Demographics of Myanmar

Population pyramid of Myanmar in 2020

Population| 57,526,449 (2022 est.)
Growth rate| 0.78% (2022 est.)
Birth rate| 16.34 births/1,000 population
Death rate| 16.34 births/1,000 population
Life expectancy| 69.92 years
• male| 68.27 years
• female| 71.67 years
Fertility rate| 2.02 children
Infant mortality rate| 32.94 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate| -1.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Sex ratio
Total| 0.97 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth| 1.06 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality| Burmese
Major ethnic| Burman (Bamar) (68%)

File:Ethnolinguistic map of Burma 1972 en.svg

An ethnolinguistic map of Burma.

This is a demography of Myanmar (also known as Burma) including statistics such as population, ethnicity, language, education level and religious affiliation.

File:Population of Myanmar.png

Population of Myanmar by census

## Contents

* 1 Population
* 1.1 1983 census
* 1.2 2014 census
* 2 Vital statistics
* 2.1 Births and deaths
* 2.2 Fertility and births
* 2.3 Structure of the population
* 2.4 Life expectancy
* 3 Ethnic groups
* 3.1 Government classifications
* 4 Language
* 5 Religious affiliation
* 5.1 Buddhist Sangha
* 6 CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
* 6.1 Age structure
* 6.2 Median age
* 6.3 Population growth rate
* 6.4 Urbanisation
* 6.5 Human sex ratios
* 6.6 Life expectancy
* 6.7 Obesity - adult prevalence rate
* 6.8 Children under the age of 5 years underweight
* 6.9 Literacy
* 7 Education expenditures
* 8 Notes
* 9 References

## Population[edit | edit source]

### 1983 census[edit | edit source]

At the time of the 1983 census in Burma, as of 31 March 1983, the population was 35,442,972. As of July 2012[update], this was estimated by the CIA World Factbook to have increased to 60,584,650. Other estimates put place the total population at around 60 million. China's People's Daily reported that Burma had a census in 2007, and at the end of 2009 has 59.2 million people, and growing at 2% annually.[1] with exception for Cyclone Nargis in 2008. Most of these estimates have indeed overlooked the demographic changes that were at work since the 1970s in the country.[2][3][4]

Britain-based human rights agencies place the population as high as 70 million. Estimates for the country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS. This can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected.

No trustworthy census has occurred since the 1930s. In the 1940s, the detailed census results were destroyed during the Japanese invasion of 1942. Census results after that time have been flawed by civil wars and a series of military governments. The census in 1983 occurred at a time when parts of the country were controlled by insurgent groups and inaccessible to the government.

### 2014 census[edit | edit source]

Main article: 2014 Myanmar Census

The Provisional results of the 2014 census show that the total population of Myanmar is 51,419,420—a population well below the official estimates of more than 60 million.[3][4] This total population includes 50,213,067 persons counted during the census and an estimated 1,206,353 persons in parts of northern Rakhine State, Kachin State and Kayin State who were not counted. More females (51.8%) were counted than males (48.2%). People who were out of the country at the time of the census are not included in these figures.

The provisional census results indicated that there were 10,889,348 households in Myanmar. On average, 4.4 people lived in each household in the country. The average household size was highest in Kachin State and Chin State at 5.1. The lowest household sizes were observed in Ayeyawady Region, Bago Region, Magway Region and Naypyidaw Union Territory, each at 4.1.[5]

## Vital statistics[edit | edit source]

Burma has a low fertility rate (2.23 in 2011), slightly above replacement level, especially as compared to other Southeast Asian countries of similar economic standing, like Cambodia (3.18) and Laos (4.41), representing a significant decline from 4.7 in 1983 to 2.4 in 2001, despite the absence of any national population policy.[2][4][6][7]

The fertility rate is much pronouncedly lower in urban areas. This is attributed to extreme delays in marriage (almost unparalleled in the region, with the exception of developed countries), the prevalence of illegal abortions, and the high proportion of single, unmarried women of reproductive age (with 25.9% of women aged 30–34 and 33.1% of men and women aged 25–34 single).[7][8]

These patterns stem from several cultural and economic dynamics. The first is economic hardship, which results in the delay of marriage and family-building (the average age of marriage in Burma is 27.5 for men, 26.4 for women).[7][8] The second is the social acceptability of celibacy among the Burmese, who are predominantly Buddhist and value celibacy as a means of spiritual development.[6][9]

### Births and deaths[edit | edit source]

Year[10] | Live births per year  | Deaths per year  | Natural change per year  | CBR1 | CDR1 | NC1 | TFR1 | IMR1

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1950  |  808 000  |  496 000  |  312 000  | 45.6  | 28.0  | 17.6  | 5.95  | 213.7
1951  |  820 000  |  499 000  |  321 000  | 45.4  | 27.6  | 17.8  | 5.95  | 209.8
1952  |  832 000  |  485 000  |  347 000  | 45.2  | 26.4  | 18.9  | 5.95  | 201.1
1953  |  845 000  |  478 000  |  367 000  | 45.1  | 25.5  | 19.6  | 5.96  | 193.6
1954  |  858 000  |  469 000  |  389 000  | 44.8  | 24.5  | 20.3  | 5.97  | 186.7
1955  |  868 000  |  463 000  |  404 000  | 44.5  | 23.7  | 20.7  | 5.97  | 180.6
1956  |  879 000  |  458 000  |  421 000  | 44.1  | 23.0  | 21.1  | 5.98  | 175.2
1957  |  891 000  |  456 000  |  435 000  | 43.8  | 22.4  | 21.4  | 5.99  | 170.5
1958  |  900 000  |  452 000  |  447 000  | 43.3  | 21.7  | 21.5  | 5.99  | 166.4
1959  |  908 000  |  451 000  |  457 000  | 42.7  | 21.2  | 21.5  | 5.99  | 162.8
1960  |  917 000  |  449 000  |  467 000  | 42.2  | 20.7  | 21.5  | 5.98  | 159.3
1961  |  926 000  |  449 000  |  477 000  | 41.7  | 20.2  | 21.5  | 5.98  | 155.7
1962  |  938 000  |  447 000  |  491 000  | 41.3  | 19.7  | 21.6  | 5.99  | 151.7
1963  |  948 000  |  445 000  |  503 000  | 40.9  | 19.2  | 21.7  | 5.99  | 147.4
1964  |  960 000  |  439 000  |  521 000  | 40.4  | 18.5  | 22.0  | 5.99  | 142.3
1965  |  974 000  |  431 000  |  543 000  | 40.1  | 17.8  | 22.3  | 5.99  | 136.9
1966  |  983 000  |  425 000  |  559 000  | 39.6  | 17.1  | 22.5  | 5.96  | 131.3
1967  |  996 000  |  418 000  |  578 000  | 39.1  | 16.4  | 22.7  | 5.92  | 126.2
1968  |  1 007 000  |  413 000  |  594 000  | 38.7  | 15.9  | 22.8  | 5.87  | 121.8
1969  |  1 019 000  |  417 000  |  601 000  | 38.2  | 15.7  | 22.6  | 5.81  | 119.6
1970  |  1 032 000  |  420 000  |  612 000  | 37.8  | 15.4  | 22.4  | 5.75  | 117.8
1971  |  1 046 000  |  420 000  |  625 000  | 37.5  | 15.1  | 22.4  | 5.68  | 115.9
1972  |  1 056 000  |  424 000  |  632 000  | 37.0  | 14.9  | 22.1  | 5.59  | 113.8
1973  |  1 066 000  |  426 000  |  640 000  | 36.5  | 14.6  | 21.9  | 5.49  | 111.8
1974  |  1 069 000  |  427 000  |  643 000  | 35.9  | 14.3  | 21.6  | 5.38  | 109.7
1975  |  1 078 000  |  429 000  |  649 000  | 35.5  | 14.1  | 21.4  | 5.29  | 107.8
1976  |  1 088 000  |  428 000  |  659 000  | 35.1  | 13.8  | 21.3  | 5.21  | 105.7
1977  |  1 096 000  |  430 000  |  666 000  | 34.7  | 13.6  | 21.1  | 5.12  | 103.7
1978  |  1 105 000  |  435 000  |  670 000  | 34.3  | 13.5  | 20.8  | 5.02  | 102.0
1979  |  1 117 000  |  434 000  |  683 000  | 34.0  | 13.2  | 20.8  | 4.94  | 99.9
1980  |  1 122 000  |  434 000  |  687 000  | 33.5  | 13.0  | 20.5  | 4.83  | 98.0
1981  |  1 129 000  |  437 000  |  692 000  | 33.1  | 12.8  | 20.3  | 4.73  | 96.2
1982  |  1 145 000  |  439 000  |  706 000  | 32.9  | 12.6  | 20.3  | 4.67  | 94.5
1983  |  1 162 000  |  443 000  |  719 000  | 32.8  | 12.5  | 20.3  | 4.62  | 92.8
1984  |  1 169 000  |  447 000  |  722 000  | 32.3  | 12.4  | 20.0  | 4.50  | 91.3
1985  |  1 153 000  |  450 000  |  702 000  | 31.3  | 12.2  | 19.1  | 4.30  | 89.9
1986  |  1 133 000  |  452 000  |  681 000  | 30.2  | 12.0  | 18.1  | 4.09  | 88.4
1987  |  1 112 000  |  453 000  |  659 000  | 29.1  | 11.8  | 17.2  | 3.89  | 87.0
1988  |  1 094 000  |  459 000  |  636 000  | 28.1  | 11.8  | 16.4  | 3.71  | 85.5
1989  |  1 102 000  |  455 000  |  646 000  | 27.9  | 11.5  | 16.4  | 3.64  | 83.9
1990  |  1 102 000  |  461 000  |  641 000  | 27.5  | 11.5  | 16.0  | 3.54  | 82.3
1991  |  1 101 000  |  461 000  |  640 000  | 27.0  | 11.3  | 15.7  | 3.45  | 80.8
1992  |  1 096 000  |  462 000  |  634 000  | 26.6  | 11.2  | 15.4  | 3.36  | 79.1
1993  |  1 092 000  |  461 000  |  631 000  | 26.1  | 11.0  | 15.1  | 3.28  | 77.3
1994  |  1 082 000  |  461 000  |  621 000  | 25.5  | 10.9  | 14.7  | 3.19  | 75.6
1995  |  1 072 000  |  461 000  |  611 000  | 25.0  | 10.7  | 14.2  | 3.11  | 74.0
1996  |  1 068 000  |  452 000  |  616 000  | 24.6  | 10.4  | 14.2  | 3.04  | 72.2
1997  |  1 059 000  |  453 000  |  606 000  | 24.1  | 10.3  | 13.8  | 2.96  | 70.6
1998  |  1 051 000  |  448 000  |  603 000  | 23.6  | 10.1  | 13.5  | 2.89  | 69.0
1999  |  1 046 000  |  454 000  |  592 000  | 23.2  | 10.1  | 13.1  | 2.83  | 67.4
2000  |  1 046 000  |  456 000  |  590 000  | 22.9  | 10.0  | 12.9  | 2.79  | 65.9
2001  |  1 059 000  |  458 000  |  601 000  | 23.0  | 9.9  | 13.0  | 2.78  | 64.3
2002  |  1 071 000  |  460 000  |  612 000  | 23.0  | 9.9  | 13.1  | 2.78  | 62.8
2003  |  1 054 000  |  461 000  |  593 000  | 22.4  | 9.8  | 12.6  | 2.70  | 61.1
2004  |  1 033 000  |  462 000  |  571 000  | 21.8  | 9.7  | 12.0  | 2.62  | 59.5
2005  |  1 016 000  |  460 000  |  556 000  | 21.3  | 9.6  | 11.6  | 2.55  | 57.8
2006  |  1 004 000  |  461 000  |  543 000  | 20.8  | 9.6  | 11.3  | 2.50  | 56.0
2007  |  1 000 000  |  457 000  |  543 000  | 20.6  | 9.4  | 11.2  | 2.48  | 54.2
2008  |  984 000  |  593 000  |  391 000  | 20.2  | 12.1  | 8.0  | 2.43  | 62.8
2009  |  973 000  |  451 000  |  521 000  | 19.8  | 9.2  | 10.6  | 2.39  | 50.5
2010  |  960 000  |  456 000  |  504 000  | 19.4  | 9.2  | 10.2  | 2.35  | 48.7
2011  |  952 000  |  450 000  |  502 000  | 19.1  | 9.0  | 10.1  | 2.31  | 46.9
2012  |  943 000  |  453 000  |  489 000  | 18.8  | 9.0  | 9.7  | 2.27  | 45.2
2013  |  941 000  |  446 000  |  495 000  | 18.6  | 8.8  | 9.8  | 2.26  | 43.5
2014  |  941 000  |  450 000  |  491 000  | 18.4  | 8.8  | 9.6  | 2.24  | 42.0
2015  |  948 000  |  447 000  |  501 000  | 18.4  | 8.7  | 9.7  | 2.25  | 40.7
2016  |  952 000  |  455 000  |  497 000  | 18.3  | 8.8  | 9.6  | 2.25  | 39.4
2017  |  949 000  |  461 000  |  488 000  | 18.1  | 8.8  | 9.3  | 2.23  | 38.1
2018  |  942 000  |  455 000  |  488 000  | 17.9  | 8.6  | 9.2  | 2.21  | 36.9
2019  |  938 000  |  461 000  |  476 000  | 17.7  | 8.7  | 9.0  | 2.20  | 35.7
2020  |  928 000  |  471 000  |  457 000  | 17.4  | 8.8  | 8.5  | 2.17  | 34.6
2021  |  920 000  |  526 000  |  395 000  | 17.1  | 9.8  | 7.3  | 2.15  | 33.7
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

### Fertility and births[edit | edit source]

Further information: List of townships of Myanmar by total fertility rate

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[11]

Year  | CBR (Total)  | TFR (Total)  | CBR (Urban)  | TFR (Urban)  | CBR (Rural)  | TFR (Rural)

|
|
|
|
|
|

2015–2016  | 18  | 2.3 (2.0)  | 16  | 1.9 (1.7)  | 18.8  | 2.4 (2.1)

Crude Birth Rate (CBR), Total Fertility Rate (TFR), and Total Marital Fertility Rate (TMFR) by region (2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census):[12]

Region | Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | Total Marital Fertility Rate (TMFR)

|
|
|

Total (Myanmar) | 18.8 | 2.29 | 4.0
Urban | 15.8 | 1.79 | 3.6
Rural | 20.1 | 2.52 | 4.2
Kachin | 22.0 | 2.82 | 5.1
Kayah | 26.1 | 3.34 | 5.7
Kayin | 23.8 | 3.43 | 5.4
Chin | 29.9 | 4.37 | 6.9
Sagaing | 19.4 | 2.32 | 4.4
Tanintharyi | 21.9 | 2.98 | 5.0
Bago | 17.6 | 2.19 | 3.6
Magway | 17.6 | 2.07 | 3.8
Mandalay | 16.9 | 1.94 | 3.7
Mon | 18.1 | 2.44 | 4.2
Rakhine | 18.0 | 2.24 | 3.5
Yangon | 15.5 | 1.72 | 3.3
Shan | 21.2 | 2.67 | 4.3
Ayeyawady | 20.2 | 2.58 | 4.1
Naypyitaw | 18.7 | 2.15 | 3.4

### Structure of the population[edit | edit source]

Structure of the population (01.10.2012) (Estimates):[13][14]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 30 139 447  | 30 836 546  | 60 975 993  | 100
0-4  | 2 892 346  | 2 843 804  | 5 736 150  | 9.41
5-9  | 3 019 538  | 2 933 751  | 5 953 054  | 9.76
10-14  | 3 061 725  | 2 939 751  | 6 001 476  | 9.84
15-19  | 2 939 176  | 2 830 830  | 5 770 006  | 9.46
20-24  | 2 804 028  | 2 729 466  | 5 533 494  | 9.07
25-29  | 2 608 652  | 2 578 175  | 5 186 827  | 8.51
30-34  | 2 378 395  | 2 414 221  | 4 792 616  | 7.86
35-39  | 2 134 820  | 2 212 315  | 4 347 135  | 7.13
40-44  | 1 868 709  | 1 984 907  | 3 853 616  | 6.32
45-49  | 1 604 910  | 1 737 570  | 3 342 480  | 5.48
50-54  | 1 325 584  | 1 459 978  | 2 785 562  | 4.57
55-59  | 1 081 479  | 1 213 529  | 2 295 008  | 3.76
60-64  | 838 871  | 962 728  | 1 801 599  | 2.95
65-69  | 647 286  | 766 066  | 1 413 352  | 2.32
70-74  | 477 948  | 593 666  | 1 071 614  | 1.76
75-79  | 335 405  | 449 974  | 785 379  | 1.29
80+  | 120 575  | 186 050  | 306 625  | 0.50
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0-14  | 8 973 609  | 8 717 306  | 17 690 915  | 29.01
15-64  | 19 584 624  | 20 123 484  | 39 708 108  | 65.12
65+  | 1 581 214  | 1 995 756  | 3 576 970  | 5.87

Structure of the population (2014) (Census) Population - 51 486 253, enumerated - 50 279 900 :

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 24 228 714  | 26 051 186  | 50 279 900  | 100
0-4  | 2 262 783  | 2 209 347  | 4 472 130  | 8.89
5-9  | 2 438 372  | 2 380 705  | 4 819 077  | 9.58
10-14  | 2 595 759  | 2 512 613  | 5 108 362  | 10.16
15-19  | 2 290 998  | 2 334 991  | 4 625 989  | 9.20
20-24  | 2 091 525  | 2 239 544  | 4 331 069  | 8.61
25-29  | 1 995 465  | 2 150 669  | 4 146 134  | 8.25
30-34  | 1 884 549  | 2 014 312  | 3 898 861  | 7.75
35-39  | 1 705 630  | 1 857 850  | 3 563 480  | 7.09
40-44  | 1 548 942  | 1 734 131  | 3 283 073  | 6.53
45-49  | 1 375 041  | 1 571 107  | 2 946 148  | 5.86
50-54  | 1 182 341  | 1 376 891  | 2 559 232  | 5.09
55-59  | 935 979  | 1 115 958  | 2 051 937  | 4.08
60-64  | 712 040  | 864 805  | 1 576 845  | 3.14
65-69  | 466 618  | 597 875  | 1 064 493  | 2.12
70-74  | 301 679  | 411 491  | 713 170  | 1.42
75-79  | 228 315  | 324 983  | 553 298  | 1.10
80-84  | 130 875  | 204 701  | 335 576  | 0.67
85-89  | 56 979  | 101 090  | 158 069  | 0.31
90+  | 24 834  | 48 123  | 72 957  | 0.15
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0-14  | 7 296 904  | 7 102 665  | 14 399 569  | 28.64
15-64  | 15 722 510  | 17 260 258  | 32 982 768  | 65.60
65+  | 1 209 300  | 1 688 263  | 2 897 563  | 5.76

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.X.2020): [15]

Age Group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

Total  | 26 253 029  | 28 564 888  | 54 817 917  | 100
0–4  | 2 530 919  | 2 466 636  | 4 997 555  | 9.12
5–9  | 2 440 079  | 2 391 031  | 4 831 110  | 8.81
10–14  | 2 498 690  | 2 434 982  | 4 933 672  | 9.00
15–19  | 2 580 205  | 2 502 427  | 5 082 632  | 9.27
20–24  | 2 303 893  | 2 352 534  | 4 656 427  | 8.49
25–29  | 2 048 287  | 2 234 735  | 4 283 022  | 7.81
30–34  | 1 933 997  | 2 157 191  | 4 091 188  | 7.46
35–39  | 1 848 391  | 2 048 816  | 3 897 207  | 7.11
40–44  | 1 686 627  | 1 892 346  | 3 578 973  | 6.53
45–49  | 1 524 718  | 1 764 361  | 3 289 079  | 6.00
50–54  | 1 352 184  | 1 607 900  | 2 960 084  | 5.40
55–59  | 1 155 216  | 1 413 151  | 2 568 367  | 4.69
60–64  | 896 135  | 1 145 018  | 2 041 153  | 3.72
65-69  | 640 767  | 863 956  | 1 504 723  | 2.74
70-74  | 395 453  | 576 158  | 971 611  | 1.77
75-79  | 211 626  | 342 884  | 554 510  | 1.01
80-84  | 124 414  | 213 715  | 338 129  | 0.62
85-89  | 61 122  | 113 105  | 174 227  | 0.32
90+  | 20 306  | 43 942  | 64 248  | 0.12
Age group  | Male  | Female  | Total  | Percent
0–14  | 7 469 688  | 7 292 649  | 14 762 337  | 26.93
15–64  | 17 329 653  | 19 118 479  | 36 448 132  | 66.49
65+  | 1 453 688  | 2 153 760  | 3 607 448  | 6.58

### Life expectancy[edit | edit source]

Period  | Life expectancy in
Years  | Period  | Life expectancy in
Years

|
|
|

1950–1955  | 36.1  | 1985–1990  | 57.8
1955–1960  | 41.3  | 1990–1995  | 59.6
1960–1965  | 44.2  | 1995–2000  | 61.3
1965–1970  | 49.6  | 2000–2005  | 62.9
1970–1975  | 51.9  | 2005–2010  | 64.3
1975–1980  | 54.0  | 2010–2015  | 66.0
1980–1985  | 56.0  |  |

Source: UN World Population Prospects[16]

## Ethnic groups[edit | edit source]

Main article: List of ethnic groups in Myanmar

Ethnic Composition in Burma * Estimates

ethnic group or race |  | percent
Burman |

| 68%
Shan |

| 9%
Karen |

| 7%
Other groups |

| 2.5%
Rakhine |

| 1.7%
Han-Chinese |

| 2.5%
Mon |

| 2%
Kachin |

| 1.5%
Indians |

| 2.5%
Kayah |

| 0.75%

### Government classifications[edit | edit source]

The Burmese government identifies eight major national ethnic races (which comprise 135 "distinct" ethnic groups), which include the Burman (58%), Shan (10%), Karen (7%), Rakhine (4%), Mon (3%), Kayah (1.5%), and Kachin (1.3%). However, the government classification system is flawed, because it groups ethnic groups by geography, rather than by linguistic or genetic similarity (e.g. the Kokang are under the Shan ethnicity, although they are a Han-Chinese sub-group).

Unrecognised ethnic groups include Burmese Han-Chinese and Burmese Indians, who form 3% and 2% of the population respectively. The remaining 5% of the population belong to small ethnic groups such as the remnants of the Anglo-Burmese and Anglo-Indian communities, as well as the Lisu, Rawang, Naga, Padaung, Burmese Gurkha, Moken, and many minorities across Shan State.

## Language[edit | edit source]

Main article: Languages of Burma

The official language and primary medium of instruction of Burma is Burmese (65%). Multiple languages are spoken in Burma, and include Shan (7.4%), Karen (6.2%),Hindi or Urdu(4.3%), Kachin (2.1%),Chinese(2%) Chin (1.6%), Bengali(1.3%), Mon (1.8%), and Rakhine (2%),Nepali(1%),and English is also spoken as a second language, particularly by the educated urban elite, and is the secondary language learnt in government schools. Recent years, the education of Chinese language has been recovered, after long-term limitation from the government of Myanmar.

## Religious affiliation[edit | edit source]

Further information: Religion in Myanmar

Religious
group  | Population
% 1973[17] | Population
% 1983[17] | Population
% 2014[17][note 1]

|
|
|

Buddhism  | 88.8% | 89.4% | 87.9%
Christianity  | 4.6% | 4.9% | 6.2%
Islam  | 3.9% | 3.9% | 4.3%
Hinduism  | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5%
Tribal religions  | 2.2% | 1.2% | 0.8%
Other religions  | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2%
Not religious  | n/a | n/a | 0.1%

Religion in Myanmar Faith | %
(2008 est.)

|

Total Buddhism | 89%
Theravada Buddhism | 89%
Mahayana Buddhism | <1%
Total Christianity | 4%
Baptist | 3%
Roman Catholicism | 1%
Total Islam | 4%
Sunni Islam | 4%
Shia Islam | ＞0%
Total other religions | <1%
Animism | 1%
Other (inc. Hinduism) | 2%

### Buddhist Sangha[edit | edit source]

Below are statistics regarding the Buddhist monastic community in Myanmar, compiled by the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee.[18]

Sangha in Myanmar Division  | Samanera members  | %  | Bhikkhu members  | %  | Sangha members  | %

|
|
|
|
|
|

Kachin State | 3,121  | 1.2%  | 4,845  | 1.7%  | 7,966  | 1.5%
Kayah State | 1,300  | 0.5%  | 760  | 0.3%  | 2,060  | 0.4%
Kayin State | 5,967  | 2.4%  | 8,113  | 2.9%  | 14,080  | 2.6%
Chin State | 157  | 0.1%  | 300  | 0.1%  | 457  | 0.1%
Sagaing Region | 25,050  | 9.9%  | 29,991  | 10.6%  | 55,041  | 10.3%
Tanintharyi Region | 3,009  | 1.2%  | 6,086  | 2.2%  | 9,095  | 1.7%
Naypyidaw Union Territory | 5,713  | 2.3%  | 5,243  | 1.9%  | 10,956  | 2%
Bago Region | 18,032  | 7.1%  | 32,166  | 11.4%  | 50,198  | 9.4%
Magway Region | 13,654  | 5.4%  | 17,695  | 6.3%  | 31,349  | 5.9%
Mandalay Region | 47,217  | 18.7%  | 52,747  | 18.7%  | 99,964  | 18.7%
Mon State | 13,466  | 5.3%  | 19,303  | 6.8%  | 32,769  | 6.1%
Rakhine State | 6,395  | 2.5%  | 6,548  | 2.3%  | 12,943  | 2.4%
Yangon Region | 36,654  | 14.5%  | 51,788  | 18.3%  | 88,442  | 16.5%
Shan State | 57,850  | 22.9%  | 19,663  | 7%  | 77,513  | 14.5%
Ayeyawady Region | 15,377  | 6.1%  | 27,117  | 9.6%  | 42,494  | 7.9%
Subtotal  | 252,962  | 100%  | 282,365  | 100%  | 535,227  | 100%
Thilashin in Myanmar Division  | Thilashin members  | %

|
|

Kachin State | 1,103  | 1.8%
Kayah State | 303  | 0.5%
Kayin State | 1,000  | 1.7%
Chin State | 43  | 0.1%
Sagaing Region | 9,915  | 16.4%
Tanintharyi Region | 978  | 1.6%
Naypyidaw Union Territory | 923  | 1.5%
Bago Region | 5,100  | 8.4%
Magway Region | 2,473  | 4.1%
Mandalay Region | 8,174  | 13.5%
Mon State | 3,550  | 5.9%
Rakhine State | 534  | 0.9%
Yangon Region | 16,960  | 28.1%
Shan State | 3,814  | 6.3%
Ayeyawady Region | 5,520  | 9.1%
Subtotal  | 60,390  | 100%

## CIA World Factbook demographic statistics[edit | edit source]

File:Myanmar demography.png

Demographics of Burma, Data of FAO, year 2009 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

### Age structure[edit | edit source]

* 0–14 years: 26.85% (male 7,567,976/female 7,233,577)
* 15-24 years: 17.75% (male 4,917,290/female 4,865,264)
* 25-54 years: 42.36% (male 11,426,913/female 11,922,728)
* 55-64 years: 7.52% (male 1,930,253/female 2,213,263)
* 65 years and over: 5.53% (male 1,327,811/female 1,718,739) (2017 est.)

### Median age[edit | edit source]

* total: 28.2 years (2017 est.)

### Population growth rate[edit | edit source]

0.91% (2017 est.)

### Urbanisation[edit | edit source]

See also: Myanmar § Largest cities

* urban population: 29.6% of total population (2014 census)
* rate of urbanisation: 2.9% of annual rate of change (2010–15 est.)

### Human sex ratios[edit | edit source]

* at birth: 1.06 males/female
* under 15 years: 1.03 males/female
* 15–64 years: 0.98 male/female
* 65 years and over: 0.75 male/female (2009 est.)
* total population: 0.93 male/female (2014 census)

### Life expectancy[edit | edit source]

* total population: 69.92 years
* male: 68.27 years
* female: 71.67 years (2022 est.)

### Obesity - adult prevalence rate[edit | edit source]

* 5.8% (2016)

### Children under the age of 5 years underweight[edit | edit source]

* 18.9% (2016)

### Literacy[edit | edit source]

(age 15 and over can read and write, official statistics)

* Total: 89.5%[19]
* Male: 92.6%[19]
* Female: 86.9%[19]

## Education expenditures[edit | edit source]

0.8% of GDP (2011)

## Notes[edit | edit source]

1. ^ Based on the estimated overall population, including both the enumerated and non-enumerated population (51,486,253), and on the assumption that the non-enumerated population in Rakhine State affiliate with the Islamic faith.

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ "Myanmar population hits over 59 mln in 2009". People's Daily. Xinhua. 1 July 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
2. ^ a b Spoorenberg, Thomas (2013). "Demographic changes in Myanmar since 1983: An examination of official data". Population and Development Review. 39 (2): 309–324. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00593.x.
3. ^ a b Spoorenberg, Thomas (2015). "Provisional results of the 2014 census of Myanmar: The surprise that wasn't". Asian Population Studies. 11 (1): 4–6. doi:10.1080/17441730.2014.972084. S2CID 154114929.
4. ^ a b c Spoorenberg, Thomas (2015). "Myanmar's first census in more than 30 years: A radical revision of the official population count" (PDF). Population & Societies. No. 527 (November): 1–4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
5. ^ Summary of the Provisional Results (PDF). Ministry of Immigration and Population. August 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
6. ^ a b Jones, Gavin W. (2007). "Delayed Marriage and Very Low Fertility in Pacific Asia" (PDF). Population and Development Review. 33 (3): 453–478. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2007.00180.x.[permanent dead link]
7. ^ a b c Myat Mon (2008). "The Economic Position of Women in Burma". Asian Studies Review. 24 (2): 243–255. doi:10.1080/10357820008713272. S2CID 144323033.
8. ^ a b United Nations, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (30 June 2000). "WorldMarriage Patterns 2000" (PDF). Retrieved 28 August 2017.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
9. ^ Nyi Nyi (2005). "V: Conclusion and Recommendation" (PDF). The Determinants of Age at First Marriage in Myanmar (Master's thesis). Mahidol University. Retrieved 20 September 2010.[dead link]
10. ^ World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision
11. ^ "Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16" (PDF). 15 March 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
12. ^ "The Union Report : Census Report Volume 2" (PDF). 10 April 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
13. ^ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
14. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
15. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
16. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
17. ^ a b c Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR (July 2016). The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Census Report Volume 2-C. Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR. pp. 12–15.
18. ^ "၁၃၈၁(၂၀၁၉) ခုနှစ်၊ ဝါဆိုသံဃာနှင့်သီလရှင်စာရင်း". နိုင်ငံတော် သံဃာ့မဟာနာယကအဖွဲ့ (in Burmese). 2016. Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
19. ^ a b c The Union Report: Census Report Volume 2. The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census. Nay Pyi Taw: Ministry of Immigration and Population. 2015. p. 12.

* Population Projections for Myanmar, 1983-2013 Asia Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 6, No. 2 (PDF document)
* This article incorporates public domain material from World Factbook. CIA.

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File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Ethnic groups in Myanmar

Burmese people

Kachin (12)|

* Jingpaw
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Kayah (9)|

* Geba Karen
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* Manu Manaw
* Pale
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* Zayein

Kayin (Karen) (11)|

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Chin (53)|

* Anu
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Bamar (Burman) (9)|

* Dawei
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Mon (1)|

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Rakhine
(Arakanese) (7)|

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