Vilas County, Wisconsin

County in Wisconsin, United States

U.S. county in Wisconsin

Vilas County

U.S. county

Vilas County Courthouse

Location within the U.S. state of Wisconsin

Wisconsin's location within the U.S.

Country|  United States
State|  Wisconsin
Founded| April 12, 1893
Named for| William Freeman Vilas
Seat| Eagle River
Largest city| Eagle River
Area

• Total| 1,018 sq mi (2,640 km2)
• Land| 857 sq mi (2,220 km2)
• Water| 161 sq mi (420 km2)  16%%
Population

(2020)[1]

• Total| 23,047
• Density| 26.9/sq mi (10.4/km2)
Time zone| UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)| UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district| 7th
Website| www.vilascountywi.gov

Vilas County is a county in the state of Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,047.[1] Its county seat is Eagle River.[2] The county partly overlaps the reservation of the Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Native Americans
* 1.2 Settlement
* 1.3 Logging era
* 2 Geography
* 2.1 Adjacent counties
* 2.2 Major highways
* 2.3 Buses
* 2.4 Airports
* 2.5 National protected areas
* 3 Demographics
* 3.1 2020 census
* 3.2 2000 census
* 4 Economy
* 5 Municipalities
* 5.1 City
* 5.2 Towns
* 5.3 Census-designated places
* 5.4 Other unincorporated communities
* 6 Notable people
* 7 Politics
* 8 Images
* 9 See also
* 10 References
* 11 Further reading
* 12 External links

## History

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### Native Americans

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Native Americans have lived in what is now Vilas County for thousands of years. The county contains archaeological sites dating to the prehistoric Woodland period.[3] In the eighteenth century, the area was disputed by the Dakota and Ojibwe people. According to oral histories, the conflict culminated in Ojibwe victory in a battle on Strawberry Island in Flambeau Lake around 1745.[4] Ojibwe people have continued to live in the area ever since, securing the Lac du Flambeau Indian Reservation in the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe.[5]

### Settlement

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The first recorded white settler was a man named Ashman who established a trading post in Lac du Flambeau in 1818.[6]

In the 1850s migrants from New England, primarily from Vermont and Connecticut, constructed wagon roads and trails through Vilas County including the Ontonogan Mail Trail and a military road from Fort Howard to Fort Wilkins in Copper Harbor, Michigan.[6]

Vilas County was set off from Oneida County on April 12, 1893, and named for William Freeman Vilas. Originally from Vermont, Vilas represented Wisconsin in the United States Senate from 1891 to 1897.[7][8]

### Logging era

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Logging began in the late 1850s. Loggers came from Cortland County, New York, Carroll County, New Hampshire, Orange County, Vermont and Down East Maine in what is now Washington County, Maine and Hancock County, Maine.[9] Many dams were built throughout the county to assist loggers as they sent their timber downstream to the lumber and paper mills in the Wisconsin River valley.[6] After the county was founded in 1893 and logging ceased to be the primary industry in the area, migrants seeking other forms of employment settled in the county. These later immigrants primarily came from Germany, Ireland and Poland though some came from other parts of the United States as well.[9]

## Geography

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Sign for Vilas County on U.S. Route 45

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,018 square miles (2,640 km2), of which 857 square miles (2,220 km2) is land and 161 square miles (420 km2) (16%) is water.[10] There are 1,318 lakes in the county. Much of Vilas County is covered by the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest and the Northern Highland-American Legion State Forest as well as extensive county forest lands. Vilas County waters drain to Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and the Mississippi River. The Wisconsin, Flambeau, and Presque Isle Rivers all find their headwaters in Vilas County.

### Adjacent counties

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* Forest County \- southeast
* Iron County \- west
* Oneida County \- south
* Price County \- southwest
* Gogebic County, Michigan \- north
* Iron County, Michigan \- northeast

### Major highways

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* U.S. Highway 45
* U.S. Highway 51
* Highway 17 (Wisconsin)
* Highway 32 (Wisconsin)
* Highway 47 (Wisconsin)
* Highway 70 (Wisconsin)
* Highway 155 (Wisconsin)

### Buses

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* List of intercity bus stops in Wisconsin

### Airports

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* KARV - Lakeland Airport / Noble F. Lee Memorial Field
* KEGV - Eagle River Union Airport
* KLNL - Kings Land O' Lakes Airport
* D25 - Manitowish Waters Airport

### National protected areas

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* Chequamegon National Forest (part)
* Nicolet National Forest (part)

Although these two forests have been administratively combined into the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, it is important to note that the county contains portions of both original forests.

## Demographics

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Historical population

Census | Pop. |  | %±
1900| 4,929| | —
1910| 6,019| | 22.1%
1920| 5,649| | −6.1%
1930| 7,294| | 29.1%
1940| 8,894| | 21.9%
1950| 9,363| | 5.3%
1960| 9,332| | −0.3%
1970| 10,958| | 17.4%
1980| 16,535| | 50.9%
1990| 17,707| | 7.1%
2000| 21,033| | 18.8%
2010| 21,430| | 1.9%
2020| 23,047| | 7.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]
1790–1960[12] 1900–1990[13]
1990–2000[14] 2010[15] 2020[1]

### 2020 census

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As of the census of 2020,[1] the population was 23,047. The population density was 26.9 inhabitants per square mile (10.4/km2). There were 24,486 housing units at an average density of 28.5 per square mile (11.0/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 85.5% White, 9.8% Native American, 0.3% Black or African American, 0.3% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 2.0% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

### 2000 census

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2000 Census Age Pyramid for Vilas County

As of the census[16] of 2000, there were 21,033 people, 9,066 households, and 6,300 families residing in the county. The population density was 24 people per square mile (9/km2). There were 22,397 housing units at an average density of 26 per square mile (10/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 89.69% White, 0.20% Black or African American, 9.08% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. 0.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 37.8% were of German, 7.9% Polish, 6.6% Irish and 5.3% English ancestry. 95.9% spoke English, 1.3% Spanish and 1.2% German as their first language.

There were 9,066 households, out of which 23.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.40% were married couples living together, 7.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.50% were non-families. 26.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.73.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 20.70% under the age of 18, 5.00% from 18 to 24, 23.10% from 25 to 44, 28.50% from 45 to 64, and 22.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females there were 99.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.80 males.

In 2017, there were 186 births, giving a general fertility rate of 74.9 births per 1000 women aged 15–44, the 7th highest rate out of all 72 Wisconsin counties.[17] Additionally, there were twelve reported induced abortions performed on women of Vilas County residence in 2017.[18]

## Economy

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The economy in Vilas County is based on tourism centered on its high concentration of lakes and forests. Hunting and sport fishing are the backbones of the fall economy, and ice fishing and especially snowmobiling makes up the bulk of the economy in the wintertime. Logging, forestry, construction and government also account for important parts of the local economy.

## Municipalities

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The municipalities with their population within Vilas County and their total population as of the 2010 Census, are:[19]

### City

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* Eagle River – 1,398 (county seat)

### Towns

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* Arbor Vitae – 3,316
* Boulder Junction – 933
* Cloverland – 1,029
* Conover – 1,235
* Lac du Flambeau – 3,441
* Land O' Lakes – 861
* Lincoln – 2,423
* Manitowish Waters – 566
* Phelps – 1,200
* Plum Lake – 491
* Presque Isle – 618
* St. Germain – 2,085
* Washington – 1,451
* Winchester – 383

### Census-designated places

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* Boulder Junction – 183
* Lac du Flambeau – 1,969
* Sayner – 207

### Other unincorporated communities

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* Arbor Vitae
* Conover
* Katinka Village
* Land O' Lakes
* Manitowish Waters
* Marlands
* Phelps
* Presque Isle
* St. Germain
* Star Lake
* Winchester

## Notable people

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* Herman Finger was the Treasurer of Vilas County in the 1890s while also co-owning and operating Gerry Lumber Company in the county
* Screenwriter Winifred Dunn was born in Vilas County.

## Politics

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United States presidential election results for Vilas County, Wisconsin[20] Year  | Republican | Democratic | Third party

|
|
|

No. | % | No. | % | No. | %
2020 | 9,261  | 60.26% | 5,903  | 38.41%  | 205  | 1.33%
2016 | 8,166  | 60.00% | 4,770  | 35.05%  | 675  | 4.96%
2012 | 7,749  | 55.98% | 5,951  | 42.99%  | 142  | 1.03%
2008 | 7,055  | 51.31% | 6,491  | 47.21%  | 204  | 1.48%
2004 | 8,155  | 58.24% | 5,713  | 40.80%  | 134  | 0.96%
2000 | 6,958  | 56.47% | 4,706  | 38.19%  | 658  | 5.34%
1996 | 4,496  | 43.04% | 4,226  | 40.46%  | 1,723  | 16.50%
1992 | 4,616  | 40.99% | 3,764  | 33.42%  | 2,882  | 25.59%
1988 | 5,842  | 60.09% | 3,781  | 38.89%  | 99  | 1.02%
1984 | 5,965  | 66.09% | 2,940  | 32.57%  | 121  | 1.34%
1980 | 6,034  | 60.80% | 3,293  | 33.18%  | 597  | 6.02%
1976 | 4,929  | 59.30% | 3,209  | 38.61%  | 174  | 2.09%
1972 | 4,422  | 65.92% | 1,907  | 28.43%  | 379  | 5.65%
1968 | 3,339  | 58.12% | 1,798  | 31.30%  | 608  | 10.58%
1964 | 2,827  | 49.78%  | 2,841  | 50.03% | 11  | 0.19%
1960 | 3,508  | 64.25% | 1,942  | 35.57%  | 10  | 0.18%
1956 | 3,683  | 74.07% | 1,267  | 25.48%  | 22  | 0.44%
1952 | 3,687  | 70.85% | 1,497  | 28.77%  | 20  | 0.38%
1948 | 2,665  | 58.30% | 1,688  | 36.93%  | 218  | 4.77%
1944 | 2,021  | 48.91%  | 2,079  | 50.31% | 32  | 0.77%
1940 | 2,251  | 46.92%  | 2,470  | 51.48% | 77  | 1.60%
1936 | 1,298  | 31.31%  | 2,559  | 61.74% | 288  | 6.95%
1932 | 1,138  | 34.29%  | 2,036  | 61.34% | 145  | 4.37%
1928 | 1,609  | 58.45% | 1,083  | 39.34%  | 61  | 2.22%
1924 | 873  | 42.11%  | 119  | 5.74%  | 1,081  | 52.15%
1920 | 903  | 66.06% | 255  | 18.65%  | 209  | 15.29%
1916 | 531  | 48.45% | 467  | 42.61%  | 98  | 8.94%
1912 | 304  | 32.94%  | 327  | 35.43% | 292  | 31.64%
1908 | 794  | 71.73% | 278  | 25.11%  | 35  | 3.16%
1904 | 1,467  | 79.08% | 322  | 17.36%  | 66  | 3.56%
1900 | 1,208  | 69.27% | 488  | 27.98%  | 48  | 2.75%
1896 | 754  | 62.01% | 443  | 36.43%  | 19  | 1.56%

## Images

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* Cars parked by the entrance to the Vilas County Fairgrounds during the 2015 fair

* Rides during the 2015 county fair

* The Vilas County Highway Department near Eagle River

## See also

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* National Register of Historic Places listings in Vilas County, Wisconsin

## References

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1. ^ a b c d "2020 Decennial Census: Vilas County, Wisconsin". data.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2022.
2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. ^ Chapman, Valerie M. (May 2008). "Detailed archaeological analysis of LDF-030D (47Vi257) of the Lac du Flambeau Reservation, Vilas County, Wisconsin". Retrieved July 10, 2022.
4. ^ Entz, Gary (January 23, 2019). "Strawberry Island: The Heart of Lac du Flambeau". WXPR. Retrieved July 10, 2022.
5. ^ "About Us". Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians. Retrieved July 10, 2022.
6. ^ a b c Vilas County, WI Government Main Page Archived December 6, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Accessed January 11, 2011
7. ^ William Freeman Vilas: Doctrinaire Democrat Front Cover Horace Samuel Merrill State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1954
8. ^ Vilas County History Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
9. ^ a b History of Northern Wisconsin Illustrated. Chicago: Western Historical Company, 1881.
10. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
11. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
12. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
13. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
14. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
15. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
16. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
17. ^ "Annual Wisconsin Birth and Infant Mortality Report, 2017 P-01161-19 (June 2019): Detailed Tables". Archived from the original on June 19, 2019. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
18. ^ Reported Induced Abortions in Wisconsin, Office of Health Informatics, Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Section: Trend Information, 2013-2017, Table 18, pages 17-18
19. ^ "GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
20. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved November 9, 2020.

## Further reading

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* Commemorative Biographical Record of the Upper Wisconsin Counties of Waupaca, Portage, Wood, Marathon, Lincoln, Oneida, Vilas, Langlade and Shawano. Chicago: J. H. Beers, 1895.
* Jones, George O.; McVean, Norman S. (comp.). History of Lincoln, Oneida and Vilas Counties, Wisconsin. Minneapolis: H. C. Cooper, Jr., 1924.

## External links

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* Vilas County government website
* Vilas County Chamber of Commerce
* Vilas County map from the Wisconsin Department of Transportation

Places adjacent to Vilas County, Wisconsin

|  | Gogebic County, Michigan | Iron County, Michigan

|
|

|  |
Iron County, Wisconsin |

Vilas County, Wisconsin

| Forest County
|  |
Price County | Oneida County |

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and communities of Vilas County, Wisconsin, United States

County seat: Eagle River

City|

* Eagle River

Towns|

* Arbor Vitae
* Boulder Junction
* Cloverland
* Conover
* Lac du Flambeau
* Land O' Lakes
* Lincoln
* Manitowish Waters
* Phelps
* Plum Lake
* Presque Isle
* St. Germain
* Washington
* Winchester

CDPs|

* Boulder Junction
* Lac du Flambeau
* Sayner

Unincorporated
communities|

* Arbor Vitae
* Conover
* Katinka Village
* Land O' Lakes
* Manitowish Waters
* Marlands
* Phelps
* Presque Isle
* St. Germain
* Star Lake
* Winchester

Indian
reservations|

* Lac du Flambeau‡

Footnotes|

‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

* United States portal

* v
* t
* e

State of Wisconsin

Madison (capital)

Topics|

* Outline
* Agriculture
* Dairy industry
* Geography
* Islands
* Lakes
* Governors
* Delegations
* History
* People
* Sports
* Symbols
* Tourist attractions

Society|

* Administrative divisions
* Crime
* Culture
* Demographics
* Economy
* Education
* Politics

Regions|

* Apostle Islands
* Central Plain
* Chippewa Valley
* Door Peninsula
* Driftless Area
* Eastern Ridges and Lowlands
* Fox River Valley
* Great River Road
* Lake Superior Lowland
* Northern Highland
* Western Upland

Major metropolitan areas
(pop. over 500,000)|

* Chicago metropolitan area
* Madison metropolitan area
* Milwaukee metropolitan area
* Twin Cities metropolitan area

Largest cities
(pop. over 50,000)|

* Appleton
* Eau Claire
* Green Bay
* Janesville
* Kenosha
* La Crosse
* Madison
* Milwaukee
* Oshkosh
* Racine
* Waukesha
* West Allis

Smaller cities
(pop. 15,000 to 50,000)|

* Beaver Dam
* Beloit
* Brookfield
* Cudahy
* De Pere
* Fitchburg
* Fond du Lac
* Franklin
* Greenfield
* Hartford
* Hudson
* Kaukauna
* Manitowoc
* Marshfield
* Menasha
* Menomonie
* Mequon
* Middleton
* Muskego
* Neenah
* New Berlin
* Oak Creek
* Oconomowoc
* Onalaska
* River Falls
* Sheboygan
* South Milwaukee
* Stevens Point
* Sun Prairie
* Superior
* Watertown
* Wausau
* Wauwatosa
* West Bend
* Wisconsin Rapids

Largest villages
(pop. over 15,000)|

* Ashwaubenon
* Bellevue
* Caledonia
* Fox Crossing
* Germantown
* Howard
* Menomonee Falls
* Mount Pleasant
* Pleasant Prairie

Counties|

* Adams
* Ashland
* Barron
* Bayfield
* Brown
* Buffalo
* Burnett
* Calumet
* Chippewa
* Clark
* Columbia
* Crawford
* Dane
* Dodge
* Door
* Douglas
* Dunn
* Eau Claire
* Florence
* Fond du Lac
* Forest
* Grant
* Green
* Green Lake
* Iowa
* Iron
* Jackson
* Jefferson
* Juneau
* Kenosha
* Kewaunee
* La Crosse
* Lafayette
* Langlade
* Lincoln
* Manitowoc
* Marathon
* Marinette
* Marquette
* Menominee
* Milwaukee
* Monroe
* Oconto
* Oneida
* Outagamie
* Ozaukee
* Pepin
* Pierce
* Polk
* Portage
* Price
* Racine
* Richland
* Rock
* Rusk
* Sauk
* Sawyer
* Shawano
* Sheboygan
* St. Croix
* Taylor
* Trempealeau
* Vernon
* Vilas
* Walworth
* Washburn
* Washington
* Waukesha
* Waupaca
* Waushara
* Winnebago
* Wood

Coordinates: 46°03′N 89°31′W﻿ / ﻿46.05°N 89.51°W﻿ / 46.05; -89.51
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