Sexual abuse

For the academic journal titled Sexual Abuse, see Sexual Abuse (journal).

"Sex abuse" redirects here. For self-inflicted unhealthy sexual behavior, see Sexual addiction.

Abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another

Sex and the law

Social issues

* Age of consent
* Antisexualism
* Bodily integrity
* Censorship
* Circumcision
* Criminalization of homosexuality
* Deviant sexual intercourse
* Ethics
* Freedom of speech
* Homophobia
* Intersex rights
* LGBT rights
* Miscegenation (interracial relations)
* Marriageable age
* Norms
* Objectification
* Pornography
* Public morality
* Red-light district
* Reproductive rights
* Right to sexuality
* Same-sex marriage
* Sex industry
* Sex workers' rights
* Sexual consent in law
* Sexual and reproductive health and rights
* Survival sex

Specific offences
(Varies by jurisdiction)

* Adultery
* Child grooming
* Child pornography
* Child prostitution
* Criminal transmission of HIV
* Cybersex trafficking
* Female genital mutilation
* Fornication
* Incest
* Pimping
* Prostitution
* forced
* procuring
* Public indecency
* Rape
* statutory
* marital
* Seduction
* Sex trafficking
* Sexting
* Sexual abuse
* child
* Sexual assault
* Sexual harassment
* Slavery
* Sodomy
* UK Section 63 (2008)
* Violence
* Trafficking
* Voyeurism

Sex offender registration

* Sex offender registry
* Sex offender registries in the United States

Portals

*   *

* v
* t
* e

Rape

Types

* Acquaintance rape
* Campus rape
* Corrective rape
* LGBT victims
* Date rape
* Gang rape
* Genocidal rape
* Gray rape
* Live streaming rape
* Marital rape
* Prison rape
* Reproductive coercion
* Serial rape
* Statutory rape
* Unacknowledged rape
* Rape by deception

Effects and motivations

* Effects and aftermath
* Pregnancy from rape
* Rape trauma syndrome
* Causes
* Post-assault mistreatment
* Weinstein effect
* Sociobiological theories
* Rape culture

By country

* Afghanistan
* Belgium
* China
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Egypt
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* India
* Pakistan
* Papua New Guinea
* Philippines
* Saudi Arabia
* South Africa
* Sweden
* United Kingdom
* United States

During conflicts

* Circassian genocide
* Nanking Massacre
* Eastern Front (World War II)
* Italian campaign (World War II)
* Occupation of Germany
* Occupation of Japan
* Kashmir conflict
* Bangladesh Liberation War
* Bosnian War
* Rwandan genocide
* Darfur genocide
* Iraqi insurgency
* Sri Lankan Civil War
* Syrian Civil War
* Tigray War
* Russian invasion of Ukraine

Laws

* Marital rape laws by country
* Marry-your-rapist law
* Rape shield law
* False accusation of rape
* Rape investigation
* Rape kit
* Sexual consent in law

Related articles

* History of rape
* Date rape drug
* Rape statistics
* Rape by gender
* Rape of males
* Anti-rape device
* Rape crisis centers
* Rape investigation
* Rape myth
* Rape pornography
* Rape and revenge films
* Rape fantasy
* Rape schedule
* Anti-rape movement

Portals

* v
* t
* e

Sexual abuse or sex abuse, also referred to as molestation, is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using force or by taking advantage of another.[1] Molestation often refers to an instance of sexual assault against a small child, whereas sexual abuse is a term used for a persistent pattern of sexual assaults.[2]

The offender is referred to as a sexual abuser or (often pejoratively) molester.[3] The term also covers behavior by an adult or older adolescent towards a child to stimulate any of the involved sexually. The use of a child, or other individuals younger than the age of consent, for sexual stimulation is referred to as child sexual abuse or statutory rape. Live streaming sexual abuse involves trafficking and coerced sexual acts and or rape in real time on webcam.[4][5][6][7]

## Contents

* 1 Victims
* 1.1 Spouses
* 1.2 Children
* 1.3 People with developmental disabilities
* 1.4 Elderly and people with dementia
* 1.5 People in poverty
* 1.6 Minorities
* 1.7 Animals
* 2 Treatment
* 3 Prevention
* 4 Survivor
* 5 Positions of power
* 6 Animals
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 Further reading
* 10 External links

## Victims[edit | edit source]

### Spouses[edit | edit source]

See also: Domestic violence and Marital rape

Spousal sexual abuse is a form of domestic violence. When the abuse involves threats of unwanted sexual contact or forced sex by a woman's husband or ex-husband, it may constitute rape, depending on the jurisdiction, and may also constitute an assault.[8]

###  Children[edit | edit source]

Main article: Child sexual abuse

Child sexual abuse is a form of child abuse in which a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult or older adolescent.[9][10] It includes direct sexual contact, the adult or otherwise older person engaging indecent exposure (of the genitals, female nipples, etc.) to a child with intent to gratify their own sexual desires or to intimidate or groom the child, asking or pressuring a child to engage in sexual activities, displaying pornography to a child, or using a child to produce child pornography.[9][11][12]

Effects of child sexual abuse include shame, self-blame,[13] depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, self-esteem issues, sexual dysfunction, chronic pelvic pain, addiction, self-injury, suicidal ideation, borderline personality disorder, and propensity to re-victimization in adulthood.[14] Child sexual abuse is a risk factor for attempting suicide.[15] Additionally, some studies have shown childhood sexual abuse to be a risk factor of the perpetration of intimate partner violence in men.[16] Much of the harm caused to victims becomes apparent years after the abuse happens. With specific regard to addiction, a study by Reiger et al. supports previous findings that adverse life events increase sensitivity to drug rewards and bolster drug reward signaling by exposing an association between heightened limbic response to cocaine cues.[17]

Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest, which can result in severe long-term psychological trauma, especially in the case of parental incest.[18]

Globally, approximately 18–19% of women and 8% of men disclose being sexually abused during their childhood.[19][20] The gender gap may be caused by higher victimization of girls, lower willingness of men to disclose abuse, or both.[19] Most sexual abuse offenders are acquainted with their victims; approximately 30% are relatives of the child, most often fathers, uncles or cousins; around 60% are other acquaintances such as friends of the family, babysitters, or neighbors; strangers are the offenders in approximately 10% of child sexual abuse cases. Most child sexual abuse is committed by men; women commit approximately 14% of offenses reported against boys and 6% of offenses reported against girls.[21] Child sexual abuse offenders are not pedophiles unless they have a primary or exclusive sexual interest in prepubescent children.[22]

### People with developmental disabilities[edit | edit source]

Main article: Sexual abuse of people with developmental disabilities

People with developmental disabilities are often victims of sexual abuse. According to research, people with disabilities are at a greater risk for victimization of sexual assault or sexual abuse because of lack of understanding (Sobsey & Varnhagen, 1989).

### Elderly and people with dementia[edit | edit source]

Elderly people, especially those with dementia, can be at risk of abuse. There were over 6,000 "safeguarding concerns and alerts" at UK care homes from 2013 to 2015. These included alleged inappropriate touching and worse allegations. Offenders were most often other residents but staff also offended. It is suspected some care homes may deliberately overlook these offenses.[23]

### People in poverty[edit | edit source]

People in poverty, including those from developing countries, are vulnerable to forced prostitution,[24][25][26] live streaming sexual abuse,[5][6][7] and other forms of molestation. Victims who come from families in poverty often have less connections, power, protection, and education about sex crimes.[27]

### Minorities[edit | edit source]

The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

|

Sexual abuse is a problem in some minority communities. In 2007, a number of Hispanic victims were included in the settlement of a massive sexual abuse case involving the Los Angeles archdiocese of the Catholic Church.[28] A qualitative study by Kim et al. discusses the experiences of sexual abuse in the US population of Mexican immigrant women, citing immigration, acculturation, and several other social elements as risk factors for abuse.[29]

### Animals[edit | edit source]

Captive breeding activities are sometimes described as sexual abuse.[30] People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has specifically objected, for example, to SeaWorld's breeding of orcas (Orcinus orca).[30] Captive breeding of animals led to the idea of capturing and enslaving women for involuntary breeding according to Charles Patterson.[31]

## Treatment[edit | edit source]

In the emergency department, contraceptive medications are offered to women raped by men because about 5% of such rapes result in pregnancy.[32] Preventative medication against sexually transmitted infections are given to victims of all types of sexual abuse (especially for the most common diseases like chlamydia, gonorhea, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis) and a blood serum is collected to test for STIs (such as HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis).[32] Any survivor with abrasions are immunized for tetanus if 5 years have elapsed since the last immunization.[32] Short-term treatment with a benzodiazepine may help with acute anxiety and antidepressants may be helpful for symptoms of PTSD, depression and panic attacks.[32]

Sexual abuse has been linked to the development of psychotic symptoms in abused children. Treatment for psychotic symptoms may also be involved in sexual abuse treatment.[33]

In regards to long term psychological treatment, prolonged exposure therapy has been tested as a method of long-term PTSD treatment for victims of sexual abuse.[34]

## Prevention[edit | edit source]

Child sexual abuse prevention programmes were developed in the United States of America during the 1970s and originally delivered to children. Programmes delivered to parents were developed in the 1980s and took the form of one-off meetings, two to three hours long.[35][36][37][38][39][40] In the last 15 years, web-based programmes have been developed.

## Survivor[edit | edit source]

The term survivor is sometimes used for a living victim, including victims of non-fatal harm, to honor and empower the strength of an individual to heal, in particular a living victim of sexual abuse or assault.[41] For example, there are the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests and The Survivors Trust.

## Positions of power[edit | edit source]

See also: Abusive power and control, Power harassment, and Rankism

Sexual misconduct can occur where one person uses a position of authority to compel another person to engage in an otherwise unwanted sexual activity. For example, sexual harassment in the workplace might involve an employee being coerced into a sexual situation out of fear of being dismissed. Sexual harassment in education might involve a student submitting to the sexual advances of a person in authority in fear of being punished, for example by being given a failing grade.

Several sexual abuse scandals have involved abuse of religious authority and often cover-up among non-abusers, including cases in the Southern Baptist Convention,[42] Catholic Church, Episcopalian religion,[43] Islam,[44] Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran church,[45] Methodist Church,[46] Anabaptist/Mennonite Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,[47] the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Orthodox Judaism,[48] other branches of Judaism,[49] various buddhist schools such as Zen and Tibetan,[50][51][52][53] Yoga classes,[54] and various cults.

In October 2020, a powerful member of the United Arab Emirates' royal family, Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan was accused of exploiting his authority by a British citizen, Caitlin McNamara, who was working on Abu Dhabi Hay Festival. On February 14 that year, the UAE's Minister of Tolerance called McNamara for a dinner at his villa on private island and sexually abused the woman, who was organizing the literary festival for the country.[55]

## Animals[edit | edit source]

Main article: Sexual coercion among animals

Sexual abuse has been identified among animals as well; for example, among the Adélie penguins.[56]

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Abuse
* Auguste Ambroise Tardieu
* Birth control sabotage
* Child grooming
* Cinderella effect
* Circles of Support and Accountability
* Domestic abuse
* Hebephilia
* Institutional abuse
* Journal of Sexual Aggression
* #MeToo
* Minor (law)
* Operation Protect Our Children
* Prevention Project Dunkelfeld
* Psychological manipulation
* Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network
* Sexual bullying
* Sexual violence
* Sex and the law
* Stalking
* Survivors Trust
* Virtuous pedophiles (online support group for preventing sexual abuse)

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ "Sexual abuse". American Psychological Association. 2018 American Psychological Association. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
2. ^ "Child Molestation vs. Sexual Abuse". Manly, Stewart & Finaldi. 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
3. ^ "Peer commentaries on Green (2002) and Schmidt (2002)". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 31 (6): 479–503. 2002. doi:10.1023/A:1020603214218. S2CID 102340546. "Child molester is a pejorative term applied to both the pedophile and incest offender."
4. ^ Brown, Rick; Napier, Sarah; Smith, Russell G (2020), Australians who view live streaming of child sexual abuse: An analysis of financial transactions, Australian Institute of Criminology, ISBN 9781925304336 pp. 1–4.
5. ^ a b "Child Sex Abuse Livestreams Increase During Coronavirus Lockdowns". NPR. April 8, 2020. Archived from the original on May 15, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
6. ^ a b "Philippines child slavery survivors fight to heal scars of abuse". Reuters. April 8, 2020. Archived from the original on March 28, 2018. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
7. ^ a b "What is Online Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation?". NCA. 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-04-26. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
8. ^ Patricia, Mahoney. "The Wife Rape Fact Sheet". National Violence Against Women Prevention Research Center. National Violence Against Women Prevention Research Center. Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
9. ^ a b "Child Sexual Abuse". Medline Plus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 2008-04-02. Archived from the original on 2013-12-05. Retrieved 2016-05-08.
10. ^ Committee on Professional Practice and Standards (COPPS); Board of Professional Affairs (BPA); American Psychological Association (APA); Catherine Acuff; Steven Bisbing; Michael Gottlieb; Lisa Grossman; Jody Porter; Richard Reichbart; Steven Sparta; C. Eugene Walker (August 1999). "Guidelines for Psychological Evaluations in Child Protection Matters". American Psychologist. 54 (8): 586–593. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.8.586. PMID 10453704. Archived from the original on 2008-04-22. Retrieved 2008-05-07. "Abuse, sexual (child): generally defined as contacts between a child and an adult or other person significantly older or in a position of power or control over the child, where the child is being used for sexual stimulation of the adult or other person."
* "Guidelines for psychological evaluations in child protection matters". APA PsycNET. 7 May 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-12-14.
11. ^ Martin, J.; Anderson, J.; Romans, S.; Mullen, P; O'Shea, M (1993). "Asking about child sexual abuse: methodological implications of a two-stage survey". Child Abuse and Neglect. 17 (3): 383–392. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(93)90061-9. PMID 8330225.
12. ^ Child sexual abuse definition Archived 2010-02-13 at the Wayback Machine from the NSPCC
13. ^ Whiffen, V. E.; MacIntosh, H. B. (2005). "Mediators of the link between childhood sexual abuse and emotional distress: a critical review". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 6 (1): 24–39. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.331.7436. doi:10.1177/1524838004272543. PMID 15574671. S2CID 10627203.
14. ^ Maniglio, R. (2009). "The impact of child sexual abuse on health: A systematic review of reviews". Clinical Psychology Review. 29 (7): 647–657. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.003. PMID 19733950.
15. ^ Maniglio, R. (2011). "The role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 124 (1): 30–41. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01612.x. PMID 20946202. S2CID 35525949.
16. ^ Teitelman, AM; Bellamy, SL; Jemmott, JB III; Icard, L; O'Leary, A; Ali, S; Ngwane, Z; Makiwane, M (2017). "Childhood sexual abuse and sociodemographic factors prospectively associated with intimate partner violence perpetration among South African heterosexual men". Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 51 (2): 170–178. doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9836-2. PMC 6200456. PMID 27844325.
17. ^ Regier, PS; Monge, ZA; Franklin, TR; Wetherill, RR; Teitelman, AM; Jagannathan, K; et al. (2017). "Emotional, physical and sexual abuse are associated with a heightened limbic response to cocaine cues". Addiction Biology. 22 (6): 1768–177. doi:10.1111/adb.12445. PMC 5767126. PMID 27654662.
18. ^ Courtois, Christine A. (1988). Healing the Incest Wound: Adult Survivors in Therapy. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-393-31356-7.
19. ^ a b Stoltenborgh, M.; van IJzendoorn, M. H.; Euser, E. M.; Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2011). "A global perspective on child sexual abuse: meta-analysis of prevalence around the world". Child Maltreatment. 16 (2): 79–101. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1029.9752. doi:10.1177/1077559511403920. PMID 21511741. S2CID 30813632.
20. ^ Pereda, N.; Guilera, G.; Forns, M.; Gómez-Benito, J. (2009). "The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis". Clinical Psychology Review. 29 (4): 328–338. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.02.007. hdl:2445/27746. PMID 19371992.
21. ^ Whealin, Julia Whealin (2007-05-22). "Child Sexual Abuse". National Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, US Department of Veterans Affairs. Archived from the original on 2009-07-30.
22. ^ Seto, Michael (2008). Pedophilia and Sexual Offending Against Children. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. p. vii.
23. ^ Sex crimes against the elderly - are they being ignored? Archived 2018-11-06 at the Wayback Machine BBC
24. ^ "Myanmar officials blame human trafficking on poverty, unemployment". Myanmar Times. September 7, 2018. Archived from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
25. ^ "Poverty Causes Trafficking to China, Says Report". Khmer Times. September 1, 2016. Archived from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
26. ^ "POVERTY AND CONFLICT IN MYANMAR FUEL HUMAN TRAFFICKING". Caritas. 23 November 2017. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
27. ^ "China's Bride Trafficking Problem". The Diplomat. October 30, 2019. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
28. ^ "Catholic Sex Abuse Hits Home for Latinos". NPR.org. Archived from the original on 2018-05-07. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
29. ^ Kim, T; Draucker, CB; Bradway, C; Grisso, JA; Sommers, MS (2017). "Somos Hermanas Del Mismo Dolor (We Are Sisters of the Same Pain): intimate partner sexual violence narratives among Mexican immigrant women in the United States". Violence Against Women. 23 (5): 623–642. doi:10.1177/1077801216646224. PMID 27130923. S2CID 43738091.
30. ^ a b Stokes, Ashli Q.; Atkins-Sayre, Wendy (2018). "PETA, rhetorical fracture, and the power of digital activism". Public Relations Inquiry. SAGE Publications. 7 (2): 149–170. doi:10.1177/2046147x18770216. ISSN 2046-147X.
31. ^ Patterson, Charles (2002). Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust. New York City, NY, US: Lantern Books. pp. xvi+296. ISBN 9781930051997. OCLC 48249492.
32. ^ a b c d Varcarolis, Elizabeth (2013). Essentials of psychiatric mental health nursing. St. Louis: Elsevier. pp. 439–442.
33. ^ Crush, E; Arseneault, L; Jaffee, SR; Danese, A; Fisher, HL (2018). "Protective factors for psychotic symptoms among poly-victimized children". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 44 (3): 691–700. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx111. PMC 5890453. PMID 28981896.
34. ^ Schiff, M; Nacasch, N; Levit, S; Katz, N; Foa, EB (2015). "Prolonged exposure for treating PTSD among female methadone patients who were survivors of sexual abuse in Israel". Social Work & Health Care. 54 (8): 687–707. doi:10.1080/00981389.2015.1058311. PMID 26399489. S2CID 9288531.
35. ^ Babatsikos, Georgia (2010). "Parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices about preventing child sexual abuse: a literature review". Child Abuse Review. 19 (2): 107–129. doi:10.1002/car.1102. ISSN 0952-9136.
36. ^ Hébert, Martine; Lavoie, Francine; Parent, Nathalie (2002-06-01). "An Assessment of Outcomes Following Parents' Participation in a Child Abuse Prevention Program". Violence and Victims. 17 (3): 355–372. doi:10.1891/vivi.17.3.355.33664. ISSN 0886-6708. PMID 12102058. S2CID 33445782.
37. ^ Wurtele, Sandy K.; Moreno, Tasha; Kenny, Maureen C. (2008). "Evaluation of a Sexual Abuse Prevention Workshop for Parents of Young Children". Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma. 1 (4): 331–340. doi:10.1080/19361520802505768. ISSN 1936-1521. S2CID 146651342.
38. ^ Wurtele, Sandy K.; Kenny, Maureen C. (2010). "Partnering with parents to prevent childhood sexual abuse". Child Abuse Review. 19 (2): 130–152. doi:10.1002/car.1112. ISSN 0952-9136.
39. ^ Williams, Mike (2018). "Four Steps to the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse in the Home" (PDF). NSPCC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-08-19. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
40. ^ Williams, Mike (2018). "Working with a community to prevent child sexual abuse in the home" (PDF). NSPCC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
41. ^ "Dean of Students Office | Clark University". Clarku.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-05-19. Retrieved 2012-06-02.
42. ^ "StopBaptistPredators.org". stopbaptistpredators.org. Archived from the original on 2021-01-23. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
43. ^ "Episcopalian Ministers". Archived from the original on February 14, 2010.
44. ^ Joe Murphy (2012-05-18). "Baroness Warsi: Some Pakistani men think young white girls are "fair game" for sex abuse - Politics - News - Evening Standard". Thisislondon.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-06-06. Retrieved 2012-06-02.
45. ^ "Lutheran abuse". Archived from the original on January 10, 2010.
46. ^ "Methodist abuse". Archived from the original on June 25, 2009.
47. ^ Anderson, Lavina (1995). Case Reports of the Mormon Alliance Volume 1. ISBN 978-0-10-878835-2.
48. ^ Abuse Scandal Plagues Hasidic Jews In Brooklyn Archived 2018-04-11 at the Wayback Machine by Barbara Bradley Hagerty. All Things Considered, National Public Radio. 2 February 2009.
49. ^ Amy, Neustein, ed. (2009). Tempest in the Temple: Jewish Communities and Child Sex Scandals. Brandeis Series in American Jewish History, Culture, and Life. Waltham, Massachusetts: Brandeis University Press. ISBN 978-1-58465-671-5.
50. ^ Oppenheimer, Mark (2014-12-18). "The Zen Predator of the Upper East Side". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 2019-03-04. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
51. ^ Corder, Mike (2018-09-14). "Dalai Lama Meets Alleged Victims of Abuse by Buddhist Gurus". US News. Archived from the original on 2021-04-16. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
52. ^ Marsh, Sarah (5 March 2018). "Buddhist group admits sexual abuse by teachers". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
53. ^ Sperry, Rod Meade; Atwood, Haleigh (2018-03-30). "Against the Stream to investigate allegations of sexual misconduct by Noah Levine; results expected within a month". Lion's Roar. Archived from the original on 2018-10-22. Retrieved 2019-01-21.
54. ^ "International Yoga Day: 5 yoga gurus who were accused of sexual assault". Indian Express. 21 June 2018. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
55. ^ "Gulf minister of tolerance in 'sex assault' on Hay books festival worker". The Times. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
56. ^ McKie, Robin (9 June 2012). "'Sexual depravity' of penguins that Antarctic scientist dared not reveal". Guardian.co.uk. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2016.

## Further reading[edit | edit source]

* Baladerian, N. (1991). "Sexual abuse of people with developmental disabilities". Sexuality and Disability. 9 (4): 323–335. doi:10.1007/BF01102020. S2CID 59276744.
* Baur, Susan (1997). The Intimate Hour: Love and Sex in Psychotherapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0-395-82284-X. OCLC 679319405 - via Internet Archive.
* Geffner, Robert; Sorenson, Susan B.; Lundberg-Love, Paula K. (1997). Violence and Sexual Abuse at Home: Current Issues in Spousal Battering and Child Maltreatment. New York. ISBN 978-1-317-76465-6. OCLC 868068041 - via Internet Archive.
* Reynolds, Leigh Ann (1997). "People with Mental Retardation & Sexual Abuse. the Arc Q & A" (PDF). Arc National Headquarters. OCLC 967115355. ERIC ED416651.
* Sobsey, Richard (1994). Violence and Abuse in the Lives of People With Disabilities: The End of Silent Acceptance?. Baltimore: P.H. Brooks Pub. Co. ISBN 1-55766-148-0. OCLC 621974642 - via Internet Archive.
* Sobsey, Richard; Varnhagen, Connie (1989). "Sexual abuse and exploitation of people with disabilities: Toward Prevention and Treatment". In Csapo, Marg; Goguen, Leonard (eds.). Special Education across Canada: issues and concerns for the '90s. Vancouver: Centre for Human Development and Research. pp. 199–218). ISBN 0-919291-25-2. OCLC 22539921.
* Valenti-Hein, Denise; Schwartz, Linda D (1995). Sexual Abuse Interview for those With Developmental Disabilities. Santa Barbara, CA, US: James Stanfield Company. OCLC 4769388904.
* Walker, Evelyn; Young, Perry Deane (1986). A Killing Cure. New York: H. Holt. ISBN 0-03-069906-1. OCLC 572278511 - via Internet Archive. "One Woman's True Account of Sexual and Drug Abuse and Near Death at the Hands of Her Psychiatrist"

## External links[edit | edit source]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sexual abuse.

* Sexual abuse at Curlie
* "Child Sexual Abuse". MedlinePlus.

* v
* t
* e

Outline of human sexuality

Physiology
and biology|

* Erection
* Insemination
* Intersex
* Libido
* Nocturnal emission
* Orgasm
* Female and male ejaculation
* Pelvic thrust
* Pre-ejaculate
* Pregnancy
* Sexual arousal
* Sexual stimulation

Health and
education|

* Birth control
* Condom
* Masters and Johnson
* Obesity and sexuality
* Reproductive medicine
* Andrology
* Gynaecology
* Urology
* Safe sex
* Sex education
* Sex therapy (PLISSIT model)
* Sexology
* Sexual dysfunction
* Erectile dysfunction
* Hypersexuality
* Hyposexuality
* Sexual medicine
* Sexual surrogate
* Sexually transmitted infection

Identity and diversity|

* Gender binary
* Gender identity
* Men who have sex with men
* Sexual identity
* Sexual orientation
* Women who have sex with women

Law|

* Age of consent
* Criminal transmission of HIV
* Child sexual abuse
* Incest
* Indecent exposure
* Obscenity
* Sexual abuse
* Cybersex trafficking
* Rape
* Sex trafficking
* Sexual assault
* Sexual harassment
* Sexual misconduct
* Sexual slavery
* Sexual violence

History|

* Blue Movie
* Counterculture of the 1960s
* Feminist sex wars
* Golden Age of Porn
* History of erotic depictions
* Sexual revolution

Relationships
and society|

* Anarchism and love/sex
* Extramarital sex
* Family planning
* Flirting
* Free love
* Marriage
* Modesty
* Polyamory
* Premarital sex
* Promiscuity
* Romance
* Sex-positive movement
* Sexual abstinence
* Sexual addiction
* Sexual attraction
* Sexual capital
* Sexual ethics
* Sexual objectification
* Sexual slang

By country|

* Ancient Rome
* China
* India
* Japan
* Philippines
* South Korea
* United States

Sexual activities|

* Conventional sex
* Anal sex
* Bareback
* BDSM
* Child sex
* Creampie
* Edging
* Erotic sexual denial
* Fetishism
* Fingering
* Fisting
* Gang bang
* Group sex
* Masturbation
* Mechanics of sex
* Nipple stimulation
* Non-penetrative sex
* Facial
* Foot fetishism
* Footjob
* Forced orgasm
* Frot
* Handjob
* Mammary intercourse
* Sumata
* Oral sex
* 69
* Anilingus
* Cunnilingus
* Fellatio
* Irrumatio
* Paraphilia
* Pompoir
* Quickie
* Sex in space
* Sex positions
* Sexual fantasy
* Sexual fetishism
* Sexual intercourse
* Foreplay
* Sexual penetration
* Swinging
* Tribadism
* Urethral intercourse
* Urolagnia
* Virtual sex
* Cybersex
* Erotic talk
* Wet T-shirt contest

Sex industry|

* Red-light district
* Adult video games
* Erotica
* Pornography
* Film actor
* Prostitution
* Survival sex
* Sex museum
* Sex shop
* Sex tourism
* Child
* Female
* Sex worker
* Sex toy
* doll
* Strip club
* Webcam model

Religion and
sexuality|

* Buddhism
* Christian demonology
* Daoism
* Islam
* Mormonism
* Sex magic

* v
* t
* e

Sexual ethics

Human sexuality|

* Adolescent sexuality
* Rainbow party
* Adultery
* Education
* Fetishism
* Incest
* law
* Infidelity
* Miscegenation
* Obesity and sexuality
* Objectification
* Orientation
* Pornography
* (gay)
* (law)
* (lesbian)
* (women's)
* Pregnancy
* Abortion
* Prostitution
* law
* Reproductive rights
* Right to sexuality
* Sex-positive feminism
* Sex-positive movement
* Sex workers' rights
* Survival sex

Child sexuality|

* Child marriage
* Child pornography
* law
* Child prostitution
* Child sex tourism

Sexual abuse|

* Child-on-child sexual abuse
* Child sexual abuse
* law
* Cybersex trafficking
* Harassment
* Rape
* law
* Sex trafficking
* Sexual slavery

Age of consent (reform)|

* Africa
* Asia
* Europe
* North America
* United States
* Oceania
* South America

* Topical outline

* v
* t
* e

Sexual abuse

Forms|

* Bride kidnapping
* Child
* Child-on-child
* Child exploitation
* Child pornography
* Child prostitution
* Child sex tourism
* Cybersex trafficking
* Forced prostitution
* Genital modification and mutilation
* Money marriage
* Rape
* Campus
* Date
* Gray
* Marital
* Prison
* Statutory
* Of males
* Raptio
* Revenge porn
* Sex trafficking
* Sexual assault
* Sexual bullying
* Sexual harassment
* Sexual misconduct
* Sexual slavery
* Sexual violence
* War

Sociological
theories|

* Aggression
* Causes of sexual violence
* Effects and aftermath of rape
* Misandry
* Misogyny
* Rape culture
* Rape trauma syndrome
* Sociobiological theories of rape
* Victim blaming

Laws|

* Laws regarding child sexual abuse
* Laws regarding rape
* Sexually violent predator laws

Related topics|

* Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome
* False allegation of child sexual abuse

* v
* t
* e

Abuse

Types|

* Anti-social behaviour
* Bullying
* Child abuse
* neglect
* sexual
* military
* marriage
* Cruelty to animals
* Disability abuse
* military draft
* Domestic abuse
* Elder abuse
* Financial
* Marriage
* Gaslighting
* Harassment
* Humiliation
* Incivility
* Institutional abuse
* Intimidation
* Neglect
* Persecution
* Professional abuse
* Psychological abuse
* Physical abuse
* Social abuse
* Police brutality
* Religious abuse
* Sexual abuse
* Stalking
* Structural abuse
* Verbal abuse
* more...

Related topics|

* Abuse of power
* Abusive power and control
* Child grooming
* Complex post-traumatic stress disorder
* Dehumanization
* Denial
* Destabilisation
* Exaggeration
* Isolation
* Just-world hypothesis
* Lying
* Manipulation
* Minimisation
* Narcissism
* Psychological projection
* Psychological trauma
* Psychopathy
* Rationalization
* Traumatic bonding
* Victim blaming
* Victim playing
* Victimisation

* v
* t
* e

Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Cases|

| By context|

* In confession

|

By country|

* Argentina
* Austria
* Australia
* Belgium
* Canada
* Chile
* El Salvador
* Germany
* Ireland
* Italy
* Poland
* United Kingdom
* United States

By religious institute|

* English Benedictine Congregation
* Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God
* Christian Brothers
* Legion of Christ
* Salesian order
* Sisters of Mercy
* Society of Jesus

By clerics|

| Cardinals|

* Hans Hermann Groër (1998)
* Stanisław Dziwisz (1998)
* Bernard Francis Law (2002)
* Angelo Sodano (2010)
* Keith O'Brien (2015)
* Edward Egan (2018)
* Theodore McCarrick (2019)
* Ricardo Ezzati (2019)

|

Bishops|

* Joseph Keith Symons (1998)
* Anthony O'Connell (2002)
* John Charles McQuaid (2009)
* Georg Müller (2009)
* Raymond Lahey (2012)
* Józef Wesołowski (2013)
* Marco Órdenes Fernández (2018)
* Francisco José Cox (2018)
* Gonzalo Duarte García de Cortázar (2018)
* Cristián Caro Cordero (2018)
* Franco Mulakkal (2018)
* Juan Barros Madrid (2018)
* Philip Wilson (2018)
* Edward Joseph Adams (2019)

Priests|

* Category:Catholic priests convicted of sexual abuse

Responses|

| Catholic
Church|

| Holy See|

* Roman Curia
* Crimen sollicitationis (1962)
* The Role of the Church in the Causation, Treatment and Prevention of the Crisis in the Priesthood (1971)
* Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations (2005)
* Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors (2014)
* Vatican sexual abuse summit (2019)
* Vos estis lux mundi [2019]

|

US Conference of
Catholic Bishops|

* Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People (2002)
* John Jay Report (2004)

Other|

* Settlements and bankruptcies (since 1994)
* Virtus (1998)
* Hussey Commission (2002)

See also|

* Parish transfers of abusive Catholic priests (c. 1956–2011)

Governments|

* Hughes Inquiry
* Ferns Report
* Ryan Commission
* McCoy Report
* McCullough Report
* Murphy Report
* Pennsylvania Grand Jury Report
* Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse

Activists|

* Duplessis Orphans
* Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests
* Voice of the Faithful
* Barbara Blaine
* David Clohessy
* Richard Sipe
* Phil Saviano

Pre-modern|

* Liber Gomorrhianus
* Katharina von Zimmern

Popular
culture|

* Judgment (1990 film)
* The Boys of St. Vincent (1992 miniseries)
* Sex in a Cold Climate (1998 documentary)
* States of Fear (1999 documentary)
* "Red Hot Catholic Love" (2002 South Park episode)
* Suing the Pope (2002 documentary)
* The Magdalene Sisters (2002 film)
* Cardinal Secrets (2002 documentary)
* Song for a Raggy Boy (2004 film)
* Holy Water-Gate (2004 documentary)
* Twist of Faith (2004 documentary)
* Bad Education (2004 film)
* Our Fathers (2005 film)
* Sex Crimes and the Vatican (2006 documentary)
* Deliver Us from Evil (2006 film)
* Hand of God (2006 documentary)
* Doubt (2008 film)
* Mea Maxima Culpa: Silence in the House of God (2012 documentary)
* Secrets of the Vatican (2014 documentary)
* Perfect Obedience (2014 film)
* Spotlight (2015 film)
* The Club (2015 film)
* The Keepers (2017 documentary miniseries)
* By the Grace of God (2019 film)
* Tell No One (2019 documentary)

Related|

* Debate on the causes of clerical child abuse
* Media coverage of Catholic sexual abuse cases
* Clericalism
* Homosexual clergy in the Catholic Church
* Anti-Catholicism
* Criticism of the Catholic Church
* In literature and media

*   *

* v
* t
* e

Consequences of external causes

Temperature|

| Elevated|

* Burn
* Hyperthermia
* Heat syncope

|

Reduced|

* Hypothermia
* Immersion foot syndromes
* Trench foot
* Tropical immersion foot
* Warm water immersion foot
* Non-freezing cold injury
* Chilblains
* Frostbite
* Aerosol burn
* Cold intolerance
* Acrocyanosis
* Erythrocyanosis crurum

Radiation|

* Chronic radiation keratosis
* Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy
* Radiation acne
* Radiation burn
* Radiation-induced cancer
* Radiation-induced erythema multiforme
* Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar
* Radiation-induced keloid
* Radiation-induced morphea
* Radiation poisoning
* Radiation recall reaction
* Sunburn

Oxygen|

* Hypoxia/Asphyxia
* Oxygen toxicity

Pressure|

* Barotrauma
* Arterial gas embolism
* Aerosinusitis
* Middle ear barotrauma
* Pneumothorax
* Decompression sickness
* Inner ear decompression sickness
* High altitude
* Altitude sickness
* Chronic mountain sickness
* Death zone
* High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
* High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE)

Food|

* Starvation

Maltreatment|

* Physical abuse
* Sexual abuse
* Psychological abuse

Travel|

* Motion sickness
* Seasickness
* Airsickness
* Space adaptation syndrome

Adverse effect|

* Hypersensitivity
* Anaphylaxis
* Angioedema
* Allergy
* Arthus reaction

* Adverse drug reaction

Other|

* Electrical injury
* Lightning injuries
* Drowning

Ungrouped
skin conditions
resulting from
physical factors|

* Dermatosis neglecta
* Pinch mark
* Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules
* Sclerosing lymphangitis
* Tropical anhidrotic asthenia
* UV-sensitive syndrome
* environmental skin conditions
* Electrical burn
* frictional/traumatic/sports
* Black heel and palm
* Equestrian perniosis
* Jogger's nipple
* Pulling boat hands
* Runner's rump
* Surfer's knots
* Tennis toe
* Vibration white finger
* Weathering nodule of ear
* Wrestler's ear
* Coral cut
* Painful fat herniation
* Uranium dermatosis
* iv use
* Skin pop scar
* Skin track
* Slap mark
* Pseudoacanthosis nigricans
* Narcotic dermopathy

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* Commons
* Glossary
* Outline
* Portal

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