Gouda, South Holland

For the cheese originating from this city, see Gouda cheese.

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City and municipality in South Holland, Netherlands

Gouda

City and municipality

File:Banner wikivoyage 2.jpg

File:13-06-27-gouda-by-RalfR-054.jpg

File:13-06-27-gouda-by-RalfR-063.jpg

File:Gouda, Haven - panoramio (9).jpg

Images, from top down, left to right: panoramic view of the city, city centre, historic town hall and port

Flag of Gouda

Flag

Coat of arms of Gouda

Coat of arms

Location in South Holland

Location in South Holland

Gouda is located in Netherlands

Gouda

Gouda

Location within the Netherlands

Show map of Netherlands

Gouda is located in Europe

Gouda

Gouda

Location within Europe

Show map of Europe

Coordinates: 52°0′40″N 4°42′40″E﻿ / ﻿52.01111°N 4.71111°E﻿ / 52.01111; 4.71111Coordinates: 52°0′40″N 4°42′40″E﻿ / ﻿52.01111°N 4.71111°E﻿ / 52.01111; 4.71111
Country| Netherlands
Province| South Holland
Government

• Body| Municipal council
• Mayor| Pieter Verhoeve (SGP)
Area

[1]

• Total| 18.11 km2 (6.99 sq mi)
• Land| 16.50 km2 (6.37 sq mi)
• Water| 1.61 km2 (0.62 sq mi)
Elevation

[2]

| 0 m (0 ft)
Population

(January 2019)[3]

• Total| 73,181
• Density| 4,435/km2 (11,490/sq mi)
Demonym| Gouwenaar
Time zone| UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)| UTC+2 (CEST)
Postcode|

2800–2809

Area code| 0182
Website| www.gouda.nl

File:Gem-Gouda-OpenTopo.jpg

Topographic map of Gouda.

Gouda (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣʌudaː] (Audio file "315 Gouda.ogg " not found)) is a city and municipality in the west of the Netherlands, between Rotterdam and Utrecht, in the province of South Holland. Gouda has a population of 75,000 and is famous for its Gouda cheese, stroopwafels, many grachten, smoking pipes, and its 15th-century city hall. Its array of historic churches and other buildings makes it a very popular day trip destination.

In the Middle Ages, a settlement was founded at the location of the current city by the Van der Goude family, who built a fortified castle alongside the banks of the Gouwe River, from which the family and the city took its name. The area, originally marshland, developed over the course of two centuries. By 1225, a canal was linked to the Gouwe and its estuary was transformed into a harbour. City rights were granted in 1272.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Demographics
* 3 Economy
* 4 Attractions
* 5 Events
* 6 Transport
* 7 Twin towns – sister cities
* 8 Natives of Gouda
* 8.1 Public thinking & Public Service
* 8.2 Science & Business
* 8.3 The Arts
* 8.4 Sport
* 9 Gallery
* 10 Notes
* 11 References
* 12 External links

## History[edit | edit source]

Main article: History of Gouda, South Holland

File:Plattegrond van de stad Gouda binnen de singels, ca. 1650..jpg

City centre of Gouda in 1650, by Joan Blaeu

File:Gouda stadhuis februari 2003.jpg

Gouda's 15th-century town hall (1449–1459, formerly moated)[4]

Around the year 1100, the area where Gouda now is located was swampy and covered with a peat forest, crossed by small creeks such as the Gouwe. Along the shores of this stream near the current market and city hall, peat harvesting began in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1139, the name Gouda is first mentioned in a statement from the Bishop of Utrecht.

In the 13th century, the Gouwe was connected to the Oude Rijn (Old Rhine) by means of a canal and its mouth at the Hollandse IJssel was developed into a harbour. Castle Gouda was built to protect this harbour. This shipping route was used for trade between Flanders and France with Holland and the Baltic Sea. In 1272, Floris V, Count of Holland, granted city rights to Gouda, which by then had become an important location. City-canals or grachten were dug and served as transport ways through the town.

Great fires in 1361 and 1438 destroyed the city. In 1572, the city was occupied by Les Gueux (Dutch rebels against the Spanish King) who also committed arson and destruction. In 1577 the demolition of Castle Gouda began.

In 1551 was founded the oldest still-functioning inn De Zalm, located on Markt 34, near the historic Waag building.

In 1574, 1625, 1636, and 1673, Gouda suffered from deadly plague epidemics, of which the last one was the most severe: 2995 persons died, constituting 20% of its population.[5]

In the last quarter of the 16th century, Gouda had serious economic problems. It recovered in the first half of the 17th century and even prospered between 1665 and 1672. However, its economy collapsed again when war broke out in 1672 and the plague decimated the city in 1673, even affecting the pipe industry. After 1700, Gouda enjoyed a period of progress and prosperity until 1730. Then another recession followed, resulting in a long period of decline that lasted well into the 19th century.[6] Gouda was one of the poorest cities in the country during that period: the terms "Goudaner" and "beggar" were considered synonymous.[7]

Starting in 1830, demolition of the city walls began. The last city gate was torn down in 1854. Only from the second half of the 19th century onward did Gouda start to profit from an improved economic condition. New companies, such as Stearine Kaarsenfabriek (Stearine Candle Factory) and Machinale Garenspinnerij (Mechanized Yarn Spinnery), acted as the impetus to its economy. In 1855, the railway Gouda-Utrecht began to operate. At the beginning of the 20th century, large-scale development began, extending the city beyond its moats. First the new neighbourhoods Korte Akkeren, Kort Haarlem and Kadebuurt were built, followed by Oosterwei [nl], Bloemendaal [nl], Goverwelle [nl] and Westergouwe [nl] after World War II.

From 1940 on, back-filling of the city moats and city-canals, the grachten, began: the Nieuwehaven, Raam, Naaierstraat, and Achter de Vismarkt. However, because of protests from city dwellers and revised policies of city planners, Gouda did not continue back-filling moats and city-canals, now considered historically valuable. In 1944, the railway station was damaged during an Allied bombardment, killing 8 and wounding 10 persons. This bombardment was intended to destroy the railroad connecting The Hague and Rotterdam to Utrecht.

After the war, the city started to expand and nearly tripled in size. New neighbourhoods, such as Gouda-Oost, Bloemendaal and Goverwelle were built. Over the last years there has been a shift from expanding the city towards urban renewal and gentrification.

## Demographics[edit | edit source]

Historical population| Year| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1382| 4,500| —
1398| 5,000| +0.66%
1477| 12,600| +1.18%
1494| 7,200| −3.24%
1514| 7,623| +0.29%
1560| 9,000| +0.36%
| Year| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
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1622| 14,627| +0.79%
1632| 13,300| −0.95%
1665| 15,000| +0.37%
1732| 20,000| +0.43%
1795| 11,715| −0.85%
Source: Lourens & Lucassen 1997, pp. 107–108

## Economy[edit | edit source]

File:13-06-27-gouda-by-RalfR-126.jpg

Gouda's Cheese Market

Gouda is world-famous for its Gouda cheese, which is still traded on its cheese market, held each Thursday. Gouda is also known for the fabrication of candles, smoking pipes, and stroopwafels. Gouda used to have a considerable linen industry and several beer breweries.

The world-famous Gouda cheese is not made in the city itself, but rather in the surrounding region. It derives its name from being traded in Gouda where the city council imposes stringent quality controls.

The economy of the city centre is based on tourism, leisure and retail, while offices are located at the outskirts of the city. Currently, there are over 32,000 jobs in the city, mainly in commercial and healthcare services.

## Attractions[edit | edit source]

* Old City Hall at the Markt square - built between 1448 and 1450, one of the oldest Gothic city halls in the Netherlands;
* The Waag (weigh house) - built in 1667 across from the Old City Hall, this building was used for weighing goods (especially cheese) to levy taxes. It now is a national monument. It currently hosts a small cheese museum;
* Grote or St. Jans Kerk (Great or Saint John's Church) - longest church in the Netherlands, famous for its stained glass windows which were made between 1530 and 1603, considered the most significant stained glass collection in the Netherlands.[8] Even in the 17th century, it already was a tourist attraction;
* Museum Gouda [nl][9] \- museum about the history and arts of the city;
* Verzetsmuseum \- a museum about the Dutch resistance during World War II, the collection currently in storage as museum building closed in November 2018;
* Museumhaven Gouda - small harbour with historic ships;
* Goudse Schouwburg - large theatre;
* Waaiersluis (Waaier Locks) - a historic lock on the Hollandse IJssel just east of Gouda.

## Events[edit | edit source]

* Gouda Cheese & Craft Market, every Thursday from 10:00 - 13:00h (April–August). According to Stichting Goudse Kaas, it attracted 60,000 tourists each year (as of 2017).[10]
* Gouda Ceramics Days, a yearly two-day event of ceramists from the Netherlands and several other countries. Several exhibitions. May 29 10:00 - 17:00h and May 30 10:00 - 16:00h around the Old City Hall.
* Gouda's Monmartre, antique/curio/flea/collector's market, weekly on Wednesdays around the Old City Hall during summer from June 4 - Sept. 10, 2014.
* Gouda Water City Festival weekend of June 21, 2014
* Gouda by Candlelight \- an annual Christmas event held in mid-December, featuring attractions in the city centre. In the evening, a Christmas tree, an annual gift from the sister city of Kongsberg, is lit in the market place. Carols are sung by famous Dutch singers accompanied by choirs. The windows of the Old City Hall and the surrounding houses are lit by Gouda candles.

## Transport[edit | edit source]

Gouda is served by two railway stations, Gouda and Gouda Goverwelle. The main railway station is served by Intercity services to The Hague, Rotterdam, and Utrecht and local trains to Amsterdam and Alphen aan den Rijn/Leiden.

The city also lies alongside the A12 and A20 motorways.

## Twin towns – sister cities[edit | edit source]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the Netherlands

Gouda is twinned with:[11]

* File:Flag of Norway.svg Kongsberg, Norway (since 1956)

* File:Flag of Germany.svg Solingen, Germany (since 1957)

* File:Flag of England.svg Gloucester, England (since 1972)

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## Natives of Gouda[edit | edit source]

File:Holbein-erasmus.jpg

Portrait of Erasmus by Holbein, 1523

### Public thinking & Public Service[edit | edit source]

* Gerard Leeu (1445–1493) was a Dutch printer of the incunabulum period
* Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536) a Dutch philosopher and Christian humanist, scholar of the northern Renaissance[12]
* Cornelius Loos (1546–1595) a Roman Catholic priest, theologian and professor of theology
* brothers Cornelis de Houtman (1565–1599) and Frederick de Houtman (1571–1627) were explorers on the first Dutch expedition to the East Indies
* Adriaen Maertensz Block (ca.1582-1661) commander and governor of Ambon 1614-1617,
* Hieronymus van Beverningh (1614–1690) a diplomat, amateur botanist and patron of the arts
* Roemer Vlacq (1637–1703) a Dutch naval captain, who blew up his ship to save it from capture
* Hieronymus van Alphen (1746–1803) a jurist and wrote poems for children
* Gerard Van Helden (1848–1901) Detective Superintendent in the Birmingham City Police Force
* Gerard van Leijenhorst (1928–2001) a politician and chemistry teacher in Gouda 1955 to 1971
* Wim Deetman (born 1945) a politician, teacher and municipal councillor in Gouda 1974 to 1981
* Jan Oosterhaven (born 1945) economist and university professor
* Hans van Leeuwen (born 1946) an educator, engineer, inventor, researcher and entrepreneur
* Ad Melkert (born 1956) a Dutch politician, diplomat and nonprofit director

### Science & Business[edit | edit source]

File:Leo Vroman.jpg

Leo Vroman, 1983

* Adriaan Vlacq (1600–1667) a Dutch author of mathematical tables and book publisher
* Nicolaas Hartsoeker (1656–1725) a mathematician and physicist, invented the screw-barrel microscope
* Gualtherus Johannes Cornelis Kolff (1826–1881) co-founder of G. Kolff & Co., a publishing company in Batavia, Dutch East Indies
* Pieter Johannes van Rhijn (1886—1960) a Dutch astronomer
* Jan Schilt (1894–1982) a Dutch-American astronomer, invented the Schilt photometer
* Jan Gonda (1905–1991) a Dutch Indologist and academic
* Leo Vroman (1915-2014) a Dutch-American hematologist, poet and illustrator
* Peter van Mensch (born 1947) a Dutch scientist in the field of museology
* Peter Stas (born 1963) a Dutch entrepreneur and author, CEO of Frédérique Constant

### The Arts[edit | edit source]

File:Cornelis Engelsz. autportrait 1612.jpg

Cornelis Engelsz, self-portrait, 1612

* brothers Dirk Crabeth (1501—1574) & Wouter Crabeth I (1510-1590), Dutch Renaissance glass painters
* Pieter Pourbus (ca.1523–1584) a Flemish Renaissance painter of portraits and religious scenes
* Cornelis Ketel (1548–1616) a Dutch Mannerist painter
* Cornelis Engelsz (1575–1650) a Dutch Golden Age painter
* Jacob Block (1580–1646) a Dutch Golden Age painter
* Daniël Tomberg (1603–1678) a Dutch Golden Age glass painter
* Frederick de Wit (ca.1630–1706) a cartographer and artist, drew, printed and sold maps
* Hendrik Bary (ca.1632–1707) a Dutch engraver
* Pieter Donker (1635–1668) a Dutch Golden Age painter
* Jan Willem van Borselen (1825-1892) a Dutch landscape painter of the Hague School
* Cornelis Verwoerd (1913–2000) a Dutch Delftware painter, modeler, and ceramist
* Koos de Bruin (1941-1992) a Dutch painter, draftsman, sculptor and graphic artist
* Rozalie Hirs (born 1965) a Dutch composer of contemporary classical music and a poet
* Marco de Goeij (born 1967), composer, reconstructed Concerto for Group and Orchestra by Jon Lord
* René Van Der Wouden (born 1972) a Dutch electronic, New Age musician
* Léon de Jong (born 1982) a Dutch politician and singer, a former musician and salesman

### Sport[edit | edit source]

File:Gillian van den Berg (2008-08-25).jpg

Gillian van den Berg, 2008

File:P1000506 - Flickr - steenslag.jpg

Bianca de Jong-Muhren, 2005

* Dick van Dijk (1946–1997) football player with 250 club caps
* Harry van der Laan (born 1964) a retired Dutch football striker with over 350 club caps
* Ed de Goey (born 1966) former goalkeeper with 569 club caps, 31 caps with Netherlands national football team
* Gillian van den Berg (born 1971) a water polo player, team gold medallist at the 2008 Summer Olympics
* Andrea Nuyt (born 1974) a retired speed skater, competed at the 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics
* Ellen Hogerwerf (born 1989) a rower and team silver medallist at the 2020 Summer Olympics
* Froukje Wegman (born 1979) a rower and team bronze medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics
* Michel Breuer (born 1980) a retired Dutch footballer with 519 club caps
* Paulien van Deutekom (1981-2019) a Dutch champion speed skater, competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics
* Bianca de Jong-Muhren (born 1986) a Dutch chess Woman Grandmaster (WGM)
* Mieke Cabout (born 1986) a water polo player, team gold medallist at the 2008 Summer Olympics
* Ted-Jan Bloemen (born 1986) a Dutch-Canadian long track speed skater, gold and silver medallist at the 2018 Winter Olympics
* Lex van Haeften (born 1987) a Dutch professional footballer
* Michael van der Mark (born 1992) a Dutch motorcycle racer

## Gallery[edit | edit source]

* Gouda, vanuit de lucht met stadhuis RM16843 en de Grote of Sint Janskerk RM16722 foto1 2014-03-09 10.40.jpg

Town center from the sky with townhall and church (de Grote of Sint Janskerk)

* Gouda haven.jpg

Gracht in Gouda

* Gouda waaggebouw februari 2003.jpg

The Waag (weigh house)

* Gouda, straatzicht op de Lange Tiendeweg met 't Kaaswinkeltje en 't Grendeltje RM16837 poging2 foto8 2017-04-30 13.13.jpg

Street view at the Lange Tiendeweg with the cheese shop ('t Kaaswinkeltje) and 't Grendeltje

* Gouda, molen 't Slot RM16919 langs de Hollandse IJssel IMG 0252 2021-08-05 15.16.jpg

Windmill: molen 't Slot

## Notes[edit | edit source]

1. ^ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020" [Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020]. StatLine (in Dutch). CBS. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
2. ^ "Postcodetool for 2801JM". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
3. ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
4. ^ Weigert, Hans (1961). Busch, Harald; Lohse, Bernd (eds.). Buildings of Europe: Renaissance Europe. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. xii, 114.
5. ^ Abels, pp. 302-303
6. ^ Abels, pp. 364-365
7. ^ Schouten, Jan (1977) Gouda door de eeuwen (Gouda through the ages) Repro-Holland, Alphen aan de Rijn, NL, pg. 156 OCLC 63324059 in Dutch
8. ^ Harten-Boers, Henny van: The stained-glass windows in the Sint Janskerk at Gouda I Archived May 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
9. ^ "Museum Gouda". www.museumgouda.nl.
10. ^ "Kaasmarkt levendiger", Goudse Post (29 March 2017) p.1
11. ^ "Gouda bezoekt zusterstad Solingen om banden aan te halen". ad.nl (in Dutch). AD. 2019-02-08. Retrieved 2020-01-09.
12. ^ "Erasmus, Desiderius" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). 1911.

## References[edit | edit source]

* Abels, P.H.A.M. (2002) Duizend jaar Gouda: een stadsgeschiedenis (Thousand year Gouda: A history of the city) Verloren, Hilversum, ISBN 90-6550-717-5, in Dutch
* Denslagen, W.F. and Akkerman, Chris (2001) Gouda Rijksdienst voor de Monumentenzorg, Zeist, NL, ISBN 90-400-9515-9, in Dutch
* Lourens, Piet; Lucassen, Jan (1997). Inwonertallen van Nederlandse steden ca. 1300–1800. Amsterdam: NEHA. ISBN 9057420082.
* Schouten, Jan and de Wit, Bob (1960) Gouda (translated from the Dutch by Flora van Os-Gammon) W. van Hoeve, The Hague OCLC 1492541, in English

## External links[edit | edit source]

Justapedia supports:

* File:Commons-logo.svgMedia from Commons
* File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svgTravel information from Wikivoyage

* Official website for the city of Gouda (in Dutch)
* A collection of old pictures and drawings of Gouda. (A journey through the past)
* Virtual Tour of St. Johns church (Sint Janskerk) Gouda
* Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gouda" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 280.

Places adjacent to Gouda, South Holland

| Waddinxveen |  | Bodegraven-Reeuwijk

|
|

| North |

WestGoudaEast

| South |
Zuidplas | Krimpenerwaard |

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities of South Holland

* Alblasserdam
* Albrandswaard
* Alphen aan den Rijn
* Barendrecht
* Bodegraven-Reeuwijk
* Brielle
* Capelle aan den IJssel
* Delft
* Dordrecht
* Goeree-Overflakkee
* Gorinchem
* Gouda
* Hardinxveld-Giessendam
* Hellevoetsluis
* Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht
* Hillegom
* Hoeksche Waard
* Kaag en Braassem
* Katwijk
* Krimpen aan den IJssel
* Krimpenerwaard
* Lansingerland
* Leiden
* Leiderdorp
* Leidschendam-Voorburg
* Lisse
* Maassluis
* Midden-Delfland
* Molenlanden
* Nieuwkoop
* Nissewaard
* Noordwijk
* Oegstgeest
* Papendrecht
* Pijnacker-Nootdorp
* Ridderkerk
* Rijswijk
* Rotterdam
* Schiedam
* Sliedrecht
* Teylingen
* The Hague
* Vlaardingen
* Voorschoten
* Waddinxveen
* Wassenaar
* Westland
* Westvoorne
* Zoetermeer
* Zoeterwoude
* Zuidplas
* Zwijndrecht

File:Zuid-Holland position.svg

* See also
* Netherlands
* Provinces
* Municipalities

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*[±% p.a.]: Per annum growth rate
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