8
(33.2)  | 95.5
(35.3)  | 99.5
(37.5)  | 102.3
(39.1)  | 103.9
(39.9)  | 99.9
(37.7)  | 93.7
(34.3)  | 85.3
(29.6)  | 80.5
(26.9)  | 105.3
(40.7)
Average high °F (°C)  | 62.5
(16.9)  | 66.5
(19.2)  | 73.3
(22.9)  | 80.3
(26.8)  | 86.9
(30.5)  | 93.2
(34.0)  | 96.6
(35.9)  | 97.8
(36.6)  | 91.4
(33.0)  | 82.5
(28.1)  | 71.5
(21.9)  | 63.9
(17.7)  | 80.5
(26.9)
Average low °F (°C)  | 41.8
(5.4)  | 45.8
(7.7)  | 52.2
(11.2)  | 58.9
(14.9)  | 66.8
(19.3)  | 72.9
(22.7)  | 75.0
(23.9)  | 75.1
(23.9)  | 70.1
(21.2)  | 60.8
(16.0)  | 50.5
(10.3)  | 43.4
(6.3)  | 59.4
(15.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C)  | 27.1
(−2.7)  | 30.3
(−0.9)  | 34.8
(1.6)  | 42.8
(6.0)  | 53.4
(11.9)  | 65.0
(18.3)  | 70.1
(21.2)  | 69.3
(20.7)  | 58.5
(14.7)  | 43.7
(6.5)  | 33.8
(1.0)  | 28.6
(−1.9)  | 24.2
(−4.3)
Record low °F (°C)  | −2
(−19)  | −1
(−18)  | 18
(−8)  | 30
(−1)  | 40
(4)  | 51
(11)  | 57
(14)  | 58
(14)  | 41
(5)  | 30
(−1)  | 20
(−7)  | 4
(−16)  | −2
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm)  | 2.64
(67)  | 1.89
(48)  | 2.88
(73)  | 2.42
(61)  | 5.04
(128)  | 3.68
(93)  | 1.96
(50)  | 2.74
(70)  | 3.45
(88)  | 3.91
(99)  | 2.92
(74)  | 2.72
(69)  | 36.25
(921)
Average snowfall inches (cm)  | 0
(0)  | 0.2
(0.51)  | 0
(0)  | 0
(0)  | 0
(0)  | 0
(0)  | 0
(0)  | 0
(0)  | 0
(0)  | 0
(0)  | 0
(0)  | 0
(0)  | 0.2
(0.51)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 7.6  | 7.7  | 8.9  | 7.1  | 8.9  | 7.4  | 4.9  | 4.8  | 7.1  | 7.0  | 6.9  | 7.5  | 85.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.2  | 0.3  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0.1  | 0.6
Average relative humidity (%)  | 67.2  | 66.0  | 64.2  | 66.4  | 71.4  | 69.5  | 65.1  | 63.8  | 68.4  | 67.1  | 68.7  | 67.6  | 67.1
Average dew point °F (°C)  | 36.1
(2.3)  | 39.6
(4.2)  | 46.2
(7.9)  | 55.0
(12.8)  | 63.3
(17.4)  | 68.2
(20.1)  | 68.9
(20.5)  | 68.4
(20.2)  | 65.5
(18.6)  | 56.5
(13.6)  | 47.7
(8.7)  | 39.4
(4.1)  | 54.6
(12.5)
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 163.8  | 169.3  | 205.9  | 205.8  | 227.1  | 285.5  | 317.2  | 297.9  | 233.8  | 215.6  | 168.3  | 153.5  | 2,643.7
Percent possible sunshine | 51  | 54  | 55  | 53  | 54  | 68  | 74  | 73  | 63  | 61  | 53  | 48  | 60
Average ultraviolet index | 4  | 6  | 8  | 9  | 10  | 11  | 11  | 10  | 9  | 7  | 5  | 4  | 8
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990),[88][89][90]
Source 2: Weather Atlas [91] (UV index)

#### 2011 drought[edit | edit source]

Main article: 2011 Southern US drought

File:2011 Texas Drought.jpg

The 2011 Texas drought dried up many of central Texas' waterways. This boat was left to sit in the middle of what is normally a branch of Lake Travis, part of the Colorado River.

From October 2010 through September 2011, both major reporting stations in Austin, Camp Mabry and Bergstrom Int'l, had the least rainfall of a water year on record, receiving less than a third of normal precipitation.[77] This was a result of La Niña conditions in the eastern Pacific Ocean where water was significantly cooler than normal. David Brown, a regional official with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, explained that "these kinds of droughts will have effects that are even more extreme in the future, given a warming and drying regional climate."[92] The drought, coupled with exceedingly high temperatures throughout the summer of 2011, caused many wildfires throughout Texas, including notably the Bastrop County Complex Fire in neighboring Bastrop, Texas.

#### 2018 flooding and water crisis[edit | edit source]

In the fall of 2018, Austin and surrounding areas received heavy rainfall and flash flooding following Hurricane Sergio.[93] The Lower Colorado River Authority opened four floodgates of the Mansfield Dam after Lake Travis was recorded at 146% full at 704.3 feet (214.7 m).[94] From October 22 to October 29, 2018, the City of Austin issued a mandatory citywide boil-water advisory after the Highland Lakes, home to the city's main water supply, became overwhelmed by unprecedented amounts of silt, dirt, and debris that washed in from the Llano River.[95] Austin Water, the city's water utility, has the capacity to process up to 300 million gallons of water per day; however, the elevated level of turbidity reduced output to only 105 million gallons per day. Since Austin residents consumed an average of 120 million gallons of water per day, the infrastructure was not able to keep up with demand.[93]

#### 2021 winter storm[edit | edit source]

Main article: February 13–17, 2021 North American winter storm § Central and Southern Plains

See also: 2021 Texas power crisis

File:Austin, Texas covered in snow ESA23166430.jpeg

Austin covered in snow on February 15, 2021. Photo from ESA.

In February 2021, Winter Storm Uri dropped prolific amounts of snow across Texas and Oklahoma, including Austin. The Austin area received a total of 6.4 inches (160 mm) of snowfall between February 14 and 15, with snow cover persisting until February 20.[96] This marked the longest time the area had had more than 1 inch (25 mm) of snow, with the previous longest time being three days in January 1985.[97]

Lack of winterization in natural gas power plants, which supply a large amount of power to the Texas grid, and increased energy demand caused ERCOT and Austin Energy to enact rolling blackouts in order to avoid total grid collapse between February 15 and February 18.[98] Initial rolling blackouts were to last for a maximum of 40 minutes, however lack of energy production caused many blackouts to last for much longer, at the peak of the blackouts an estimated 40% of Austin Energy homes were without power.[99]

Starting on February 15, Austin Water received reports of pipe breaks, hourly water demand increased from 150 million gallons per day (MGD) on February 15 to a peak hourly demand of 260 MGD on February 16. On the morning of February 17 demand increased to 330 MGD, the resulting drop of water pressure caused the Austin area to enter into a boil-water advisory which would last until water pressure was restored on February 23.[100]

## Demographics[edit | edit source]

Historical population

Census | Pop. |  | %±
1850| 629| | —
1860| 3,494| | 455.5%
1870| 4,428| | 26.7%
1880| 11,013| | 148.7%
1890| 14,575| | 32.3%
1900| 22,258| | 52.7%
1910| 29,860| | 34.2%
1920| 34,876| | 16.8%
1930| 53,120| | 52.3%
1940| 87,930| | 65.5%
1950| 132,459| | 50.6%
1960| 186,545| | 40.8%
1970| 253,539| | 35.9%
1980| 345,890| | 36.4%
1990| 465,622| | 34.6%
2000| 656,562| | 41.0%
2010| 790,390| | 20.4%
2020| 961,855| | 21.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[101]
2010–2020[102]

In 2020, there were 961,855 people, up from the 2000 United States census tabulation where there were 656,562 people, 265,649 households, and 141,590 families residing in the city.[103] In 2000, the population density was 2,610.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,007.9/km2). There were 276,842 dwelling units at an average density of 1,100.7 per square mile (425.0/km2). There were 265,648 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.7% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the city, 22.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 16.6% was from 18 to 24, 37.1% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was US$42,689, and the median income for a family was $54,091. Males had a median income of $35,545 compared to $30,046 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,163. About 9.1% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over. The median house price was $185,906 in 2009, and it has increased every year since 2004.[needs update][104] The median value of a house which the owner occupies was $318,400 in 2019—higher than the average American home value of $240,500.[105]

According to a survey completed in 2014 by Gallup, it is estimated that 5.3% of residents in the Austin metropolitan area identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.[106] The Austin metropolitan area had the third-highest rate in the nation.[107]

### Race and ethnicity[edit | edit source]

Racial composition | 2020[108] | 2010[109] | 2000[110] | 1990[108] | 1970[108] | 1950[108]

|
|
|
|
|
|

White (Non-Hispanic) | 47.1% | 48.7% | 56.4% | 61.7% | 73.4% | 86.6%
Hispanic or Latino | 32.5% | 35.1% | 28.2% | 23.0% | 14.5% | n/a
Asian | 8.9% | 6.2% | 4.5% | 3.0% | 0.2% | 0.1%
Black or African American | 6.9% | 7.7% | 9.3% | 12.4% | 11.8% | 13.3%
Mixed | 3.9% | 1.7% | 2.9%

According to the 2010 United States census,[111] the racial composition of Austin was 68.3% White (48.7% non-Hispanic whites), 35.1% Hispanic or Latino (29.1% Mexican, 0.5% Puerto Rican, 0.4% Cuban, 5.1% Other), 8.1% African American, 6.3% Asian (1.9% Indian, 1.5% Chinese, 1.0% Vietnamese, 0.7% Korean, 0.3% Filipino, 0.2% Japanese, 0.8% Other), 0.9% American Indian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 3.4% two or more races.

According to the 2020 United States census,[112] the racial composition of Austin was 72.6% White (48.3% non-Hispanic whites), 33.9% Hispanic or Latino, 7.8% African American, 7.6% Asian, 0.7% American Indian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 3.4% two or more races.

File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Austin (5560474714).png

Map of racial distribution in Austin, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: ⬤ White ⬤ Black ⬤ Asian ⬤ Hispanic ⬤ Other

A 2014 University of Texas study stated that Austin was the only U.S. city with a fast growth rate between 2000 and 2010 with a net loss in African Americans. As of 2014[update], Austin's African American and non-Hispanic white percentage share of the total population was declining despite the actual numbers of both ethnic groups increasing, as the rapid growth of the Latino or Hispanic and Asian populations has outpaced all other ethnic groups in the city. Austin's non-Hispanic white population first dropped below 50% in 2005.[113][114][115]

### Religion[edit | edit source]

According to Sperling's BestPlaces, 52.4% of Austin's population are religious.[116] The majority of Austinites identified themselves as Christians, about 25.2% of whom claimed affiliation with the Catholic Church.[116] The city's Catholic population is served by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Austin, headquartered at the Cathedral of Saint Mary. Nationwide, 23% of Americans identified as Catholic in 2016.[117] Other significant Christian groups in Austin include Baptists (8.7%), followed by Methodists (4.3%), Latter-Day Saints (1.5%), Episcopalians or Anglicans (1.0%), Lutherans (0.8%), Presbyterians (0.6%), Pentecostals (0.3%), and other Christians such as the Disciples of Christ and Eastern Orthodox Church (7.1%).[116] The second largest religion Austinites identify with is Islam (1.7%); roughly 0.8% of Americans nationwide claimed affiliation with the Islamic faith.[116] The dominant branch of Islam is Sunni Islam. Established in 1977, the largest mosque in Austin is the Islamic Center of Greater Austin. The community is affiliated with the Islamic Society of North America. The same study says that eastern faiths including Buddhism, Sikhism, and Hinduism made up 0.9% of the city's religious population.[116] Several Hindu temples exist in the Austin Metropolitan area with the most notable one being Radha Madhav Dham. Judaism forms less than 0.1% of the religious demographic in Austin. Orthodox, Reform, and Conservative congregations are present in the community.[116] In addition to those religious groups, Austin is also home to an active secular humanist community, hosting nationwide television shows and charity work.[118]

### Homelessness[edit | edit source]

As of 2019, there were 2,255 individuals experiencing homelessness in Travis County. Of those, 1,169 were sheltered and 1,086 were unsheltered.[119] In September 2019, the Austin City Council approved $62.7 million for programs aimed at homelessness, which includes housing displacement prevention, crisis mitigation, and affordable housing; the city council also earmarked $500,000 for crisis services and encampment cleanups.[120]

In June 2019, following a federal court ruling on homelessness sleeping in public,[121] the Austin City Council lifted a 25-year-old ban on camping, sitting, or lying down in public unless doing so causes an obstruction. The resolution also included the approval of a new housing-focused shelter in South Austin.[122] In early October 2019, Texas Governor Greg Abbott sent a letter to Mayor Steve Adler threatening to deploy state resources to combat the camping ban repeal.[123] On October 17, 2019, the City Council revised the camping ordinance, which imposed increased restrictions on sidewalk camping.[123] In November 2019, the State of Texas opened a temporary homeless encampment on a former vehicle storage yard owned by the Texas Department of Transportation.[124]

In May 2021, the camping ban was reinstated after a ballot proposition was approved by 57% of voters. The ban introduces penalties for camping, sitting, or lying down on a public sidewalk or sleeping outdoors in or near Downtown Austin or the area around the University of Texas campus. The ordinance would also prohibit solicitation at certain locations.[125]

## Economy[edit | edit source]

See also: Silicon Hills and List of companies based in Austin, Texas

File:Biking in Congress Avenue.JPG

Downtown Austin from Congress Avenue Bridge, with Texas State Capitol in background, 2012

The Greater Austin metropolitan statistical area had a gross domestic product (GDP) of $86 billion in 2010.[126] Austin is considered to be a major center for high tech.[127] Thousands of graduates each year from the engineering and computer science programs at the University of Texas at Austin provide a steady source of employees that help to fuel Austin's technology and defense industry sectors. The region's rapid growth has led Forbes to rank the Austin metropolitan area number one among all big cities for jobs for 2012 in their annual survey and WSJ Marketwatch to rank the area number one for growing businesses.[128][129] By 2013, Austin was ranked No. 14 on Forbes' list of the Best Places for Business and Careers (directly below Dallas, No. 13 on the list).[130] As a result of the high concentration of high-tech companies in the region, Austin was strongly affected by the dot-com boom in the late 1990s and subsequent bust.[127] Austin's largest employers include the Austin Independent School District, the City of Austin, Dell, the U.S. Federal Government, NXP Semiconductors, IBM, St. David's Healthcare Partnership, Seton Family of Hospitals, the State of Texas, the Texas State University, and the University of Texas at Austin.[127]

Other high-tech companies with operations in Austin include 3M, Apple, Amazon, AMD, Apartment Ratings, Applied Materials, Arm Holdings, Bigcommerce, BioWare, Blizzard Entertainment, Buffalo Technology, Cirrus Logic, Cisco Systems, Dropbox, eBay, Electronic Arts, Flextronics, Facebook, Google, Hewlett-Packard, Hoover's, HomeAway, HostGator, Intel Corporation, National Instruments, Nintendo, Nvidia, Oracle, PayPal, Polycom, Qualcomm, Rackspace, RetailMeNot, Rooster Teeth, Samsung Group, Silicon Labs, Spansion, Tesla, United Devices, VMware, Xerox, and Zoho Corporation. In 2010, Facebook accepted a grant to build a downtown office that could bring as many as 200 jobs to the city.[131] The proliferation of technology companies has led to the region's nickname, "Silicon Hills", and spurred development that greatly expanded the city.

Austin is also emerging as a hub for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies; the city is home to about 85 of them.[127] In 2004, the city was ranked by the Milken Institute as the #12 biotech and life science center in the United States[132] and in 2018, CBRE Group ranked Austin as #3 emerging life sciences cluster.[133] Companies such as Hospira, Pharmaceutical Product Development, and ArthroCare Corporation are located there.

Whole Foods Market, an international grocery store chain specializing in fresh and packaged food products, was founded and is headquartered in Austin.[134]

Other companies based in Austin include NXP Semiconductors, GoodPop, Temple-Inland, Sweet Leaf Tea Company, Keller Williams Realty, National Western Life, GSD&M, Dimensional Fund Advisors, Golfsmith, Forestar Group, EZCorp, Outdoor Voices, Tito's Vodka, Indeed, Speak Social, and YETI.

In 2018, Austin metro-area companies saw a total of $1.33 billion invested. Austin's VC numbers were so strong in 2018 that they accounted for more than 60 percent of Texas' total investments.[135]

## Culture and contemporary life[edit | edit source]

File:Museum weird 2012.jpg

Museum of the Weird on Sixth Street

File:Mexican American Cultural Center, Austin, TX IMG 6232.JPG

The Emma S. Barrientos Mexican American Cultural Center, located on Lady Bird Lake at 600 River Street

"Keep Austin Weird" has been a local motto for years, featured on bumper stickers and T-shirts. This motto has not only been used in promoting Austin's eccentricity and diversity, but is also meant to bolster support of local independent businesses.[22] According to the 2010 book Weird City the phrase was begun by a local Austin Community College librarian, Red Wassenich, and his wife, Karen Pavelka, who were concerned about Austin's "rapid descent into commercialism and overdevelopment."[18] The slogan has been interpreted many ways since its inception, but remains an important symbol for many Austinites who wish to voice concerns over rapid growth and development. Austin has a long history of vocal citizen resistance to development projects perceived to degrade the environment, or to threaten the natural and cultural landscapes.[136]

According to the Nielsen Company, adults in Austin read and contribute to blogs more than those in any other U.S. metropolitan area.[137] Austin residents have the highest Internet usage in all of Texas.[137] In 2013, Austin was the most active city on Reddit, having the largest number of views per capita.[138] Austin was selected as the No. 2 Best Big City in "Best Places to Live" by Money magazine in 2006, and No. 3 in 2009, and also the "Greenest City in America" by MSN.[139][140]

South Congress is a shopping district stretching down South Congress Avenue from Downtown. This area is home to coffee shops, eccentric stores, restaurants, food trucks, trailers, and festivals. It prides itself on "Keeping Austin Weird," especially with development in the surrounding area(s). Many Austinites attribute its enduring popularity to the magnificent and unobstructed view of the Texas State Capitol.[36]

The Rainey Street Historic District is a neighborhood in Downtown Austin formerly consisting of bungalow style homes built in the early 20th century. Since the early 2010s, the former working class residential street has turned into a popular nightlife district. Much of the historic homes have been renovated into hotels, condominiums, bars and restaurants, many of which feature large porches and outdoor yards for patrons.[141] The Rainey Street district is also home to the Emma S. Barrientos Mexican American Cultural Center.

Austin has been part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network under Media Arts the category.[142]

### Old Austin[edit | edit source]

File:Austin Texas Rent.webp

Austin, Texas average monthly rent

"Old Austin" is an adage often used by nostalgic natives.[143] The term "Old Austin" refers to a time when the city was smaller and more bohemian with a considerably lower cost of living and better known for its lack of traffic, hipsters, and urban sprawl.[144] It is often employed by longtime residents expressing displeasure at the rapidly changing culture,[145] or when referencing nostalgia of Austin culture.[146]

The growth and popularity of Austin[147] can be seen by the expansive development taking place in its downtown landscape.[148] Forbes ranked Austin as the second fastest-growing city in 2015.[149] This growth can have a negative impact on longtime small businesses that cannot keep up with the expenses associated with gentrification and the rising cost of real estate.[150] A former Austin musician, Dale Watson, described his move away from Austin, "I just really feel the city has sold itself. Just because you're going to get $45 million for a company to come to town – if it's not in the best interest of the town, I don't think they should do it. This city was never about money. It was about quality of life."[151] Though much is changing rapidly in Austin, businesses such as Thundercloud Subs are thought by many to maintain classic Austin business cultural sentiments unique to the history of the city; as Diana Burgess stated, "I definitely appreciate that they haven't raised their prices a ton or made things super fancy. I think it speaks to that original Old Austin vibe. A lot of us that grew up here really appreciate that."[152]

### Annual cultural events[edit | edit source]

See also: Category:Festivals in Austin, Texas

File:Sixth Street (Austin) at night.jpg

Sixth Street on a weekend night

The O. Henry House Museum hosts the annual O. Henry Pun-Off, a pun contest where the successful contestants exhibit wit akin to that of the author William Sydney Porter.

Other annual events include Eeyore's Birthday Party, Spamarama, Austin Pride Festival & Parade in August, the Austin Reggae Festival in April,[153] Kite Festival, Texas Craft Brewers Festival in September,[154] Art City Austin in April,[155] East Austin Studio Tour in November,[156] and Carnaval Brasileiro in February. Sixth Street features annual festivals such as the Pecan Street Festival and Halloween night. The three-day Austin City Limits Music Festival has been held in Zilker Park every year since 2002. Every year around the end of March and the beginning of April, Austin is home to "Texas Relay Weekend."

Austin's Zilker Park Tree is a Christmas display made of lights strung from the top of a Moonlight tower in Zilker Park. The Zilker Tree is lit in December along with the "Trail of Lights," an Austin Christmas tradition. The Trail of Lights was canceled four times, first starting in 2001 and 2002 due to the September 11 Attacks, and again in 2010 and 2011 due to budget shortfalls, but the trail was turned back on for the 2012 holiday season.[157]

### Cuisine and breweries[edit | edit source]

File:Two of many food trucks and trailers that serve the eclectic South Austin neighborhood of Austin, Texas LCCN2014632540.tif

A food truck trailer park in South Austin

Austin is perhaps best known for its Texas barbecue and Tex-Mex cuisine. Franklin Barbecue is perhaps Austin's most famous barbecue restaurant; the restaurant has sold out of brisket every day since its establishment.[158][159] Breakfast tacos and queso are popular food items in the city; Austin is sometimes called the "home of the breakfast taco."[160] Kolaches are a common pastry in Austin bakeries due to the large Czech and German immigrant population in Texas.[161] The Oasis Restaurant is the largest outdoor restaurant in Texas, which promotes itself as the "Sunset Capital of Texas" with its terraced views looking West over Lake Travis.[162] P. Terry's, an Austin-based fast food burger chain, has a loyal following among Austinites.[163] Some other Austin-based chain restaurants include Amy's Ice Creams, Bush's Chicken, Chuy's, DoubleDave's Pizzaworks, and Schlotzky's.

Austin is also home to a large number of food trucks, with 1,256 food trucks operating in 2016.[164] The city of Austin has the second-largest number of food trucks per capita in the United States.[164] Austin's first food hall, "Fareground," features a number of Austin-based food vendors and a bar in the ground level and courtyard of One Congress Plaza.[165]

Austin has a large craft beer scene, with over 50 microbreweries in the metro area.[166] Drinks publication VinePair named Austin as the "top beer destination in the world" in 2019.[167] Notable Austin-area breweries include Jester King Brewery, Live Oak Brewing Company, and Real Ale Brewing Company.

### Music[edit | edit source]

Main article: Music of Austin

File:ACL2009SBH.jpg

2009 Austin City Limits Music Festival with view of stages and Downtown Austin

As Austin's official slogan is The Live Music Capital of the World, the city has a vibrant live music scene with more music venues per capita than any other U.S. city.[19][20] Austin's music revolves around the many nightclubs on 6th Street and an annual film/music/interactive festival known as South by Southwest (SXSW). The concentration of restaurants, bars, and music venues in the city's downtown core is a major contributor to Austin's live music scene, as the ZIP Code encompassing the downtown entertainment district hosts the most bar or alcohol-serving establishments in the U.S.[168]

The longest-running concert music program on American television, Austin City Limits, is recorded at ACL Live at The Moody Theater, located in the bottom floor of the 478 feet (146 m) W Hotels in Austin.[169][170] Austin City Limits and C3 Presents produce the Austin City Limits Music Festival, an annual music and art festival held at Zilker Park in Austin. Other music events include the Urban Music Festival, Fun Fun Fun Fest, Chaos In Tejas and Old Settler's Music Festival. Austin Lyric Opera performs multiple operas each year (including the 2007 opening of Philip Glass's Waiting for the Barbarians, written by University of Texas at Austin alumnus J. M. Coetzee).[171] The Austin Symphony Orchestra performs a range of classical, pop and family performances and is led by music director and conductor Peter Bay. The Austin Baroque Orchestra and La Follia Austin Baroque ensembles both give historically informed performances of Baroque music.

### Film[edit | edit source]

Austin hosts several film festivals, including the SXSW (South by Southwest) Film Festival and the Austin Film Festival, which hosts international films. A movie theater chain by the name of Alamo Drafthouse Cinema was founded in Austin in 1997; the South Lamar location of which is home to the annual week-long Fantastic Fest film festival.[172] In 2004 the city was first in MovieMaker Magazine's annual top ten cities to live and make movies.[173]

Austin has been the location for a number of motion pictures, partly due to the influence of The University of Texas at Austin Department of Radio-Television-Film. Films produced in Austin include The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974), Songwriter (1984), Man of the House, Secondhand Lions, Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2, Nadine, Waking Life, Spy Kids, The Faculty, Dazed and Confused, The Guards Themselves, Wild Texas Wind, Office Space, The Life of David Gale, Miss Congeniality, Doubting Thomas, Slacker, Idiocracy, Death Proof, The New Guy, Hope Floats, The Alamo, Blank Check, The Wendall Baker Story, School of Rock, A Slipping-Down Life, A Scanner Darkly, Saturday Morning Massacre, and most recently, the Coen brothers' True Grit, Grindhouse, Machete, How to Eat Fried Worms, Bandslam and Lazer Team. In order to draw future film projects to the area, the Austin Film Society has converted several airplane hangars from the former Mueller Airport into filmmaking center Austin Studios. Projects that have used facilities at Austin Studios include music videos by The Flaming Lips and feature films such as 25th Hour and Sin City.

Austin also hosted the MTV series, The Real World: Austin in 2005. Season 4 of the AMC show Fear the Walking Dead was filmed in various locations around Austin in 2018.[174] The film review websites Spill.com and Ain't It Cool News are based in Austin. Rooster Teeth Productions, creator of popular web series such as Red vs. Blue and RWBY, is also located in Austin.

### Theater[edit | edit source]

File:State and Paramount Theaters - Austin, Texas - DSC08305.jpg

The State Theater and Paramount Theatre on Congress Avenue in Downtown Austin

Austin has a strong theater culture, with dozens of itinerant and resident companies producing a variety of work. The Church of the Friendly Ghost is a volunteer-run arts organization supporting creative expression and counter-culture community. The city also has live performance theater venues such as the Zachary Scott Theatre Center, Vortex Repertory Company, Salvage Vanguard Theater, Rude Mechanicals' the Off Center, Austin Playhouse, Scottish Rite Children's Theater, Hyde Park Theatre, the Blue Theater, The Hideout Theatre, and Esther's Follies.[175] The Victory Grill was a renowned venue on the Chitlin' Circuit.[176] Public art and performances in the parks and on bridges are popular. Austin hosts the Fuse Box Festival each April featuring theater artists.[177]

The Paramount Theatre, opened in downtown Austin in 1915, contributes to Austin's theater and film culture, showing classic films throughout the summer and hosting regional premieres for films such as Miss Congeniality.[178] The Zilker Park Summer Musical is a long-running outdoor musical.[179]

The Long Center for the Performing Arts is a 2,300-seat theater built partly with materials reused from the old Lester E. Palmer Auditorium.

Ballet Austin is among the fifteen largest ballet academies in the country.[180] Each year Ballet Austin's 20-member professional company performs ballets from a wide variety of choreographers, including their international award-winning artistic director, Stephen Mills. The city is also home to the Ballet East Dance Company, a modern dance ensemble, and the Tapestry Dance Company which performs a variety of dance genres.

The Austin improvisational theatre scene has several theaters: ColdTowne Theater, The Hideout Theater, The Fallout Theater, and The Institution Theater. Austin also hosts the Out of Bounds Comedy Festival, which draws comedic artists in all disciplines to Austin.

### Libraries[edit | edit source]

File:Austin public library opened October 28 2017.jpg

View of Austin Central Library from César Chávez Street

The Austin Public Library is a public library system operated by the City of Austin and consists of the Central Library on César Chávez Street, the Austin History Center, 20 branches and the Recycled Reads bookstore and upcycling facility.[181] The APL library system also has mobile libraries – bookmobile buses and a human-powered trike and trailer called "unbound: sin fronteras."[182][183]

The Central Library, which is an anchor to the redevelopment of the former Seaholm Power Plant site and the Shoal Creek Walk, opened on October 28, 2017.[184] The six-story Central Library contains a living rooftop garden, reading porches, an indoor reading room, bicycle parking station, large indoor and outdoor event spaces, a gift shop, an art gallery, café, and a "technology petting zoo" where visitors can play with next-generation gadgets like 3D printers.[185] In 2018, Time magazine named the Austin Central Library on its list of "World's Greatest Places."[186]

### Museums and other points of interest[edit | edit source]

File:LBJ Library 2017.jpg

The Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library on the University of Texas campus in Austin

Museums in Austin include the Texas Memorial Museum, the George Washington Carver Museum and Cultural Center, Thinkery, the Blanton Museum of Art (reopened in 2006), the Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum across the street (which opened in 2000), The Contemporary Austin, the Elisabet Ney Museum and the galleries at the Harry Ransom Center. The Texas State Capitol itself is also a major tourist attraction.

The Driskill Hotel, built in 1886, once owned by George W. Littlefield, and located at 6th and Brazos streets, was finished just before the construction of the Capitol building. Sixth Street is a musical hub for the city. The Enchanted Forest, a multi-acre outdoor music, art, and performance art space in South Austin hosts events such as fire-dancing and circus-like-acts.[187] Austin is also home to the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, which houses documents and artifacts related to the Johnson administration, including LBJ's limousine and a re-creation of the Oval Office.

File:TMI castle austin 2014.jpg

The HOPE Outdoor Gallery, overlooked by the historic Texas Military Academy building, the oldest standing educational building in Texas

Locally produced art is featured at the South Austin Museum of Popular Culture. The Mexic-Arte Museum is a Mexican and Mexican-American art museum founded in 1983. Austin is also home to the O. Henry House Museum, which served as the residence of O. Henry from 1893 to 1895. Farmers' markets are popular attractions, providing a variety of locally grown and often organic foods.[188]

Austin also has many odd statues and landmarks, such as the Stevie Ray Vaughan Memorial, the Willie Nelson statue, the Mangia dinosaur, the Loca Maria lady at Taco Xpress, the Hyde Park Gym's giant flexed arm, and Daniel Johnston's Hi, How are You? Jeremiah the Innocent frog mural.[189]

The Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge houses the world's largest urban population of Mexican free-tailed bats. Starting in March,[190][191] up to 1.5 million bats take up residence inside the bridge's expansion and contraction zones as well as in long horizontal grooves running the length of the bridge's underside, an environment ideally suited for raising their young. Every evening around sunset, the bats emerge in search of insects, an exit visible on weather radar. Watching the bat emergence is an event that is popular with locals and tourists, with more than 100,000 viewers per year. The bats migrate to Mexico each winter.[192]

The Austin Zoo, located in unincorporated western Travis County, is a rescue zoo that provides sanctuary to displaced animals from a variety of situations, including those involving neglect.

The HOPE Outdoor Gallery is a public, three-story outdoor street art project located on Baylor Street in the Clarksville neighborhood.[193] The gallery, which consists of the foundations of a failed multifamily development,[194] is a constantly-evolving canvas of graffiti and murals. Also known as "Castle Hill" or simply "Graffiti Park," the site on Baylor Street was closed to the public in early January 2019 but remained intact, behind a fence and with an armed guard, in mid-March 2019.[195] The gallery will build a new art park at Carson Creek Ranch in Southeast Austin.[196]

## Sports[edit | edit source]

Main article: Sports in Austin

Austin area professional sports teams  Club  | Sport  | Founded  | League  | Venue

|
|
|
|

Round Rock Express | Baseball  | 2000  | Pacific Coast League (AAA)  | Dell Diamond
Austin Spurs | Basketball  | 2005  | NBA G League | H-E-B Center at Cedar Park
Texas Stars | Ice hockey | 2009  | American Hockey League | H-E-B Center at Cedar Park
Austin Outlaws | Football | 2003  | Women's Football Alliance | House Park
Austin Huns | Rugby | 1972  | Texas Rugby Union | Huns Field at Nixon Lane
Austin FC | Soccer | 2019  | Major League Soccer | Q2 Stadium

File:Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium in 2010.jpg

Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, home of Texas Longhorns football

File:Cedar park center 2014.jpg

H-E-B Center stadium located in Cedar Park, Texas

Many Austinites support the athletic programs of the University of Texas at Austin known as the Texas Longhorns. During the 2005–2006 academic term, Longhorns football team was named the NCAA Division I FBS National Football Champion, and Longhorns baseball team won the College World Series.[197][198] The Texas Longhorns play home games in the state's second-largest sports stadium, Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium, seating over 101,000 fans.[199] Baseball games are played at UFCU Disch–Falk Field.

Austin was the most populous city in the United States without a major-league professional sports team, which changed in 2021 with Austin FC's entry to MLS.[200] Minor-league professional sports came to Austin in 1996, when the Austin Ice Bats began playing at the Travis County Expo Center;[201] they were later replaced by the AHL Texas Stars.[202] Austin has hosted a number of other professional teams, including the Austin Spurs of the NBA G League,[203] the Austin Aztex of the United Soccer League, the Austin Outlaws in WFA football, and the Austin Aces in WTT tennis.

Natural features like the bicycle-friendly Texas Hill Country and generally mild climate make Austin the home of several endurance and multi-sport races and communities. The Capitol 10,000 is the largest 10 k race in Texas, and approximately fifth largest in the United States.[204] The Austin Marathon has been run in the city every year since 1992. Additionally, the city is home to the largest 5 mile race in Texas,[205] named the Turkey Trot as it is run annually on thanksgiving. Started in 1991 by Thundercloud Subs, a local sandwich chain (who still sponsors the event), the event has grown to host over 20,000 runners. All proceeds are donated to Caritas of Austin, a local charity.

The Austin-founded American Swimming Association hosts several swim races around town. Austin is also the hometown of several cycling groups and the disgraced cyclist Lance Armstrong.[206] Combining these three disciplines is a growing crop of triathlons, including the Capital of Texas Triathlon held every Memorial Day on and around Lady Bird Lake, Auditorium Shores, and Downtown Austin.[207]

Austin is home to the Circuit of the Americas (COTA), a grade 1 Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile specification 3.427-mile (5.515 km) motor racing facility which hosts the Formula One United States Grand Prix.[208] The State of Texas has pledged $25 million in public funds annually for 10 years to pay the sanctioning fees for the race.[209][210] Built at an estimated cost of $250 to $300 million, the circuit opened in 2012 and is located just east of the Austin Bergstrom International Airport.[211][212] In August 2017, a new soccer-specific stadium was announced to be built between the Austin360 Amphitheater and the Grand Plaza at COTA. A professional soccer team known as Austin Bold FC will start playing in the United Soccer League in 2019.[213][214]

The summer of 2014 marked the inaugural season for World TeamTennis team Austin Aces, formerly Orange County Breakers of the southern California region. The Austin Aces played their matches at the Cedar Park Center northwest of Austin, and featured former professionals Andy Roddick and Marion Bartoli, as well as current WTA tour player Vera Zvonareva.[215] The team left after the 2015 season.

In 2017, Precourt Sports Ventures announced a plan to move the Columbus Crew SC soccer franchise from Columbus, Ohio to Austin.[216] Precourt negotiated an agreement with the City of Austin to build a $200 million privately funded stadium on public land at 10414 McKalla Place,[217] following initial interest in Butler Shores Metropolitan Park and Roy G. Guerrero Colorado River Park.[218] As part of an arrangement with the league, operational rights of Columbus Crew SC were sold in late 2018,[219] and Austin FC was announced as Major League Soccer's 27th franchise on January 15, 2019, with the expansion team starting play in 2021.[220]

## Parks and recreation[edit | edit source]

The Austin Parks and Recreation Department received the Excellence in Aquatics award in 1999 and the Gold Medal Awards in 2004 from the National Recreation and Park Association.[221][222]

To strengthen the region's parks system, which spans more than 29,000 acres (11,736 ha), The Austin Parks Foundation (APF) was established in 1992 to develop and improve parks in and around Austin. APF works to fill the city's park funding gap by leveraging volunteers, philanthropists, park advocates, and strategic collaborations to develop, maintain and enhance Austin's parks, trails and green spaces.

### Lady Bird Lake[edit | edit source]

File:ButlerTrailAustin.jpg

Ann and Roy Butler Hike-and-Bike Trail along Lady Bird Lake

File:BartonCreek-2010-c.JPG

Sculpture Falls along the Barton Creek Greenbelt

File:DeepEddyPoolBySteveHopson.jpg

Austin's Deep Eddy Pool is the oldest man-made pool in Texas.

File:Hamilton Pool March 2016 3.JPG

Hamilton Pool Preserve

File:Covert Park at Mount Bonnell 20160905130602.jpg

View of the Colorado River from Covert Park at Mount Bonnell

Lady Bird Lake (formerly Town Lake)[223] is a river-like reservoir on the Colorado River. The lake is a popular recreational area for paddleboards, kayaks, canoes, dragon boats, and rowing shells. Austin's warm climate and the river's calm waters, nearly 6 miles (9.7 km) length and straight courses are especially popular with crew teams and clubs. Other recreational attractions along the shores of the lake include swimming in Deep Eddy Pool, the oldest swimming pool in Texas, and Red Bud Isle, a small island formed by the 1900 collapse of the McDonald Dam that serves as a recreation area with a dog park and access to the lake for canoeing and fishing.[224] The 10.1 miles (16.3 km) Ann and Roy Butler Hike and Bike Trail forms a complete circuit around the lake. A local nonprofit, The Trail Foundation, is the Trail's private steward and has built amenities and infrastructure including trailheads, lakefront gathering areas, restrooms, exercise equipment, as well as doing Trailwide ecological restoration work on an ongoing basis. The Butler Trail loop was completed in 2014 with the public-private partnership 1-mile Boardwalk project.[225]

Along the shores of Lady Bird Lake is the 350 acre (142 ha) Zilker Park, which contains large open lawns, sports fields, cross country courses, historical markers, concession stands, and picnic areas.[226] Zilker Park is also home to numerous attractions, including the Zilker Botanical Garden, the Umlauf Sculpture Garden, Zilker Hillside Theater, the Austin Nature & Science Center, and the Zilker Zephyr, a 12 in (305 mm) gauge miniature railway carries passengers on a tour around the park.[227][228] Auditorium Shores, an urban park along the lake, is home to the Palmer Auditorium, the Long Center for the Performing Arts, and an off-leash dog park on the water.[229] Both Zilker Park and Auditorium Shores have a direct view of the Downtown skyline.[230]

### Barton Creek Greenbelt[edit | edit source]

The Barton Creek Greenbelt is a 7.25-mile (11.67 km) public green belt managed by the City of Austin's Park and Recreation Department. The Greenbelt, which begins at Zilker Park and stretches South/Southwest to the Woods of Westlake subdivision, is characterized by large limestone cliffs, dense foliage, and shallow bodies of water. Popular activities include rock climbing, mountain biking, and hiking. Some well known naturally forming swimming holes along Austin's greenbelt include Twin Falls, Sculpture Falls, Gus Fruh Pool, and Campbell's Hole. During years of heavy rainfall, the water level of the creek rises high enough to allow swimming, cliff diving, kayaking, paddle boarding, and tubing.

### Swimming holes[edit | edit source]

Austin is home to more than 50 public pools and swimming holes. These include Deep Eddy Pool, Texas' oldest man-made swimming pool, and Barton Springs Pool, the nation's largest natural swimming pool in an urban area.[231][232] Barton Springs Pool is spring-fed while Deep Eddy is well-fed. Both range in temperature from about 68.0 °F (20.0 °C) during the winter to about 71.6 °F (22.0 °C) during the summer.[233][234][235] Hippie Hollow Park, a county park situated along Lake Travis, is the only officially sanctioned clothing-optional public park in Texas. Hamilton Pool Preserve is a natural pool that was created when the dome of an underground river collapsed due to massive erosion thousands of years ago. The pool, located about 23 miles (37 km) west of Austin, is a popular summer swimming spot for visitors and residents. Hamilton Pool Preserve consists of 232 acres (0.94 km2) of protected natural habitat featuring a jade green pool into which a 50-foot (15 m) waterfall flows.[236]

### Other parks and recreation[edit | edit source]

Camping is legal on all public property except in front of City Hall since 2019. However, "Other areas where camping remains banned include any city park space, under Austin Parks and Recreation rules. That includes downtown green spaces as well as trails and greenbelts such as along Barton Creek."[237]

McKinney Falls State Park is a state park administered by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, located at the confluence of Onion Creek and Williamson Creek. The park includes several designated hiking trails and campsites with water and electric. The namesake features of the park are the scenic upper and lower falls along Onion Creek. The Emma Long Metropolitan Park is a municipal park along the shores of Lake Austin, originally constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The 284 acres (115 ha) Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center is a botanical garden and arboretum that features more than 800 species of native Texas plants in both garden and natural settings; the Wildflower Center is located 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Downtown in Circle C Ranch.[238] Roy G. Guerrero Park is located along the Colorado River in East Riverside and contains miles of wooded trails, a sandy beach along the river, and a disc golf course.

Covert Park, located on the top of Mount Bonnell, is a popular tourist destination overlooking Lake Austin and the Colorado River. The mount provides a vista for viewing the city of Austin, Lake Austin, and the surrounding hills.[239] It was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1969, bearing Marker number 6473,[240] and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

The Austin Country Club is a private golf club located along the shores of the Colorado River, right next to the Pennybacker Bridge. Founded in 1899, the club moved to its third and present site in 1984, which features a challenging layout designed by noted course architect Pete Dye.[241][242]

## Government[edit | edit source]

### Crime[edit | edit source]

As of 2021, Austin is one of the safest large cities in the United States.[243] MoneyGeek ranked it as the ninth safest city with a population above 300,000 in 2020.[244] In 2019, the FBI named Austin the 11th safest city on a list of 22 American cities with a population above 400,000.[245]

FBI statistics show that overall violent and property crimes dropped in Austin in 2015, but increased in suburban areas of the city.[246] One such southeastern suburb, Del Valle, reported eight homicides within two months in 2016.[247] According to 2016 APD crime statistics, the 78723 census tract had the most violent crime, with 6 murders, 25 rapes, and 81 robberies.[248] The city had 39 homicides in 2016, the most since 1997.[249][250]

#### Notable incidents[edit | edit source]

One of the first American mass school shooting incidents took place in Austin on August 1, 1966, when Charles Whitman shot 43 people, killing 13 from the top of the University of Texas tower.[251] The University of Texas tower shooting led to the formation of the SWAT team of the Austin Police Department.[251][252][253]

In 1991, four teenage girls were murdered in a yogurt shop by an unknown assailant(s). A police officer responded to reports of a fire at the I Can't Believe It's Yogurt! store on Anderson Lane and discovered the girls' bodies in a back room. The murders remain unsolved.[254]

In 2010, Andrew Joseph Stack III deliberately crashed his Piper PA-28 Cherokee into Echelon 1, a building in which the Internal Revenue Service, housing 190 employees was a lessee of.[255] The resulting explosion killed 1 and injured 13 IRS employees, completely destroyed the building and cost the IRS a total of $38.6 million.[256] (see 2010 Austin suicide attack)

A series of bombings occurred in Austin in March 2018. Over the course of 20 days, five package bombs exploded, killing two people and injuring another five. The suspect, 23-year-old Mark Anthony Conditt of Pflugerville, Texas, blew himself up inside his vehicle after he was pulled over by police on March 21, also injuring a police officer.[257][258]

In 2020, Austin was the victim of a cyberattack by the Russian group Berserk Bear, possibly related to the U.S. federal government data breach earlier that year.[259][260]

On April 18, 2021, a shooting occurred at the Arboretum Oaks Apartments near The Arboretum shopping center, in which a former Travis County Sheriff's Office detective killed his ex-wife, his adoptive daughter, and his daughter's boyfriend.[261][262][263] The suspect, who was previously charged with child sexual assault, was arrested in Manor after a 20-hour manhunt.[264][265]

A mass shooting took place in the early morning of June 12, 2021, on Sixth Street, which resulted in 14 people injured and one dead. The man killed was believed to be an innocent bystander who was struck as he was standing outside a bar. A 19-year-old suspect was formally charged and arrested in Killeen nearly two weeks after the shooting.[266][267][268]

### City government[edit | edit source]

See also: List of mayors of Austin, Texas and Austin City Council

File:AustinTXCityHall.JPG

Austin City Hall

Austin is administered by an 11-member city council (10 council members elected by geographic district plus a mayor elected at large). The council is accompanied by a hired city manager under the manager-council system of municipal governance. Council and mayoral elections are non-partisan, with a runoff in case there is no majority winner. A referendum approved by voters on November 6, 2012, changed the council composition from six council members plus a mayor elected at large to the current "10+1" district system. November 2014 marked the first election under the new system. The Federal government had forced San Antonio and Dallas to abandon at-large systems before 1987; however, the court could not show a racist pattern in Austin and upheld the city's at-large system during a 1984 lawsuit. In five elections between 1973 and 1994 Austin voters rejected single-member districts.[269]

Austin formerly operated its city hall at 128 West 8th Street.[270] Antoine Predock and Cotera Kolar Negrete & Reed Architects designed a new city hall building, which was intended to reflect what The Dallas Morning News referred to as a "crazy-quilt vitality, that embraces everything from country music to environmental protests and high-tech swagger."[271] The new city hall, built from recycled materials, has solar panels in its garage.[272] The city hall, at 301 West Second Street, opened in November 2004.[273] Steve Adler assumed the office of mayor on January 6, 2015.

Law enforcement in Austin is provided by the Austin Police Department, except for state government buildings, which are patrolled by the Texas Department of Public Safety. The University of Texas Police operate from the University of Texas.

Fire protection within the city limits is provided by the Austin Fire Department, while the surrounding county is divided into twelve geographical areas known as emergency services districts, which are covered by separate regional fire departments.[274] Emergency medical services are provided for the whole county by Austin-Travis County Emergency Medical Services.[275][276]

Mayor Steve Adler (D)

District | Name | Party (officially nonpartisan) | References

|
|
|

1 | Natasha Harper-Madison | Democratic | [277]
2 | Delia Garza | Democratic | [278]
3 | Sabino "Pio" Renteria | Democratic | [279]
4 | Jose "Chito" Vela | Democratic | [280]
5 | Ann Kitchen | Democratic | [281]
6 | Mackenzie Kelly | Republican | [282]
7 | Leslie Pool | Democratic | [283]
8 | Paige Ellis | Democratic | [284]
9 | Kathie Tovo | Democratic | [285]
10 | Alison Alter | Democratic | [286]

### Other levels of government[edit | edit source]

See also: Government of Texas and List of capitals in the United States

File:Federal Courthouse, Austin, TX IMG 6339.JPG

The 8-story U.S. Courthouse is located at Fourth, Fifth, San Antonio, and Nueces streets (opened December 2012).[287]

Austin is the county seat of Travis County and hosts the Heman Marion Sweatt Travis County Courthouse downtown, as well as other county government offices.

The Texas Department of Transportation operates the Austin District Office in Austin.[288]

The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) operates the Austin I and Austin II district parole offices in Austin.[289]

The United States Postal Service operates several post offices in Austin.

### Politics[edit | edit source]

Austin is known as an enclave of liberal politics in an otherwise conservative state—so much so, that the city is sometimes sarcastically called the "People's Republic of Austin" by residents of other parts of Texas, and conservatives in the Texas Legislature.[290][291] Former Governor Rick Perry referred to it as a "blueberry in the tomato soup," meaning it is a Democratic city in a Republican state.[292]

Since redistricting following the 2010 United States census, Austin has been divided between six congressional districts at the federal level: Texas's 35th, Texas's 25th, Texas's 10th, Texas's 21st, Texas's 17th, and Texas's 31st. Texas's 35th congressional district is represented by Democrat Lloyd Doggett. The other five districts are represented by Republicans, of whom only one, Michael McCaul of the 10th district, lives in Travis County.

Travis County Presidential elections results Year  | Republican | Democratic

|
|

2020 | 26.4% 161,337 | 71.4% 435,860
2016 | 27.4% 126,750 | 66.3% 306,475
2012 | 36.2% 140,152 | 60.1% 232,788
2008 | 34.3% 136,981 | 63.5% 254,017
2004 | 42.0% 147,885 | 56.0% 197,235
2000 | 46.9% 141,235 | 41.7% 125,526
1996 | 39.9% 98,454 | 52.3% 128,970
1992 | 31.9% 88,105 | 47.3% 130,546
1988 | 44.9% 105,915 | 54.1% 127,783
1984 | 56.8% 124,944 | 42.8% 94,124
1980 | 45.7% 73,151 | 46.9% 75,028
1976 | 46.7% 71,031 | 51.6% 78,585
1972 | 56.3% 70,561 | 43.2% 54,157
1968 | 41.6% 34,309 | 48.1% 39,667
1964 | 31.0% 19,838 | 68.9% 44,058
1960 | 44.9% 22,107 | 54.9% 27,022

As a result of the major party realignment that began in the 1970s, central Austin became a stronghold of the Democratic Party, while the suburbs tend to vote Republican. Overall, the city is a blend of downtown liberalism and suburban conservatism but leans to the political left as a whole. The city last went to a Republican candidate in 2000 when former Texas Governor George W. Bush successfully ran for president. In 2004, the Democrats rebounded strongly as John Kerry enjoyed a 14.0% margin over Bush, who once again won Texas.[293]

City residents have been supportive of alternative candidates; for example, Ralph Nader won 10.4% of the vote in Austin in 2000.

In 2003, the city adopted a resolution against the USA PATRIOT Act that reaffirmed constitutionally guaranteed rights.

As of 2018, all six of Austin's state legislative districts are held by Democrats.

Travis County was also the only county in Texas to reject Texas Constitutional Amendment Proposition 2 that effectively outlawed gay marriage and status equal or similar to it and did so by a wide margin (40% for, 60% against).[294][295][296]

Two of the candidates for president in the 2004 race called Austin home. Michael Badnarik, the Libertarian Party candidate, and David Cobb of the Green Party both had lived in Austin. During the run up to the election in November, a presidential debate was held at the University of Texas at Austin student union involving the two candidates. While the Commission on Presidential Debates only invites Democrats and Republicans to participate in televised debates, the debate at UT was open to all presidential candidates. Austin also hosted one of the last presidential debates between Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton during their heated race for the Democratic nomination in 2008.[297]

In the 2016 presidential election, Travis County, which contains the majority of Austin, voted for Hillary Clinton (D) by a 38.9-point margin (66.3% to 27.4%).[298]

#### Gerrymandering[edit | edit source]

A controversial turning point in the political history of the Austin area was the 2003 Texas redistricting. Before then, Austin had been entirely or almost entirely within the borders of a single congressional district–what was then the 10th District–for over a century. Opponents characterized the resulting district layout as excessively partisan gerrymandering, and the plan was challenged in court by Democratic and minority activists. The Supreme Court of the United States has never struck down a redistricting plan for being excessively partisan. The plan was subsequently upheld by a three-judge federal panel in late 2003, and on June 28, 2006, the matter was largely settled when the Supreme Court, in a 7–2 decision, upheld the entire congressional redistricting plan with the exception of a Hispanic-majority district in southwest Texas. This affected Austin's districting, as U.S. Rep. Lloyd Doggett's district (U.S. Congressional District 25) was found to be insufficiently compact to compensate for the reduced minority influence in the southwest district; it was redrawn so that it took in most of southeastern Travis County and several counties to its south and east.[299]

#### Environmental movement[edit | edit source]

The distinguishing political movement of Austin politics has been that of the environmental movement, which spawned the parallel neighborhood movement, then the more recent conservationist movement (as typified by the Hill Country Conservancy),[300] and eventually the current ongoing debate about "sense of place" and preserving the Austin quality of life. Much of the environmental movement has matured into a debate on issues related to saving and creating an Austin "sense of place."[136] In 2012, Austin became just one of a few cities in Texas to ban the sale and use of plastic bags. However, the ban ended in 2018 due to a court ruling that regarded all bag bans in the state to contravene the Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act.[301]

## Education[edit | edit source]

According to the 2015–2019 Census estimates, 51.7% of Austin residents ages 25 and over have earned at least a bachelor's degree, compared to the national figure of 32.1%. 19.4% hold a graduate or professional degree, compared to the national figure of 12.4%.[302]

### Higher education[edit | edit source]

File:Texas University at Austin (8095546843).jpg

The University of Texas at Austin

File:Austin Community College campus in 2013.jpg

Austin Community College

File:StEdwardsUniversity-April2008-b.JPG

St. Edward's University

Austin is home to the University of Texas at Austin, the flagship institution of the University of Texas System with over 40,000 undergraduate students and 11,000 graduate students.[303]

Other institutions of higher learning in Austin include St. Edward's University, Huston–Tillotson University, Austin Community College, Concordia University, the Seminary of the Southwest, the Acton School of Business, Texas Health and Science University, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, Austin Graduate School of Theology, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Virginia College's Austin Campus, The Art Institute of Austin, Southern Careers Institute of Austin, Austin Conservatory and a branch of Park University.

The University of Texas System and Texas State University System are headquartered in downtown Austin.

### Public primary and secondary education[edit | edit source]

Approximately half of the city by area is served by the Austin Independent School District. This district includes notable schools such as the magnet Liberal Arts and Science Academy High School of Austin, Texas (LASA), which, by test scores, has consistently been within the top thirty high schools in the nation, as well as The Ann Richards School for Young Women Leaders. The remaining portion of Austin is served by adjoining school districts, including Round Rock ISD, Pflugerville ISD, Leander ISD, Manor ISD, Del Valle ISD, Lake Travis ISD, Hays, and Eanes ISD. [304] Four of the metro's major public school systems, representing 54% of area enrollment, are included in Expansion Management magazine's latest annual education quality ratings of nearly 2,800 school districts nationwide. Two districts—Eanes and Round Rock—are rated "gold medal," the highest of the magazine's cost-performance categories.

### Private and alternative education[edit | edit source]

The Austin metropolitan area is also served by 27 charter school districts and over 100 private schools.[305] Austin has a large network of private and alternative education institutions for children in PreK–12th grade exists. Austin is also home to child developmental institutions.

## Media[edit | edit source]

See also: List of newspapers in Texas, List of radio stations in Texas, and List of television stations in Texas

Austin's main daily newspaper is the Austin American-Statesman. The Austin Chronicle is Austin's alternative weekly, while The Daily Texan is the student newspaper of the University of Texas at Austin. Austin's business newspaper is the weekly Austin Business Journal. The Austin Monitor is an online outlet that specializes in insider reporting on City Hall, Travis County Commissioners Court, AISD, and other related local civics beats. The Monitor is backed by the nonprofit Capital of Texas Media Foundation. Austin also has numerous smaller special interest or sub-regional newspapers such as the Oak Hill Gazette, Westlake Picayune, Hill Country News, Round Rock Leader, NOKOA, and The Villager among others. Texas Monthly, a major regional magazine, is also headquartered in Austin. The Texas Observer, a muckraking biweekly political magazine, has been based in Austin for over five decades. The weekly Community Impact Newspaper published by John Garrett, former publisher of the Austin Business Journal has five regional editions and is delivered to every house and business within certain ZIP codes and all of the news is specific to those ZIP codes.[306] Another statewide publication based in Austin is The Texas Tribune, an on-line publication focused on Texas politics.[307] The Tribune is "user-supported" through donations, a business model similar to public radio.[308] The editor is Evan Smith, former editor of Texas Monthly. Smith co-founded the Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, non-partisan public media organization, with Austin venture capitalist John Thornton and veteran journalist Ross Ramsey.[307][309]

Commercial radio stations include KASE-FM (country), KVET (sports), KVET-FM (country), KKMJ-FM (adult contemporary), KLBJ (talk), KLBJ-FM (classic rock), KFIT (variety hits), KFMK (contemporary Christian), KOKE-FM (progressive country) and KPEZ (rhythmic contemporary). KUT-FM is the leading public radio station in Texas and produces the majority of its content locally.[310] KOOP (FM) is a volunteer-run radio station with more than 60 locally produced programs.[311] KVRX is the student-run college radio station of the University of Texas at Austin with a focus on local and non-mainstream music and community programming.[312] Other listener-supported stations include KAZI (urban contemporary), and KMFA (classical).

Network television stations (affiliations in parentheses) include KTBC (Fox O&O), KVUE (ABC), KXAN (NBC), KEYE-TV (CBS), KLRU (PBS), KNVA (The CW), KBVO (MyNetworkTV), and KAKW (Univision O&O). KLRU produces several award-winning locally produced programs such as Austin City Limits.[313] Despite Austin's explosive growth, it is only a medium-sized market (currently 38th) because the suburban and rural areas are not much larger than the city proper. Additionally, the proximity of San Antonio truncates the potential market area.

Alex Jones, journalist, radio show host and filmmaker, produces his talk show The Alex Jones Show in Austin which broadcasts nationally on more than 60 AM and FM radio stations in the United States, WWCR Radio shortwave and XM Radio: Channel 166.[314]

## Transportation[edit | edit source]

In 2009, 72.7% of Austin (city) commuters drove alone, with other mode shares being: 10.4% carpool, 6% were remote workers, 5% use transit, 2.3% walk, and 1% bicycle.[315][316] In 2016, the American Community Survey estimated modal shares for Austin (city) commuters of 73.5% for driving alone, 9.6% for carpooling, 3.6% for riding transit, 2% for walking, and 1.5% for cycling.[317] The city of Austin has a lower than average percentage of households without a car. In 2015, 6.9 percent of Austin households lacked a car, and decreased slightly to 6 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Austin averaged 1.65 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.[318]

In mid-2019, TomTom ranked Austin as having the worst traffic congestion in Texas, as well as 19th nationally and 179th globally.[319]

### Highways[edit | edit source]

See also: List of highways in Travis County, Texas

File:Pennybacker bridge sunset 2006.jpg

The Pennybacker Bridge is the signature element of Loop 360 in the Texas Hill Country.

Central Austin lies between two major north–south freeways: Interstate 35 to the east and the Mopac Expressway (Loop 1) to the west. U.S. Highway 183 runs from northwest to southeast, and State Highway 71 crosses the southern part of the city from east to west, completing a rough "box" around central and north-central Austin. Austin is the largest city in the United States to be served by only one Interstate Highway.

U.S. Highway 290 enters Austin from the east and merges into Interstate 35. Its highway designation continues south on I-35 and then becomes part of Highway 71, continuing to the west. Highway 290 splits from Highway 71 in southwest Austin, in an interchange known as "The Y." Highway 71 continues to Brady, Texas, and Highway 290 continues west to intersect Interstate 10 near Junction. Interstate 35 continues south through San Antonio to Laredo on the Texas-Mexico border. Interstate 35 is the highway link to the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex in northern Texas. There are two links to Houston, Texas (Highway 290 and State Highway 71/Interstate 10). Highway 183 leads northwest of Austin toward Lampasas.

In the mid-1980s, construction was completed on Loop 360, a scenic highway that curves through the hill country from near the 71/Mopac interchange in the south to near the 183/Mopac interchange in the north. The iconic Pennybacker Bridge, also known as the "360 Bridge," crosses Lake Austin to connect the northern and southern portions of Loop 360.

### Tollways[edit | edit source]

File:Texas45.jpg

Interchange of Interstate 35 and State Highway 45

State Highway 130 is a bypass route designed to relieve traffic congestion, starting from Interstate 35 just north of Georgetown and running along a parallel route to the east, where it bypasses Round Rock, Austin, San Marcos and New Braunfels before ending at Interstate 10 east of Seguin, where drivers could drive 30 miles (48 km) west to return to Interstate 35 in San Antonio. The first segment was opened in November 2006, which was located east of Austin–Bergstrom International Airport at Austin's southeast corner on State Highway 71. Highway 130 runs concurrently with Highway 45 from Pflugerville on the north until it reaches US 183 well south of Austin, at which point SR 45 continues west. The entire route of State Highway 130 is now complete. The final leg opened on November 1, 2012. The highway is noted for having a maximum speed limit of 85 mph (137 km/h) for the entire route. The 41-mile (66 km) section of the toll road between Mustang Ridge and Seguin has a posted speed limit of 85 mph (137 km/h), the highest posted speed limit in the United States.

State Highway 45 runs east–west from just south of Highway 183 in Cedar Park to 130 inside Pflugerville (just east of Round Rock). A tolled extension of State Highway Loop 1 was also created. A new southeast leg of Highway 45 has recently been completed, running from US 183 and the south end of Segment 5 of TX-130 south of Austin due west to I-35 at the FM 1327/Creedmoor exit between the south end of Austin and Buda. The 183A Toll Road opened in March 2007, providing a tolled alternative to U.S. 183 through the cities of Leander and Cedar Park. Currently under construction is a change to East US 290 from US 183 to the town of Manor. Officially, the tollway will be dubbed Tollway 290 with "Manor Expressway" as nickname.

Despite the overwhelming initial opposition to the toll road concept when it was first announced, all three toll roads have exceeded revenue projections.[320]

File:AUSCentralConcourse.JPG

The Barbara Jordan Terminal at Austin–Bergstrom International Airport

### Airports[edit | edit source]

Austin's primary airport is Austin–Bergstrom International Airport (ABIA) (IATA code AUS), located 5 miles (8 km) southeast of the city. The airport is on the site of the former Bergstrom Air Force Base, which was closed in 1993 as part of the Base Realignment and Closure process. Until 1999, Robert Mueller Municipal Airport was Austin's main airport until ABIA took that role and the old airport was shut down.[321] Austin Executive Airport, along with several smaller airports outside the city center, serves general aviation traffic.

### Intercity transit[edit | edit source]

File:Texas Eagle arriving in Austin, en route from Los Angeles to Chicago.jpg

Amtrak's Texas Eagle stops in Austin twice daily

Amtrak's Austin station is located in west downtown and is served by the Texas Eagle which runs daily between Chicago and San Antonio, continuing on to Los Angeles several times a week.[322]

Railway segments between Austin and San Antonio have been evaluated for a proposed regional passenger rail project called "Lone Star Rail". However, failure to come to an agreement with the track's current owner, Union Pacific Railroad, ended the project in 2016.[323]

Greyhound Lines operates the Austin Station north of downtown near Highland Mall.[324] Grupo Senda's Turimex Internacional service operates bus service from Austin to Nuevo Laredo and on to many destinations in Mexico from their station in East Austin.[325] Megabus offers daily service to San Antonio, Dallas/Fort Worth and Houston.[326]

### Public transportation[edit | edit source]

See also: Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority

File:Austin Metrorail.jpg

Capital MetroRail train at Downtown Station

The Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Capital Metro) provides public transportation to the city, primarily with its MetroBus local bus service, the MetroExpress express bus system, as well as a bus rapid transit service, MetroRapid. Capital Metro opened a 32-mile (51 km) commuter rail system, Capital MetroRail, in 2010.[327] The system consists of a single line serving downtown Austin, the neighborhoods of East Austin, North Central Austin, and Northwest Austin plus the suburb of Leander.

Since it began operations in 1985, Capital Metro has proposed adding light rail services to its network. Despite support from the City Council, voters rejected light rail proposals in 2000[328] and 2014.[329] However, in 2020, voters approved Capital Metro's US$10 billion transit expansion plan, Project Connect, by a comfortable margin. The plan proposes 2 new light rail lines, an additional bus rapid transit line (which could be converted to light rail in the future), a second commuter rail line, several new MetroRapid lines, more MetroExpress routes, and a number of other infrastructure, technology and service expansion projects.[330]

Capital Area Rural Transportation System connects Austin with outlying suburbs and surrounding rural areas.

### Ride sharing[edit | edit source]

Austin is served by several ride-sharing companies including Uber and Lyft.[331][332][333] On May 9, 2016, Uber and Lyft voluntarily ceased operations in Austin in response to a city ordinance that required ride sharing company drivers to get fingerprint checks, have their vehicles labeled, and not pick up or drop off in certain city lanes.[334][335] Uber and Lyft resumed service in the summer of 2017.[336] The city was previously served by Fasten until they ceased all operations in the city in March 2018.[337]

Austin is also served by Electric Cab of North America's six-passenger electric cabs that operate on a flexible route from the Kramer MetroRail Station to Domain Northside and from the Downtown MetroRail station and MetroRapid stops to locations between the Austin Convention Center and near Sixth and Bowie streets by Whole Foods.[338]

Carsharing service Zipcar operates in Austin and, until 2019, the city was also served by Car2Go which kept its North American headquarters in the city even after pulling out.[339]

### Cycling and walking[edit | edit source]

File:Pfluger Pedestrian Bridge.jpg

The Pfluger Pedestrian Bridge over the Colorado River

Austin is known as the most bike-friendly city in Texas, and was ranked the #7 city in the US by Bicycling Magazine in 2016.[340]

The city's bike advocacy organization is Bike Austin.[341] BikeTexas, a state-level advocacy organization, also has its main office in Austin.[342]

Bicycles are a popular transportation choice among students, faculty, and staff at the University of Texas. According to a survey done at the University of Texas, 57% of commuters bike to campus.[343]

The City of Austin and Capital Metro jointly own a bike-sharing service, Capital MetroBike, which is available in and around downtown. The service is a franchise of BCycle, a national bike sharing network owned by Trek Bicycle, and is operated by local nonprofit organization Bike Share of Austin.[344] Until 2020 the service was known as Austin BCycle.[345] In 2018, Lime began offering dockless bikes, which do not need to be docked at a designated station.[346]

In 2018, scooter-sharing companies Lime and Bird debuted rentable electric scooters in Austin. The city briefly banned the scooters — which began operations before the city could implement a permitting system — until the city completed development of their "dockless mobility" permitting process on May 1, 2018.[347] Dockless electric scooters and bikes are banned from Austin city parks and the Ann and Roy Butler Trail and Boardwalk.[348] For the 2018 Austin City Limits Music Festival, the city of Austin offered a designated parking area for dockless bikes and scooters.[349]

A 2013 study by Walk Score ranked Austin 35th most walkable of the 50 largest U.S. cities.[350] More recently, Walk Score rated some Austin neighborhoods among the most walkable in Texas. Downtown Austin scored 88 points out of a possible 100, with the West Campus neighborhood scoring 87, and East Austin scoring 81.[351]

## Notable people[edit | edit source]

Main article: List of people from Austin, Texas

See also: List of University of Texas at Austin alumni

## International relations[edit | edit source]

Austin has two types of relationships with other cities, sister and friendship.

### Sister cities[edit | edit source]

File:AustinSaltilloSisterAustinTX.JPG

Sister city monument in Austin commemorating the relationship with Saltillo

Austin's sister cities are:[352]

* File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Adelaide, Australia (1983)
* File:Flag of France.svg Angers, Pays de la Loire, France (2011)
* File:Flag of Turkey.svg Antalya, Antalya Province, Turkey (2009)
* Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea (2001)
* File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Hackney, London, England, United Kingdom (2014)
* Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany (1991)
* File:Flag of Peru.svg Lima, Peru (1981)
* File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Maseru, Lesotho (1978)
* Ōita, Ōita, Japan (1990)
* File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Orlu, South East, Nigeria (2000)
* Pune, Maharashtra, India (2018)
* Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico (1968)
* File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taichung, Taiwan (1986)
* Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China (1997)

The cities of Belo Horizonte, Brazil and Elche, Spain were formerly sister cities, but upon a vote of the Austin City Council in 1991, their status was de-activated.[353]

### Friendship cities[edit | edit source]

Covenants between two city leaders:[354]

* File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Siem Reap, Cambodia (2011)
* Tehuacán, Mexico (2019)
* File:Flag of France.svg Villefranche-sur-Mer, France (2010)

## See also[edit | edit source]

* List of companies based in Austin, Texas
* List of people from Austin, Texas
* National Register of Historic Places listings in Travis County, Texas
* Williamson Creek Greenbelt

## Notes[edit | edit source]

1. ^ All elected officials in the city of Austin are officially nonpartisan; party affiliation is for informational purposes only.
2. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
3. ^ Official records for Austin were kept at downtown from September 1891 to July 1942, Mueller Airport from August 1942 to June 1999, and at Camp Mabry since July 1999. For more information, see Threadex

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## Further reading[edit | edit source]

* Shank, Barry (1994). Dissonant identities: the rock'n'roll scene in Austin, Texas. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England. ISBN 978-0-8195-6276-0.
* Thompson, Karen; Howell, Kathy R. (2000). Austin, Texas. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-0832-0.

## External links[edit | edit source]

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* Huston–Tillotson University
* St. Edward's University
* University of Texas

|

School districts|

* Austin ISD
* template
* Del Valle ISD
* Eanes ISD
* Hays CISD
* Leander ISD
* Lake Travis ISD
* Manor ISD
* Pflugerville ISD

State schools|

* Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired
* Texas School for the Deaf

| Closed|

* Texas Blind, Deaf, and Orphan School

|

Libraries|

* Austin Public Library
* Lorenzo de Zavala State Archives and Library Building

Government|

* City Hall
* Camp Mabry
* City Council
* Fire
* Health
* Police

Industry|

| General|

* Amy's Ice Creams
* Golfsmith
* Keller Williams Realty
* Schlotzsky's
* Whole Foods Market

|

Creative arts|

* Alamo Drafthouse Cinema/Drafthouse Films
* Collings Guitars
* Devolver Digital
* Gunfire Games
* Inner Sanctum Records
* Powerhouse Animation Studios
* Retro Studios
* Rooster Teeth
* Troublemaker Studios
* Waterloo Records
* Western Vinyl

Technology|

* Advanced Technology Development Facility (ATDF)
* Cirrus Logic
* Dell Computer
* Freescale Semiconductor
* Luminex Corporation
* MCC
* National Instruments
* Silicon Laboratories
* Valence Technology

Museums|

* Arthouse at Laguna Gloria
* Arthouse at The Jones Center
* Austin History Center
* Austin Museum of Digital Art
* Blanton Museum of Art
* Bullock Texas State History Museum
* The Contemporary Austin
* Dolph Briscoe Center for American History
* Elisabet Ney Museum
* French Legation Museum
* George Washington Carver Museum and Cultural Center
* Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
* Jacob Fontaine Religious Museum
* Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
* Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum
* Mexic-Arte Museum
* Neill-Cochran House Museum
* O. Henry Museum
* South Austin Museum of Popular Culture
* Texas Memorial Museum
* Texas Military Forces Museum
* Texas State Capitol Visitors Center
* Umlauf Sculpture Garden and Museum

Music|

* Antone's
* Armadillo World Headquarters
* Austin City Limits
* Austin Opera
* Austin Symphony Orchestra
* Cinematic Symphony
* Emo's
* SXSW

Neighborhoods|

* Allandale
* Anderson Mill
* Barton Hills
* Blackland
* Bouldin Creek
* Bremond Block Historic District
* Brentwood
* Bryker Woods
* Canyon Creek
* Chinatown
* Circle C Ranch
* Clarksville
* Congress Avenue
* Copperfield
* Crestview
* Dawson
* Dove Springs
* Downtown Austin
* The Drag
* East Cesar Chavez
* East Riverside-Oltorf
* Easton Park
* French Place
* Galindo
* Granada Hills
* Hancock
* Hyde Park Historic District
* Jollyville
* Montopolis
* Moore's Crossing Historic District
* Mueller Community
* North Burnet–Gateway
* North Shoal Creek
* Northwest Hills
* Oak Hill
* Old West Austin
* Onion Creek
* Pemberton Heights
* Rainey Street
* Rosedale
* Saint John
* Scenic Brook
* Shadow Lawn Historic District
* Sixth Street
* South Congress
* South Lamar
* South River City
* Spyglass-Barton's Bluff
* Swedish Hill
* Tarrytown
* Travis Heights
* Waters Park
* West Campus
* Westgate
* West Line
* Willow-Spence Streets
* Windsor Hills
* Windsor Park
* Wooten
* Zilker

Parks and
recreation|

* Auditorium Shores
* Barton Creek
* Barton Springs
* Big Walnut Creek
* Bull Creek
* Colorado River
* Deep Eddy Pool
* Emma Long
* Hippie Hollow
* Lady Bird Lake
* Lake Austin
* Lake Travis
* Lake Walter E. Long
* McKinney Falls
* Mount Bonnell
* Pease Park
* Republic Square
* Rosewood Park
* Walnut Creek Park
* Wild Basin
* Zilker Park

Transportation|

| Public|

* Austin–Bergstrom International Airport
* Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority
* Capital MetroBus
* Capital MetroRail
* Capital MetroRapid
* Capital Area Rural Transportation System

|

Freeways|

* MoPac Expressway
* Interstate 35
* Pickle Parkway
* SH 71
* US 290
* US 183

Streets|

* Congress Avenue
* Guadalupe Street
* Sixth Street

Bridges|

* Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge
* Lamar Boulevard Bridge
* Larry Monroe Forever Bridge
* Montopolis Bridge
* Pennybacker Bridge
* Pfluger Pedestrian Bridge
* West Fifth Street Bridge
* West Sixth Street Bridge

Weirdness|

* Keep Austin Weird
* Leslie Cochran
* Occupy Austin
* Spamarama
* Weird City

Sports|

* Austin Bold FC
* Austin FC
* Austin Gilgronis
* Austin Huns
* Austin Outlaws
* Austin Spurs
* FC Austin Elite
* Round Rock Express
* Texas Stars

* v
* t
* e

Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos

Central city|

* Austin

Lake Travis

Satellite cities|

* Cedar Park
* Georgetown
* Pflugerville
* Round Rock
* San Marcos

Other
communities|

* Bastrop
* Buda
* Burnet
* Elgin
* Hudson Bend
* Hutto
* Jollyville
* Kyle
* Lago Vista
* Leander
* Lakeway
* Lockhart
* Lost Creek
* Luling
* Manor
* Marble Falls
* Taylor
* Smithville
* Wells Branch
* West Lake Hills
* Wimberley
* Windemere
* Wyldwood

Counties|

| MSA/CSA|

* Bastrop
* Burnet
* Caldwell
* Hays
* Travis
* Williamson

|

Outlying|

* Blanco
* Burleson
* Colorado
* Fayette
* Gillespie
* Lee
* Llano
* Milam
* Washington

Parks and
preserves|

* Balcones Canyonlands
* Bastrop
* Emma Long
* Enchanted Rock
* Hippie Hollow
* Indiangrass
* Longhorn Cavern
* McKinney Falls
* Mount Bonnell
* Onion Creek
* Pedernales Falls
* John Stokes
* Wild Basin
* Zilker

Geography|

* Austin Chalk
* Balcones Fault
* Edwards Aquifer
* Edwards Plateau
* Highland Lakes
* Hill Country
* Llano Uplift

Bodies of
water|

* Barton Creek
* Barton Springs
* Colorado River
* Granger Lake
* Lady Bird Lake
* Lake Austin
* Lake Georgetown
* Lake Marble Falls
* Lake Travis
* Lake Walter E. Long
* Pedernales River
* San Gabriel River
* San Marcos River

Transportation|

* Capital Area Rural Transportation System

* v
* t
* e

Public art in Austin, Texas

Works|

* Circle with Towers
* Clock Knot
* The Family Group
* Larry Monroe Forever Bridge
* Littlefield Fountain
* Monochrome for Austin
* The Seven Mustangs
* Square Tilt
* Statue of Albert Sidney Johnston
* Texas State Cemetery
* University of Texas at Austin
* Statue of Barbara Jordan
* Austin–Bergstrom International Airport
* University of Texas at Austin
* Statue of Cesar Chavez
* Statue of George Washington
* Statue of Jefferson Davis
* Statue of Jim Hogg
* Statue of John Henninger Reagan
* Statue of Martin Luther King Jr.
* Statue of Robert E. Lee
* Statue of Woodrow Wilson
* Stevie Ray Vaughan Memorial
* The Torchbearers
* Willie Nelson statue

| Texas State Capitol|

* The Battle of San Jacinto
* Confederate Soldiers Monument
* Dawn at the Alamo
* Disabled American Veterans of Texas Monument
* Goddess of Liberty
* Heroes of the Alamo Monument
* Hood's Texas Brigade Monument
* Korean War Veterans Memorial
* Pearl Harbor Monument
* Statue of Sam Houston
* Statue of Stephen F. Austin
* Strengthen the Arm of Liberty Monument
* Surrender of Santa Anna
* Tejano Monument
* Ten Commandments Monument
* Terry's Texas Rangers Monument
* Texas African American History Memorial
* Texas Capitol Vietnam Veterans Monument
* Texas Cowboy Monument
* Texas Peace Officers' Memorial
* Texas Pioneer Woman Monument
* Texas World War II Memorial
* The Hiker
* Tribute to Texas Children Monument
* Veterans of the 36th Infantry, Texas National Guard Monument
* Volunteer Firemen Monument
* World War I Monument

|

* v
* t
* e

Republic of Texas

Capitals|

* Harrisburg
* Washington-on-the-Brazos
* Galveston
* Velasco
* Columbia
* Houston
* Austin

Seal of the Republic of Texas

Presidents|

* David G. Burnet
* Sam Houston
* Mirabeau Lamar
* Anson Jones

Vice Presidents|

* Lorenzo de Zavala
* Mirabeau Lamar
* David G. Burnet
* Edward Burleson
* Kenneth Lewis Anderson

Documents|

* Texas Declaration of Independence
* Constitution of the Republic of Texas
* Texas Archive War

Colonization|

* Henri Castro
* Fisher–Miller Land Grant

Presidential elections|

* 1836
* 1838
* 1841
* 1844

* v
* t
* e

State of Texas

Austin (capital)

Topics|

* Outline
* Architecture
* Climate (Climate change)
* Cuisine
* Geography
* Government
* Healthcare
* History
* Languages
* Law
* Literature
* Mass media
* Newspapers
* Radio
* TV
* National Historic Landmarks
* National Register of Historic Places Sites
* Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks
* Sports
* Symbols
* Texans
* Time
* Tourist attractions
* Transportation

Society|

* Culture
* Crime
* Demographics
* Economy
* Education
* Gambling
* Politics

Regions|

* Ark‑La‑Tex
* Big Bend
* Boca Chica
* Blackland Prairies
* Brazos Valley
* Central Texas
* Coastal Bend
* Concho Valley
* Cross Timbers
* East Texas
* Edwards Plateau
* Golden Triangle
* Hill Country
* Llano Estacado
* Northeast Texas
* North Texas
* Osage Plains
* Panhandle
* Permian Basin
* Piney Woods
* Rio Grande Valley
* Southeast Texas
* South Plains
* South Texas
* Texoma
* Trans-Pecos
* West Texas

Metropolitan
areas|

* Abilene
* Amarillo
* Austin–Round Rock (Greater Austin)
* Beaumont–Port Arthur
* Brownsville–Harlingen
* College Station–Bryan
* Corpus Christi
* Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington (DFW)
* El Paso
* Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land (Greater Houston)
* Killeen–Temple
* Laredo
* Longview
* Lubbock
* McAllen–Edinburg–Mission
* Midland
* Odessa
* San Angelo
* San Antonio–New Braunfels
* Sherman–Denison
* Texarkana
* Tyler
* Victoria
* Waco
* Wichita Falls

Counties|

See: List of counties in Texas

Other articles related to Austin

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and communities of Travis County, Texas, United States

County seat: Austin

Cities|

* Austin‡
* Bee Cave
* Cedar Park‡
* Creedmoor
* Elgin‡
* Jonestown
* Lago Vista
* Lakeway
* Leander‡
* Manor
* Mustang Ridge‡
* Pflugerville‡
* Rollingwood
* Round Rock‡
* Sunset Valley
* West Lake Hills

Travis County map

Villages|

* Briarcliff
* Point Venture
* San Leanna
* The Hills
* Volente
* Webberville

CDPs|

* Barton Creek
* Garfield
* Hornsby Bend
* Hudson Bend
* Jollyville‡ (former)
* Lost Creek
* Manchaca
* Shady Hollow
* Steiner Ranch
* Tanglewood Forest (former)
* Wells Branch
* Windemere (former)

Other
communities|

* Bluff Springs
* Cele
* Del Valle
* Elroy
* Kimbro
* Littig
* Lund
* Marshall Ford
* McNeil
* Nameless
* New Sweden
* Pilot Knob

Footnotes|

‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

* United States portal

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and communities of Hays County, Texas, United States

County seat: San Marcos

Cities|

* Austin‡
* Buda
* Dripping Springs
* Hays
* Kyle
* Mountain City
* Niederwald‡
* San Marcos‡
* Uhland‡
* Wimberley
* Woodcreek

Hays County map

Village|

* Bear Creek

CDPs|

* Belterra
* Driftwood

Ghost town|

* Goforth

Footnotes|

‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

* United States portal

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and communities of Williamson County, Texas, United States

County seat: Georgetown

Cities|

* Austin‡
* Bartlett‡
* Cedar Park‡
* Coupland
* Florence
* Georgetown
* Granger
* Hutto
* Jarrell
* Leander‡
* Liberty Hill
* Pflugerville‡
* Round Rock‡
* Taylor
* Thorndale‡
* Thrall
* Weir

Williamson County map

CDPs|

* Brushy Creek
* Jollyville‡ (former)
* Santa Rita Ranch
* Serenada
* Sonterra

Other
communities|

* Hare
* Jonah
* Macedonia
* Norman's Crossing
* Rice's Crossing
* Schwertner
* Walburg
* Waterloo

Ghost town|

* Palm Valley

Footnotes|

‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

* United States portal

* v
* t
* e

Capitals of the United States by jurisdiction

Nation:

* US Washington, D.C.

States:

* AL Montgomery
* AK Juneau
* AZ Phoenix
* AR Little Rock
* CA Sacramento
* CO Denver
* CT Hartford
* DE Dover
* FL Tallahassee
* GA Atlanta
* HI Honolulu
* ID Boise
* IL Springfield
* IN Indianapolis
* IA Des Moines
* KS Topeka
* KY Frankfort
* LA Baton Rouge
* ME Augusta
* MD Annapolis
* MA Boston
* MI Lansing
* MN Saint Paul
* MS Jackson
* MO Jefferson City
* MT Helena
* NE Lincoln
* NV Carson City
* NH Concord
* NJ Trenton
* NM Santa Fe
* NY Albany
* NC Raleigh
* ND Bismarck
* OH Columbus
* OK Oklahoma City
* OR Salem
* PA Harrisburg
* RI Providence
* SC Columbia
* SD Pierre
* TN Nashville
* TX Austin
* UT Salt Lake City
* VT Montpelier
* VA Richmond
* WA Olympia
* WV Charleston
* WI Madison
* WY Cheyenne

Territories:

* AS Pago Pago
* GU Hagåtña
* MP Saipan
* PR San Juan
* VI Charlotte Amalie

* v
* t
* e

County seats of Texas

* Abilene
* Albany
* Alice
* Alpine
* Amarillo
* Anahuac
* Anderson
* Andrews
* Angleton
* Anson
* Archer City
* Aspermont
* Athens
* Austin

* Baird
* Ballinger
* Bandera
* Bastrop
* Bay City
* Beaumont
* Beeville
* Bellville
* Belton
* Benjamin
* Big Lake
* Big Spring
* Boerne
* Bonham
* Boston
* Brackettville
* Brady
* Breckenridge
* Brenham
* Brownfield
* Brownsville
* Brownwood
* Bryan
* Burnet

* Caldwell
* Cameron
* Canadian
* Canton
* Canyon
* Carrizo Springs
* Carthage
* Center
* Centerville
* Channing
* Childress
* Clarendon
* Clarksville
* Claude
* Cleburne
* Coldspring
* Coleman
* Colorado City
* Columbus
* Comanche
* Conroe
* Cooper
* Corpus Christi
* Corsicana
* Cotulla
* Crane
* Crockett
* Crosbyton
* Crowell
* Crystal City
* Cuero

* Daingerfield
* Dalhart
* Dallas
* Decatur
* Del Rio
* Denton
* Dickens
* Dimmitt
* Dumas

* Eagle Pass
* Eastland
* Edinburg
* Edna
* El Paso
* Eldorado
* Emory

* Fairfield
* Falfurrias
* Farwell
* Floresville
* Floydada
* Fort Davis
* Fort Stockton
* Fort Worth
* Franklin
* Fredericksburg

* Gail
* Gainesville
* Galveston
* Garden City
* Gatesville
* George West
* Georgetown
* Giddings
* Gilmer
* Glen Rose
* Goldthwaite
* Goliad
* Gonzales
* Graham
* Granbury
* Greenville
* Groesbeck
* Groveton
* Guthrie

* Hallettsville
* Hamilton
* Haskell
* Hebbronville
* Hemphill
* Hempstead
* Henderson
* Henrietta
* Hereford
* Hillsboro
* Hondo
* Houston
* Huntsville

* Jacksboro
* Jasper
* Jayton
* Jefferson
* Johnson City
* Jourdanton
* Junction

* Karnes City
* Kaufman
* Kermit
* Kerrville
* Kingsville
* Kountze

* La Grange
* Lamesa
* Lampasas
* Laredo
* Leakey
* Levelland
* Liberty
* Linden
* Lipscomb
* Littlefield
* Livingston
* Llano
* Lockhart
* Longview
* Lubbock
* Lufkin

* Madisonville
* Marfa
* Marlin
* Marshall
* Mason
* Matador
* McKinney
* Memphis
* Menard
* Mentone
* Meridian
* Mertzon
* Miami
* Midland
* Monahans
* Montague
* Morton
* Mount Pleasant
* Mount Vernon
* Muleshoe

* Nacogdoches
* New Braunfels
* Newton

* Odessa
* Orange
* Ozona

* Paducah
* Paint Rock
* Palestine
* Palo Pinto
* Pampa
* Panhandle
* Paris
* Pearsall
* Pecos
* Perryton
* Pittsburg
* Plains
* Plainview
* Port Lavaca
* Post

* Quanah
* Quitman

* Rankin
* Raymondville
* Refugio
* Richmond
* Rio Grande City
* Robert Lee
* Roby
* Rockport
* Rocksprings
* Rockwall
* Rusk

* San Angelo
* San Antonio
* San Augustine
* San Diego
* San Marcos
* San Saba
* Sanderson
* Sarita
* Seguin
* Seminole
* Seymour
* Sherman
* Sierra Blanca
* Silverton
* Sinton
* Snyder
* Sonora
* Spearman
* Stanton
* Stephenville
* Sterling City
* Stinnett
* Stratford
* Sulphur Springs
* Sweetwater

* Tahoka
* Throckmorton
* Tilden
* Tulia
* Tyler

* Uvalde

* Van Horn
* Vega
* Vernon
* Victoria

* Waco
* Waxahachie
* Weatherford
* Wellington
* Wharton
* Wheeler
* Wichita Falls
* Woodville

* Zapata

* v
* t
* e

Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in Texas

1. Sylvester Turner (D)
(Houston)
2. Ron Nirenberg (I)
(San Antonio)
3. Eric Johnson (D)
(Dallas)
4. Steve Adler (D)
(Austin)
5. Mattie Parker (R)
(Fort Worth)
6. Oscar Leeser (D)
(El Paso)
7. Jim Ross (I)
(Arlington)
8. Paulette Guajardo (I)
(Corpus Christi)
9. John Muns (R)
(Plano)
10. Tray Payne (R)
(Lubbock)
11. Pete Saenz (D)
(Laredo)
12. Rick Stopfer (R)
(Irving)
13. Scott LeMay (R)
(Garland)
14. Jeff Cheney (R)
(Frisco)
15. George Fuller (R)
(McKinney)
16. Ginger Nelson (R)
(Amarillo)
17. Ron Jensen (R)
(Grand Prairie)
18. Juan "Trey" Mendez III (D)
(Brownsville)
19. Debbie Nash-King (D)
(Killeen)
20. Jeff Wagner (R)
(Pasadena)
21. Gerard Hudspeth (R)
(Denton)
22. Daniel Alemán Jr. (R)
(Mesquite)
23. Javier Villalobos (R)
(McAllen)
24. Dillon Meek (R)
(Waco)
25. Steve Babick (R)
(Carrollton)
26. Patrick Payton (R)
(Midland)
27. Kevin Cole (R)
(Pearland)
28. Anthony Williams (R)
(Abilene)
29. Craig Morgan (R)
(Round Rock)
30. Karl Mooney (R)
(College Station)
31. Paul Voelker (R)
(Richardson)
32. Pat Hallisey (R)
(League City)
33. TJ Gilmore (R)
(Lewisville)
34. Robin Mouton (D)
(Beaumont)
35. Javier Joven (R)
(Odessa)
36. Joe R. Zimmerman (R)
(Sugar Land)
37. Don Warren (R)
(Tyler)
38. Ken Fulk (R)
(Allen)
39. Stephen Santellana (R)
(Wichita Falls)
40. Ramiro Garza Jr. (D)
(Edinburg)

* v
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* e

The 100 most populous cities of the United States

|  |

1. New York, New York
2. Los Angeles, California
3. Chicago, Illinois
4. Houston, Texas
5. Phoenix, Arizona
6. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
7. San Antonio, Texas
8. San Diego, California
9. Dallas, Texas
10. San Jose, California
11. Austin, Texas
12. Jacksonville, Florida
13. Fort Worth, Texas
14. Columbus, Ohio
15. Indianapolis, Indiana
16. Charlotte, North Carolina
17. San Francisco, California
18. Seattle, Washington
19. Denver, Colorado
20. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
21. Nashville, Tennessee
22. El Paso, Texas
23. Washington, D.C.
24. Boston, Massachusetts
25. Las Vegas, Nevada

26. Portland, Oregon
27. Detroit, Michigan
28. Louisville, Kentucky
29. Memphis, Tennessee
30. Baltimore, Maryland
31. Milwaukee, Wisconsin
32. Albuquerque, New Mexico
33. Fresno, California
34. Tucson, Arizona
35. Sacramento, California
36. Mesa, Arizona
37. Kansas City, Missouri
38. Atlanta, Georgia
39. Omaha, Nebraska
40. Colorado Springs, Colorado
41. Raleigh, North Carolina
42. Virginia Beach, Virginia
43. Long Beach, California
44. Miami, Florida
45. Oakland, California
46. Minneapolis, Minnesota
47. Tulsa, Oklahoma
48. Bakersfield, California
49. Wichita, Kansas
50. Arlington, Texas

51. Aurora, Colorado
52. Tampa, Florida
53. New Orleans, Louisiana
54. Cleveland, Ohio
55. Anaheim, California
56. Honolulu, Hawaii
57. Henderson, Nevada
58. Stockton, California
59. Lexington, Kentucky
60. Corpus Christi, Texas
61. Riverside, California
62. Santa Ana, California
63. Orlando, Florida
64. Irvine, California
65. Cincinnati, Ohio
66. Newark, New Jersey
67. Saint Paul, Minnesota
68. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
69. Greensboro, North Carolina
70. St. Louis, Missouri
71. Lincoln, Nebraska
72. Plano, Texas
73. Anchorage, Alaska
74. Durham, North Carolina
75. Jersey City, New Jersey

76. Chandler, Arizona
77. Chula Vista, California
78. Buffalo, New York
79. North Las Vegas, Nevada
80. Gilbert, Arizona
81. Madison, Wisconsin
82. Reno, Nevada
83. Toledo, Ohio
84. Fort Wayne, Indiana
85. Lubbock, Texas
86. St. Petersburg, Florida
87. Laredo, Texas
88. Irving, Texas
89. Chesapeake, Virginia
90. Winston-Salem, North Carolina
91. Glendale, Arizona
92. Scottsdale, Arizona
93. Garland, Texas
94. Boise, Idaho
95. Norfolk, Virginia
96. Spokane, Washington
97. Fremont, California
98. Richmond, Virginia
99. Santa Clarita, California
100. San Bernardino, California

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Cities ranked by United States Census Bureau population estimates for July 1, 2021.
*[Pop.]: Population
*[%±]: Percent change
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template