The Washington Post

American daily newspaper

"WaPo" redirects here. For other uses, see WAPO and Washington Post (disambiguation).

The Washington PostDemocracy Dies in Darkness

File:The Logo of The Washington Post Newspaper.svg

Landing page of website issue on 2023-07-31

Type| Daily newspaper
Format| Broadsheet and online publication
Owner(s)| Nash Holdings
Founder(s)| Stilson Hutchins
Publisher| Fred Ryan[1]
Editor-in-chief| Sally Buzbee
Staff writers| ~1,050 (journalists)[2]
Founded| December 6, 1877; 148 years ago (1877-12-06)
Language| English
Headquarters|

* 1301 K Street NW
* Washington, D.C., U.S. 20071[3]

Country| United States
Circulation| 159,040 Average print circulation[4]
ISSN| 0190-8286
OCLC number| 2269358

* Media of the United States
* List of newspapers

The Washington Post (also known as the Post[5] and, informally, WaPo) is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area[6][7] and has a large national audience. Daily broadsheet editions are printed for D.C., Maryland, and Virginia.

The Post was founded in 1877. In its early years, it went through several owners and struggled both financially and editorially. Financier Eugene Meyer purchased it out of bankruptcy in 1933 and revived its health and reputation, work continued by his successors Katharine and Phil Graham (Meyer's daughter and son-in-law), who bought out several rival publications. The Post's 1971 printing of the Pentagon Papers helped spur opposition to the Vietnam War. Subsequently, in the best-known episode in the newspaper's history, reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein led the American press's investigation into what became known as the Watergate scandal, which resulted in the 1974 resignation of President Richard Nixon. The advent of the internet expanded the Post's national and international reach. In October 2013, the Graham family sold the newspaper to Nash Holdings, a holding company owned by Jeff Bezos, for $250 million.[8][9]

The newspaper has won the Pulitzer Prize 65 times for its work,[10] the second-most of any publication (after The New York Times).[11] It is considered a newspaper of record in the U.S.[12][13][14] Post journalists have also received 18 Nieman Fellowships and 368 White House News Photographers Association awards.[15][16] The paper is well known for its political reporting and is one of the few remaining American newspapers to operate foreign bureaus.

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 Publishing service
* 3 History
* 3.1 Founding and early period
* 3.2 Meyer–Graham period
* 3.3 Jeff Bezos era (2013–present)
* 4 Political stance
* 4.1 1933–2000
* 4.2 2000–present
* 4.2.1 Political endorsements
* 5 Criticism and controversies
* 5.1 "Jimmy's World" fabrication
* 5.2 Private "salon" solicitation
* 5.3 China Daily advertising supplements
* 5.4 Employee relations
* 5.5 Lawsuit by Covington Catholic High School student
* 5.6 Controversial op-eds and columns
* 5.7 Criticism by elected officials
* 6 Executive officers and editors
* 7 Notable staff
* 8 See also
* 9 References
* 10 Further reading
* 11 External links

## Overview[edit | edit source]

File:Washington Post building.jpg

The previous headquarters of The Washington Post on 15th Street NW in Washington, D.C.

The Washington Post is regarded as one of the leading daily American newspapers[17] along with The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, and The Wall Street Journal. The Post has distinguished itself through its political reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress, and other aspects of the U.S. government. It is considered a newspaper of record in the U.S.[12][13][14]

Unlike The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post does not print an edition for distribution away from the East Coast. In 2009, the newspaper ceased publication of its National Weekly Edition (a combination of stories from the week's print editions), due to shrinking circulation.[18] The majority of its newsprint readership is in the District of Columbia and its suburbs in Maryland and Northern Virginia.[19]

The newspaper is one of a few U.S. newspapers with foreign bureaus, which are located in Baghdad, Beijing, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Cairo, Dakar, Hong Kong, Islamabad, Istanbul, Jerusalem, London, Mexico City, Moscow, Nairobi, New Delhi, Rio de Janeiro, Rome, Tokyo and Toronto.[20] In November 2009, it announced the closure of its U.S. regional bureaus—Chicago, Los Angeles and New York—as part of an increased focus on "political stories and local news coverage in Washington."[21] The newspaper has local bureaus in Maryland (Annapolis, Montgomery County, Prince George's County, and Southern Maryland) and Virginia (Alexandria, Fairfax, Loudoun County, Richmond, and Prince William County).[22]

As of May 2013[update], its average weekday circulation was 474,767, according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, making it the seventh largest newspaper in the country by circulation, behind USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the Daily News, and the New York Post. Although its circulation (like almost all newspapers) has been slipping, it has one of the highest market penetration rates of any metropolitan news daily.

For many decades, the Post had its main office at 1150 15th Street NW. This real estate remained with Graham Holdings when the newspaper was sold to Jeff Bezos' Nash Holdings in 2013. Graham Holdings sold 1150 15th Street (along with 1515 L Street, 1523 L Street, and land beneath 1100 15th Street) for US$159 million in November 2013. The Washington Post continued to lease space at 1150 L Street NW.[23] In May 2014, The Washington Post leased the west tower of One Franklin Square, a high-rise building at 1301 K Street NW in Washington, D.C. The newspaper moved into its new offices on December 14, 2015.[24]

Mary Jordan was the founding editor, head of content, and moderator for Washington Post Live,[25][26] The Post's editorial events business, which organizes political debates, conferences and news events for the media company, including "The 40th Anniversary of Watergate" in June 2012 that featured key Watergate figures including former White House counsel John Dean, Washington Post editor Ben Bradlee, and reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, which was held at the Watergate hotel. Regular hosts include Frances Stead Sellers[27][28][29] Lois Romano was formerly the editor of Washington Post Live.[30]

The Post has its own exclusive zip code, 20071.

## Publishing service[edit | edit source]

Arc XP is a department of The Washington Post, which provides a publishing system and software for news organizations such as the Chicago Tribune and the Los Angeles Times.[31][32]

## History[edit | edit source]

### Founding and early period[edit | edit source]

File:Sign, "Welcome Home From the Crow-Eaters," on the front of the Washington Post Building in Washington, DC. President... - NARA - 199955.jpg

The Washington Post building the week after the 1948 Presidential election. The "Crow-Eaters" sign is addressed to Harry Truman, after his surprise re-election.

The newspaper was founded in 1877 by Stilson Hutchins (1838–1912), and in 1880 it added a Sunday edition, becoming the city's first newspaper to publish seven days a week.[33]

File:Washington Post and Union masthead 18780416.jpg

The Washington Post and Union masthead, April 16, 1878

In April 1878, about four months into publication, The Washington Post purchased The Washington Union, a competing newspaper which was founded by John Lynch in late 1877. The Union had only been in operation about six months at the time of the acquisition. The combined newspaper was published from the Globe Building as The Washington Post and Union beginning on April 15, 1878, with a circulation of 13,000.[34][35] The Post and Union name was used about two weeks until April 29, 1878, returning to the original masthead the following day.[36]

In 1889, Hutchins sold the newspaper to Frank Hatton, a former Postmaster General, and Beriah Wilkins, a former Democratic congressman from Ohio. To promote the newspaper, the new owners requested the leader of the United States Marine Band, John Philip Sousa, to compose a march for the newspaper's essay contest awards ceremony. Sousa composed "The Washington Post".[37] It became the standard music to accompany the two-step, a late 19th-century dance craze,[38] and remains one of Sousa's best-known works.

In 1893, the newspaper moved to a building at 14th and E streets NW, where it would remain until 1950. This building combined all functions of the newspaper into one headquarters – newsroom, advertising, typesetting, and printing – that ran 24 hours per day.[39]

In 1898, during the Spanish–American War, the Post printed Clifford K. Berryman's classic illustration Remember the Maine, which became the battle-cry for American sailors during the War. In 1902, Berryman published another famous cartoon in the Post – Drawing the Line in Mississippi. This cartoon depicts President Theodore Roosevelt showing compassion for a small bear cub and inspired New York store owner Morris Michtom to create the teddy bear.[40]

Wilkins acquired Hatton's share of the newspaper in 1894 at Hatton's death. After Wilkins' death in 1903, his sons John and Robert ran the Post for two years before selling it in 1905 to John Roll McLean, owner of the Cincinnati Enquirer. During the Wilson presidency, the Post was credited with the "most famous newspaper typo" in D.C. history according to Reason magazine; the Post intended to report that President Wilson had been "entertaining" his future-wife Mrs. Galt, but instead wrote that he had been "entering" Mrs. Galt.[41][42][43]

When John McLean died in 1916, he put the newspaper in trust, having little faith that his playboy son Edward "Ned" McLean could manage his inheritance. Ned went to court and broke the trust, but, under his management, the newspaper slumped toward ruin. He bled the paper for his lavish lifestyle, and used it to promote political agendas.[44]

During the Red Summer of 1919 the Post supported the white mobs and even ran a front-page story which advertised the location at which white servicemen were planning to meet to carry out attacks on black Washingtonians.[45]

### Meyer–Graham period[edit | edit source]

In 1929, financier Eugene Meyer (who had run the War Finance Corp. since World War I[46]) secretly made an offer of $5 million for the Post, but he was rebuffed by Ned McLean.[47][48] On June 1, 1933, Meyer bought the paper at a bankruptcy auction for $825,000 three weeks after stepping down as Chairman of the Federal Reserve. He had bid anonymously, and was prepared to go up to $2 million, far higher than the other bidders.[49][50] These included William Randolph Hearst, who had long hoped to shut down the ailing Post to benefit his own Washington newspaper presence.[51]

The Post's health and reputation were restored under Meyer's ownership. In 1946, he was succeeded as publisher by his son-in-law, Philip Graham.[52] Meyer eventually gained the last laugh over Hearst, who had owned the old Washington Times and the Herald before their 1939 merger that formed the Times-Herald. This was in turn bought by and merged into the Post in 1954.[53] The combined paper was officially named The Washington Post and Times-Herald until 1973, although the Times-Herald portion of the nameplate became less and less prominent over time. The merger left the Post with two remaining local competitors, the Washington Star (Evening Star) and The Washington Daily News which merged in 1972, forming the Washington Star-News.[54][55]

File:Land on the Moon 7 21 1969-repair.jpg

The Monday, July 21, 1969, edition, with the headline "'The Eagle Has Landed'‍--‌Two Men Walk on the Moon"

After Phil Graham's death in 1963, control of The Washington Post Company passed to his wife Katharine Graham (1917–2001), who was also Eugene Meyer's daughter. Few women had run prominent national newspapers in the United States. Katharine Graham described her own anxiety and lack of confidence as she stepped into a leadership role in her autobiography. She served as publisher from 1969 to 1979.[56]

Graham took The Washington Post Company public on June 15, 1971, in the midst of the Pentagon Papers controversy. A total of 1,294,000 shares were offered to the public at $26 per share.[57][58] By the end of Graham's tenure as CEO in 1991, the stock was worth $888 per share, not counting the effect of an intermediate 4:1 stock split.[59]

During this time, Graham also oversaw the Post company's diversification purchase of the for-profit education and training company Kaplan, Inc. for $40 million in 1984.[60] Twenty years later, Kaplan had surpassed the Post newspaper as the company's leading contributor to income, and by 2010 Kaplan accounted for more than 60% of the entire company revenue stream.[61]

Executive editor Ben Bradlee put the newspaper's reputation and resources behind reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, who, in a long series of articles, chipped away at the story behind the 1972 burglary of Democratic National Committee offices in the Watergate complex in Washington. The Post's dogged coverage of the story, the outcome of which ultimately played a major role in the resignation of President Richard Nixon, won the newspaper a Pulitzer Prize in 1973.[62]

In 1972, the "Book World" section was introduced with Pulitzer Prize-winning critic William McPherson as its first editor.[63] It featured Pulitzer Prize-winning critics such as Jonathan Yardley and Michael Dirda, the latter of whom established his career as a critic at the Post. In 2009, after 37 years, with great reader outcries and protest, The Washington Post Book World as a standalone insert was discontinued, the last issue being Sunday, February 15, 2009,[64] along with a general reorganization of the paper, such as placing the Sunday editorials on the back page of the main front section rather than the "Outlook" section and distributing some other locally oriented "op-ed" letters and commentaries in other sections.[65] However, book reviews are still published in the Outlook section on Sundays and in the Style section the rest of the week, as well as online.[65]

In 1975, the pressmen's union went on strike. The Post hired replacement workers to replace the pressmen's union, and other unions returned to work in February 1976.[66]

Donald E. Graham, Katharine's son, succeeded her as a publisher in 1979.[56]

In 1995, the domain name washingtonpost.com was purchased. That same year, a failed effort to create an online news repository called Digital Ink launched. The following year it was shut down and the first website was launched in June 1996.[67]

### Jeff Bezos era (2013–present)[edit | edit source]

File:Washington Post demolition 2016.jpg

Demolition of the 15th Street headquarters in April 2016

File:Franklin Park & One Franklin Square - Washington, D.C..jpg

One Franklin Square, the current home of the Post

In late September 2013, Jeff Bezos purchased the paper for US$250 million.[68][69][70] The newspaper is now owned by Nash Holdings LLC, a company controlled by Bezos.[69] The sale also included other local publications, websites, and real estate.[71][72][73] The paper's former parent company, which retained some other assets such as Kaplan and a group of TV stations, was renamed Graham Holdings Company shortly after the sale.[8][74]

Nash Holdings, including the Post, is operated separately from technology company Amazon, which Bezos founded and where he is, as of 2022[update], executive chairman and the largest single shareholder (with 12.7% of voting rights).[75][76]

Bezos said he has a vision that recreates "the 'daily ritual' of reading the Post as a bundle, not merely a series of individual stories..."[77] He has been described as a "hands-off owner", holding teleconference calls with executive editor Martin Baron every two weeks.[78] Bezos appointed Fred Ryan (founder and CEO of Politico) to serve as publisher and chief executive officer. This signaled Bezos' intent to shift the Post to a more digital focus with a national and global readership.[79]

In 2014, the Post announced it was moving from 1150 15th Street to a leased space three blocks away at One Franklin Square on K Street.[80] In recent years, the Post launched an online personal finance section,[81] as well as a blog and a podcast with a retro theme.[82][83] The Post won the 2020 Webby People's Voice Award for News & Politics in the Social and Web categories.[84]

In 2017, the paper hired columnist Jamal Khashoggi, who was murdered by Saudi agents in Istanbul in 2018.[85][86]

## Political stance[edit | edit source]

### 1933–2000[edit | edit source]

When financier Eugene Meyer bought the bankrupt Post in 1933, he assured the public he would not be beholden to any party.[87] But as a leading Republican (it was his old friend Herbert Hoover who had made him Federal Reserve Chairman in 1930), his opposition to FDR's New Deal colored the paper's editorial stance as well as its news coverage. This included editorializing "news" stories written by Meyer under a pseudonym.[88][89][90] His wife Agnes Ernst Meyer was a journalist from the other end of the spectrum politically. The Post ran many of her pieces including tributes to her personal friends John Dewey and Saul Alinsky.[91][92][93][94]

Eugene Meyer became head of the World Bank in 1946, and he named his son-in-law Phil Graham to succeed him as Post publisher. The post-war years saw the developing friendship of Phil and Kay Graham with the Kennedys, the Bradlees and the rest of the "Georgetown Set" (many Harvard alumni) that would color the Post's political orientation.[95] Kay Graham's most memorable Georgetown soirée guest list included British diplomat/communist spy Donald Maclean.[96][97]

The Post is credited with coining the term "McCarthyism" in a 1950 editorial cartoon by Herbert Block.[98] Depicting buckets of tar, it made fun of Sen. Joseph McCarthy's "tarring" tactics, i.e., smear campaigns and character assassination against those targeted by his accusations. Sen. McCarthy was attempting to do for the Senate what the House Un-American Activities Committee had been doing for years—investigating Soviet espionage in America. The HUAC made Richard Nixon nationally known for his role in the Hiss/Chambers case that exposed communist spying in the State Department. The committee had evolved from the McCormack-Dickstein Committee of the 1930s.[99]

Two United States soldiers and one South Vietnamese soldier waterboard a captured North Vietnamese prisoner of war. The publication of the image on the front cover of The Washington Post on 21 January 1968 led to the court-martial of one of the United States soldiers, although The Washington Post described waterboarding as "fairly common".[100][101]

Phil Graham's friendship with JFK remained strong until their untimely deaths in 1963.[102] FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover reportedly told the new President Lyndon B. Johnson, "I don't have much influence with the Post because I frankly don't read it. I view it like the Daily Worker."[103][104]

Ben Bradlee became the editor-in-chief in 1968, and Kay Graham officially became the publisher in 1969, paving the way for the aggressive reporting of the Pentagon Papers and Watergate scandals. The Post strengthened public opposition to the Vietnam War in 1971 when it published the Pentagon Papers.[105] In the mid-1970s, some conservatives referred to the Post as "Pravda on the Potomac" because of its perceived left-wing bias in both reporting and editorials.[106] Since then, the appellation has been used by both liberal and conservative critics of the newspaper.[107][108]

### 2000–present[edit | edit source]

In the PBS documentary Buying the War, journalist Bill Moyers said in the year prior to the Iraq War there were 27 editorials supporting the Bush administration's ambitions to invade the country. National security correspondent Walter Pincus reported that he had been ordered to cease his reports that were critical of the administration.[109] According to author and journalist Greg Mitchell: "By the Post's own admission, in the months before the war, it ran more than 140 stories on its front page promoting the war, while contrary information got lost".[110]

On March 26, 2007, Chris Matthews said on his television program, "Well, The Washington Post is not the liberal newspaper it was, Congressman, let me tell you. I have been reading it for years and it is a neocon newspaper".[111] It has regularly published a mixture of op-ed columnists, with some of them left-leaning (including E. J. Dionne, Dana Milbank, Greg Sargent, and Eugene Robinson), and some of them right-leaning (including George Will, Marc Thiessen, Michael Gerson and Charles Krauthammer).

In a study published on April 18, 2007, by Yale professors Alan Gerber, Dean Karlan, and Daniel Bergan, citizens were given a subscription to either the conservative-leaning Washington Times or the liberal-leaning Washington Post to see the effect that media has on voting patterns. Gerber had estimated based on his work that the Post slanted as much to the left as the Times did to the right. Gerber found those who were given a free subscription of the Post were 7.9–11.4% more likely to vote for the Democratic candidate for governor than those assigned to the control group, depending on the adjustment for the date on which individual participants were surveyed and the survey interviewer; however, people who received the Times were also more likely than controls to vote for the Democrat, with an effect approximately 60% as large as that estimated for the Post.[112][113] The study authors said that sampling error might have played a role in the effect of the conservative-leaning Times, as might the fact that the Democratic candidate took more conservative-leaning positions than is typical for his party, and "the month prior to the post-election survey was a difficult period for President Bush, one in which his overall approval rating fell by approximately 4 percentage points nationwide. It appears that heightened exposure to both papers' news coverage, despite opposing ideological slants, moved public opinion away from Republicans."[113]

In November 2007, the newspaper was criticized by independent journalist Robert Parry for reporting on anti-Obama chain e-mails without sufficiently emphasizing to its readers the false nature of the anonymous claims.[114] In 2009, Parry criticized the newspaper for its allegedly unfair reporting on liberal politicians, including Vice President Al Gore and President Barack Obama.[115]

Responding to criticism of the newspaper's coverage during the run-up to the 2008 presidential election, former Post ombudsman Deborah Howell wrote: "The opinion pages have strong conservative voices; the editorial board includes centrists and conservatives; and there were editorials critical of Obama. Yet opinion was still weighted toward Obama."[116] According to a 2009 Oxford University Press book by Richard Davis on the impact of blogs on American politics, liberal bloggers link to The Washington Post and The New York Times more often than other major newspapers; however, conservative bloggers also link predominantly to liberal newspapers.[117]

In mid-September 2016, Matthew Ingram of Forbes joined Glenn Greenwald of The Intercept, and Trevor Timm of The Guardian in criticizing The Washington Post for "demanding that [former National Security Agency contractor Edward] Snowden ... stand trial on espionage charges".[118][119][120][121]

In February 2017, the Post adopted the slogan "Democracy Dies in Darkness" for its masthead.[122]

Since 2011, the Post has been running a column called "The Fact Checker" that the Post describes as a "truth squad".[123] The Fact Checker received a $250,000 grant from Google News Initiative/YouTube to expand production of video fact checks.[123]

#### Political endorsements[edit | edit source]

In the vast majority of U.S. elections, for federal, state, and local office, the Post editorial board has endorsed Democratic candidates.[124] The paper's editorial board and endorsement decision-making are separate from newsroom operations.[124] Until 1976, the Post did not regularly make endorsements in presidential elections. Since it endorsed Jimmy Carter in 1976, the Post has endorsed Democrats in presidential elections, and has never endorsed a Republican for president in the general election,[124] although in the 1988 presidential election, the Post declined to endorse either Governor Michael Dukakis (the Democratic candidate) or Vice President George H. W. Bush (the Republican candidate).[124][125] The Post editorial board endorsed Barack Obama in 2008[126] and 2012;[127] Hillary Clinton in 2016;[128] and Joe Biden for 2020.[129]

While the newspaper predominantly endorses Democrats in congressional, state, and local elections, it has occasionally endorsed Republican candidates.[124] While the paper has not endorsed Republican candidates for governor of Virginia,[124] it endorsed Maryland Governor Robert Ehrlich's unsuccessful bid for a second term in 2006.[124][130] In 2006, it repeated its historic endorsements of every Republican incumbent for Congress in Northern Virginia.[131] The Post editorial board endorsed Virginia's Republican U.S. Senator John Warner in his Senate reelection campaign in 1990, 1996 and 2002; the paper's most recent endorsement of a Maryland Republican for U.S. Senate was in the 1980s, when the paper endorsed Senator Charlies "Mac" Mathias Jr.[124] In U.S. House of Representatives elections, moderate Republicans in Virginia and Maryland, such as Wayne Gilchrest, Thomas M. Davis, and Frank Wolf, have enjoyed the support of the Post; the Post also has endorsed some Republicans, such as Carol Schwartz, in some D.C. races.[124]

## Criticism and controversies[edit | edit source]

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### "Jimmy's World" fabrication[edit | edit source]

In September 1980, a Sunday feature story appeared on the front page of the Post titled "Jimmy's World" in which reporter Janet Cooke wrote a profile of the life of an eight-year-old heroin addict.[132] Although some within the Post doubted the story's veracity, the paper's editors defended it, and assistant managing editor Bob Woodward submitted the story to the Pulitzer Prize Board at Columbia University for consideration.[133] Cooke was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing on April 13, 1981. The story was subsequently found to be a complete fabrication, and the Pulitzer was returned.[134]

### Private "salon" solicitation[edit | edit source]

In July 2009, in the midst of an intense debate over health care reform, The Politico reported that a health-care lobbyist had received an "astonishing" offer of access to the Post's "health-care reporting and editorial staff."[135] Post publisher Katharine Weymouth had planned a series of exclusive dinner parties or "salons" at her private residence, to which she had invited prominent lobbyists, trade group members, politicians, and business people.[136] Participants were to be charged $25,000 to sponsor a single salon, and $250,000 for 11 sessions, with the events being closed to the public and to the non-Post press.[137] Politico's revelation gained a somewhat mixed response in Washington[138][139][140] as it gave the impression that the parties' sole purpose was to allow insiders to purchase face time with Post staff.

Almost immediately following the disclosure, Weymouth canceled the salons, saying, "This should never have happened." White House counsel Gregory B. Craig reminded officials that under federal ethics rules, they need advance approval for such events. Post Executive Editor Marcus Brauchli, who was named on the flier as one of the salon's "Hosts and Discussion Leaders", said he was "appalled" by the plan, adding, "It suggests that access to Washington Post journalists was available for purchase."[141][136]

### China Daily advertising supplements[edit | edit source]

Dating back to 2011, The Washington Post began to include "China Watch" advertising supplements provided by China Daily, an English language newspaper owned by the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party, on the print and online editions. Although the header to the online "China Watch" section included the text "A Paid Supplement to The Washington Post", James Fallows of The Atlantic suggested that the notice was not clear enough for most readers to see.[142] Distributed to the Post and multiple newspapers around the world, the "China Watch" advertising supplements range from four to eight pages and appear at least monthly. According to a 2018 report by The Guardian, "China Watch" uses "a didactic, old-school approach to propaganda."[143]

In 2020, a report by Freedom House titled "Beijing's Global Megaphone" was also critical of the Post and other newspapers for distributing "China Watch".[144][145] In the same year, 35 Republican members of the U.S. Congress wrote a letter to the U.S. Department of Justice in February 2020 calling for an investigation of potential FARA violations by China Daily.[146] The letter named an article that appeared in the Post, "Education Flaws Linked to Hong Kong Unrest", as an example of "articles [that] serve as cover for China's atrocities, including ... its support for the crackdown in Hong Kong."[147] According to The Guardian, the Post had already stopped running "China Watch" in 2019.[148]

### Employee relations[edit | edit source]

In 1986, five employees (including Newspaper Guild unit chairman Thomas R. Sherwood and assistant Maryland editor Claudia Levy) sued The Washington Post for overtime pay, stating that the newspaper had claimed that budgets did not allow for overtime wages.[149]

In June 2018, over 400 employees of The Washington Post signed an open letter to the owner Jeff Bezos demanding "fair wages; fair benefits for retirement, family leave and health care; and a fair amount of job security." The open letter was accompanied by video testimonials from employees, who alleged "shocking pay practices" despite record growth in subscriptions at the newspaper, with salaries rising an average of $10 per week, which the letter claimed was less than half the rate of inflation. The petition followed on a year of unsuccessful negotiations between The Washington Post Guild and upper management over pay and benefit increases.[150]

In 2020, The Post suspended reporter Felicia Sonmez after she posted a series of tweets about the 2003 rape allegation against basketball star Kobe Bryant after Bryant's death. She was reinstated after over 200 Post journalists wrote an open letter criticizing the paper's decision.[151] In July 2021, Sonmez sued The Post and several of its top editors, alleging workplace discrimination; the suit was dismissed in March 2022, with the court determining that Sonmez had failed to make plausible claims.[152] In June 2022, Sonmez engaged in a Twitter feud with fellow Post staffers David Weigel (criticizing him over what he later described as "an offensive joke") and Jose A. Del Real (who accused Sonmez of "engaging in repeated and targeted public harassment of a colleague").[153] Following the feud, the newspaper suspended Weigel for a month for violating the company's social media guidelines, and the newspaper's executive editor Sally Buzbee sent out a newsroom-wide memorandum directing employees to "Be constructive and collegial" in their interactions with colleagues.[153] The newspaper fired Sonmez, writing in an emailed termination letter that she had engaged in "misconduct that includes insubordination, maligning your co-workers online and violating The Post's standards on workplace collegiality and inclusivity."[154]

### Lawsuit by Covington Catholic High School student[edit | edit source]

In 2019, Covington Catholic High School student Nick Sandmann filed a defamation lawsuit against the Post, alleging that it libeled him in seven articles regarding the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation between Covington students and the Indigenous Peoples March.[155][156] A federal judge dismissed the case, ruling that 30 of the 33 statements in the Post that Sandmann alleged were libelous were not, but allowed Sandmann to file an amended complaint as to three statements.[157] After Sandmann's lawyers amended the complaint, the suit was reopened on October 28, 2019.[158][159] In 2020, The Post settled the lawsuit brought by Sandmann for an undisclosed amount.[160]

### Controversial op-eds and columns[edit | edit source]

Several Washington Post op-eds and columns have prompted criticism, including a number of comments on race by columnist Richard Cohen over the years,[161][162] and a controversial 2014 column on campus sexual assault by George Will.[163][164] The Post's decision to run an op-ed by Mohammed Ali al-Houthi, a leader in Yemen's Houthi movement, was criticized by some activists on the basis that it provided a platform to an "anti-Western and antisemitic group supported by Iran."[165] The headline of a 2020 op-ed titled "It's time to give the elites a bigger say in choosing the president" was changed, without an editor's note, after backlash.[166] In 2022, actor Johnny Depp successfully sued ex-wife Amber Heard for an op-ed she wrote in The Washington Post where she described herself as a public figure representing domestic abuse two years after she had publicly accused him of domestic violence.

### Criticism by elected officials[edit | edit source]

Former president Donald Trump repeatedly railed against The Washington Post on his Twitter account,[167] having "tweeted or retweeted criticism of the paper, tying it to Amazon more than 20 times since his campaign for president" by August 2018.[168] In addition to often attacking the paper itself, Trump used Twitter to blast various Post journalists and columnists.[169]

During the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Senator Bernie Sanders repeatedly criticized The Washington Post, saying that its coverage of his campaign was slanted against him and attributing this to Jeff Bezos' purchase of the newspaper.[170][171] Sanders' criticism was echoed by the socialist magazine Jacobin[172] and the progressive journalist watchdog Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting.[173] Washington Post executive editor Marty Baron responded by saying that Sanders' criticism was "baseless and conspiratorial".[174]

## Executive officers and editors[edit | edit source]

Major stockholders

1. Stilson Hutchins (1877–1889)
2. Frank Hatton and Beriah Wilkins (1889–1905)
3. John R. McLean (1905–1916)
4. Edward (Ned) McLean (1916–1933)
5. Eugene Meyer (1933–1948)
6. The Washington Post Company (1948–2013)
7. Nash Holdings (Jeff Bezos) (2013–present)

Publishers

1. Stilson Hutchins (1877–1889)
2. Beriah Wilkins (1889–1905)
3. John R. McLean (1905–1916)
4. Edward (Ned) McLean (1916–1933)
5. Eugene Meyer (1933–1946)
6. Philip L. Graham (1946–1961)
7. John W. Sweeterman (1961–1968)
8. Katharine Graham (1969–1979)
9. Donald E. Graham (1979–2000)
10. Boisfeuillet Jones Jr. (2000–2008)
11. Katharine Weymouth (2008–2014)
12. Frederick J. Ryan Jr. (2014–present)

Executive editors

1. James Russell Wiggins (1955–1968)
2. Ben Bradlee (1968–1991)
3. Leonard Downie Jr. (1991–2008)
4. Marcus Brauchli (2008–2012)[175]
5. Martin Baron (2012–2021)[176]
6. Sally Buzbee (2021–present)[177]

## Notable staff[edit | edit source]

* Dan Balz, correspondent[178]
* Jonathan Capeheart, associate editor
* Robert Costa, reporter[179]
* Michael de Adder, editorial cartoonist[180]
* Karoun Demirjian, reporter[181]
* Shane Harris, reporter[182]
* Fred Hiatt, editorial page editor overseeing Opinions section[183]
* David Ignatius, opinion writer[184]
* Jamal Khashoggi, columnist
* Carol D. Leonnig[185]
* Ruth Marcus, deputy editorial page editor[186]
* J. J. McCullough, columnist[187]
* Dana Milbank, opinion writer[188]
* David Nakamura, reporter[189]
* Ashley Parker[190]
* Kathleen Parker, opinion writer[191]
* Catherine Rampell, opinion writer[192]
* Eugene Robinson, opinion writer[193]
* Jennifer Rubin, opinion writer[194]
* Philip Rucker[195]
* Michelle Singletary, personal finance columnist[196]
* Dayna Smith, photojournalist[197]
* Stephen Stromberg, Editorial Board[198]
* David Weigel[199]
* Leana Wen, contributing columnist focusing on public health[200]
* George F. Will, opinion writer[201]

## See also[edit | edit source]

* 1975–76 Washington Post pressmen's strike
* All the President's Men, a 1974 book by Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward about the Watergate scandal
* All the President's Men, a 1976 film based on Bernstein's and Woodward's book
* List of prizes won by The Washington Post
* The Post, a 2017 film based on the publication of the Pentagon Papers
* The Washington Star (1852–1981)
* The Washington Times (1982–present)

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## Further reading[edit | edit source]

* Kelly, Tom. The imperial Post: The Meyers, the Grahams, and the paper that rules Washington (Morrow, 1983)
* Lewis, Norman P. "Morning Miracle. Inside the Washington Post: A Great Newspaper Fights for Its Life". Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly (2011) 88#1 pp: 219.
* Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers (1980) pp 342–52
* Roberts, Chalmers McGeagh. In the shadow of power: the story of the Washington Post (Seven Locks Pr, 1989)

## External links[edit | edit source]

* Official website
* Today's The Washington Post front page at the Newseum website
* The Washington Post Company history at Graham Holdings Company
* The Washington Post channel in Telegram
* Scott Sherman, May 2002, "Donald Graham's Washington Post" Columbia Journalism Review. September / October 2002.
* "War Reporters – Imperial Life in the Emerald City" at the Wayback Machine (archived January 2, 2007)
* Jaffe, Harry. "Post Watch: Family Dynasty Continues with Katharine II", Washingtonian, February 26, 2008.
* "Washington+Post", Core.ac.uk, "Open access research papers" open access publication – free to read

* v
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Current White House James S. Brady Press Briefing Room seating chart

| Row| Podium

|

NBC News
Wall Street Journal
Politico
MSNBC/CNBC/Telemundo
Bloomberg BNA
Washington Examiner
Boston Globe/Washington Blade

Fox News
CBS News Radio
AP Radio/PBS
VOA
Time
Yahoo! News
Daily Caller/EWTN

CBS News
Bloomberg News
McClatchy
NY Post/TheGrio
Washington Times
Salem Radio/CBN
Cheddar News/Hearst TV

NPR
Foreign pool
The Hill
Regionals
Newsmax
Gray TV/Spectrum News

ABC News
Washington Post
Agence France-Presse
Fox Business/Fox News Radio
CSM/Roll Call
Al Jazeera
Nexstar/Newsy

Reuters
NY Times
LA Times
Univision/AURN
RealClearPolitics
Daily Beast/Dallas Morning News
BBC/Newsweek

CNN
USA Today
ABC News Radio
Daily Mail
National Journal
HuffPost
Financial Times/The Guardian

White House Correspondents' Association

Pulitzer Prizes

* v
* t
* e

Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting (2001–2025)

* Miami Herald (2001)
* Wall Street Journal (2002)
* Eagle-Tribune (2003)
* Los Angeles Times (2004)
* Star-Ledger (2005)
* Times-Picayune (2006)
* Oregonian (2007)
* Washington Post (2008)
* The New York Times (2009)
* Seattle Times (2010)
* The Tuscaloosa News (2012)
* The Denver Post (2013)
* The Boston Globe (2014)
* The Seattle Times (2015)
* Los Angeles Times (2016)
* East Bay Times (2017)
* The Press Democrat (2018)
* Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (2019)
* The Courier-Journal (2020)
* The Star Tribune (2021)
* Miami Herald (2022)

* Complete list
* (1985–2000)
* (2001–2025)

* v
* t
* e

Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting

Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, No Edition Time (1953–1963)

1953
Edward J. Mowery
1954
Alvin McCoy
1955
Roland Kenneth Towery
1956
Arthur Daley
1957
Wallace Turner
1958
George Beveridge
1959
John Harold Brislin
1960
Miriam Ottenberg
1961
Edgar May
1962
George Bliss
1963
Oscar Griffin Jr.

Pulitzer Prize for Local Investigative Specialized Reporting (1964–1984)

1964
James V. Magee
Albert V. Gaudiosi
Frederick Meyer
1965
Gene Goltz
1966
John Anthony Frasca
1967
Gene Miller
1968
J. Anthony Lukas
1969
Al Delugach
Denny Walsh
1970
Harold E. Martin
1971
William Jones
1972
Timothy Leland
Gerard M. O'Neill
Stephen Kurkjian
Ann Desantis
1973
The Sun Newspapers of Omaha
1974
William Sherman
1975
The Indianapolis Star
1976
Chicago Tribune
1977
Acel Moore
Wendell Rawls Jr.
1978
Anthony R. Dolan
1979
Gilbert M. Gaul
Elliot G. Jaspin
1980
Stephen Kurkjian
Alexander B. Hawes Jr.
Nils Bruzelius
Joan Vennochi
Robert M. Porterfield
1981
Clark Hallas
Robert B. Lowe
1982
Paul Henderson
1983
Loretta Tofani
1984
Kenneth Cooper
Joan Fitz Gerald
Jonathan Kaufman
Norman Lockman
Gary McMillan
Kirk Scharfenberg
David Wessel

Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting (1985–present)

1985
Lucy Morgan
Jack Reed
William K. Marimow
1986
Jeffrey A. Marx
Michael M. York
1987
Daniel R. Biddle
H.G. Bissinger
Fredric N. Tulsky
John Woestendiek
1988
Dean Baquet
William C. Gaines
Ann Marie Lipinski
1989
Bill Dedman
1990
Lou Kilzer
1991
Joseph T. Hallinan
Susan M. Headden
1992
Lorraine Adams
Dan Malone
1993
Jeff Brazil
Steve Berry
1994
Providence Journal-Bulletin
1995
Stephanie Saul
Brian Donovan
1996
The Orange County Register
1997
Eric Nalder
Deborah Nelson
Alex Tizon
1998
Gary Cohn
Will Englund
1999
Miami Herald
2000
Sang-Hun Choe
Charles J. Hanley
Martha Mendoza
2001
David Willman
2002
Sari Horwitz
Scott Higham
Sarah Cohen
2003
Clifford J. Levy
2004
Michael D. Sallah
Joe Mahr
Mitch Weiss
2005
Nigel Jaquiss
2006
Susan Schmidt
James V. Grimaldi
R. Jeffrey Smith
2007
Brett Blackledge
2008
Walt Bogdanich
Jake Hooker
Chicago Tribune
2009
David Barstow
2010
Barbara Laker
Wendy Ruderman
Sheri Fink
2011
Paige St. John
2012
Matt Apuzzo
Adam Goldman
Eileen Sullivan
Chris Hawley
Michael J. Berens
Ken Armstrong
2013
David Barstow
Alejandra Xanic von Bertrab
2014
Chris Hamby
2015
Eric Lipton
The Wall Street Journal
2016
Leonora LaPeter Anton
Anthony Cormier
Michael Braga
Esther Htusan
2017
Eric Eyre
2018
The Washington Post
2019
Matt Hamilton
Harriet Ryan
Paul Pringle
2020
Brian Rosenthal
2021
Matt Rocheleau
Vernal Coleman
Laura Crimaldi
Evan Allen
Brendan McCarthy
2022
Corey G. Johnson
Rebecca Woolington
Eli Murray

* v
* t
* e

Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting

As Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting – National (1942–1947)

1942–1947|

* Louis Stark (1942)
* Dewey L. Fleming (1944)
* James Reston (1945)
* Edward A. Harris (1946)
* Edward T. Folliard (1947)

As Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting (1948-present)

1948–1949|

* Bert Andrews (1948 shared)
* Nat S. Finney (1948 shared)
* C. P. Trussell (1949)

1950–1959|

* Edwin O. Guthman (1950)
* Anthony Leviero (1952)
* Don Whitehead (1953)
* Richard Wilson (1954)
* Anthony Lewis (1955)
* Charles L. Bartlett (1956)
* James Reston (1957)
* Clark Mollenhoff (1958 shared)
* Relman Morin (1958 shared)
* Howard Van Smith (1959)

1960–1969|

* Vance Trimble (1960)
* Edward R. Cony (1961)
* Nathan G. Caldwell (1962 shared)
* Gene S. Graham (1962 shared)
* Anthony Lewis (1963)
* Merriman Smith (1964)
* Louis M. Kohlmeier Jr. (1965)
* Haynes Johnson (1966)
* Stanley Penn (1967 shared)
* Monroe Karmin (1967 shared)
* Nathan K. (Nick) Kotz (1968 shared)
* Howard James (1968 shared)
* Robert Cahn (1969)

1970–1979|

* William J. Eaton (1970)
* Lucinda Franks  (1971)
* Jack Anderson (1972)
* Robert Boyd (1973 shared)
* Clark Hoyt (1973 shared)
* Jack White (1974 shared)
* James R. Polk (1974 shared)
* Donald L. Barlett (1975 shared)
* James B. Steele (1975 shared)
* James V. Risser (1976)
* Walter Mears (1977)
* Gaylord D. Shaw (1978)
* James V. Risser (1979)

1980–1989|

* Bette Swenson Orsini (1980 shared)
* Charles Stafford (1980 shared)
* John M. Crewdson (1981)
* Rick Atkinson (1982)
* The Boston Globe (1983)
* John Noble Wilford (1984)
* Thomas J. Knudson (1985)
* Craig Flournoy (1986 shared)
* George Rodrigues (1986 shared)
* Arthur Howe (1986 shared)
* Staff of The Miami Herald (1987 shared)
* Staff of The New York Times (1987 shared)
* Tim Weiner (1988)
* Donald L. Barlett (1989 shared)
* James B. Steele (1989 shared)

1990–1999|

* Ross Anderson (1990 shared)
* Bill Dietrich (1990 shared)
* Mary Ann Gwinn (1990 shared)
* Eric Nalder (1990 shared)
* Marjie Lundstrom (1991 shared)
* Rochelle Sharpe (1991 shared)
* Gannett News Service (1991 shared)
* Jeff Taylor (1992 shared)
* Mike McGraw (1992 shared)
* The Kansas City Star (1992 shared)
* David Maraniss (1993)
* Eileen Welsome (1994)
* Tony Horwitz (1995)
* Alix M. Freedman (1996)
* Staff of The Wall Street Journal (1997)
* Russell Carollo (1998 shared)
* Jeff Nesmith (1998 shared)
* Staff of The New York Times (1999)
* Jeff Gerth (1999)

2000–2009|

* Staff of The Wall Street Journal (2000)
* Staff of The New York Times (2001)
* Staff of The Washington Post (2002)
* Alan Miller (2003 shared)
* Kevin Sack (2003 shared)
* Staff of Los Angeles Times (2004 shared)
* Walt Bogdanich (2005)
* James Risen (2006 shared)
* Eric Lichtblau (2006 shared)
* Staff of The San Diego Union-Tribune (2006 shared)
* Staff of Copley News Service (2006 shared)
* Marcus Stern (2006 shared)
* Jerry Kammer (2006 shared)
* Charlie Savage (2007)
* Jo Becker (2008 shared)
* Barton Gellman (2008 shared)
* Staff of St. Petersburg Times (2009)

2010–2020|

* Matt Richtel (2010 shared)
* Staff of The New York Times  (2010 shared)
* Jesse Eisinger (2011 shared)
* Jake Bernstein (2011 shared)
* David Wood (2012)
* Lisa Song (2013 shared)
* Elizabeth McGowan (2013 shared)
* David Hasemyer (2013 shared)
* David Philipps (2014)
* Carol D. Leonnig (2015)
* Staff of The Washington Post (2016)
* David Fahrenthold (2017)
* Staff of The New York Times (2018 shared)
* Staff of The Washington Post (2018 shared)
* Staff of The Wall Street Journal (2019)
* Dominic Gates, Steve Miletich, Mike Baker and Lewis Kamb of The Seattle Times, T. Christian Miller, Megan Rose and Robert Faurtechi of ProPublica (2020 shared)

* v
* t
* e

Pulitzer Prize for Public Service (1951–1975)

* Miami Herald and Brooklyn Eagle (1951)
* St. Louis Post-Dispatch (1952)
* Whiteville News Reporter (1953)
* Newsday (1954)
* Columbus Ledger and Sunday Ledger-Enquirer (1955)
* Watsonville Register-Pajaronian (1956)
* Chicago Daily News (1957)
* Arkansas Gazette (1958)
* Utica Observer-Dispatch and Utica Daily Press (1959)
* Los Angeles Times (1960)
* Amarillo Globe-Times (1961)
* Panama City News-Herald (1962)
* Chicago Daily News (1963)
* St. Petersburg Times (1964)
* Hutchinson News (1965)
* Boston Globe (1966)
* Milwaukee Journal (1967)
* Riverside Press-Enterprise (1968)
* Los Angeles Times (1969)
* Newsday (1970)
* Winston-Salem Journal (1971)
* The New York Times (1972)
* Washington Post (1973)
* Newsday (1974)
* Boston Globe (1975)

* Complete list
* (1918–1925)
* (1926–1950)
* (1951–1975)
* (1976–2000)
* (2001–2025)

* v
* t
* e

Pulitzer Prize for Public Service (1976–2000)

* Anchorage Daily News (1976)
* Lufkin Daily News (1977)
* Philadelphia Inquirer (1978)
* Point Reyes Light (1979)
* Gannett News Service (1980)
* Charlotte Observer (1981)
* Detroit News (1982)
* Jackson Clarion-Ledger (1983)
* Los Angeles Times (1984)
* Fort Worth Star-Telegram (1985)
* Denver Post (1986)
* Pittsburgh Press (1987)
* Charlotte Observer (1988)
* Anchorage Daily News (1989)
* Washington Daily News / Philadelphia Inquirer (1990)
* Des Moines Register (1991)
* Sacramento Bee (1992)
* Miami Herald (1993)
* Akron Beacon Journal (1994)
* Virgin Islands Daily News (1995)
* News & Observer (1996)
* New Orleans Times-Picayune (1997)
* Grand Forks Herald (1998)
* Washington Post (1999)
* Washington Post (2000)

* Complete list
* (1918–1925)
* (1926–1950)
* (1951–1975)
* (1976–2000)
* (2001–2025)

* v
* t
* e

Pulitzer Prize for Public Service (2001–2025)

* The Oregonian (2001)
* The New York Times (2002)
* The Boston Globe (2003)
* The New York Times (2004)
* Los Angeles Times (2005)
* Biloxi Sun Herald and New Orleans Times-Picayune (2006)
* The Wall Street Journal (2007)
* The Washington Post (2008)
* Las Vegas Sun (2009)
* Bristol Herald Courier (2010)
* Los Angeles Times (2011)
* The Philadelphia Inquirer (2012)
* Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel (2013)
* The Washington Post and The Guardian (2014)
* Charleston Post and Courier (2015)
* Associated Press (2016)
* New York Daily News and ProPublica (2017)
* The New York Times and The New Yorker (2018)
* South Florida Sun Sentinel (2019)
* Anchorage Daily News (2020)
* The New York Times (2021)
* The Washington Post (2022)

* Complete list
* (1918–1925)
* (1926–1950)
* (1951–1975)
* (1976–2000)
* (2001–2025)

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