Bill Gates

American business magnate and philanthropist (born 1955)

This article is about the co-founder of Microsoft. For other people of the same name, see Bill Gates (disambiguation).

Bill Gates

File:Bill Gates 2017 (cropped).jpg

Gates in 2017

Born|

William Henry Gates III

(1955-10-28) October 28, 1955 (age 70)

Seattle, Washington, U.S.

Education| Harvard University (dropped out)
Occupations|

* Software developer
* investor
* entrepreneur

Years active| 1972–present
Known for| Co-founder of Microsoft and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Title|

* Co-chairperson of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
* Chairman and founder of Branded Entertainment Network
* Chairman and founder of Cascade Investment
* Chairman and co-founder of TerraPower
* Founder of Breakthrough Energy
* Technology advisor of Microsoft[1]

Board member of| Berkshire Hathaway
Microsoft (former, both)
Spouse|

Melinda French Gates

(m. 1994; div. 2021)​

Children| 3
Parents|

* Bill Gates Sr. (father)
* Mary Maxwell (mother)

Awards|

* Presidential Medal of Freedom (2016)
* Hilal-e-Pakistan (2022)

Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (2005)
Website| www.gatesnotes.com
Signature
File:Bill Gates signature.svg
| File:Bill Gates June 2015.jpg | This article is part of
a series about
Bill Gates

|

* Awards and honors
* Philanthropy
* Political positions
* Public image
* Residence

* * *

Companies

* Traf-O-Data
* Microsoft
* BEN
* Cascade Investment
* TerraPower
* bgC3

* * *

Charitable organizations

* Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
* Match for Africa
* The Giving Pledge
* OER Project
* Breakthrough Energy
* Mission Innovation

* * *

Writings

* "An Open Letter to Hobbyists"
* The Road Ahead
* Business @ the Speed of Thought
* How to Avoid a Climate Disaster
* How to Prevent the Next Pandemic

* * *

Related

* Bill Gates' flower fly
* Codex Leicester
* Lost on the Grand Banks
* History of Microsoft
* Timeline of Microsoft

* * *

* v
* t
* e

William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, software developer, investor, author, and philanthropist. He is a co-founder of Microsoft, along with his late childhood friend Paul Allen.[2][3] During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), president and chief software architect, while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014.[4] He was a major entrepreneur of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.

Gates was born and raised in Seattle, Washington. In 1975, he and Allen founded Microsoft in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It became the world's largest personal computer software company.[5][a] Gates led the company as chairman and CEO until stepping down as CEO in January 2000, succeeded by Steve Ballmer, but he remained chairman of the board of directors and became chief software architect.[8] During the late 1990s, he was criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive. This opinion has been upheld by numerous court rulings.[9] In June 2008, Gates transitioned to a part-time role at Microsoft and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the private charitable foundation he and his then-wife, Melinda Gates, established in 2000.[10] He stepped down as chairman of the board of Microsoft in February 2014 and assumed a new post as technology adviser to support the newly appointed CEO Satya Nadella.[11] In March 2020, Gates left his board positions at Microsoft and Berkshire Hathaway to focus on his philanthropic efforts on climate change, global health and development, and education.[12]

Since 1987, Gates has been included in the Forbes list of the world's wealthiest people.[13][14] From 1995 to 2017, he held the Forbes title of the richest person in the world every year except from 2010 to 2013.[15] In October 2017, he was surpassed by Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos, who had an estimated net worth of US$90.6 billion compared to Gates's net worth of US$89.9 billion at the time.[16] As of October 2022, Gates had an estimated net worth of US$107 billion, making him the fifth-richest person in the world.[17]

Later in his career and since leaving day-to-day operations at Microsoft in 2008, Gates has pursued many business and philanthropic endeavors. He is the founder and chairman of several companies, including BEN, Cascade Investment, bgC3, and TerraPower. He has given sizable amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, reported to be the world's largest private charity.[18] Through the foundation, he led an early 21st century vaccination campaign that significantly contributed to the eradication of the wild poliovirus in Africa.[19][20] In 2010, Gates and Warren Buffett founded The Giving Pledge, whereby they and other billionaires pledge to give at least half of their wealth to philanthropy.[21]

## Contents

* 1 Early life
* 2 Microsoft
* 2.1 BASIC
* 2.2 IBM partnership
* 2.3 Windows
* 2.4 Management style
* 2.5 Antitrust litigation
* 3 Post-Microsoft
* 3.1 Business ventures and investments (partial list)
* 4 Climate change and energy
* 5 Political positions
* 5.1 Regulation of the software industry
* 5.2 Donald Trump Facebook ban
* 5.3 Patents for COVID-19 vaccines
* 5.4 Cryptocurrencies
* 6 Philanthropy
* 6.1 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
* 6.2 Personal donations
* 6.3 Charity sports events
* 7 Books
* 8 Personal life
* 8.1 Marriage and divorce
* 8.2 Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein
* 8.3 Public image
* 8.4 Religion
* 8.5 Wealth tallies
* 9 Recognition
* 10 Depiction in media
* 10.1 Documentary films about Gates
* 10.2 Feature films
* 10.3 Video and film clips
* 10.4 Radio
* 10.5 Television
* 10.6 Conspiracy theories
* 11 See also
* 12 Notes
* 13 References
* 13.1 Bibliography
* 13.2 Primary sources
* 14 Further reading
* 15 External links

## Early life[edit | edit source]

Bill Gates was born in Seattle, Washington on October 28, 1955.[3] He is the son of William H. Gates Sr.[b] (1925–2020) and Mary Maxwell Gates (1929–1994).[22] His ancestry includes English, German, and Irish/Scots-Irish.[23] His father was a prominent lawyer, and his mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way of America. Gates's maternal grandfather was J. W. Maxwell, a national bank president. Gates has an older sister Kristi (Kristianne) and a younger sister Libby. He is the fourth of his name in his family but is known as William Gates III or "Trey" (i.e., three) because his father had the "II" suffix.[24][25] The family lived in the Sand Point area of Seattle in a home that was damaged by a rare tornado when Gates was seven years old.[26]

Early in his life, Gates observed that his parents wanted him to pursue a law career.[27] When he was young, his family regularly attended a church of the Congregational Christian Churches, a Protestant Reformed denomination.[28][29][30] Gates was small for his age and was bullied as a child.[25] The family encouraged competition; one visitor reported that "it didn't matter whether it was hearts or pickleball or swimming to the dock; there was always a reward for winning and there was always a penalty for losing".[31]

File:Paul Allen and Bill Gates at Lakeside School in 1970.jpg

Gates (right), with Paul Allen, seated at Teletype Model 33 ASR terminals, Lakeside School, 1970

At 13, he enrolled in the private Lakeside prep school,[32][33] where he wrote his first software program.[34] When he was in the eighth grade, the Mothers' Club at the school used proceeds from Lakeside School's rummage sale to buy a Teletype Model 33 ASR terminal and a block of computer time on a General Electric (GE) computer for the students.[35] Gates took an interest in programming the GE system in BASIC, and he was excused from math classes to pursue his interest. He wrote his first computer program on this machine, an implementation of tic-tac-toe that allowed users to play games against the computer. Gates was fascinated by the machine and how it would always execute software code perfectly.[36] After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted, Gates and other students sought time on systems including DEC PDP minicomputers. One of these systems was a PDP-10 belonging to Computer Center Corporation (CCC) which banned Gates, Paul Allen, Ric Weiland, and Gates's best friend and first business partner Kent Evans, for the summer after it caught them exploiting bugs in the operating system to obtain free computer time.[37][25]

The four students formed the Lakeside Programmers Club to make money.[25] At the end of the ban, they offered to find bugs in CCC's software in exchange for extra computer time. Rather than using the system remotely via Teletype, Gates went to CCC's offices and studied source code for various programs that ran on the system, including Fortran, Lisp, and machine language. The arrangement with CCC continued until 1970 when the company went out of business.

The following year, a Lakeside teacher enlisted Gates and Evans to automate the school's class-scheduling system, providing them computer time and royalties in return. The duo worked diligently in order to have the program ready for their senior year. Towards the end of their junior year, Evans was killed in a mountain climbing accident, which Gates has described as one of the saddest days of his life. Gates then turned to Allen who helped him finish the system for Lakeside.[25]

At 17, Gates formed a venture with Allen called Traf-O-Data to make traffic counters based on the Intel 8008 processor.[38] In 1972, he served as a congressional page in the House of Representatives.[39][40] He was a National Merit Scholar when he graduated from Lakeside School in 1973.[41] He scored 1590 out of 1600 on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT) and enrolled at Harvard College in the autumn of 1973.[42][43] He chose a pre-law major but took mathematics (including Math 55) and graduate level computer science courses.[44] While at Harvard, he met fellow student Steve Ballmer. Gates left Harvard after two years while Ballmer stayed and graduated magna cum laude. Years later, Ballmer succeeded Gates as Microsoft's CEO and maintained that position from 2000 until his resignation in 2014.[45][46]

Gates devised an algorithm for pancake sorting as a solution to one of a series of unsolved problems[47] presented in a combinatorics class by professor Harry Lewis. His solution held the record as the fastest version for over 30 years, and its successor is faster by only 2%.[47][48] His solution was formalized and published in collaboration with Harvard computer scientist Christos Papadimitriou.[49]

Gates remained in contact with Paul Allen and joined him at Honeywell during the summer of 1974.[50] In 1975, the MITS Altair 8800 was released based on the Intel 8080 CPU, and Gates and Allen saw the opportunity to start their own computer software company.[51] Gates dropped out of Harvard that same year. His parents were supportive of him after seeing how much he wanted to start his own company.[52] He explained his decision to leave Harvard: "if things hadn't worked out, I could always go back to school. I was officially on leave."[53]

## Microsoft[edit | edit source]

Main articles: History of Microsoft and Microsoft § History

### BASIC[edit | edit source]

File:Altair 8800 Computer.jpg

MITS Altair 8800 Computer with 8-inch (200 mm) floppy disk system, of which the first programming language for the machine was Microsoft's founding product, the Altair BASIC

Gates read the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics which demonstrated the Altair 8800, and he contacted Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) to inform them that he and others were working on a BASIC interpreter for the platform.[54] In reality, Gates and Allen did not have an Altair and had not written code for it; they merely wanted to gauge MITS's interest. MITS president Ed Roberts agreed to meet them for a demonstration, and over the course of a few weeks they developed an Altair emulator that ran on a minicomputer, and then the BASIC interpreter. The demonstration was held at MITS's offices in Albuquerque, New Mexico; it was a success and resulted in a deal with MITS to distribute the interpreter as Altair BASIC. MITS hired Allen,[55] and Gates took a leave of absence from Harvard to work with him at MITS in November 1975. Allen named their partnership "Micro-Soft", a combination of "microcomputer" and "software", and their first office was in Albuquerque. The first employee Gates and Allen hired was their high school collaborator Ric Weiland.[55] They dropped the hyphen within a year and officially registered the trade name "Microsoft" with the Secretary of the State of New Mexico on November 26, 1976.[55] Gates never returned to Harvard to complete his studies.

Microsoft's Altair BASIC was popular with computer hobbyists, but Gates discovered that a pre-market copy had leaked out and was being widely copied and distributed. In February 1976, he wrote an Open Letter to Hobbyists in the MITS newsletter in which he asserted that more than 90% of the users of Microsoft Altair BASIC had not paid Microsoft for it and the Altair "hobby market" was in danger of eliminating the incentive for any professional developers to produce, distribute, and maintain high-quality software.[56] This letter was unpopular with many computer hobbyists, but Gates persisted in his belief that software developers should be able to demand payment. Microsoft became independent of MITS in late 1976, and it continued to develop programming language software for various systems.[55] The company moved from Albuquerque to Bellevue, Washington on January 1, 1979.[54]

Gates said he personally reviewed and often rewrote every line of code that the company produced in its first five years. As the company grew, he transitioned into a manager role, then an executive.[57]

DONKEY.BAS, is a computer game written in 1981 and included with early versions of the PC DOS operating system distributed with the original IBM PC. It is a driving game in which the player must avoid hitting donkeys. The game was written by Gates and Neil Konzen.[58][59]

### IBM partnership[edit | edit source]

IBM, the leading supplier of computer equipment to commercial enterprises at the time, approached Microsoft in July 1980 concerning software for its upcoming personal computer, the IBM PC,[60] after Bill Gates's mother, Mary Maxwell Gates, mentioned Microsoft to John Opel, IBM's CEO.[61] IBM first proposed that Microsoft write the BASIC interpreter. IBM's representatives also mentioned that they needed an operating system, and Gates referred them to Digital Research (DRI), makers of the widely used CP/M operating system.[62] IBM's discussions with Digital Research went poorly, however, and they did not reach a licensing agreement. IBM representative Jack Sams mentioned the licensing difficulties during a subsequent meeting with Gates and asked if Microsoft could provide an operating system. A few weeks later, Gates and Allen proposed using 86-DOS, an operating system similar to CP/M, that Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer Products (SCP) had made for hardware similar to the PC.[63] Microsoft made a deal with SCP to be the exclusive licensing agent of 86-DOS, and later the full owner. Microsoft employed Paterson to adapt the operating system for the PC[64] and delivered it to IBM as PC DOS for a one-time fee of $50,000.[65]

The contract itself only earned Microsoft a relatively small fee. It was the prestige brought to Microsoft by IBM's adoption of their operating system that would be the origin of Microsoft's transformation from a small business to the leading software company in the world. Gates had not offered to transfer the copyright on the operating system to IBM because he believed that other personal computer makers would clone IBM's PC hardware.[65] They did, making the IBM-compatible PC, running DOS, a de facto standard. The sales of MS-DOS (the version of DOS sold to customers other than IBM) made Microsoft a major player in the industry.[66] The press quickly identified Microsoft as being very influential on the IBM PC. PC Magazine asked if Gates was "the man behind the machine?".[60]

Gates oversaw Microsoft's company restructuring on June 25, 1981, which re-incorporated the company in Washington state and made Gates the president and chairman of the board, with Paul Allen as vice president and vice chairman. In early 1983, Allen left the company after receiving a Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis, effectively ending the formal business partnership between Gates and Allen, which had been strained months prior due to a contentious dispute over Microsoft equity.[54][67] Later in the decade, Gates repaired his relationship with Allen and together the two donated millions to their childhood school Lakeside.[25] They remained friends until Allen's death in October 2018.[68]

### Windows[edit | edit source]

Microsoft and Gates launched their first retail version of Microsoft Windows on November 20, 1985, in an attempt to fend off competition from Apple's Macintosh GUI, which had captivated consumers with its simplicity and ease of use.[69] In August of the following year, the company struck a deal with IBM to develop a separate operating system called OS/2. Although the two companies successfully developed the first version of the new system, the partnership deteriorated due to mounting creative differences.[70] The operating system grew out of DOS in an organic fashion over a decade until Windows 95, which hid the DOS prompt by default. Windows XP, released one year after Gates stepped down as Microsoft CEO, was the first to not be based on DOS.[71] Windows 8.1 was the last version of the OS released before Gates left the chair of the firm to John W. Thompson on February 5, 2014.[72]

### Management style[edit | edit source]

File:Bill Gates - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2008.jpg

Gates delivers a speech at the World Economic Forum in Switzerland, January 2008

Gates had primary responsibility for Microsoft's product strategy from the company's founding from 1975 until 2006. He gained a reputation for being distant from others; an industry executive complained in 1981 that "Gates is notorious for not being reachable by phone and for not returning phone calls."[73] An Atari executive recalled that he showed Gates a game and defeated him 35 of 37 times. When they met again a month later, Gates "won or tied every game. He had studied the game until he solved it. That is a competitor".[74]

In the early 1980s, while business partner Paul Allen was undergoing treatments for cancer, Gates — according to Allen — conspired to reduce Allen's share in Microsoft by issuing himself stock options.[75][76][77] In his autobiography, Allen would later recall that Gates was "scheming to rip me off. It was mercenary opportunism plain and simple".[75] Gates says he remembers the episode differently.[76] Allen would also recall that Gates was prone to shouting episodes.[77]

Gates met regularly with Microsoft's senior managers and program managers, and the managers described him as being verbally combative. He also berated them for perceived holes in their business strategies or proposals that placed the company's long-term interests at risk.[78][79] He interrupted presentations with such comments as "that's the stupidest thing I've ever heard"[80] and "why don't you just give up your options and join the Peace Corps?"[81] The target of his outburst would then have to defend the proposal in detail until Gates was fully convinced.[80] When subordinates appeared to be procrastinating, he was known to remark sarcastically, "I'll do it over the weekend."[82][83][84] Gates has been accused of bullying Microsoft employees.[85]

During Microsoft's early years, Gates was an active software developer, particularly in the company's programming language products, but his primary role in most of the company's history was as a manager and executive. He has not officially been on a development team since working on the TRS-80 Model 100,[86] but he wrote code that shipped with the company's products as late as 1989.[83] Jerry Pournelle wrote in 1985 when Gates announced Microsoft Excel: "Bill Gates likes the program, not because it's going to make him a lot of money (although I'm sure it will do that), but because it's a neat hack."[87]

On June 15, 2006, Gates announced that he would transition out of his role at Microsoft to dedicate more time to philanthropy. He gradually divided his responsibilities between two successors when he placed Ray Ozzie in charge of management and Craig Mundie in charge of long-term product strategy.[88] The process took two years to fully transfer his duties to Ozzie and Mundie, and was completed on June 27, 2008.[89]

### Antitrust litigation[edit | edit source]

Further information: United States Microsoft antitrust case and European Union Microsoft competition case

File:US v. Microsoft Bill Gates Color.png

Gates giving his deposition at Microsoft on August 27, 1998

Gates approved of many decisions that led to antitrust litigation over Microsoft's business practices. In the 1998 United States v. Microsoft case, Gates gave deposition testimony that several journalists characterized as evasive. He argued with examiner David Boies over the contextual meaning of words such as "compete", "concerned", and "we". Later in the year, when portions of the videotaped deposition were played back in court, the judge was seen laughing and shaking his head.[90] BusinessWeek reported:

> Early rounds of his deposition show him offering obfuscatory answers and saying "I don't recall" so many times that even the presiding judge had to chuckle. Worse, many of the technology chief's denials and pleas of ignorance were directly refuted by prosecutors with snippets of e-mail that Gates both sent and received.[91]

Gates later said that he had simply resisted attempts by Boies to mischaracterize his words and actions. "Did I fence with Boies? ... I plead guilty ... rudeness to Boies in the first degree."[92] Despite Gates's denials, the judge ruled that Microsoft had committed monopolization, tying and blocking competition, each in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act.[92]

## Post-Microsoft[edit | edit source]

Since leaving day-to-day operations at Microsoft, Gates has continued his philanthropy and works on other projects.

According to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, Gates was the world's highest-earning billionaire in 2013, as his net worth increased by US$15.8 billion to US$78.5 billion. As of January 2014[update], most of Gates's assets are held in Cascade Investment LLC, an entity through which he owns stakes in numerous businesses, including Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, and Corbis Corp.[93] On February 4, 2014, Gates stepped down as chairman of Microsoft to become "technology advisor" at the firm, alongside CEO Satya Nadella.[11][94]

Gates provided his perspective on a range of issues in a substantial interview that was published in the March 27, 2014, issue of Rolling Stone magazine. In the interview, Gates provided his perspective on climate change, his charitable activities, various tech companies and people involved in them, and the state of America. In response to a question about his greatest fear when he looks 50 years into the future, Gates stated: "there'll be some really bad things that'll happen in the next 50 or 100 years, but hopefully none of them on the scale of, say, a million people that you didn't expect to die from a pandemic, or nuclear or bioterrorism." Gates also identified innovation as the "real driver of progress" and pronounced that "America's way better today than it's ever been."[95]

Gates has expressed concern about the potential harms of superintelligence; in a Reddit "ask me anything", he stated that:

> First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent. That should be positive if we manage it well. A few decades after that though the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern. I agree with Elon Musk and some others on this and don't understand why some people are not concerned.[96][97][98][99]

In an interview that was held at the TED conference in March 2015, with Baidu's CEO, Robin Li, Gates said he would "highly recommend" Nick Bostrom's recent work, Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies.[100] During the conference, Gates warned that the world was not prepared for the next pandemic, a situation that would come to pass in late 2019 when the COVID-19 pandemic began.[101] In March 2018, Gates met at his home in Seattle with Mohammed bin Salman, the reformist crown prince and de facto ruler of Saudi Arabia to discuss investment opportunities for Saudi Vision 2030.[102][103] In June 2019, Gates admitted that losing the mobile operating system race to Android was his biggest mistake. He stated that it was within their skill set of being the dominant player, but partially blames the antitrust litigation during the time.[104] That same year, Gates became an advisory board member of the Bloomberg New Economy Forum.[105]

On March 13, 2020, Microsoft announced Gates would be leaving his board positions at Berkshire Hathaway and Microsoft to dedicate his efforts in philanthropic endeavors such as climate change, global health and development, and education.[12]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Gates has widely been looked at by media outlets as an expert on the issue, despite him not being a public official or having any prior medical training.[106] His foundation did, however, establish the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator in 2020 to hasten the development and evaluation of new and repurposed drugs and biologics to treat patients for COVID-19,[107] and, as of February 2021, Gates expressed that he and Anthony Fauci frequently talk and collaborate on matters including vaccines and other medical innovations to fight the pandemic.[108]

### Business ventures and investments (partial list)[edit | edit source]

Gates has a multi-billion dollar investment portfolio with stake in various sectors[109] and has participated in several entrepreneurial ventures beyond Microsoft, including:

* AutoNation, automotive retailer that Gates has a 16% stake in trading on the NYSE.[citation needed]
* bgC3 LLC, a think-tank and research company founded by Gates.[110]
* Canadian National Railway (CN), a Canadian Class I freight railway. As of 2019, Gates is the largest single shareholder of CN stock.[111]
* Cascade Investment LLC, a private investment and holding company incorporated in the United States, founded and controlled by Gates and headquartered in Kirkland, Washington.[112]
* Gates is the top private owner of farmland in the United States with landholdings owned via Cascade Investment totalling 242,000 acres across 19 states.[113][114] He is the 49th largest private owner of land in the US.[115]
* Carbon Engineering, a for-profit venture founded by David Keith, which Gates helped fund.[116][117][118] It's is also supported by Chevron Corporation and Occidental Petroleum.[119]
* SCoPEx, Keith's academic venture in "sun-dimming" geoengineering, which Gates provided most of the $12 million for.[120]
* Corbis (originally named Interactive Home Systems and now known as Branded Entertainment Network), a digital image licensing and rights services company founded and chaired by Gates.[121]
* EarthNow, Seattle-based startup company aiming to blanket the Earth with live satellite video coverage. Gates is a large financial backer.[122]
* Eclipse Aviation, a defunct manufacturer of very light jets. Gates was a major stake-holder early on in the project.[citation needed]
* Impossible Foods, a company that develops plant-based substitutes for meat products. Some of the $396 million Patrick O. Brown collected for his business came from Gates around 2014 to 2017.[123][124][125]
* Ecolab, global provider of water, hygiene and energy technologies and services to the food, energy, healthcare, industrial and hospitality markets. Combined with the shares owned by the Foundation, Gates owns 11.6% of the company. A shareholder agreement in 2012 allowed him to own up to 25% of the company, but this agreement was removed.[126]
* ResearchGate, a social networking site for scientists. Gates participated in a $35 million round of financing along with other investors.[127]
* TerraPower, a nuclear reactor design company co-founded and chaired by Gates, which is developing next generation traveling-wave reactor nuclear power plants in an effort to tackle climate change.[128][129][130][131][132]
* Breakthrough Energy Ventures, a closed fund for wealthy individuals who seek ROI on a 20-year horizon (see next section), which "is funding green start-ups and a host of other low-carbon entrepreneurial projects, including everything from advanced nuclear technology to synthetic breast milk." It was founded by Gates in 2015.[133]
* Ginkgo Bioworks, a biotech startup that received $350 million in venture funding in 2019, in part from Gates's investment firm Cascade Investment.[134]
* Luminous Computing, a company that develops neuromorphic photonic integrated circuits for AI acceleration.
* Mologic, British diagnostic technology company that Gates purchased, along with the Soros Economic Development Fund, "which has developed 10-minute Covid lateral flow tests that it aims to make for as little as $1."[135]

## Climate change and energy[edit | edit source]

File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting with Mr. Bill Gates, in Glasgow, Scotland on November 02, 2021 (2).jpg

Gates and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow in November 2021

Gates considers climate change and global access to energy to be critical, interrelated issues. He has urged governments and the private sector to invest in research and development to make clean, reliable energy cheaper. Gates envisions that a breakthrough innovation in sustainable energy technology could drive down both greenhouse gas emissions and poverty, and bring economic benefits by stabilizing energy prices.[136] In 2011, he said: "If you gave me the choice between picking the next 10 presidents or ensuring that energy is environmentally friendly and a quarter as costly, I'd pick the energy thing."[137]

In 2015, he wrote about the challenge of transitioning the world's energy system from one based primarily on fossil fuels to one based on sustainable energy sources. Global energy transitions have historically taken decades. He wrote, "I believe we can make this transition faster, both because the pace of innovation is accelerating, and because we have never had such an urgent reason to move from one source of energy to another."[138] This rapid transition, according to Gates, would depend on increased government funding for basic research and financially risky private-sector investment, to enable innovation in diverse areas such as nuclear energy, grid energy storage to facilitate greater use of solar and wind energy, and solar fuels.[139]

File:Ursula von der Leyen attends the 2021 UN Climate Change Conference (41).jpg

The European Commission, European Investment Bank and Gates' Breakthrough Energy Catalyst agreed at the 2021 UN Climate Change conference to work together to bring green technologies to market.

Gates spearheaded two initiatives that he announced at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris. One was Mission Innovation, in which 20 national governments pledged to double their spending on research and development for carbon-free energy in over five years' time.[136] Another initiative was Breakthrough Energy, a group of investors who agreed to fund high-risk startups in clean energy technologies. Gates, who had already invested $1 billion of his own money in innovative energy startups, committed a further $1 billion to Breakthrough Energy.[139] In December 2020, he called for the U.S. federal government to create institutes for clean energy research, analogous to the National Institutes of Health.[140] Gates has also urged rich nations to shift to 100% synthetic beef industries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from food production.[141]

Gates has been criticised for holding a large stake in Signature Aviation, a company that services emissions-intensive private jets.[142] In 2019, he began to divest from fossil fuels. He does not expect divestment itself to have much practical impact, but says that if his efforts to provide alternatives were to fail, he would not want to personally benefit from an increase in fossil fuel stock prices.[143] After he published his book How to Avoid a Climate Disaster, parts of the climate activist community criticized Gate's approach as technological solutionism.[144]

In June 2021, Gates's company TerraPower and Warren Buffett's PacifiCorp announced the first sodium nuclear reactor in Wyoming. Wyoming Governor Mike Gordon hailed the project as a step toward carbon-negative nuclear power. Wyoming Senator John Barrasso also said that it could boost the state's once-active uranium mining industry.[145]

Gates spent many efforts to make pass the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 because of his importance to climate. He tried to convince Joe Manchin to support a climate bill from the year 2019 and especially in the months before the adoption of the bill. The bill should cut the global greenhouse gas emissions in a level similar to "eliminating the annual planet-warming pollution of France and Germany combined" and may help to limit the warming of the planet to 1.5 degrees - the target of the Paris Agreement.[146] He thanked both Joe Manchin and Chuck Schumer for their efforts in a guest essay in The New York Times, where he said "Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 may be the single most important piece of climate legislation in American history" given its potential to spur development of new technologies. [147]

## Political positions[edit | edit source]

### Regulation of the software industry[edit | edit source]

See also: Bill Gates § Antitrust litigation, and United States v. Microsoft Corp.

In 1998, Gates rejected the need for regulation of the software industry in testimony before the United States Senate.[148] During the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) investigation of Microsoft in the 1990s, Gates was reportedly upset at Commissioner Dennis Yao for "float[ing] a line of hypothetical questions suggesting possible curbs on Microsoft's growing monopoly power". According to one source:

> Gates was vexed. "He started by calling Yao's ideas socialistic," recalls a source familiar with the July 15 meeting, "and as he got angrier and angrier and louder and louder, he got into calling them Communistic.[149]

### Donald Trump Facebook ban[edit | edit source]

On February 18, 2021, after Facebook and Twitter had banned Donald Trump from their platforms as a result of the 2020 United States presidential election which led to the January 6th US Capitol protests, Gates said a permanent ban of Trump "would be a shame" and would be an "extreme measure". He warned that it would cause "polarization" if users with different political views divide up among various social networks, and said: "I don't think banning somebody who actually did get a fair number of votes (in the presidential election) – well less than a majority – but I don't think having him off forever would be that good."[148]

### Patents for COVID-19 vaccines[edit | edit source]

Main article: Waiver from certain provisions of the TRIPS Agreement for the Prevention, Containment and Treatment of COVID-19

In April 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Gates was criticized for suggesting that pharmaceutical companies should hold onto patents for COVID-19 vaccines. The criticism came due to the possibility of this preventing poorer nations from obtaining adequate vaccines. Tara Van Ho of the University of Essex stated, "Gates speaks as if all the lives being lost in India are inevitable but eventually the West will help when in reality the US & UK are holding their feet on the neck of developing states by refusing to break [intellectual property rights] protections. It's disgusting."[150]

Bill Gates is opposed to the TRIPS waiver.[151][152][153] Bloomberg News reported him as saying he argued that Oxford University should not give away the rights to its COVID-19 information, as it had announced, but instead sell it to a single industry partner, as it did.[154] His views on the value of legal monopolies in medicine have been linked to his views on legal monopolies in software.[152][153]

### Cryptocurrencies[edit | edit source]

Bill Gates is critical of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. According to Gates, cryptocurrencies provide no "valuable output", contribute nothing to society, and pose a danger especially for smaller investors who couldn't survive the potentially high losses. Gates also doesn't own any cryptocurrencies himself.[155]

## Philanthropy[edit | edit source]

### Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation[edit | edit source]

Main article: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

File:Millennium Development Goals - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2008.jpg

Gates with Bono, Queen Rania of Jordan, former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, President Umaru Yar'Adua of Nigeria and others during the Annual Meeting 2008 of the World Economic Forum

Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, and donated some of his Microsoft stock in 1994 to create the "William H. Gates Foundation". In 2000, Gates and his wife combined three family foundations and Gates donated stock valued at $5 billion to create the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which was identified by the Funds for NGOs company in 2013, as the world's wealthiest charitable foundation, with assets reportedly valued at more than $34.6 billion.[156][157] The foundation allows benefactors to access information that shows how its money is being spent, unlike other major charitable organizations such as the Wellcome Trust.[158][159] Gates, through his foundation, also donated $20 million to Carnegie Mellon University for a new building to be named Gates Center for Computer Science which opened in 2009.[160][161]

Gates has credited the generosity and extensive philanthropy of David Rockefeller as a major influence. Gates and his father met with Rockefeller several times, and their charity work is partly modeled on the Rockefeller family's philanthropic focus, whereby they are interested in tackling the global problems that are ignored by governments and other organizations.[162] As of 2007[update], Bill and Melinda Gates were the second-most generous philanthropists in America, having given over $28 billion to charity;[163] the couple plan to eventually donate 95% of their wealth to charity.[164]

The foundation is organized into five program areas: Global Development Division, Global Health Division, United States Division, and Global Policy & Advocacy Division. Among others, it supports a wide range of public health projects, granting aid to fight transmissible diseases such AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, as well as widespread vaccine programs to eradicate polio. It grants funds to learning institutes and libraries and supports scholarships at universities. The foundation established a water, sanitation and hygiene program to provide sustainable sanitation services in poor countries.[165] Its agriculture division supports the International Rice Research Institute in developing Golden Rice, a genetically modified rice variant used to combat vitamin A deficiency.[166] The goal of the foundation is to provide 120 million women and girls, in the poorest countries, with high-quality contraceptive information and services, with the longer-term goal of universal access to voluntary family planning.[167] In 2007, the Los Angeles Times criticized the foundation for investing its assets in companies that have been accused of worsening poverty, pollution and pharmaceutical firms that do not sell to developing countries.[168] Although the foundation announced a review of its investments to assess social responsibility,[169] it was subsequently canceled and upheld its policy of investing for maximum return, while using voting rights to influence company practices.[170]

File:Bill Gates at Singapore FinTech Festival 2020.jpg

Gates in a fireside chat moderated by Shereen Bhan virtually at the Singapore FinTech Festival 2020

Gates delivered his thoughts in a fireside chat moderated by journalist and news anchor Shereen Bhan virtually at the Singapore FinTech Festival on December 8, 2020, on the topic, "Building Infrastructure for Resilience: What the COVID-19 Response Can Teach Us About How to Scale Financial Inclusion".[171]

> Governments are there to think ahead to bad things that might happen. In the case of (the Covid-19) pandemic, not enough was done. We can't forget that another pandemic will come and we'll need to invest in being ready in that, ... while not forgetting that we were not prepared and we're going to have to invest – just like having a fire department – some money in an intelligent way and actually simulate what might happen and make sure that we're ready for it.[171]

Gates favours the normalization of COVID-19 masks. In a November 2020 interview, he said: "What are these, like, nudists? I mean, you know, we ask you to wear pants, and no American says, or very few Americans say, that that's, like, some terrible thing."[172]

### Personal donations[edit | edit source]

Melinda Gates suggested that people should emulate the philanthropic efforts of the Salwen family, who sold their home and gave away half of its value, as detailed in their book, The Power of Half.[173] Gates and his wife invited Joan Salwen to Seattle to speak about what the family had done, and on December 9, 2010, Bill and Melinda Gates and investor Warren Buffett each signed a commitment they called the "Giving Pledge", which is a commitment by all three to donate at least half of their wealth, over the course of time, to charity.[174][175][176]

Gates has also provided personal donations to educational institutions. In 1999, Gates donated $20 million to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the construction of a computer laboratory named the "William H. Gates Building" that was designed by architect Frank Gehry. While Microsoft had previously given financial support to the institution, this was the first personal donation received from Gates.[177]

The Maxwell Dworkin Laboratory of the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences is named after the mothers of both Gates and Microsoft President Steven A. Ballmer, both of whom were students (Ballmer was a member of the school's graduating class of 1977, while Gates left his studies for Microsoft), and donated funds for the laboratory's construction.[178] Gates also donated $6 million to the construction of the Gates Computer Science Building, completed in January 1996, on the campus of Stanford University. The building contains the Computer Science Department and the Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) of Stanford's Engineering department.[179]

Since 2005, Gates and his foundation have taken an interest in solving global sanitation problems. For example, they announced the "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge", which has received considerable media interest.[180] To raise awareness for the topic of sanitation and possible solutions, Gates drank water that was "produced from human feces" in 2014 – it was produced from a sewage sludge treatment process called the Omni Processor.[181][182] In early 2015, he also appeared with Jimmy Fallon on The Tonight Show and challenged him to see if he could taste the difference between this reclaimed water or bottled water.[183]

In November 2017, Gates said he would give $50 million to the Dementia Discovery Fund, a venture capital fund that seeks treatment for Alzheimer's disease. He also pledged an additional $50 million to start-up ventures working in Alzheimer's research.[184] Bill and Melinda Gates have said that they intend to leave their three children $10 million each as their inheritance. With only $30 million kept in the family, they are expected to give away about 99.96% of their wealth.[185] On August 25, 2018, Gates distributed $600,000 through his foundation via UNICEF which is helping flood affected victims in Kerala, India.[186]

In June 2018, Bill Gates offered free ebooks, to all new graduates of U.S. colleges and universities,[187] and in 2021, offered free ebooks, to all college and university students around the world.[188][189] The Bill And Melinda Gates Foundation partially funds OpenStax, which creates and provides free digital textbooks.[190]

### Charity sports events[edit | edit source]

On April 29, 2017, Gates partnered with Swiss tennis legend Roger Federer in playing in the Match for Africa 4, a noncompetitive tennis match at a sold-out Key Arena in Seattle. The event was in support of the Roger Federer Foundation's charity efforts in Africa.[191] Federer and Gates played against John Isner, the top-ranked American player for much of this decade, and Mike McCready, the lead guitarist for Pearl Jam. The pair won the match 6 games to 4. Overall, they raised $2 million for children in Africa.[192] The following year, Gates and Federer returned to play in the Match for Africa 5 on March 5, 2018, at San Jose's SAP Center. Their opponents were Jack Sock, one of the top American players and a grand slam winner in doubles, and Savannah Guthrie, a co-anchor for NBC's Today show. Gates and Federer recorded their second match victory together by a score of 6–3 and the event raised over $2.5 million.[193]

## Books[edit | edit source]

Gates has written four books:

* The Road Ahead, written with Microsoft executive Nathan Myhrvold and journalist Peter Rinearson, was published in November 1995. It summarized the implications of the personal computing revolution and described a future profoundly changed by the arrival of a global information superhighway.
* Business @ the Speed of Thought was published in 1999, and discusses how business and technology are integrated, and shows how digital infrastructures and information networks can help to get an edge on the competition.
* How to Avoid a Climate Disaster (February 2021) presents what Gates learned in over a decade of studying climate change and investing in innovations to address climate problems.[194]
* How to Prevent the Next Pandemic (April 2022) details the COVID-19 pandemic and proposes a "Global Epidemic Response and Mobilization" (GERM) team with annual funding of $1 billion,[195] under the auspices of the WHO.[196]

## Personal life[edit | edit source]

Gates is an avid reader,[197] and the ceiling of his large home library is engraved with a quotation from The Great Gatsby.[198] He also enjoys bridge, tennis and golf.[199][200] His days are planned for him on a minute-by-minute basis, similarly to the U.S. president's schedule.[201] Despite his wealth and extensive business travel, Gates flew coach (economy class) in commercial aircraft until 1997, when he bought a private jet.[202]

Gates purchased the Codex Leicester, a collection of scientific writings by Leonardo da Vinci, for US$30.8 million at an auction in 1994.[203] In 1998, he reportedly paid $30 million for the original 1885 maritime painting Lost on the Grand Banks, at the time a record price for an American painting.[204]

In 2016, he revealed that he was color-blind.[205]

On May 10, 2022, Gates said that he tested positive for COVID-19 and was experiencing mild symptoms.[206] Gates has received three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine.[206]

### Marriage and divorce[edit | edit source]

File:Bill og Melinda Gates 2009-06-03 (bilde 01).JPG

Gates and Melinda, 2009

Gates married Melinda French on the Hawaiian Island of Lanai on January 1, 1994.[207] They met in 1987 after Melinda began working at Microsoft.[208] At the time of their marriage, Gates was given permission by Melinda to spend limited time with his ex-girlfriend, businesswoman Ann Winblad.[209] Bill and Melinda have three children: Jennifer, Rory and Phoebe.[210] The family's residence is an earth-sheltered mansion in the side of a hill overlooking Lake Washington in Medina, Washington. In 2009, property taxes on the mansion were reported to be US$1.063 million, on a total assessed value of US$147.5 million.[211] The 66,000-square-foot (6,100 m2) estate has a 60-foot (18 m) swimming pool with an underwater music system, as well as a 2,500-square-foot (230 m2) gym and a 1,000-square-foot (93 m2) dining room.[212] On May 3, 2021, the Gateses announced they had decided to divorce after 27 years of marriage and 34 years as a couple.[213] They said they would keep working together on charitable efforts.[213][214] The Wall Street Journal reported that Melinda had been meeting with divorce attorneys since 2019, citing interviews that suggested Bill's ties with Jeffrey Epstein was at least one of her concerns.[215] The divorce was finalized on August 2, 2021.[216]

### Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein[edit | edit source]

A 2019 New York Times article reported that Gates's relationship with financier Jeffrey Epstein started in 2011, just a few years after Epstein's conviction for procuring a child for prostitution, and continued for some years, including a visit to Epstein's house with Melinda in the fall of 2013, despite her declared discomfort.[217] Gates said in 2011 about Epstein: "His lifestyle is very different and kind of intriguing although it would not work for me".[218]

The depth of the friendship between Gates and Epstein is unclear. Gates generally commented about his relationship with Epstein that "I met him. I didn't have any business relationship or friendship with him".[219] However, Gates visited Epstein "many times, despite [Epstein's] past".[217]

It was reported that Epstein and Gates "discussed the Gates Foundation and philanthropy".[217] However, in an interview in 2019 Gates completely denied any connection between Epstein and the Gates Foundation or his philanthropy generally.[219] In August 2021, Gates said the reason he had meetings with Epstein was because Gates hoped Epstein could provide money for philanthropic work, though nothing came of the idea. Gates added, "It was a huge mistake to spend time with him, to give him the credibility of being there."[85]

It has also been reported that Epstein and Gates met with Nobel Committee chair Thorbjørn Jagland at his residence in Strasbourg, France in March 2013 to discuss the Nobel Prize.[220] Also in attendance were representatives of the International Peace Institute which has received millions in grants from the Gates Foundation, including a $2.5 million "community engagement" grant in October 2013.[221]

### Public image[edit | edit source]

File:170217-D-GO396-0147 (32577063650).jpg

Gates meets with U.S. Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis, February 2017.

Gates's public image has changed over the years. At first he was perceived as a brilliant but ruthless "robber baron", a "nerd-turned-tycoon".[222] Starting in 2000 with the foundation of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and particularly after he stepped down as head of Microsoft, he turned his attention to philanthropy, spending more than $50 billion on causes like health, poverty, and education. His image morphed from "tyrannical technocrat to saintly savior" to a "huggable billionaire techno-philanthropist", celebrated on magazine covers and sought after for his opinions on major issues like global health and climate change.[222] Still another shift in public opinion came in 2021 with the announcement that he and Melinda were divorcing. Coverage of that proceeding brought out information about romantic pursuits of women who worked for him, a long-term extra-marital affair, and a friendship with convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.[218] This information and his response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in some deterioration of his public image, going from "a lovable nerd who was out to save the world" to "a tech supervillain who wants to protect profits over public health."[223]

Investigative journalist Tim Schwab has accused Gates of using his contributions to the media to shape their coverage of him in order to protect his public image.[106][224] In September 2022, Politico published an expose' critical of NGO leadership at the helm of the world-wide COVID-19 pandemic response, written in cooperation with the German newspaper Welt. Criticisms included the interconnectivity of the non-profits with Bill Gates, as well as his personal lack of formal credentials in medicine.[225]

### Religion[edit | edit source]

In an interview with Rolling Stone, Gates said in regard to his faith: "The moral systems of religion, I think, are super important. We've raised our kids in a religious way; they've gone to the Catholic church that Melinda goes to and I participate in. I've been very lucky, and therefore I owe it to try and reduce the inequity in the world. And that's kind of a religious belief. I mean, it's at least a moral belief."[226] In the same 2014 interview he also said: "I agree with people like Richard Dawkins that mankind felt the need for creation myths. Before we really began to understand disease and the weather and things like that, we sought false explanations for them. Now science has filled in some of the realm – not all – that religion used to fill. But the mystery and the beauty of the world is overwhelmingly amazing, and there's no scientific explanation of how it came about. To say that it was generated by random numbers, that does seem, you know, sort of an uncharitable view [laughs]. I think it makes sense to believe in God, but exactly what decision in your life you make differently because of it, I don't know."[226]

### Wealth tallies[edit | edit source]

In 1999, his wealth briefly surpassed US$101 billion.[227][202] Since 2000, the nominal value of his Microsoft holdings has declined due to a fall in Microsoft's stock price after the dot-com bubble burst and the multi-billion dollar donations he has made to his charitable foundations. In May 2006, Gates remarked that he wished that he were not the richest man in the world because he disliked the attention it brought.[228] In March 2010, Gates was the second wealthiest person after Carlos Slim, but regained the top position in 2013, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires List.[229][230] Slim retook the position again in June 2014[231][232] (but then lost the top position back to Gates). Between 2009 and 2014, his wealth doubled from US$40 billion to more than US$82 billion.[233] In October 2017, Gates was surpassed by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos as the richest person in the world.[16] On November 15, 2019, he once again became the richest person in the world after a 48% increase in Microsoft shares, surpassing Bezos.[234] Gates told the BBC, "I've paid more tax than any individual ever, and gladly so ... I've paid over $6 billion in taxes."[235] He is a proponent of higher taxes, particularly for the rich.[236]

By 2017, Gates had held the top spot on the list of The World's Billionaires for 18 out of the previous 23 years.[237] Gates has several investments outside Microsoft, which in 2006 paid him a salary of US$616,667 and US$350,000 bonus totalling US$966,667.[238] In 1989, he founded Corbis, a digital imaging company. In 2004, he became a director of Berkshire Hathaway, the investment company headed by long-time friend Warren Buffett.[239]

In 1987, Gates was listed as a billionaire in Forbes magazine's 400 Richest People in America issue, worth $1.25 billion at the time, and was the world's youngest self-made billionaire.[14] Since 1987, Gates has been included in the Forbes The World's Billionaires list and was the wealthiest person from 1995 to 1996,[240] 1998 to 2007, 2009, and held the spot until 2018 before being overtaken by Jeff Bezos.[15] Gates was number one on the Forbes 400 list from 1993 through to 2007, 2009, and 2014 through 2017.[241][242]

## Recognition[edit | edit source]

File:President Obama Awards the Presidential Medal of Freedom.webm

Bill and Melinda Gates being awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama in 2016

* Time magazine named Gates one of the 100 people who most influenced the 20th century, as well as one of the 100 most influential people of 2004, 2005, and 2006.[243]
* Time also collectively named Gates, his wife Melinda and U2's lead singer Bono as the 2005 Persons of the Year for their humanitarian efforts.[244] In 2006, he was voted eighth in the list of "Heroes of our time".[245]
* Gates was listed in the London Sunday Times power list in 1999, named CEO of the year by Chief Executive Officers magazine in 1994, ranked number one in the "Top 50 Cyber Elite" by Time in 1998, ranked number two in the Upside Elite 100 in 1999, and was included in The Guardian as one of the "Top 100 influential people in media" in 2001.[246]
* Gates was elected Member of the US National Academy of Engineering in 1996 "for contributions to the founding and development of personal computing".[247]
* He was named Honorary Member of the American Library Association in 1998.[248]
* He was elected a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2017.[249]
* According to Forbes, Gates was ranked as the fourth most powerful person in the world in 2012,[250] up from fifth in 2011.[251]
* In 1994, he was honored as the 20th Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society (DFBCS). In 1999, Gates received New York Institute of Technology's President's Medal.[252]
* Gates has received honorary doctorates from Nyenrode Business Universiteit (1996),[253] KTH Royal Institute of Technology (2002),[254] Waseda University (2005),[255] Tsinghua University (2007),[256] Harvard University (2007),[257] the Karolinska Institute (2007),[258] and Cambridge University (2009).[259]
* He was also made an honorary trustee of Peking University in 2007.[260]
* Gates was made an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) by Queen Elizabeth II in 2005.[261]
* In January 2006, he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry by the President of Portugal Jorge Sampaio
* In November 2006, he was awarded the Placard of the Order of the Aztec Eagle, together with his wife Melinda who was awarded the Insignia of the same order, both for their philanthropic work around the world in the areas of health and education, particularly in Mexico, and specifically in the program "Un país de lectores".[262]
* Gates received the 2010 Bower Award for Business Leadership from The Franklin Institute for his achievements at Microsoft and his philanthropic work.[263]
* Also in 2010, he was honored with the Silver Buffalo Award by the Boy Scouts of America, its highest award for adults, for his service to youth.[264]
* In 2002, Bill and Melinda Gates received the Jefferson Award for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged.[265]
* He was given the 2006 James C. Morgan Global Humanitarian Award from the Tech Awards.[266]
* In 2015, Gates and his wife Melinda received the Padma Bhushan, India's third-highest civilian award for their social work in the country.[267][268]
* In 2016, Barack Obama honored Bill and Melinda Gates with the Presidential Medal of Freedom for their philanthropic efforts.[269]
* In 2017, François Hollande awarded Bill and Melinda Gates with France's highest national order, as Commanders in the Legion of Honour, for their charity efforts.[270]
* Entomologists named Bill Gates' flower fly, Eristalis gatesi, in his honor in 1997.[271]
* In 2020, Bill Gates received the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun for his contributions to Japan and the world in regards to worldwide technological transformation and advancement of global health.[272]
* In 2021, Bill Gates was nominated at the 11th annual Streamy Awards for the crossover for his personal YouTube channel.[273]
* In 2022, Bill Gates received the Hilal-e-Pakistan Second-highest civilian award for their social work in the country.

## Depiction in media[edit | edit source]

### Documentary films about Gates[edit | edit source]

External video

File:Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg The Machine That Changed The World; Interview with Bill Gates, 1990 (raw video), 44:03, Open Vault WGBH[274]

* The Machine That Changed the World (1990)
* Triumph of the Nerds (1996)
* Nerds 2.0.1 (1998)
* Waiting for "Superman" (2010)[275]
* The Virtual Revolution (2010)
* Inside Bill's Brain: Decoding Bill Gates (2019)

### Feature films[edit | edit source]

* 1999: Pirates of Silicon Valley, a film that chronicles the rise of Apple and Microsoft from the early 1970s to 1997. Gates is portrayed by Anthony Michael Hall.
* 2002: Nothing So Strange, a mockumentary featuring Gates as the subject of a modern assassination. Gates briefly appears at the start, played by Steve Sires.
* 2010: The Social Network, a film that chronicles the development of Facebook. Gates is portrayed by Steve Sires.[276]
* 2015: Steve Jobs vs. Bill Gates: The Competition to Control the Personal Computer, 1974–1999: Original film from the National Geographic Channel for the American Genius series.[277]

### Video and film clips[edit | edit source]

File:Steve Jobs and Bill Gates (522695099).jpg

Steve Jobs and Gates at D: All Things Digital in 2007

* 1983: Steve Jobs hosts Gates and others in the "Macintosh dating game" at the Macintosh pre-launch event (a parody of the television game show The Dating Game)[278]
* 1991: Gates spoke to the Berkeley Macintosh Users Group lively weekly Thursday night meeting with questions and answers in PSL Hall (renamed Pimentel Hall in 1994)[279] at University of California, Berkeley[280][281][282]
* 2007: Steve Jobs and Bill Gates Together at the D5 Conference on YouTube, All Things Digital
* 2009− : Gates has given numerous TED talks on current concerns such as innovation, education and fighting global diseases[283]

### Radio[edit | edit source]

Gates was the guest on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs on January 31, 2016, in which he talked about his relationships with his father and Steve Jobs, meeting Melinda Ann French, the start of Microsoft and some of his habits (for example reading The Economist "from cover to cover every week"). His choice of things to take on a desert island were, for music: "Blue Skies" by Willie Nelson; a book: The Better Angels of Our Nature by Steven Pinker; and luxury item: a DVD Collection of Lectures from The Teaching Company.[284]

### Television[edit | edit source]

Gates made a guest appearance as himself on the TV show The Big Bang Theory. The episode on which he appeared was appropriately titled "The Gates Excitation".[285] He also appeared in a cameo role in 2019 on the series finale of Silicon Valley.[286] Gates was parodied in The Simpsons episode "Das Bus".

### Conspiracy theories[edit | edit source]

Social media accounts, especially on Facebook, repeat many false conspiracy theories about Gates. According to BBC News and The New York Times, they mostly speculate about COVID-19, vaccines, microchips and global depopulation.[287][288]

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Big History Project
* List of richest Americans in history
* List of wealthiest historical figures

## Notes[edit | edit source]

1. ^ Gates regularly documents his share ownership through public U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Form 4 filings.[6][7]
2. ^ His father was named William H. Gates II, but he is now generally known as William H. Gates, Senior to avoid confusion with his son.

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ "Gates Steps Down from Microsoft Board but Stays as Advisor". Redmond. March 2020.
2. ^ Manes 1994, p. 11.
3. ^ a b "Bill Gates (American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist)". Archived from the original on March 28, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
4. ^ Foley, Mary Jo (August 15, 2017). "Bill Gates' stake in Microsoft is now just 1.3 percent". ZDNet. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
5. ^ Sheridan, Patrick (May 2, 2014). "Bill Gates no longer Microsoft's biggest shareholder". CNN Money. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
6. ^ MSFT (Holdings), NASDAQ, archived from the original on October 19, 2011, retrieved April 10, 2016
7. ^ MSFT (Symbol), NASDAQ, archived from the original on April 8, 2016, retrieved April 10, 2016
8. ^ Einstein, David (January 13, 2000). "Gates steps down as Microsoft CEO". Forbes. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
9. ^ Lesinski 2006, p. 96; Manes 1994, p. 459.
10. ^ "Microsoft Chairman Gates to leave day-to-day role". money.cnn.com. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
11. ^ a b "Bill Gates steps down as chairman, will assist new CEO as 'technology advisor'". The Verge. Archived from the original on February 4, 2014. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
12. ^ a b Haselton, Todd (March 13, 2020). "Bill Gates leaves Microsoft board". CNBC. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
13. ^ "Why Putin Isn't on 'Forbes' Billionaires List". Newsweek. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017.
14. ^ a b Thibault, Marie (January 19, 2010). "The Next Bill Gates". Forbes. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
15. ^ a b "Billionaires #2 Bill Gates". Forbes. March 5, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
16. ^ a b "Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos Is The Richest Person In The World-Again". Forbes. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018.
17. ^ "Bloomberg Billionaires Index: Bill Gates". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg. Retrieved October 3, 2022.
18. ^ Neate, Rupert (August 15, 2017). "Bill Gates gives $4.6bn to charity in biggest donation since 2000". The Guardian. London. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
19. ^ Barry, Michele; Oswald, Lucas Oliver (September 16, 2020). "How polio eradication in Africa can inform the global COVID-19 response". Scope. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
20. ^ Maclean, Ruth (August 24, 2020). "Africa Celebrates the End of the Wild Poliovirus (but Not the End of All Polio)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
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24. ^ Manes 1994, p. 15.
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26. ^ Lange, Greg; Stein, Alan (February 14, 1999). "Tornado with 100-m.p.h. winds hits Seattle and Juanita on September 28, 1962". HistoryLink. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
27. ^ Manes 1994, p. 47.
28. ^ Lesinski, Jeanne M (2008). Bill Gates: Entrepreneur and Philanthropist. Twenty First Century Books. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-58013-570-2. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
29. ^ Lowe, Janet (2001). Bill Gates Speaks: Insight from the World's Greatest Entrepreneur. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-40169-8. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
30. ^ Berkowitz, Edward D (2006). Something Happened: A Political and Cultural Overview of the Seventies. Columbia University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-231-12494-2. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
31. ^ Cringely, Robert X. (June 1996). "Part II". Triumph of the Nerds: The Rise of Accidental Empires. Season 1. PBS. Archived from the original on August 13, 2017.
32. ^ Manes 1994, p. 24.
33. ^ Soundaian, S. (June 10, 2019). New Dimensions of Management. MJP Publisher.
34. ^ "Bill Gates | American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
35. ^ Manes 1994, p. 27.
36. ^ Gates 1996, p. 12.
37. ^ Manes 1994, p. 34.
38. ^ Gates 1996, p. 14.
39. ^ Schuman, Michael A. (2008). Bill Gates: Computer Mogul and Philanthropist. Enslow Publishers, Inc. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-7660-2693-3.
40. ^ Sims, Marcie (2018). Capitol Hill Pages: Young Witnesses to 200 Years of History. McFarland. p. 196\. ISBN 978-1-4766-6972-4.
41. ^ "National Merit Scholarship Corporation – Scholars You May Know". nationalmerit.org. Archived from the original on February 28, 2016. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
42. ^ "The new – and improved? – SAT". The Week. Archived from the original on May 10, 2006. Retrieved May 23, 2006.
43. ^ Gates 1996, p. 15.
44. ^ "Timeline: Bill Gates: 1973; from google (bill gates major in harvard) result 3". NPR. Archived from the original on October 5, 2015.
45. ^ Hitt, Michael; Ireland, R. Duane; Hoskisson, Robert (2012). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases: Competitiveness and Globalization. p. 263\. ISBN 978-1-111-82587-4. Archived from the original on September 15, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
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239. ^ Fried, Ina (December 14, 2004). "Gates joins board of Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway". CNET. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2008.
240. ^ see Forbes World's Richest People 1996, 1997, and 1998
241. ^ Wahba, Phil (September 17, 2008). "Bill Gates tops US wealth list 15 years continuously". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved November 6, 2008.
242. ^ Kirsch, Noah. "Here's Why Jeff Bezos Is Not Truly The Richest Person In History". Forbes. Archived from the original on January 11, 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
243. ^ Grossman, Lev (April 18, 2005). "The 2005 Time 100". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
244. ^ Lesinski 2006, p. 102
245. ^ Cowley, Jason (June 22, 2006). "Heroes of our time – the top 50". New Statesman. UK. Archived from the original on December 31, 2007. Retrieved February 17, 2008.
246. ^ "Gates 'second only to Blair'". BBC News. September 26, 1999. Archived from the original on December 29, 2008. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
247. ^ "Mr. William H. Gates, III". National Academy of Engineering. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
248. ^ American Library Association. Honorary Membership.
249. ^ Xiang, Bo (November 27, 2017). "Bill Gates elected to Chinese Academy of Engineering". Xinhua. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
250. ^ "The World's Most Powerful People". Forbes. December 5, 2012. Archived from the original on December 30, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
251. ^ "The World's Most Powerful People". Forbes. November 2, 2011. Archived from the original on November 3, 2011. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
252. ^ "Bill Gates Speaks of Opportunities and Challenges Facing "Generation I"". News Center. Microsoft. October 28, 1999. Archived from the original on December 31, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
253. ^ "Gates krijgt eredoctoraat Nijenrode" (in Dutch). Computable. November 4, 1996. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
254. ^ "Honorary doctors at KTH". About KTH. Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on April 17, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
255. ^ History of the University – website of the Waseda University
256. ^ "Bill Gates Awarded Honorary Doctorate of Tsinghua". Tsinghua University. April 19, 2007. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
257. ^ Hughes, Gina (June 8, 2007). "Bill Gates Gets Degree After 30 Years". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on December 27, 2007. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
258. ^ "Karolinska Institutet Medicine hedersdoktorer 1910‐2013" [Honorary doctors of medicine at the Karolinska Institute 1910–2013] (PDF) (in Swedish). Karolinska Institutet. May 22, 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 1, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
259. ^ University of Cambridge (June 12, 2009). "The Chancellor in Cambridge to confer Honorary Degrees". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on August 17, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
260. ^ Blakely, Rhys (July 18, 2007). "Gates how piracy worked for me in China". The Times. London. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
261. ^ "Knighthood for Microsoft's Gates". BBC News. March 2, 2005. Archived from the original on March 9, 2008. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
262. ^ "Proclamation of the Award". Diario Oficial de la Federación. Archived from the original on March 6, 2008. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
263. ^ "Bower Award for Business Leadership". The Franklin Institute. 2010. Archived from the original on July 26, 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
264. ^ "2010 Silver Buffalo Recipients". Scouting. September–October 2010. p. 39.
265. ^ National Winners | public service awards Archived November 24, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Jefferson Awards.org. Retrieved on September 4, 2013.
266. ^ "The 2006 James C. Morgan Global Humanitarian Award". The Tech Museum of Innovation. Archived from the original on April 2, 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
267. ^ "Padma Awards – Press Information Board of India". Ministry of Home Affairs, India. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015.
268. ^ "Padma awards 2015 announced: Advani, Amitabh among 104 awardees". Zee News. January 25, 2015.
269. ^ "President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom". whitehouse.gov. November 16, 2016. Archived from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2016 - via National Archives.
270. ^ Ambassade de France aux Etats-Unis – Washington, D.C. (April 21, 2017). "Bill et Melinda Gates décorés de la Légion d'Honneur" [Bill and Melinda Gates awarded the Legion of Honor]. France in the United States / Embassy of France in Washington, D.C. (in French). Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
271. ^ Thompson, F. Christian (August 19, 1999). "Bill Gates' Flower Fly Eristalis gatesi Thompson". The Diptera Site. Archived from the original on February 12, 2008. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
272. ^ Mr. Bill Gates to receive 2020 Spring Decoration from the Government of Japan. Consulate-General of Japan in Seattle
273. ^ "Youtube Streamy Awards, Crossover". Retrieved December 15, 2021.
274. ^ "Machine That Changed The World, The; Interview with Bill Gates, 1990 (raw video)". WGBH Open Vault. 1990. Archived from the original on October 14, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
275. ^ "Bill Gates Goes to Sundance, Offers an Education". ABC News. January 23, 2010. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010.
276. ^ Cohen, Lindsay. "'Bogus Bill' has a blast playing billionaire in 'The Social Network'". KVAL 13. Archived from the original on July 30, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
277. ^ "American Genius". Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
278. ^ Moss, Caroline (November 24, 2013). "In 1983, Steve Jobs Hosted Apple's Version Of 'The Dating Game' And Bill Gates Was A Contestant". Business Insider. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
279. ^ "College of Chemistry Timeline". UC Berkeley. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
280. ^ Bernt Wahl (1991). Bill Gates at BMUG meeting 1991 (c) Bernt Wahl. PSL Hall, University of California, Berkeley: YouTube. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
281. ^ Bernt Wahl (1991). Bill Gates at BMUG. PSL Hall, University of California, Berkeley: YouTube. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
282. ^ Bernt Wahl (1991). Bill Gates at Berkeley Macintosh Users Group. PSL Hall, University of California, Berkeley: YouTube. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
283. ^ "Bill Gates' TED talks". TED.com. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
284. ^ "BBC Radio 4 – Desert Island Discs, Bill Gates". BBC. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
285. ^ Lerman, Rachel (March 27, 2018). "Bill Gates to guest star on geeky 'The Big Bang Theory'". The Seattle Times. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
286. ^ "'Big fan' Bill Gates makes appearance in 'Silicon Valley' series finale as HBO comedy logs off". December 9, 2019.
287. ^ See Jane Wakefield, "How Bill Gates became the voodoo doll of Covid conspiracies" BBC 6 June 2020
288. ^ Daisuke Wakabayashi, Davey Alba and Marc Tracy, "Bill Gates, at Odds With Trump on Virus, Becomes a Right-Wing Target: The Microsoft co-founder turned philanthropist has been attacked with falsehoods that he created the coronavirus and wants to profit from it" The New Yortk Times May 4, 2021

### Bibliography[edit | edit source]

* Fridson, Martin (2001). How to Be a Billionaire: Proven Strategies from the Titans of Wealth. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-41617-7.
* Gates, Bill (1996). The Road Ahead. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-026040-4.
* Lesinski, Jeanne M. (2006). Bill Gates (biography). A&E Television Networks. ISBN 0-8225-7027-0.
* Manes, Stephen (1994). Gates: How Microsoft's Mogul Reinvented an Industry and Made Himself the Richest Man in America. Touchstone Pictures. ISBN 0-671-88074-8.
* Wallace, James (1993). Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire. New York City: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-471-56886-4.

### Primary sources[edit | edit source]

* Gates, Bill. "An exclusive interview with Bill Gates". Financial Times 1 (2013). online
* Gates, Bill. "Remarks of Bill Gates, Harvard Commencement 2007". The Harvard Gazette 7 (2007). Online
* Kinsley, Michael, and Conor Clarke, Eds. Creative Capitalism: A Conversation With Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, and Other Economic Leaders (Simon and Schuster, 2009).

## Further reading[edit | edit source]

* Leibovich, Mark. The New Imperialists (Prentice Hall, 2002) pp 139–182. online
* Bank, David (2001). Breaking Windows: How Bill Gates Fumbled the Future of Microsoft. New York City: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-0315-1.
* Rivlin, Gary (1999). The Plot to Get Bill Gates: An Irreverent Investigation of the World's Richest Man... and the People Who Hate Him. New York City: Times Business. ISBN 0-8129-3006-1.
* "83 Reasons Why Bill Gates's Reign Is Over". Wired. Vol. 6, no. 12\. December 1998. Archived from the original on August 22, 2010.
* Kildall, Gary (October 25, 2004). "The Man Who Could Have Been Bill Gates". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on April 4, 2006. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
* "The Meaning of Bill Gates: As his reign at Microsoft comes to an end, so does the era he dominated", The Economist, June 28, 2008.
* Wallace, James. Overdrive: Bill Gates and the Race to Control Cyberspace (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997).

## External links[edit | edit source]

File:Wikidata-logo.svg

Wikidata has data related to Bill Gates.

* Official website
* Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
* Official YouTube channel
* Appearances on C-SPAN
* Bill Gates at IMDb
* {{TED speaker}} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.
* Forbes profile

* v
* t
* e

Bill Gates

Career|

* Microsoft
* history
* Paul Allen
* Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (CEPI)
* Corbis (BEN)
* Cascade Investment
* United States v. Microsoft antitrust case
* TerraPower
* bgC3
* Big History Project
* Breakthrough Energy

File:Bill Gates June 2015.jpg

Writings|

* "Open Letter to Hobbyists" (1976)
* The Road Ahead (1995)
* Business @ the Speed of Thought (1999)
* How to Avoid a Climate Disaster (2021)

Philanthropy|

* Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
* Match for Africa
* climate change
* donations and sporting events

Films|

* Triumph of the Nerds (1996)
* Pirates of Silicon Valley (1999)
* The Social Network (2010)
* Inside Bill's Brain: Decoding Bill Gates (2019)

Family|

* Melinda French Gates (ex-wife)
* Bill Gates Sr. (father)
* Mary Maxwell Gates (mother)
* Mimi Gardner Gates (stepmother)

Possessions|

* Codex Leicester
* Residence
* Lost on the Grand Banks
* Porsche 959

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

Microsoft

* History
* Outline

People|

| Founders|

* Bill Gates
* Paul Allen

|

Board of directors|

* John W. Thompson (Chairman)
* Satya Nadella (CEO)
* Charles Noski
* Helmut Panke
* John W. Stanton
* Reid Hoffman
* Sandi Peterson
* Penny Pritzker
* Charles Scharf
* Arne Sorenson
* Padmasree Warrior

Senior leadership team|

* Satya Nadella (CEO)
* Scott Guthrie
* Amy Hood (CFO)
* Brad Smith (CLO)
* Harry Shum
* Phil Spencer
* Kathleen Hogan (CPO)

Corporate VPs|

* Joe Belfiore
* Richard Rashid (SVP)
* César Cernuda
* Panos Panay (CVP)

Employee groups|

* Global LGBTQI+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft
* Microsoft and unions

Products|

| Hardware|

* Azure Kinect
* HoloLens
* LifeCam
* LifeChat
* Surface
* Hub
* Go
* Laptop
* Laptop Go
* Pro
* Studio
* Duo
* Neo
* Xbox

|

Software|

* Microsoft 365
* Dynamics
* Open source software
* Office
* Power Platform
* Servers
* Visual Studio
* Visual Studio Code
* Windows
* Xbox OS

Programming
languages|

* BASIC
* VB.NET
* VBA
* VBScript
* Visual Basic
* C#
* C/AL a.k.a Navision Attain
* F#
* MVPL
* Power Fx
* PowerShell
* Transact-SQL
* TypeScript
* Q#
* Visual J#
* Visual J++

Web properties|

* Azure
* Bing
* Docs
* Channel 9
* Developer Network
* TechNet
* GitHub
* LinkedIn
* LinkedIn Learning
* MSN
* Outlook.com
* Store
* Translator

Company|

| Conferences|

* Build
* Ignite
* Inspire
* MIX
* PDC
* WinHEC

|

Divisions|

* Engineering groups
* Mobile
* Skype unit
* Digital Crimes Unit
* Garage
* Press
* Research
* .NET Foundation
* Outercurve Foundation
* Xbox Game Studios

Estates|

* Microsoft Redmond campus
* Microsoft Egypt
* Microsoft India
* Microsoft Japan
* Microsoft Theater

Campaigns|

* Where do you want to go today? (1994)
* Champagne (2002)
* Mojave Experiment (2006)
* I'm a PC (2008)
* Scroogled (2012)

Criticism|

* Bundling of Microsoft Windows
* Clippy
* iLoo
* Internet Explorer
* Microsoft Bob
* _NSAKEY
* Windows
* XP
* Vista
* 10

Litigation|

* Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft
* Apple v. Microsoft
* European Union Microsoft competition case
* Microsoft v. Lindows
* Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft
* Microsoft v. Shah
* United States v. Microsoft (2001 antitrust case)
* Microsoft Ireland case

Acquisitions|

* 6Wunderkinder
* Access Software
* Acompli
* Altamira Software
* AltspaceVR
* aQuantive
* Azyxxi
* The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks
* Beam
* Bungie
* Calista Technologies
* Colloquis
* Compulsion Games
* Connectix
* Consumers Software
* Danger
* Double Fine Productions
* Farecast
* FASA Studio
* Fast Search & Transfer
* Firefly
* Forethought
* GIANT Company Software
* GitHub
* GreenButton
* Groove Networks
* High Heat Major League Baseball
* Hotmail
* inXile Entertainment
* Jellyfish.com
* LinkedIn
* LinkExchange
* Lionhead Studios
* Maluuba
* Massive Incorporated
* Metaswitch
* Mobile Data Labs
* Mojang Studios
* Ninja Theory
* Nokia Devices and Services
* npm
* Nuance Communications
* Obsidian Entertainment
* Onfolio
* Pando Networks
* Perceptive Pixel
* Playground Games
* PlaceWare
* Powerset
* Press Play
* ProClarity
* Rare
* Revolution Analytics
* RiskIQ
* ScreenTonic
* Secure Islands
* Simplygon
* Skype
* Sunrise Atelier
* SwiftKey
* Winternals Software
* Teleo
* Telekinesys Research
* Tellme Networks
* Twisted Pixel Games
* Undead Labs
* Vermeer Technologies
* Visio Corporation
* Vivaty
* VoloMetrix
* VXtreme
* WebTV Networks
* Xamarin
* Xandr
* AppNexus
* Yammer
* Yupi
* ZeniMax Media

* Category

Offices and distinctions

| Business positions

First |  Chief Executive Officer of Microsoft
1975–2000  | Succeeded by

Steve Ballmer

First |  Chairman of Microsoft
1975–2014  | Succeeded by

John W. Thompson

Honorary titles
Preceded by

Warren Buffett

|  World's richest person
1996  | Succeeded by

Hassanal Bolkiah

Preceded by

Hassanal Bolkiah

|  World's richest person
1998–2007  | Succeeded by

Warren Buffett

Preceded by

Warren Buffett

|  World's richest person
2009  | Succeeded by

Carlos Slim

Preceded by

Carlos Slim

|  World's richest person
2014–2017  | Succeeded by

Jeff Bezos

Articles related to Bill Gates

* v
* t
* e

Berkshire Hathaway

Board of
directors|

* Warren Buffett (Chairman and CEO)
* Charlie Munger
* Greg Abel
* Howard Graham Buffett
* Susan Decker
* David Gottesman
* Charlotte Guyman
* Ajit Jain
* Thomas Murphy
* Ronald Olson
* Walter Scott Jr.

File:Berkshire Hathaway.svg

Insurance|

* Alleghany Corporation
* Berkshire Hathaway Homestate Companies
* Kansas Bankers Surety Company
* Berkshire Hathaway Specialty Insurance
* BoatUS
* Central States Indemnity
* Gateway Underwriters Agency
* GEICO
* GEICO Marine Insurance Company
* Gen Re
* MedPro Group
* National Indemnity Company
* Berkshire Hathaway Assurance
* GUARD Insurance
* United States Liability Insurance Group

Materials and
construction|

* Acme Brick
* Benjamin Moore & Co.
* Charter Brokerage
* Clayton Homes
* International Metalworking Companies
* ISCAR Metalworking
* TaeguTec
* Tungaloy
* Johns Manville
* Lubrizol
* Marmon
* Marmon-Herrington
* Procor
* Union Tank Car Company
* MiTek
* Precision Castparts Corp.
* Carlton Forge Works
* Special Metals
* Timet
* Wyman-Gordon
* Shaw Industries
* TTI
* Mouser Electronics

Furniture|

* CORT Business Services
* Jordan's Furniture
* Larson-Juhl
* Nebraska Furniture Mart
* RC Willey Home Furnishings
* Star Furniture

Clothing|

| Apparel|

* Fruit of the Loom
* AAI
* BVD
* Dudley Softball
* Jerzees
* Russell Athletic
* Spalding
* Vanity Fair Brands
* Curvation
* Exquisite Form
* Vanity Fair
* Vassarette
* Fechheimer Brothers
* Louis Motorcycle

|

Footwear|

* Brooks Sports
* H.H. Brown
* Dexter Shoe
* Double-H Boots
* Justin Brands
* Chippewa Boots
* Justin Boots
* Nocona Boots
* Tony Lama Boots

Transportation|

* Berkshire Hathaway Automotive
* Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation
* FlightSafety International
* Forest River
* Marquis Jet
* McLane
* NetJets
* Pilot Flying J (38.6%)
* XTRA Lease

Food|

* CTB International
* International Dairy Queen
* Dairy Queen
* Karmelkorn
* Orange Julius
* The Pampered Chef
* See's Candies

Media|

* Business Wire
* WPLG

Jewelry|

* Ben Bridge Jeweler
* Borsheims
* Helzberg Diamonds
* Richline Group

Scott Fetzer|

* Campbell Hausfeld
* Ginsu
* Kirby
* World Book Encyclopedia

BH Energy|

* AltaLink
* BHE GT&S
* BHE Renewables
* HomeServices of America
* Edina Realty
* Long & Foster
* RealtySouth
* Kern River Gas Transmission Company
* MidAmerican Energy Company
* Northern Natural Gas
* Northern Powergrid
* NV Energy
* PacifiCorp
* CalEnergy Generation

Other businesses|

* Cheil Jedang Indonesia (CGV Cinemas Indonesia
* Tous les Jours Indonesia)
* Duracell
* Oriental Trading Company

Major public
company ownership
positions|

* American Express (18%)
* Apple Inc. (2%)
* Bank of America (12%)
* The Coca-Cola Company (10%)
* DaVita (32%)
* Kraft Heinz (27%)
* Moody's (13%)
* RH

Related articles|

* Blue Chip Stamps
* Wesco Financial
* Owned assets
* Becoming Warren Buffett

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Padma Bhushan award recipients (2010–2019)

2010|

* Satya Paul Agarwal
* Mohammad Amin
* Sailesh Kumar Bandopadhyay
* M. S. Banga
* Anil Bordia
* Bipan Chandra
* B. K. Chaturvedi
* Sant Singh Chatwal
* G. P. Chopra
* Tan Chung
* Madhusudan Dhaky
* P. R. Dubhashi
* Puttaraj Gawai
* Belle Monappa Hegde
* Ilaiyaraaja
* Jagdish Chandra Kapur
* Shrinivas Khale
* Aamir Khan
* Sultan Khan
* Ram Kumar
* Kumudini Lakhia
* Kuzhur Narayana Marar
* Chhannulal Mishra
* Eledath Thaikkattu Narayanan Mooss
* C. P. Krishnan Nair
* S. P. Oswal
* Akbar Padamsee
* Ramakanta Panda
* Balasaheb Vikhe Patil
* Arogyaswami Paulraj
* A. R. Rahman
* Moosa Raza
* Mallika Sarabhai
* Nookala Chinna Satyanarayana
* Abhijit Sen
* Satya Vrat Shastri
* Noshir M. Shroff
* Kushal Pal Singh
* Bikash Sinha
* Balagangadharanatha Swamiji
* Narayanan Vaghul
* P. K. Warrier
* Fareed Zakaria

2011|

* S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
* Rajashree Birla
* M. N. Buch
* C. V. Chandrasekhar
* Ajai Chowdhry
* Yogesh Chander Deveshwar
* Satyadev Dubey
* T. J. S. George
* Shankha Ghosh
* Kris Gopalakrishnan
* Keki Byramjee Grant
* Shashi Kapoor
* Krishen Khanna
* Khayyam
* Chanda Kochhar
* Dwijen Mukhopadhyay
* Madavoor Vasudevan Nair
* Ramdas Pai
* Dashrath Patel
* Rajendra Singh Pawar
* Suryanarayanan Ramachandran
* Shobhana Ranade
* Gunupati Venkata Krishna Reddy
* Kallam Anji Reddy
* Waheeda Rehman
* Shyam Saran
* Analjit Singh
* Arpita Singh
* Surendra Singh
* R. K. Srikantan
* Raghavan Thirumulpad

2012|

* Suresh H. Advani
* Shabana Azmi
* Homi K. Bhabha
* Shashikumar Chitre
* Khaled Choudhury
* Jatin Das
* Vidya Dehejia
* Dharmendra
* S. N. Goenka
* M. S. Gopalakrishnan
* T. V. Gopalakrishnan
* Buddhadev Das Gupta
* Sunil Janah
* Anish Kapoor
* S. B. Mujumdar
* B. Muthuraman
* Mira Nair
* Arvind Panagariya
* José Pereira
* Mata Prasad
* M. S. Raghunathan
* P. Chandrasekhara Rao
* Ronen Sen
* Devi Shetty
* M. V. Subbiah
* N. Vittal
* N. H. Wadia
* George Yeo

2013|

* Satya N. Atluri
* Maharaj Kishan Bhan
* Jaspal Bhatti
* Rahul Dravid
* Adi Godrej
* Abdul Rashid Khan
* Rajesh Khanna
* Mary Kom
* Nandkishore Shamrao Laud
* Mangesh Padgaonkar
* Hemendra Singh Panwar
* Jogesh Pati
* Shivajirao Girdhar Patil
* A. Sivathanu Pillai
* D. Ramanaidu
* Kanak Rele
* V. K. Saraswat
* Ashoke Sen
* Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
* B. N. Suresh
* Sharmila Tagore
* Ramamurthy Thyagarajan
* Saroja Vaidyanathan

2014|

* Anisuzzaman
* Mrityunjay Athreya
* Padmanabhan Balaram
* Dalveer Bhandari
* Ruskin Bond
* Anita Desai
* Pullela Gopichand
* Kamal Haasan
* Jyeshtharaj Joshi
* V. N. Kaul
* Neelam Kler
* M. Mahadevappa
* Leander Paes
* K. Radhakrishnan
* Anumolu Ramakrishna
* Thirumalachari Ramasami
* Lloyd Rudolph
* Susanne Hoeber Rudolph
* Vinod Prakash Sharma
* Ghulam Mohammed Sheikh
* Parveen Sultana
* Dhirubhai Thaker
* Vairamuthu
* J. S. Verma
* T. H. Vinayakram

2015|

* Jahnu Barua
* Manjul Bhargava
* Vijay P. Bhatkar
* Swapan Dasgupta
* David Frawley
* Bill Gates
* Melinda French Gates
* Swami Satyamitranand
* N. Gopalaswami
* Subhash C. Kashyap
* Gokulotsavji Maharaj
* Saichiro Misumi
* Ambrish Mithal
* Sudha Ragunathan
* Harish Salve
* Ashok Seth
* Rajat Sharma
* Satpal Singh
* Shivakumara Swami
* Khadg Singh Valdiya

2016|

* Ravindra Chandra Bhargava
* Robert Blackwill
* Hafeez Contractor
* Indu Jain
* Heisnam Kanhailal
* Anupam Kher
* Sania Mirza
* Pallonji Mistry
* Udit Narayan
* Saina Nehwal
* Yarlagadda Lakshmi Prasad
* Vinod Rai
* N. S. Ramanuja Tatacharya
* A. V. Rama Rao
* D. Nageshwar Reddy
* Dayananda Saraswati
* Barjinder Singh Hamdard
* Ram V. Sutar
* Tejomayananda

2017|

* Vishwa Mohan Bhatt
* Deviprasad Dwivedi
* Ratnasundarsuri
* Niranjanananda Saraswati
* Cho Ramaswamy
* Maha Chakri Sirindhorn
* Tehemton Erach Udwadia

2018|

* Pankaj Advani
* Philipose Mar Chrysostom
* Mahendra Singh Dhoni
* Alexander Kadakin
* Ramachandran Nagaswamy
* Laxman Pai
* Arvind Parikh
* Sharda Sinha

2019|

* John T. Chambers
* Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa
* Pravin Gordhan
* Dharampal Gulati
* Darshan Lal Jain
* Ashok Laxmanrao Kukade
* Kariya Munda
* Budhaditya Mukherjee
* Mohanlal
* Nambi Narayanan
* Kuldip Nayar
* Bachendri Pal
* V. K. Shunglu
* Hukmdev Narayan Yadav

# Posthumous conferral

* 1954–1959
* 1960–1969
* 1970–1979
* 1980–1989
* 1990–1999
* 2000–2009
* 2010–2019
* 2020–2029

* v
* t
* e

Time Persons of the Year

1927–1950|

* Charles Lindbergh (1927)
* Walter Chrysler (1928)
* Owen D. Young (1929)
* Mohandas Gandhi (1930)
* Pierre Laval (1931)
* Franklin D. Roosevelt (1932)
* Hugh S. Johnson (1933)
* Franklin D. Roosevelt (1934)
* Haile Selassie (1935)
* Wallis Simpson (1936)
* Chiang Kai-shek / Soong Mei-ling (1937)
* Adolf Hitler (1938)
* Joseph Stalin (1939)
* Winston Churchill (1940)
* Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941)
* Joseph Stalin (1942)
* George Marshall (1943)
* Dwight D. Eisenhower (1944)
* Harry S. Truman (1945)
* James F. Byrnes (1946)
* George Marshall (1947)
* Harry S. Truman (1948)
* Winston Churchill (1949)
* The American Fighting-Man (1950)

1951–1975|

* Mohammed Mosaddeq (1951)
* Elizabeth II  (1952)
* Konrad Adenauer (1953)
* John Foster Dulles (1954)
* Harlow Curtice (1955)
* Hungarian Freedom Fighters (1956)
* Nikita Khrushchev (1957)
* Charles de Gaulle (1958)
* Dwight D. Eisenhower (1959)
* U.S. Scientists: George Beadle / Charles Draper / John Enders / Donald A. Glaser / Joshua Lederberg / Willard Libby / Linus Pauling / Edward Purcell / Isidor Rabi / Emilio Segrè / William Shockley / Edward Teller / Charles Townes / James Van Allen / Robert Woodward (1960)
* John F. Kennedy (1961)
* Pope John XXIII (1962)
* Martin Luther King Jr. (1963)
* Lyndon B. Johnson (1964)
* William Westmoreland (1965)
* The Generation Twenty-Five and Under (1966)
* Lyndon B. Johnson (1967)
* The Apollo 8 Astronauts: William Anders / Frank Borman / Jim Lovell (1968)
* The Middle Americans (1969)
* Willy Brandt (1970)
* Richard Nixon (1971)
* Henry Kissinger / Richard Nixon (1972)
* John Sirica (1973)
* King Faisal (1974)
* American Women: Susan Brownmiller / Kathleen Byerly / Alison Cheek / Jill Conway / Betty Ford / Ella Grasso / Carla Hills / Barbara Jordan / Billie Jean King / Susie Sharp / Carol Sutton / Addie Wyatt (1975)

1976–2000|

* Jimmy Carter (1976)
* Anwar Sadat (1977)
* Deng Xiaoping (1978)
* Ayatollah Khomeini (1979)
* Ronald Reagan (1980)
* Lech Wałęsa (1981)
* The Computer (1982)
* Ronald Reagan / Yuri Andropov (1983)
* Peter Ueberroth (1984)
* Deng Xiaoping (1985)
* Corazon Aquino (1986)
* Mikhail Gorbachev (1987)
* The Endangered Earth (1988)
* Mikhail Gorbachev (1989)
* George H. W. Bush (1990)
* Ted Turner (1991)
* Bill Clinton (1992)
* The Peacemakers: Yasser Arafat / F. W. de Klerk / Nelson Mandela / Yitzhak Rabin (1993)
* Pope John Paul II (1994)
* Newt Gingrich (1995)
* David Ho (1996)
* Andrew Grove (1997)
* Bill Clinton / Ken Starr (1998)
* Jeff Bezos (1999)
* George W. Bush (2000)

2001–present|

* Rudolph Giuliani (2001)
* The Whistleblowers: Cynthia Cooper / Coleen Rowley / Sherron Watkins (2002)
* The American Soldier (2003)
* George W. Bush (2004)
* The Good Samaritans: Bono / Bill Gates / Melinda Gates (2005)
* You (2006)
* Vladimir Putin (2007)
* Barack Obama (2008)
* Ben Bernanke (2009)
* Mark Zuckerberg (2010)
* The Protester (2011)
* Barack Obama (2012)
* Pope Francis (2013)
* Ebola Fighters: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. Kent Brantly / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / Salome Karwah (2014)
* Angela Merkel (2015)
* Donald Trump (2016)
* The Silence Breakers (2017)
* The Guardians: Jamal Khashoggi / Maria Ressa / Wa Lone / Kyaw Soe Oo / Staff of The Capital (2018)
* Greta Thunberg (2019)
* Joe Biden / Kamala Harris (2020)
* Elon Musk (2021)

* v
* t
* e

Jefferson Awards for Public Service

U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Outstanding Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official

* Henry A. Kissinger
* Elliot Richardson
* Peter W. Rodino, Jr.
* Arthur F. Burns, Alan Greenspan, William E. Simon
* Michael Mansfield
* Hubert H. Humphrey
* Kenneth A. Gibson, William Donald Schaefer, Coleman A. Young
* Cyrus R. Vance
* Warren Christopher
* Howard H. Baker
* Paul A. Volcker
* William H. Webster
* James A. Baker, III
* George P. Shultz
* William J. Brennan
* C. Everett Koop
* Paul Nitze
* Colin Powell
* Dick Cheney
* Thurgood Marshall
* Carla Hills
* George J. Mitchell, Bob Michel
* Harry Blackmun
* Sam Nunn
* Robert Dole
* Robert Rubin
* Daniel Patrick Moynihan
* John Glenn
* Madeleine Albright
* Rudolph Giuliani
* Condoleezza Rice
* Sandra Day O'Connor
* Lee H. Hamilton, Thomas H. Kean
* John Lewis
* Richard M. Daley
* Joe Lieberman
* Edward Kennedy
* Michael R. Bloomberg, Cory A. Booker
* Ruth Bader Ginsburg
* David H. Petraeus
* Tom Coburn, Patrick Leahy
* Gabby Giffords
* Sonia Sotomayor
* Arne Duncan
* Deval Patrick

S. Roger Horchow Award for Outstanding Public Service by a Private Citizen

* John W. Gardner
* Ralph Nader
* Katharine Graham
* John D. Rockefeller, III
* Art Buchwald
* Paul Mellon
* Howard Jarvis
* Norman Borlaug
* Walter Cronkite
* Bob Hope
* Kirk Douglas
* J. Peter Grace
* Lee Iacocca
* H. Ross Perot
* Irving Brown
* James W. Rouse
* Leo Cherne
* Jimmy Carter
* Robert C. Macauley
* Faye Wattleton
* James Burke
* Jim Brady, Sarah Brady
* Walter H. Annenberg
* Brian Lamb
* Nancy Brinker
* Oprah Winfrey
* Elizabeth Dole
* Elayne Bennett
* Ted Benna
* Lilly Tartikoff
* Anne Douglas
* Ken Burns
* Vartan Gregorian
* Jeffrey Sachs
* Edward Jagen
* Greg Mortenson, Pamela Hawley
* Paul Farmer
* Bill Shore
* Harry Connick, Jr., Branford Marsalis
* Elie Wiesel
* Andrew Shue, Charles Best
* Jeff Skoll, Ivan Hageman
* Sean Parker
* Peter Diamandis, Sheila Johnson

Outstanding Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged

* Cesar Chavez
* Thomas Szasz
* Leon Sullivan
* Theodore Hesburgh
* Howard Rusk
* Jerry Lewis
* Jesse Jackson
* Allard Lowenstein
* Marva Collins
* Claude Pepper
* Helen Hayes
* Maude E. Callen
* Betty Ford
* Eugene Lang
* Ginetta Sagan
* Bruce Ritter
* Kimi Gray
* Jaime Escalante
* Marian Wright Edelman
* Eunice Shriver
* Arthur Ashe
* Paul Newman, Joanne Woodward
* Barbara Bush
* Rosalynn Carter
* Oseola McCarty
* Thaddeus S. Lott, Sr.
* Millard Fuller
* Benjamin Carson
* Dorothy Height
* Bill Gates, Melinda Gates
* Mathilde Krim
* Fred L. Shuttlesworth
* Dave Pelzer
* I. King Jordan
* Geoffrey Canada
* Darell Hammond
* William E. Milliken
* Jim Gibbons
* Jerry Reinsdorf
* Richard Proudfit
* Dolores Huerta
* Pedro José Greer
* Kyle Zimmer

Samuel S. Beard Award for Outstanding Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under

* Joseph A. Yablonski
* Maynard Jackson
* Emmett Tyrrell
* Vilma S. Martinez
* Max Cleland
* Bernard Powell
* Denis Hayes
* 1980 US Olympic Hockey Team
* David Stockman
* Henry Cisneros
* Jan Scruggs
* Sally Ride
* Trevor Ferrell
* Robert Hayes
* Steve Jobs
* Marlee Matlin
* Marc Buoniconti
* Anne Donahue
* Wendy Kopp
* Michael Brown, Alan Khazei
* Mary Taylor
* Wayne Meisel
* Stacey Bess
* Andrea Jaeger
* Michael Danziger
* Bobby Jindal
* Anthony Shriver
* Faith Hill
* Lance Armstrong
* Chad Pregracke
* Matthew Meyer
* Kirsten Lodal, Brian Kreiter
* Benjamin Shuldiner
* Peyton Manning
* Lindsay Hyde
* Ocean Robbins
* Jennifer Staple
* Tad Skylar Agoglia
* Brittany Bergquist, Robbie Bergquist
* Amber Lynn Coffman
* Dr. Neilesh Patel
* Jack Andraka
* Lauren Bush Lauren
* The Young American Soldier
* Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza, Ayọ Tometi

Outstanding Public Service in Professional Sports

* Nnamdi Asomugha, Tyrus Thomas, Curtis Granderson, Stuart Holden, Dwight Howard, Dirk Nowitzki, Justin Tuck, Lauryn Williams, Venus Williams, Ryan Zimmerman
* Drew Brees, Tamika Catchings, Stephen Curry, Warrick Dunn, Brad Davis, Ernie Els, Ryan Hall, Paul Pierce, CC Sabathia, Brian Westbrook
* Jeremy Affeldt, Dereck Faulkner, Julie Foudy, Jeff Karstens, Jim Kelly, Charlie Kimball, Pat LaFontaine, Hannibal Naives, Jeff Saturday, Troy Vincent, Marty Lyons
* Mark Ein
* Mariano Rivera, James Thrash
* Fred Jackson
* Eric Decker
* Joe Torre

Lifetime Achievement in Public Service

* Ray Chambers
* Marlo Thomas
* Craig Hatkoff, Jane Rosenthal, Robert De Niro
* The Robin Hood Foundation
* Tom Brokaw
* Billie Jean King
* Harry Belafonte

Outstanding National or Global Service by a Young American 25 Years or Under

* Ellie Duke, Katherine Foronda, Ted Gonder, Dallas Jessup, Emma Lindle, Tristan Love, Jessie Mintz, Zoe Ridolfi-Starr, Joe Togani, Kelly Voigt
* Sicomac Elementary School Student Council, Sashin Choksh, Morgan Harley, Greg Nance, Nick Hebert, Patrick Ip, Talia Lemon, Sarah Nuss, Mordecai Scott, Jessica Singer, Tyrone Stevenson, Vanessa Strickland
* Lillian Pravda, Maria Keller
* Corinne Hindes, Katrine Krisebom, Kid President
* Sophia Sánchez-Maes
* Laurie Hernandez

Outstanding Public Service by a Corporation

* Prudential, Starkey Laboratories
* Pfizer
* General Electric
* Weyerhaeuser
* Target Corporation
* Salesforce
* Warby Parker

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