Demographics of Armenia

Demographics of the country

Demographics of Armenia

Armenia population pyramid in 2020

Population| 3,046,100 (7 November 2018)[1]
Density| 102.73/km2
Growth rate| 0.27/1,000 population (2016 est.)
Birth rate| 2.97 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Death rate| 1.76 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Nationality
Nationality| Armenian(s)
Major ethnic| Armenian
Minor ethnic| Russian, Yazidis, Kurds, Assyrians
Language
Official| Armenian
Spoken| Armenian, English, Kurdish, Russian, French and others

After registering steady increases during the Soviet period, the population of Armenia declined from its peak value of 3.633 million in 1992 to 2.986 million in 2017.[1]

Whilst the country's population increased steadily during the Soviet Union as a result of periods of repatriation and low emigration rates, it has declined in recent times due to the exodus of peoples following the Soviet break-up. The rates of emigration and population decline, however, have decreased in recent years, and there has been a moderate influx of Armenians returning to Armenia.

## Contents

* 1 Historical statistics
* 2 Human development
* 3 Vital statistics
* 3.1 Life expectancy
* 3.2 Reproduction indicators
* 3.3 Structure of the population
* 3.4 Vital statistics summary data
* 3.5 Current vital statistics
* 4 Ethnic groups
* 5 Languages
* 6 Religions
* 7 Migration
* 8 Wealth and poverty
* 8.1 Inequality
* 8.2 Wealth
* 8.3 Poverty
* 9 See also
* 10 Notes
* 11 References
* 12 External links

## Historical statistics[edit | edit source]

Census population and average annual growth rateYear| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1831| 161,747| —
1873| 496,140| +2.70%
1886| 635,833| +1.93%
1897| 797,853| +2.08%
1908| 877,322| +0.87%
1914| 1,014,255| +2.45%
1916| 993,782| −1.01%
1919| 961,677| −1.09%
1920| 720,000| −25.13%
1922| 782,052| +4.22%
1926| 878,929| +2.96%
1931| 1,050,633| +3.63%
1939| 1,282,338| +2.52%
1959| 1,763,048| +1.60%
1970| 2,491,873| +3.20%
1979| 3,037,259| +2.22%
1989| 3,304,776| +0.85%
2001| 3,213,011| −0.23%
2011| 3,018,854| −0.62%

The population in 1926 was later reported as 881,290 due to territorial adjustments that took place from 1926–1931.

The population in 1989 was later reported as 3,448,600.[2]

For 1831–1931[3][4][5]
For 1920[6]
For 1926[7]
For 1939–1989[8]
For 2001[9]
For 2011[10]

Upon its Sovietization, the territory of modern-day Armenia had a population of some 720,000, a decline of nearly 30% from its peak of more than a million in 1914 before the outbreak of war. Furthermore, half of the population (~360,000) consisted of refugees, mainly from areas subject to genocide and massacres such as within the Ottoman Empire, Kars, Surmalu, and Nakhichevan.[6] American historian Richard Pipes describes the demographic changes in Armenia:[11]

> According to Soviet estimates, the Armenian population of Transcaucasia declined between 1914 and 1920 by one half million: 200,000 in consequence of Turkish, and, presumably, Communist, massacres, and 300,000 from other causes, mostly famine and disease.

The drastic decline of the population was addressed by the Soviet Armenian government by allowing the repatriation of displaced Azerbaijanis to districts where they had formed a significant population in Armenia. The Azerbaijani population of Armenia which numbered some 10,000 in 1920 (attributed to the ARF government's expulsion of at least 200,000 Turks and Kurds) rose to 72,596 in 1922 as a result of the repatriation of some 60,000 refugees.[12] In addition to this, the Soviet government repatriated 44,000 Armenian refugees from Greece, Iraq, Turkey, and elsewhere throughout the 1920s and 1930s.[13] Between 1946–1948, 86,000 Armenians had been repatriated to Soviet Armenia to offset the country's wartime losses.[14] At the same time, by agreement of Armenian and Azerbaijani Soviet leaderships, tens of thousands of Azerbaijanis in Armenia were resettled to Azerbaijan to make room for the repatriates.[15]

File:Population growth rates in Armenia in years 1980-2016.jpg

Population growth rates in Armenia in years 1980–2016. Data from World Bank.

## Human development[edit | edit source]

This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (January 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

|

According to the 2018 HDI statistical update (with data for 2017), compared to all its neighboring countries Armenia has:

* the lowest coefficient of human inequality,
* the lowest gender inequality (ranked 55th on Gender Inequality Index),
* highest percentage of men and highest percentage of women with at least some secondary education,
* highest share of seats in parliament held by women,
* highest share of women who reported to feel safe,
* highest GDP growth rate.[16]

Since 1990, Armenia recorded steady growth of average annual HDI scores in every reported period (1990–2000, 2000–2010, 2010–2017).[16]

According to the 2016 Sustainable Society Index, Armenia has a higher rank of Human Wellbeing than all its neighbours. At the same time its Economic Wellbeing rank is below neighbouring countries.[17]

The 2011 census counted 539,394 persons (19.4% of the population above 6 years of age) with higher professional education.[18]

## Vital statistics[edit | edit source]

### Life expectancy[edit | edit source]

According to the 2018 HDI statistical update, compared to all its neighboring countries Armenia has the highest health expenditures as percentage of its GDP and the highest healthy life expectancy at birth.[16]

In 2016, the average life expectancy at birth for males was 71.6 years and for females was 78.3 years, with the average at 75.0 years.[1]

After a setback during 1986–1996, mostly due to the Spitak earthquake, and the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Armenia regained its position and was consistently among the top three former Soviet republics during 1997–2016, topping the list in 2007.[19]

During the Soviet period, life expectancy was traditionally high in Armenia and topped all other republics of the USSR, and most other countries in Eastern Europe between 1978–1980.[20][21]

Period  | Life expectancy in
Years  | Period  | Life expectancy in
Years

|
|
|

1950–1955  | 62.8  | 1985–1990  | 68.4
1955–1960  | 64.9  | 1990–1995  | 68.1
1960–1965  | 67.0  | 1995–2000  | 70.2
1965–1970  | 69.2  | 2000–2005  | 72.4
1970–1975  | 70.8  | 2005–2010  | 72.7
1975–1980  | 70.6  | 2010–2015  | 74.0
1980–1985  | 70.9  |  |

Source: UN[22]

### Reproduction indicators[edit | edit source]

Global map of changes in population growth rates

Population growth rates in 2010–2015 vs. 2005–2010 A study revealed that population growth rates were more positive in Armenia, compared to surrounding countries in the specified period.

In 2016, natural increase of population comprised 12,366 persons and the crude rate of natural increase reached 4.1%, per 1000 population, decreasing by 0.4% compared to the previous year.[1]

After double-digit crude natural increase rates between 1982–1992, rates did not exceed 5.5 after 1998. At a regional level, slightly better rates were recorded in the capital Yerevan, where the value of 5.5 is consistently being surpassed since 2009. Particularly weak is natural increase in Tavush and Syunik provinces, not much better off are Lori and Vayots Dzor provinces.[1]

Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):[23]

Year  | CBR (Total)  | TFR (Total)  | CBR (Urban)  | TFR (Urban)  | CBR (Rural)  | TFR (Rural)

|
|
|
|
|
|

2000  | 13.9  | 1.7 (1.5)  | 12.1  | 1.5 (1.3)  | 16.3  | 2.1 (1.7)
2005  | 14.6  | 1.7 (1.6)  | 14.5  | 1.6 (1.6)  | 14.9  | 1,8 (1,6)
2010  | 14.0  | 1.7 (1.6)  | 12.8  | 1.6 (1.5)  | 16.2  | 1.8 (1.8)
2015–2016  | 12.9  | 1.7 (1.7)  | 12.7  | 1.7 (1.6)  | 13.2  | 1.8 (1.8)

Armenia's Total Fertility Rate at 1.6 was lowest in the Caucasus region in 2017.[24] TFR is expected to stay at 1.6 between 2015–2020, less from 1.7 in years 2010–2015.[16]

The mean age of mothers at birth was 26.8 years and at first birth it was 24.7 years in 2016.[1] Adolescent birth rate, as well as, share of women married at age of 18 was lowest in Armenia compared to its neighboring countries.[16]

In 2016, infant mortality rate (in the first year of their life) was 8.6%, per 1,000 live births.[1]

A study revealed that population growth rate changes were more favorable in Armenia than in its surrounding countries between 2005–2015.

### Structure of the population[edit | edit source]

The median age in 2020 was 36.6 years (male: 35.1, female: 38.3).Cite error: A `<ref>` tag is missing the closing `</ref>` (see the help page).

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 1,398,052  | 1,620,802  | 3,018,854  | 100
0–4  | 105 565  | 102 007  | 207 572  | 6.88
5–9  | 91 429  | 88 500  | 179 929  | 5.96
10–14  | 90 458  | 88 179  | 178 637  | 5.92
15–19  | 107 938  | 125 137  | 233 075  | 7.72
20–24  | 133 897  | 158 337  | 292 234  | 9.68
25–29  | 122 109  | 149 820  | 271 929  | 9.01
30–34  | 103 114  | 119 891  | 223 005  | 7.39
35–39  | 89 073  | 98 348  | 187 421  | 6.21
40–44  | 82 502  | 94 462  | 176 964  | 5.86
45–49  | 98 064  | 112 996  | 211 060  | 6.99
50–54  | 109 294  | 125 238  | 234 532  | 7.77
55–59  | 80 989  | 96 769  | 177 758  | 5.89
60–64  | 56 189  | 71 410  | 127 599  | 4.23
65–69  | 28 020  | 37 353  | 65 373  | 2.17
70–74  | 44 041  | 63 637  | 107 678  | 3.57
75–79  | 30 734  | 44 643  | 75 377  | 2.50
80–84  | 18 662  | 30 244  | 48 906  | 1.62
85+  | 5 974  | 13 831  | 19 805  | 0.66
Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %
0–14  | 287 452  | 278 686  | 566 138  | 18.75
15–64  | 983 169  | 1 152 408  | 2 135 577  | 70.74
65+  | 127 431  | 189 708  | 317 139  | 10.51

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2019): [25]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 1 399 368  | 1 563 114  | 2 962 482  | 100
0–4  | 102 588  | 92 078  | 194 666  | 6.57
5–9  | 111 879  | 98 348  | 210 227  | 7.10
10–14  | 103 991  | 90 955  | 194 946  | 6.58
15–19  | 88 582  | 77 838  | 166 420  | 5.62
20–24  | 90 776  | 88 311  | 179 087  | 6.05
25–29  | 115 826  | 127 910  | 243 736  | 8.23
30–34  | 124 127  | 138 753  | 262 880  | 8.87
35–39  | 111 345  | 123 527  | 234 872  | 7.93
40–44  | 87 619  | 100 891  | 188 510  | 6.36
45–49  | 74 528  | 90 316  | 164 844  | 5.56
50–54  | 73 562  | 93 943  | 167 505  | 5.65
55–59  | 91 952  | 116 734  | 208 686  | 7.04
60–64  | 81 199  | 105 827  | 187 026  | 6.31
65-69  | 55 578  | 76 627  | 132 205  | 4.46
70-74  | 29 945  | 46 812  | 76 757  | 2.59
75-79  | 23 192  | 37 510  | 60 702  | 2.05
80-84  | 21 287  | 37 958  | 59 245  | 2.00
85+  | 11 392  | 18 776  | 30 168  | 1.02
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 318 458  | 281 381  | 599 839  | 20.25
15–64  | 939 516  | 1 064 050  | 2 003 566  | 67.63
65+  | 141 394  | 217 683  | 359 077  | 12.12

|- |} In 2016, households with up to four members prevailed in urban areas throughout Armenia, with the share of such households coming to 70.2% in urban communities compared to 60.1% in rural communities.[26]

Since the 1960s, Armenia has the highest share of urban population among South Caucasus countries.[27]

### Vital statistics summary data[edit | edit source]

[28][29][30][31][32]

| Average population  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural change  | Crude birth rate (per 1000)  | Crude death rate (per 1000)  | Natural change (per 1000)  | Total fertility rate  | Infant mortality rate (per 1000 births)  | Life expectancy males  | Life expectancy females  | Life expectancy (total)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1950  | 1,354,000  | 43,414  | 11,525  | 31,889  | 32.1  | 8.5  | 23.6
1951  | 1,378,000  | 49,790  | 12,482  | 37,308  | 36.1  | 9.1  | 27.1
1952  | 1,415,000  | 53,845  | 12,916  | 40,929  | 38.1  | 9.1  | 28.9
1953  | 1,454,000  | 51,025  | 14,007  | 37,018  | 35.1  | 9.6  | 25.5
1954  | 1,504,000  | 57,995  | 12,301  | 45,900  | 38.6  | 8.2  | 30.4
1955  | 1,564,000  | 59,477  | 13,763  | 45,714  | 38.0  | 8.8  | 29.2
1956  | 1,616,000  | 62,119  | 12,286  | 50,000  | 38.5  | 7.6  | 30.8
1957  | 1,671,000  | 66,862  | 14,101  | 52,761  | 40.0  | 8.4  | 31.6
1958  | 1,732,000  | 71,213  | 14,089  | 57,124  | 41.1  | 8.1  | 33.0
1959  | 1,796,000  | 72,211  | 13,968  | 58,243  | 40.2  | 7.8  | 32.4
1960  | 1,867,000  | 74,825  | 12,675  | 62,150  | 40.1  | 6.8  | 33.3  | 4.63
1961  | 1,942,000  | 72,377  | 12,496  | 59,881  | 37.3  | 6.4  | 30.8  | 4.27
1962  | 2,005,000  | 69,505  | 13,297  | 56,208  | 34.7  | 6.6  | 28.0  | 4.17
1963  | 2,064,000  | 67,382  | 12,046  | 55,336  | 32.6  | 5.8  | 26.8  | 4.11
1964  | 2,133,000  | 64,454  | 12,415  | 52,039  | 30.2  | 5.8  | 24.4  | 3.98
1965  | 2,205,000  | 62,969  | 12,582  | 50,387  | 28.6  | 5.7  | 22.9  | 3.91
1966  | 2,273,000  | 61,594  | 12,445  | 49,149  | 27.1  | 5.5  | 21.6  | 3.69
1967  | 2,337,000  | 57,031  | 12,622  | 44,409  | 24.4  | 5.4  | 19.0  | 3.55
1968  | 2,401,000  | 57,503  | 12,231  | 45,272  | 23.9  | 5.1  | 18.9  | 3.46
1969  | 2,462,000  | 56,203  | 12,782  | 43,421  | 22.8  | 5.2  | 17.6  | 3.20
1970  | 2,518,000  | 55,694  | 12,844  | 42,850  | 22.1  | 5.1  | 17.0  | 3.17
1971  | 2,580,000  | 58,188  | 12,518  | 45,670  | 22.6  | 4.9  | 17.7  | 3.18
1972  | 2,644,000  | 59,313  | 13,730  | 45,583  | 22.4  | 5.2  | 17.2  | 3.07
1973  | 2,708,000  | 59,593  | 14,102  | 45,491  | 22.0  | 5.2  | 16.8  | 2.92
1974  | 2,770,000  | 60,419  | 14,276  | 46,143  | 21.8  | 5.2  | 16.7  | 2.82
1975  | 2,826,000  | 62,866  | 15,498  | 47,368  | 22.2  | 5.5  | 16.8  | 2.79
1976  | 2,883,000  | 65,065  | 15,688  | 49,377  | 22.6  | 5.4  | 17.1  | 2.72
1977  | 2,943,000  | 65,830  | 15,813  | 50,017  | 22.4  | 5.4  | 17.0  | 2.61
1978  | 3,001,000  | 66,698  | 16,465  | 50,233  | 22.2  | 5.5  | 16.7  | 2.46
1979  | 3,051,000  | 69,786  | 17,125  | 52,661  | 22.9  | 5.6  | 17.3  | 2.38
1980  | 3,096,000  | 70,324  | 17,124  | 53,200  | 22.7  | 5.5  | 17.2  | 2.33
1981  | 3,144,000  | 73,682  | 16,659  | 57,023  | 23.4  | 5.3  | 18.1  | 2.31
1982  | 3,194,000  | 74,225  | 17,469  | 56,756  | 23.2  | 5.5  | 17.8  | 2.26
1983  | 3,243,000  | 76,436  | 18,369  | 58,067  | 23.6  | 5.7  | 17.9  | 2.35
1984  | 3,292,000  | 79,767  | 19,043  | 60,724  | 24.2  | 5.8  | 18.4  | 2.44
1985  | 3,339,000  | 80,306  | 19,581  | 60,725  | 24.1  | 5.9  | 18.2  | 2.56
1986  | 3,387,000  | 81,192  | 19,410  | 61,782  | 24.0  | 5.7  | 18.2  | 2.58
1987  | 3,435,000  | 78,492  | 19,727  | 58,765  | 22.9  | 5.7  | 17.1  | 2.55
1988  | 3,453,000  | 74,707  | 35,567  | 39,140  | 21.6  | 10.3  | 11.3  | 2.49
1989  | 3,482,000  | 75,250  | 20,853  | 54,397  | 21.6  | 6.0  | 15.6  | 2.61
1990  | 3,545,000  | 79,882  | 21,993  | 57,889  | 22.5  | 6.2  | 16.3  | 2.63
1991  | 3,604,000  | 77,825  | 23,425  | 54,400  | 21.6  | 6.5  | 15.1  | 2.60
1992  | 3,549,000  | 70,581  | 25,824  | 44,757  | 19.9  | 7.3  | 12.6  | 2.44
1993  | 3,410,000  | 59,041  | 27,500  | 31,541  | 17.3  | 8.1  | 9.2  | 2.14
1994  | 3,309,000  | 51,143  | 24,648  | 26,495  | 15.5  | 7.4  | 8.0  | 1.878
1995  | 3,255,000  | 48,960  | 24,842  | 24,118  | 15.0  | 7.6  | 7.4  | 1.842
1996  | 3,247,000  | 48,134  | 24,936  | 23,198  | 14.8  | 7.7  | 7.1  | 1.834
1997  | 3,242,000  | 43,929  | 23,985  | 19,944  | 13.5  | 7.4  | 6.2  | 1.680
1998  | 3,235,000  | 39,366  | 23,210  | 16,156  | 12.2  | 7.2  | 5.0  | 1.509
1999  | 3,230,000  | 36,502  | 24,087  | 12,415  | 11.3  | 7.5  | 3.8  | 1.388
2000  | 3,221,000  | 34,276 | 24,025 | 10,251  | 10.6 | 7.5 | 3.2  | 1.305
2001  | 3,214,000  | 32,065 | 24,003 | 8,062  | 10.0 | 7.5 | 2.5  | 1.239
2002  | 3,205,000  | 32,229 | 25,554 | 6,675  | 10.1 | 8.0 | 2.1  | 1.207
2003  | 3,188,000  | 35,793 | 26,014 | 9,779  | 11.2 | 8.2 | 3.1  | 1.349
2004  | 3,172,000  | 37,520 | 25,679 | 11,841  | 11.8 | 8.1 | 3.7  | 1.383
2005  | 3,155,000  | 37,499 | 26,379 | 11,120  | 11.9 | 8.4 | 3.5  | 1.366
2006  | 3,139,000  | 37,639 | 27,202 | 10,437  | 12.0 | 8.7 | 3.3  | 1.348  | 13.9  | 69.8 | 76.0 | 72.9
2007  | 3,122,000  | 40,105 | 26,830 | 13,275  | 12.8 | 8.6 | 4.3  | 1.417  | 10.9  | 69.8 | 76.1 | 73.0
2008  | 3,106,000  | 41,185 | 27,412 | 13,773  | 13.3 | 8.8 | 4.4  | 1.444  | 10.8  | 70.0 | 76.3 | 73.2
2009  | 3,089,000  | 44,466 | 27,528 | 16,938  | 14.4 | 8.9 | 5.5  | 1.551  | 10.4  | 70.0 | 76.3 | 73.2
2010  | 3,073,000  | 44,825 | 27,921 | 16,904  | 14.6 | 9.1 | 5.5  | 1.556  | 11.4  | 70.1 | 76.4 | 73.3
2011  | 3,056,000  | 43,340 | 27,963 | 15,377  | 14.2 | 9.1 | 5.0  | 1.499  | 11.6  | 70.5 | 77.3 | 74.0
20123 | 3,037,000  | 42,480 | 27,599 | 14,881  | 14.0 | 9.1 | 4.9  | 1.583  | 10.8  | 70.9 | 77.5 | 74.3
2013  | 3,022,000  | 41,770 | 27,165 | 14,605  | 13.8 | 9.0 | 4.8  | 1.573  | 9.7  | 71.5 | 77.9 | 74.8
2014  | 3,014,000  | 43,183 | 27,196 | 15,987  | 14.3 | 9.0 | 5.3  | 1.652  | 8.8  | 71.8 | 78.1 | 75.0
2015  | 3,007,000  | 41,763 | 27,878 | 13,885  | 13.9 | 9.3 | 4.6  | 1.645  | 8.8  | 71.7 | 78.2 | 75.0
2016  | 2,998,000  | 40,592 | 28,226 | 12,366  | 13.5 | 9.4 | 4.2  | 1.647  | 8.6  | 71.6 | 78.3 | 75.0
2017  | 2,986,000  | 37,700 | 27,157 | 10,543  | 12.7 | 9.2 | 3.5  | 1.576  | 8.2  | 71.9 | 78.7 | 75.4
2018  | 2,973,000  | 36,502 | 25,645 | 10,857  | 12.3 | 8.6 | 3.7  | 1.573  | 7.1  | 72.4 | 79 | 75.9
2019  | 2,965,000  | 36,131 | 26,252 | 9,879  | 12.2 | 8.9 | 3.3  | 1.599  | 6.2  |  |
2020  | 2,959,000  | 36,353 | 36,170 | 183  | 12.3 | 12.2 | 0.1  | 1.656  |  |  |
2021  | 2,964,000  | 36,585 | 34,714 | 1,871  | 12.3 | 11.7 | 0.6  |  |  |  |

1 The numbers of life births and deaths until 1959 were calculated from the birth rate and death rate, respectively

2 The high number of deaths in 1988 is related to the Spitak earthquake, while in the rest of the 20th century the death rate was equal to the rate of other European countries (excluding England). [33]

3 The population estimate for 2012 has been recalculated on the basis of the 2011 Census.

### Current vital statistics[edit | edit source]

[34]

Period  | Live births  | Deaths  | Natural increase

|
|
|

January - August 2021 | 23,478  | 20,841  | +2,637
January - August 2022 | 22,964  | 18,554  | +4,410
Difference |  -514 (-2.19%)  |  -2,287 (-10.81%)  |  +1,773
CBR/CDR by province  Province  | CBR(2021)  | CDR(2021)  | Natural Increase

|
|
|

Yerevan | 13.7  | 10.4  | +3.3
Aragatsotn | 11.7  | 10.7  | +1.0
Ararat | 11.3  | 9.6  | +1.7
Armavir | 10.9  | 9.7  | +1.2
Gegharkunik | 10.9  | 8.5  | +2.4
Lori | 11.6  | 13.9  | -2.5
Kotayk | 12.2  | 10.8  | +1.4
Shirak | 11.0  | 12.2  | -1.2
Syunik | 10.0  | 10.3  | -0.3
Vayots Dzor | 11.1  | 11.6  | -0.5
Tavush | 10.1  | 12.8  | -2.7

## Ethnic groups[edit | edit source]

Main article: Censuses of Armenia

Population of Armenia according to ethnic group 1926–2011  Ethnic
group  | census 19261 | census 19392 | census 19593 | census 19704 | census 19795 | census 19896 | census 20017 | census 20118

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %
Armenians | 743,571  | 84.5  | 1,061,997  | 82.8  | 1,551,610  | 88.0  | 2,208,327  | 88.6  | 2,724,975  | 89.7  | 3,083,616  | 93.3  | 3,145,354  | 97.9  | 2,961,514  | 98.1
Yazidis | 12,237  | 1.4  | 20,481  | 1.6  | 25,627  | 1.5  | 37,486  | 1.5  | 50,822  | 1.7  | 56,127  | 1.7  | 40,620  | 1.3  | 35,272  | 1.2
Kurds | 2,973  | 0.3  | 1,519  | 0.0  | 2,131  | 0.1
Russians | 19,548  | 2.2  | 51,464  | 4.0  | 56,464  | 3.2  | 66,108  | 2.7  | 70,336  | 2.3  | 51,555  | 1.6  | 14,660  | 0.5  | 11,862  | 0.4
Assyrians | 2,215  | 0.3  | 3,280  | 0.3  | 4,326  | 0.2  | 5,544  | 0.2  | 6,183  | 0.2  | 5,963  | 0.2  | 3,409  | 0.1  | 2,769  | 0.1
Ukrainians | 2,286  | 0.3  | 5,496  | 0.4  | 5,593  | 0.3  | 8,390  | 0.3  | 8,900  | 0.3  | 8,341  | 0.3  | 1,633  | 0.1  | 1,176  | 0.0
Greeks | 2,980  | 0.3  | 4,181  | 0.3  | 4,976  | 0.3  | 5,690  | 0.2  | 5,653  | 0.2  | 4,650  | 0.1  | 1,176  | 0.0  | 900  | 0.0
Georgians | 274  | 0.0  | 652  | 0.1  | 816  | 0.0  | 1,439  | 0.1  | 1,314  | 0.0  | 1,364  | 0.0  | 694  | 0․0  | 974  | 0.0
Azerbaijanis | 76,870  | 8.7  | 130,896  | 10.2  | 107,748  | 6.1  | 148,189  | 5.9  | 160,841  | 5.3  | 84,860  | 2.6  | 29  | 0․0  |  |
Jews  | 335  | 0.0  | 512  | 0.0  | 1,024  | 0.1  | 1,047  | 0.0  | 959  | 0.0  | 720  | 0.0  | 109  | 0․0  | 127[35] | 0․0
Others  | 18,001  | 2.0  | 3,379  | 0.3  | 4,864  | 0.3  | 9,653  | 0.4  | 7,276  | 0.2  | 7,580  | 0.2  | 3,808  | 0.1  | 2,129  | 0.1
Total  | 880,464  | 1,282,338  | 1,763,048  | 2,491,873  | 3,037,259  | 3,304,776  | 3,213,011  | 3,018,854
1 Source: [1]. 2 Source: [2]. 3 Source: [3]. 4 Source: [4]. 5 Source: [5]. 6 Source: [6]. 7 Source: [7]. 8 Source: [8].

File:Jc8q8pp8g4y81.png

Ethnic map of Armenia

Ethnic groups of Armenia

Armenian (98.1%)

Yazidis (1.2%)

Kurds (0.1%)

Assyrians (0.1%)

Russians (0.4%)

Other (0.1%)

In 2002, ethnic minorities included Russians, Assyrians, Ukrainians, Yazidis, Kurds, Iranians, Greeks, Georgians, and Belarusians. There were also smaller communities of Vlachs, Mordvins, Ossetians, Udis, and Tats. Minorities of Poles and Caucasus Germans also exist, though they are heavily Russified.[36]

## Languages[edit | edit source]

Main article: Languages of Armenia

Armenian is the sole official language.

As per 2001 census data, Armenian is most widely spoken at 97.7%, Kurdish at 1%, Russian at 0.9%, among others at 0.4%.

As per 2011 census data, native languages were reported as follows: Armenian – 2,956,615, Yezidian – 30,973, Russian – 23,484, Assyrian – 2,402, Kurdish – 2,030.[18]

Armenia is a member of La Francophonie, and hosted its annual summit in 2018.[37]

The largest communities of the Armenian diaspora, are fluent in Russian and English.

## Religions[edit | edit source]

Main article: Religion in Armenia

Most Armenians are Christians, primarily of the Apostolic Church rite. Armenia is considered the first nation to officially adopt Christianity, which was first preached in Armenia by two Apostles of Jesus, St. Bartholomew and St. Thaddeus in the 1st century. The Armenian Apostolic Church can trace its roots back to the 3rd and 4th centuries. The country formally adopted the Christian faith in 301 A.D. Over 90% of Armenians belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church. Armenia also has a population of Catholics and Evangelical Protestants.

According to the census of 2011, the primary religions in Armenia is the following: Christianity 2,862,366 (94.8%) of whom 2,797,187 Armenian Apostolic (92.5%), 29,280 Evangelical, 13,996 Armenian and Roman (Latin) Catholic, 8,695 Jehovah's Witness, 8,587 Eastern Orthodox (Russian, Ukrainian, Georgian, Greek), 2,874 Molokan (non-Orthodox Russians), 1,733 Assyrian Church of the East (Nestorian), 733 Protestant, 241 Mormon, Yazidism (0.8%), Paganism (0.2%), 812 Islam, 5,299 Other Religion (0.2%), 121,587 No Response (4%).[38]

## Migration[edit | edit source]

File:Net migration per 1000 in Armenia.png

Annual net migration rate (per 1000 population). Source data and projections (2019) from UN.

Compared to its neighbouring countries, Armenia has the highest share of immigrants (6.5% of total population, 2017 data).[16]

The estimated number of population net migration is −24.8 thousand persons, according to the Integrated living conditions survey of households of 2016; for urban population −13.8 thousand and for rural population −11.0 thousand persons.[1]

24.9% of households were involved in external and internal migration processes over the period of 2013– 2016. Migration directions were distributed as follows: 12% – internal, 10.5% – Republic of Artsakh, rest (76.4%) – international (of which 89.8% – Russia). Among household members of age 15 and above, who left their permanent residence in 2013–2016 for 3 months and longer and had not returned as of 2016, 11.9% were in Armenia, 13.0% in Artsakh, and 75.1% in other countries, predominantly in Russia. More than 54% of migrant household members of the age 15 years and above sent money and/ or goods to their families/relatives/friends within 12 months preceding the survey.[39]

According to 2019 UN data, the emigration rate averaged annually around 1.7 per 1000 inhabitants in years 2015–2020 and is expected to remain the same until year 2045. These are below average emigration rate of 11.5 per 1000 in years 2000–2010 and even below the emigration rate of 3.2 per 1000 in years 1980–1985.[40]

## Wealth and poverty[edit | edit source]

### Inequality[edit | edit source]

Out of 41 emerging economies, Armenia was among only four, which recorded rising inequality (measured by Gini coefficient) in years 2007–2015.[41]

### Wealth[edit | edit source]

According to Global Wealth Report, prepared by Credit Suisse, mean wealth per adult in Armenia in 2019 is estimated at $19,517 (rising 9 times from estimated $2,177 in year 2000). Mean wealth per adult in Armenia surpasses corresponding values for neighboring countries Georgia and Azerbaijan by over 50%, all CIS countries except Russia and Kazakhstan, and neighboring Iran. Growth rate of mean wealth per adult between 2000 and 2019 with the value of 9 times beats all neighboring countries, most of CIS countries as well as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.[42][43]

Median wealth per adult is reported at $8,309 in 2019, above the world average, rising 9.6 times from $862 in year 2000.[42][43]

Between 2000 and 2019, average debts per adult grew 28.7 times to $1,261, or 6.5% of wealth per adult (below the 11.9% world average).[42][43]

55% of adults own less than $10,000, 42.7% — $10,000–$100,000, 2.2% — $100,000–$1 million and 0.1% — over $1 million. The share of adults owning less than $10,000 with the value of 55% is less than corresponding value in each of CIS countries, neighboring Iran and Turkey, as well as the world average. Gini coefficient for wealth is reported at 66.3%, less than 82.4% the European average and 88.5% the world average.[42][43]

### Poverty[edit | edit source]

See also: Social issues in Armenia

As much as 53.5 % of the country’s population was officially considered poor in 2004. Poverty fell significantly in the following years amid double-digit economic growth that came to an end with the onset of the global financial crisis in late 2008. It soared to almost 36% in 2010, one year after Armenia’s Gross Domestic Product shrunk by over 14%. Afterwards, there was a decreasing trend throughout the last years reaching 23.5% in 2018, down from 25.7% in 2017.[44]

The poverty indicators in Shirak, Lori, Kotayk, Tavush and Armavir provinces are higher than the country average. The highest poverty rate in the country has been recorded in Shirak province, where 46% of the population is below the poverty line. To overcome poverty, Armenia would need AMD 63.2 billion, or an amount equal to 1.2% of GDP, in addition to the resources already allocated for social assistance, assuming that such assistance would be efficiently targeted to the poor.[26]

In terms of the international poverty line corresponding to US$1.25 in 2005 PPP, poverty in Armenia went down from 19.3% in the year 2001 to 1.5% in the year 2008 and remained nearly unchanged until the year 2015 moving in the range of 1.5% – 2.7%.[26]

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Assyrians in Armenia
* Censuses of Armenia
* Demographics of the Republic of Artsakh
* Ethnic minorities in Armenia
* Greeks in Armenia
* Health in Armenia
* List of European countries by population
* Lom people
* Peoples of the Caucasus
* Russians in Armenia
* Social protection in Armenia
* Yazidis in Armenia

## Notes[edit | edit source]

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h "The Demographic Handbook of Armenia, 2017 – Summary" (PDF). n.d.
2. ^ "PART 8: POPULATION CENSUS" (PDF). Statistical Committee of the Republic of Armenia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 July 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2022. "1989 Population Census in Armenian SSR was conducted in exceptionally difficult condition which negatively affected not only the preparation and conduct, but the results of population census, leading to undercount of the population number. Due to the latter, the results of 1989 population census were not used as basis for population current enumeration and population current enumeration of the republic was continued to be conducted based on 1979 Population Census data"
3. ^ Korkotyan, Zaven (1932). Խորհրդային Հայաստանի բնակչությունը վերջին հարյուրամյակում (1831-1931) [The population of Soviet Armenia in the last century (1831-1931)] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Pethrat. pp. 164–167. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2022.
4. ^ The Impact of Soviet Policies in Armenia, Mary Allerton Kilbourne Matossian, page 12, Brill Archive 1955
5. ^ A Modern History of Transcaucasian Armenia: Social, Cultural, and Political, Manuel Sarkisyanz, Brill (Distribution), 1975, page 61
6. ^ a b The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity. Edmund Herzig, Marina Kurkchiyan. London: RoutledgeCurzon. 2005. p. 113\. ISBN 0-203-00493-0. OCLC 229988654.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
7. ^ (in Russian) The All-Union Population Census of 1926. Demoscope.ru
8. ^ 1\. BRIEF HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE CENSUSES CONDUCTED PREVIOUSLY IN ARMENIA (PDF). Yerevan: Hayastani vichakagrakan komite. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2022.
9. ^ Information from the 2001 Armenian National Census
10. ^ "THE RESULTS OF 2011 POPULATION CENSUS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA (FIGURES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA), trilingual / Armenian Statistical Service of Republic of Armenia". www.armstat.am. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
11. ^ Pipes, Richard (1959). "Demographic and Ethnographic Changes in Transcaucasia, 1897-1956". Middle East Journal. Middle East Institute. 13 (1): 48. JSTOR 4323084 - via JSTOR.
12. ^ Korkotyan, Zaven (1932). Խորհրդային Հայաստանի բնակչությունը վերջին հարյուրամյակում (1831-1931) [The population of Soviet Armenia in the last century (1831-1931)] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Pethrat. pp. 164–184. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2022.
13. ^ The Armenians : past and present in the making of national identity. Edmund Herzig, Marina Kurkchiyan. London: RoutledgeCurzon. 2005. pp. 115–117. ISBN 0-203-00493-0. OCLC 229988654.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
14. ^ Mirzoyan, Gamlet Mirzoyan (2009). "Sovetskiyi praviteli Armenii. Grigory Arutunov". Noyev Kovcheg. 3: 138. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
15. ^ "Постановление N 754 Совета министров СССР «О мероприятиях по переселению колхозников и другого азербайджанского населения из Армянской ССР в Кура-Араксинскую низменность Азербайджанской ССР» от 10 марта 1948 г." www.hrono.info. Retrieved 10 September 2021. "Council of Ministers of the USSR dated March 10, 1948 "On measures for the resettlement of collective farmers and other Azerbaijani population from the Armenian SSR to the Kura-Aras lowland of the Azerbaijan SSR.""
16. ^ a b c d e f "Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update" (PDF). n.d. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
17. ^ "Ranking all countries – Sustainable Society Index". Retrieved 2 December 2019.
18. ^ a b "Armenian 2011 census data, chapter 5" (PDF). n.d. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
19. ^ "World Development Indicators – Google Public Data Explorer". n.d. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
20. ^ "World Development Indicators – Google Public Data Explorer". n.d. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
21. ^ d_zykin (2 January 2016). "Продолжительность жизни по республикам СССР". Журнал Летучего Мыша: каждому свое и подобное к подобному. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
22. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". n.d. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
23. ^ "The DHS Program – Quality information to plan, monitor and improve population, health, and nutrition programs". dhsprogram.com.
24. ^ "Map". Retrieved 7 February 2018.
25. ^ h"Demographic Yearbook – 2020". New York: United Nations Statistics Division. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
26. ^ a b c "Social Snapshot and Poverty in Armenia, 2017, Part 1: Poverty Profile in 2008–2016" (PDF). n.d. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
27. ^ "Share of rural population in Europe (animation)". n.d. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
28. ^ B.R. Mitchell. International historical statistics 1750–2005: Africa. Asia and Oceania
29. ^ "Demographic Yearbook". United Nations Statistics Division.[not specific enough to verify]
30. ^ "Statistical Committee of Armenia". armstat.am.
31. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". demoscope.ru.
32. ^ "The Demographic Handbook of Armenia, 2019 / Statistical Committee of Armenia". armstat.am.
33. ^ Baten, Jörg (2016). A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present. Cambridge University Press. p. 265\. ISBN 9781107507180.
34. ^ "Main Demographic Indicators" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
35. ^ "ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ՓՈՔՐԱՄԱՍՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆՈՒ". Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
36. ^ Garnik Asatryan and Victoria Arakelova, The Ethnic Minorities of Armenia Archived 8 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Routledge, part of the OSCE, 2002
37. ^ "La Francophonie Ministerial Conference kicks off with moment of silence in honor of late Charles Aznavour". n.d.
38. ^ "ՀՀ մշտական բնակչության սեռատարիքային կազմն ըստ քաղաքային եւ գյուղական բաշխվածության" (PDF). 2011.
39. ^ "The Demographic Handbook of Armenia, 2017 – Migration" (PDF). n.d. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
40. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division". United Nations. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
41. ^ "World Development Report 2019" (PDF). n.d. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
42. ^ a b c d "Global wealth report". Credit Suisse. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
43. ^ a b c d "Global wealth databook 2019" (PDF). n.d. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
44. ^ "Armenian Government Reports Further Drop In Poverty" azatutyun.am

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* Population cartogram of Armenia
* Khachatryan, Anush; Karapetyan, Arsen: "Public Green Space in Armenian Cities: A Legal Analysis" in the Ccaucasus Analytical Digest No. 23

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