Door County, Wisconsin

County in Wisconsin, United States

U.S. county in Wisconsin

Door County

U.S. county

Door County Government Center in Sturgeon Bay

Door County Government Center in Sturgeon Bay

Location within the U.S. state of Wisconsin

Location within the U.S. state of Wisconsin

Wisconsin's location within the U.S.

Wisconsin's location within the U.S.

Coordinates: 45°01′N 87°01′W﻿ / ﻿45.02°N 87.01°W﻿ / 45.02; -87.01Coordinates: 45°01′N 87°01′W﻿ / ﻿45.02°N 87.01°W﻿ / 45.02; -87.01
Country|  United States
State|  Wisconsin
Founded| 1851
Named for| Porte des Morts
Seat| Sturgeon Bay
Largest city| Sturgeon Bay
Area

• Total| 2,370 sq mi (6,100 km2)
• Land| 482 sq mi (1,250 km2)
• Water| 1,888 sq mi (4,890 km2)  80%
Population

(2020)

• Total| 30,066
• Density| 13/sq mi (4.9/km2)
Demonym| Door Countyite[1]
Time zone| UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)| UTC−5 (CDT)
Area code| 920
Congressional district| 8th
Website| www.co.door.wi.gov
Wisconsin county code 15
FIPS county code 55029

Door County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,066.[2] Its county seat is Sturgeon Bay, making it one of three Wisconsin counties on Lake Michigan not to have a county seat with the same name.[3] Instead it is named after the strait between the Door Peninsula and Washington Island. The dangerous passage, known as Death's Door, contains shipwrecks and was known to Native Americans and early French explorers. The county was created in 1851 and organized in 1861.[4] Door County is a popular Upper Midwest vacation destination. It is home to a small Walloon population.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Native Americans and French
* 1.1.1 Porte des Morts legend
* 1.2 Settlement and development
* 1.2.1 19th–20th century settlement
* 1.2.2 Early tourism
* 1.2.3 Orchard boosterism
* 1.2.4 Cherry crop labor sources
* 1.2.5 20th–21st-century events
* 2 Geography
* 2.1 Features
* 2.1.1 Escarpment and dolomites
* 2.1.2 Shores
* 2.1.3 High points
* 2.2 Pollution
* 2.3 Soils
* 2.4 Climate
* 3 Attractions
* 3.1 Recreational lands
* 3.1.1 Lands open to public use
* 3.1.2 Beaches
* 3.2 Waters
* 3.2.1 Boating
* 3.2.1.1 Lakes and ponds
* 3.2.1.2 Wetlands
* 3.3 Recognized natural areas
* 3.4 Living plant collections
* 3.5 Animals
* 3.5.1 Vertebrate species lists
* 3.5.2 Unique vertebrates
* 3.5.3 Birds
* 3.5.4 Rare bees
* 3.5.5 Horseshoe Bay Cave invertebrates
* 3.5.6 Toft Point invertebrates
* 3.5.7 Spiders
* 3.5.8 Other invertebrates
* 3.6 By season
* 3.6.1 Springtime
* 3.6.2 Summer
* 3.6.3 Fall
* 3.6.4 Winter
* 3.7 Culture
* 3.7.1 Lighthouses and historical sites
* 3.7.2 Food
* 3.7.3 Scandinavian heritage
* 3.7.4 Industry
* 3.7.5 Arts
* 3.7.6 Sports
* 3.7.7 Motorcycling
* 3.7.8 Flying
* 3.7.9 Radio stations
* 4 Economy
* 5 Transportation
* 5.1 Land
* 5.1.1 Non-motorized
* 5.1.2 Bridges across Sturgeon Bay
* 5.1.3 Ground transportation
* 5.2 Air
* 5.3 Water
* 5.3.1 Ferries
* 5.3.2 Boat ramps and marinas
* 6 Population and its health
* 6.1 Demographics
* 6.1.1 2020 census
* 6.1.2 2000 Census
* 6.1.3 Births, deaths, and migration
* 6.1.4 Most elderly and youthful communities
* 6.1.5 Religious statistics
* 6.1.6 Marriages
* 6.2 Public health
* 6.2.1 COVID-19
* 7 Crime
* 8 Communities
* 8.1 Incorporated communities
* 8.1.1 City
* 8.1.2 Villages
* 8.1.3 Towns
* 8.2 Unincorporated communities
* 8.3 Former communities
* 8.3.1 Absorbed into Sturgeon Bay
* 8.3.2 Sites used as parks
* 9 Adjacent counties
* 9.1 By land
* 9.2 In Green Bay
* 9.3 Along the Rock Island Passage
* 9.4 In Lake Michigan
* 10 Notable people
* 11 Politics
* 12 Gallery
* 13 Explanatory notes
* 14 References
* 15 Further reading
* 16 External links

## History[edit | edit source]

Further information: Door Peninsula § Archaeology

### Native Americans and French[edit | edit source]

Further information: Door Peninsula § Potawatomi and Menominee

#### Porte des Morts legend[edit | edit source]

Door County's name came from Porte des Morts ("Death's Door"), the passage between the tip of Door Peninsula and Washington Island.[5] The name "Death's Door" came from Native American tales, heard by early French explorers and published in greatly embellished form by Hjalmar Holand, which described a failed raid by the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) tribe to capture Washington Island from the rival Pottawatomi tribe in the early 1600s. It has become associated with shipwrecks within the passage.[6] The earliest known written reference to the legend is from Emmanuel Crespel [fr], who termed the peninsula "Cap a la Mort" in 1728.[7]

### Settlement and development[edit | edit source]

#### 19th–20th century settlement[edit | edit source]

File:The Pioneer Cemetery at Peninsula State Park..jpg

Graves of Increase Claflin and family.

The 19th and 20th centuries saw the immigration and settlement of pioneers, mariners, fishermen, loggers, and farmers. The first white settler was Increase Claflin.[8] In 1834, a federal government-operated quarry operation at the mouth of Sturgeon Bay shipped its first stone blocks; they were used for a harbor breakwater in Michigan City, Indiana.[9] In 1851, Door County was separated from what had been Brown County.[10] In 1853, Moravians founded Ephraim after Nils Otto Tank resisted attempts at land ownership reform at the old religious colony near Green Bay.[11] An African-American community and congregation worshiping at West Harbor on Washington Island was described in 1854.[12] Also in 1854 the first post office in the county opened, on Washington Island.[13] In 1855, four Irishmen were accidentally left behind by their steamboat, leading to the settlement of what is now Forestville.[14] In the 19th century, a fairly large-scale immigration of Belgian Walloons populated a small region in the southern portion of the county,[15] including the area designated as the Namur Historic District. They built small roadside votive chapels, some still in use today,[16] and brought other traditions over from Europe such as the Kermiss harvest festival.[17]

Shortly after the 1831 Treaty of Washington,[18] the federal government surveyed what is now Door County to determine the value of the timber and to divide up parcels for eventual sale.[19][20] Following the treaty, land in what is now the county was sold or granted to private citizens. Lots from 40 to 320 acres (16 to 129 ha) were sold at 50 cents an acre.[21] From 1841 to 1932, 1,661 land patents were issued to private citizens.[22] Of these, 774 were bounty-land warrants to veterans authorized by the Scrip Warrant Acts of 1842, 1850, 1852, and 1855.[23] The other patents concerned the sale of land: 711 patents were filed under the Land Act of 1820,[24] 139 patents were filed under the Homestead Act of 1862,[25] and 37 patents were filed under the Morrill Act of 1862.[26]

At the time the Homestead Act of 1862 was passed, most of the county's nearly 2,000 farmers were squatters earning most of their revenue from lumber and wood products. The most common product was cordwood; a cord of maple sold for 37 and a half cents. The remaining portion of the population consisted of about 1,000 fishermen and their families. The fishing industry centered on Washington Island, which at 632 persons was the most populated area at the time. Sturgeon Bay had a population of 230 people. Fishermen caught lake trout and whitefish, which were sold for two cents per pound. Out of the total population of 2,948 people, 170 fought in the Civil War. Most enlisted in 1861 or 1862. The entire assessed valuation of the county that year was $395,000, with an average of $8.00 in tax assessed to each family. It was difficult to earn enough money to pay taxes, which were often delinquent. There were 25 school districts, but staffing was a challenge due to delinquent taxes. Highway 42 between Sturgeon Bay and Egg Harbor had 27 chronic mudholes, some more than 3,000 feet (910 m) long and passage by wagons was at times unfeasible.[27]

When the 1871 Peshtigo fire burned the town of Williamsonville, fifty-nine people were killed. The area of this disaster is now Tornado Memorial County Park, named for a fire whirl which occurred there.[28][29][30] Altogether, 128 people in the county perished in the Peshtigo fire.[10][11] Following the fire, some residents decided to use brick instead of wood.[31]

In 1883, Harry Dankoler at the Door County Advocate set a world typesetting record.[32][33]

In 1885 or 1886, what is now the Coast Guard Station was established at Sturgeon Bay.[34][35] The small, seasonally open station on Washington Island was established in 1902.[36]

File:Excursion party on Sailor Boy.jpg

Excursion party on the Sailor Boy; postmarked 1906 in Sturgeon Bay. The Sailor Boy and other small steamboats stopped at Menominee to take on rail passengers. Since rail service was faster, tourists from Chicago would first take a northbound train in order to board steamboats bound for resort communities.[37]

File:Cedar Glen, one of themany free tourists' camp sites in Peninsula State Park, Door County,... (NBY 562).jpg

This 1924 postcard produced by Curt Teich & Company reads, "Cedar Glen, one of the many free tourists' camp sites in Peninsula State Park, Door County Wisconsin."

As the period of settlement continued, Native Americans lived in Door County as a minority. The 1890 census reported 22 Indians living in Door County. They were self-supporting, subject to taxation, and did not receive rations.[38] By the 1910 census their numbers had declined to nine.[39]

In 1894 the Ahnapee and Western Railway was extended to Sturgeon Bay, with the first train arriving on August 9.[40] In 1969, a train ran north of Algoma into the county for the last time,[41] although trains continued to operate farther south until 1986.[42]

#### Early tourism[edit | edit source]

From 1865 through 1870, three resort hotels were constructed in and near Sturgeon Bay along with another one in Fish Creek. One resort established in 1870 charged $7.50 per week (around $160 in 2021 dollars). Although the price included three daily meals, extra was charged for renting horses, which were also available with buggies and buggy-drivers.[43] Besides staying in hotels, tourists also boarded in private homes. Tourists could visit the northern part of the county by Great Lakes passenger steamer, sometimes as part of a lake cruise featuring music and entertainment.[44] Reaching the peninsula from Chicago took three days. The air surrounding the agricultural communities was relatively free of ragweed pollen because grain crops matured slowly in the cool climate and were harvested late in the year. This prevented late-season ragweed infestations in the stubble, which was especially attractive to those with hay fever in the city.[45][46]

Even after the Ahnapee and Western extended service to Sturgeon Bay in 1894, many tourists continued taking the railroad to Menominee, Michigan[a] to embark on steamships bound for communities in Door County. This route over Green Bay bypassed poor road conditions in the northern part of the county, which persisted until the early 1920s. Only after crushed stone highways were built did motor and horse-drawn coaches become popular for transportation between Sturgeon Bay and the northern part of the peninsula.[47][10] By 1909 at least 1,000 tourists visited per year,[48] a figure which grew to about 125,000 in 1920,[49] 1 million in 1969,[50] 1.25 million in 1978,[51] and 1.9 million in 1995.[52] In 1938 Jens Jensen cautioned about negative cultural impacts of tourism. He wrote, "Door County is slowly being ruined by the stupid money crazed fools. This tourist business is destroying the little bit of culture that was."[53]

#### Orchard boosterism[edit | edit source]

File:Atlas of Door County, Wisconsin LOC 2008622055-7.jpg

1914 Sturgeon Bay real estate advertisement.[b]

In 1865, the first commercial fruit operation was established when grapes were cultivated on one of the Strawberry Islands. By 1895, a large fruit tree nursery was established and fruit horticulture was aggressively promoted. Not only farmers but even "city-bred" men were urged to consider fruit husbandry as a career. The first of multiple fruit marketing cooperatives began in 1897. In addition to corporate-run orchards, in 1910 the first corporation was established to plant and sell pre-established orchards. Although apple orchards predated cherry orchards, by 1913 it was reported that cherries had outpaced apples.[56]

#### Cherry crop labor sources[edit | edit source]

Cherry industry labor

From a 1914 promotional booklet, caption reads "Children enjoy picking cherries in Door County orchards"

A printed copy of a billboard instructing migrants to visit the labor office in Sturgeon Bay, 1950

Labor office in Sturgeon Bay, photo published 1950

Inside the labor office in Sturgeon Bay

Transportation to the orchards

Tejano family picking cherries

Migrant family barracks

Church service for cherry pickers

Migrant worker housing, March 2011

Women and children were typically employed to pick fruit crops, but the available work outstripped the labor supply. By 1918, it was difficult to find enough help to pick fruit crops, so workers were brought in by the YMCA and Boy Scouts of America. Cherry picking was marketed as a good summer camp activity for teenage boys in return for room, board, and recreation activities. One orchard hired players from the Green Bay Packers as camp counselors. Additionally, members of the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin and other native tribes were employed to pick fruit crops.[57][58] In addition to their pay, Native American families were given fruit that was too ripe for marketing, which they preserved and stored for long term use.[59] A Civilian Conservation Corps camp was established at Peninsula State Park during the Great Depression. In the summer of 1945, Fish Creek was the site of a POW camp under an affiliation with a base camp at Fort Sheridan, Illinois.[60][61][62] The German prisoners engaged in construction projects, cut wood, and picked cherries in Peninsula State Park and the surrounding area.[63] During a brief strike, the POWs refused to work. In response the guards established a "no work, no eat" policy and they returned to work, picking 11 pails per day and eventually totaling 508,020 pails.[64]

The Wisconsin State Employment Service established an office in Door County in 1949 to recruit Tejanos to pick cherries. Work was unpredictable, as cherry harvests were poor during certain years and workers were paid by the amount they picked. In 1951, the Wisconsin Department of Public Welfare conducted a study documenting conflict between migrant workers and tourists, who resented the presence of migrant families in public vacation areas.[65] A list of recommendations was prepared to improve race relations.[66] The employment of migrants continues to the present day. In 2013, there were three migrant labor camps in the county, housing a total of 57 orchard laborers and food processors along with five non-workers.[67]

#### 20th–21st-century events[edit | edit source]

In the fall of 1901, passenger pigeons were seen in Forestville, "in quite large flocks". This is the last reported sighting in the county.[68] Before the forests were cleared away, myriads of passenger pigeons nested in the woods of the Door Peninsula, and during periods of migration they would frequently and effectually cloud the sun in their flight.[69]

In 1905, the Lilly Amiot was in Ellison Bay with a load of freight, dynamite, and gasoline when it caught fire. After being cut loose, it drifted until exploding; the explosion was heard up to 15 miles away.[70]

In 1912, the barnstormer Lincoln Beachey demonstrated his biplane during the county fair; this is believed to be the first takeoff and landing in the county.[71]

In 1913, The Old Rugged Cross was first sung at the Friends Church in Sturgeon Bay as a duet by two traveling preachers.[72]

In 1919, the first Army-Navy hydrogen balloon race was won by an Army team whose balloon splashed down in the Death's Door passage. Two soldiers endured 10-foot (3 m) waves for an hour before their rescue by a fisherman.[73]

In 1925, a cow in Horseshoe Bay named Aurora Homestead Badger produced 30,000 pounds (14,000 kg) of milk, at the time a world record for dairy cattle.[74]

In June 1938 and again in October 1952, aerial photos were taken of the entire county; in 2011 the 1938 photos were made available online.[75]

On June 14, 1939, Ted Bellak flew his the German-made glider Dove of Peace for 56 miles (90 km) from the newly opened Cherryland Airport to Frankfort, Michigan. He was towed into the air on a 3⁄8-inch-wide (9.5 mm), 200-foot-long (61 m) rope prior to gliding independently.[76] At the time, this was the farthest distance traveled in a glider over a body of water. The trip took one hour and six minutes,[77][78] with 57 minutes spent over Lake Michigan.[79]

In 1941, the Sturgeon Bay Vocation School opened. It is now the Sturgeon Bay campus of Northeast Wisconsin Technical College.

In December 1959, the Bridgebuilder X disappeared after leaving a shipyard in Sturgeon Bay where it had been repaired. Its intended destinations were Northport and South Fox Island. Possible factors included lack of ballast and a sudden development of 11-foot (3.4 m) waves. The body of one of the two crew members was found the following summer.[80][81]

In 2004, the county began a sister cities relationship with Jingdezhen in southeastern China.[82]

To encourage tourism, Ephraim residents passed referendums in 2016 to allow beer and wine to be sold for consumption on premises within the village and to allow beer and single, recorked bottles of opened wine to be sold off-premises.[83][84] Until then, Ephraim had been the state's last dry municipality.[84]

## Geography[edit | edit source]

File:Aerial view of Sturgeon Bay Northport Plum Island Detroit Island Washington Island and Rock Island in Door County Wisconsin.webm

Aerial view of Sturgeon Bay, Northport, and Plum, Detroit, Washington, and Rock islands

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,370 square miles (6,100 km2), of which 482 square miles (1,250 km2) is land and 1,888 square miles (4,890 km2) (80%) is water.[85] It is the largest county in Wisconsin by total area.

In general the shoreline is characterized by the scarp face on the west side. On the east side peat is followed by dunes and beaches of sand or gravel along the lakeshore.[86] During years with receding lake levels, flora along the shore demonstrates plant succession. The middle of the peninsula is mostly flat with some rolling. There are three distinct aquifers and two types of springs present in the county.[87][88]

The county covers the majority of the Door Peninsula. With the completion of the Sturgeon Bay Shipping Canal in 1881,[89] the northern half of the peninsula became an artificial island.[90] This canal is believed to have somehow "caused a wonderful increase in the quantity of fish" in nearby waters[91] and also caused a reduction in the sturgeon population in the bay due to changes in the aquatic habitat.[92] The 45th parallel north bisects the "island," and this is commemorated by Meridian County Park.[93][94]

### Features[edit | edit source]

#### Escarpment and dolomites[edit | edit source]

Niagara Escarpment

Door Bluff Headlands County Park, view of the escarpment

Rosiere Wind Farm

Outcroppings of exposed bedrock at Newport State Park approximately 10 feet (3 m) from Lake Michigan

Dolomite outcroppings of the Niagara Escarpment are visible on both shores of the peninsula, but cliffs along the cuesta ridge are especially prominent on the Green Bay side, including at Bayshore Blufflands. South of Sturgeon Bay the steep side of the escarpment separates into multiple lower ridges without as many larger exposed rock faces.[95] The face of the escarpment varies in appearance. It may consist of a bare rock face of dolomite alone, or as a face with dolomite above and shale underneath. Sometimes the rock layers are covered with glacial till.[96]

Dolomites in the county have been separated by the different patterns marking the rocks. Each pattern is thought to represent a different general marine habitat from their formation. One layer has relatively straight and flat marks in the rocks, and is accompanied by fossils indicating a tidal flat, especially ostracods. The second layer of rocks has ripple marks and wavy patterns. Since the corals and shells in this layer are broken, the layer is inferred to have formed farther down along the reef shelf, where the corals and shells were exposed to the pounding of the waves. The third layer has rocks full of fossil burrows from marine animals. This layer formed in a still-deeper part of the middle reef under mostly calm conditions. Here, calm waters protected an abundant number of burrowing animals. Along with the fossil burrows are corals, brachiopods, and echinoderms. Yet the rocks in the third layer are interspersed with broken and disturbed material, indicating periodic storms. Each of these three layers is divided into smaller and more detailed sublayers.[97]

The bluffs are interrupted by a series of lowlands which stretch along a northwest to southeast direction; Sturgeon Bay and the Portes de Mortes passage are two of these lowlands.[98] Beyond the peninsula's northern tip, the partially submerged ridge forms the Potawatomi Islands, which stretch to the Garden Peninsula in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The largest of these is Washington Island. The islands form the Town of Washington[99] and also the southern part of Fairbanks Township in Delta County, Michigan.[100] The lakebed along the scarp face on the Green Bay side has a sharp bottom gradient, while in many places the lakebed of the Lake Michigan side has a more gentle bottom gradient.[101]

Areas overlooking the scarp face are attractive locations for houses and communications towers, and the stone of the escarpment is quarried.[102] A former stone quarry five miles northeast of Sturgeon Bay is now a county park.[103] Many caves are found in the escarpment.[104][105]

#### Shores[edit | edit source]

The county has 298 miles (480 km) of shoreline. In 2012, 268 miles (431 km) of the shoreline along Lake Michigan and Green Bay was surveyed and characterized by type. 42.9 miles (69.0 km) of the shore was made of artificial materials, while the remaining 225.1 miles (362.3 km) was natural. Of the natural shorelines, 167.8 miles (270.0 km) consisted of bedrock and boulders, 39.3 miles (63.2 km) was sandy, 17.4 miles (28.0 km) were covered in smaller stones such as shingles, pebbles, and cobbles, and 0.6 miles (0.97 km) was silty or mucky. Out of the total area surveyed, 101.0 miles (162.5 km) consisted of a flat coast, 88.9 miles (143.1 km) consisted of 2-to-10-foot (1 to 3 m) bluffs, 68.8 miles (110.7 km) consisted of 2-to-10-foot (1 to 3 m) dunes, and 9.3 miles (15.0 km) consisted of high bluffs taller than 10 feet (3 m).[106]

#### High points[edit | edit source]

Further information: Door Peninsula § High points

File:Gfp-wisconsin-whitefish-dunes-top-of-the-dune.jpg

View from the top of Old Baldy in August

Eskers are only found in the far southwest corner of the county, but drumlins and small moraines also occur farther up the peninsula.[107] The Door-Leelanau Ridge is an underwater moraine cutting across Lake Michigan between Door and Leelanau counties.[108] A lacustrine terrace is located in Robert LaSalle Park.[109]

The 102-foot-high (31 m) Brussels Hill[110] (44°45′06″N 87°35′27″W﻿ / ﻿44.75166°N 87.59093°W﻿ / 44.75166; -87.59093﻿ (Brussels Hill), elevation 851 feet [259 m]) is the highest point in the county.[111] The nearby Red Hill Woods is the largest remaining maple–beech forest in the area.[112]

Old Baldy (44°55′13″N 87°12′07″W﻿ / ﻿44.920344°N 87.20192°W﻿ / 44.920344; -87.20192﻿ (Old Baldy)) is the state's tallest sand dune[113] at 93 feet above the lake level.[114]

### Pollution[edit | edit source]

Main article: Pollution in Door County, Wisconsin

The combination of shallow soils and fractured bedrock makes well water contamination more likely. At any given time, at least one-third of private wells may contain bacteria.[115][116]

Mines, prior landfills, and former orchard sites are considered impaired lands and marked on an electronic county map.[117] A different electronic map shows the locations of private wells polluted with lead, arsenic, and other contaminants down to the section level.[118]

Most air pollution reaching the monitor in Newport State Park comes from outside the county.[119] The stability of air over the Lake Michigan shore along with the lake breezes may increase the concentration of ozone along the shoreline.[120] Additionally, pollution modeling predicts the presence of locally generated air pollution associated with vehicular traffic in the city of Sturgeon Bay.[121]

### Soils[edit | edit source]

Generalized soil and physiography maps[c]

Soil Map, from 1910 | File:Generalized Soils Map of Door County, Wisconsin published 1956.tif
Soils Map, from 1956
File:Physiography, drainage, and geology of Door County, Wisconsin 1978.tif
Physiography, drainage, and geology map, from 1978

Further information: Economy of Door County, Wisconsin § Non-metallic mining and agriculture

The most common USDA soil association in the northern two-thirds of the county is the Summerville[d]-Longrie[e]-Omena.[f][122] These associated soils typically are less than three feet deep. Altogether, thirty-nine percent of the county is mapped as having less than three feet (about a meter) to the dolomite bedrock. Because there is relatively little soil over much of the peninsula and the bedrock is fractured, snowmelt quickly enters the aquifer. This causes seasonal basement flooding in some areas.[123]

Soils in the county are classified as "frigid" because they usually have an average annual temperature of less than 46.4 °F (8.0 °C). The implication of this classification is that county soils are expected to be wetter and have less microbial activity than soils in warmer areas classified as "mesic." County soils are colder than those in inland areas of Wisconsin due to the climate-moderating effects of nearby bodies of water.[124]

### Climate[edit | edit source]

Main article: Climate of Door County, Wisconsin

The county has a humid continental climate (classified as Dfb in Köppen) with warm summers and cold snowy winters. Data from the Peninsular Agricultural Research Station north of the city of Sturgeon Bay gives average monthly temperatures ranging from 68.7 °F (20.4 °C) in the summer down to 18.0 °F (−7.8 °C) in the winter. The moderating effects of nearby bodies of water reduce the likelihood of damaging late spring freezes. Late spring freezes are less likely to occur than in nearby areas, and when they do occur, they tend not to be as severe.[125]

## Attractions[edit | edit source]

File:Winter Road - Shivering Sands, Door Peninsula (32151198956).jpg

Road in Shivering Sands wetland complex, January 1

In 1905, Theodore Roosevelt recommended that the Shivering Sands area be protected.[126] Today this area includes Whitefish Dunes, Kellner's Fen, Shivering Sands wetland complex,[127] and Cave Point County Park.[128] Hjalmar Holand, an Ephraim resident,[129] promoted Door County as a tourist destination in the first half of the 20th century. He served on a committee begun in 1927 to protect and promote historical sites,[130] and as a result of this effort the county historical society purchased lands that are now county parks, including Tornado Park, Robert LaSalle Park, Murphy Park, Increase Claflin Park, and the Ridges Sanctuary.[131]

Today, most tourists and summer residents come from the metropolitan areas of Milwaukee, Chicago, Madison, Green Bay, and the Twin Cities,[132] although Illinois residents are the dominant group both in Door County and farther south along the eastern edge of Wisconsin.[133]

### Recreational lands[edit | edit source]

File:Potawatomi Tower View.jpg

View in August from the Potawatomi State Park Observation Tower. The small island is Heaven On Earth Island, formerly Bug Island.[134] On the left is Cabot Point, part of the Idlewild area, and on the right is the northwest shore of Sturgeon Bay featuring the rock cut of the Old Stone Quarry, once the largest in the state.[103] Green Island appears as a very faint line along the horizon.

#### Lands open to public use[edit | edit source]

Door County is home to six state parks.[135][136] Four are on the peninsula: Newport State Park, northeast of Ellison Bay; Peninsula State Park, east of Fish Creek; Potawatomi State Park, along Sturgeon Bay; and Whitefish Dunes State Park along Lake Michigan. Two are located on islands: Rock Island State Park and Grand Traverse Island State Park.[g] In addition to the nature centers located inside the state parks, there are three others outside the parks. There are four State Wildlife and Fishery Areas[h] and also State Natural Areas that allow free public access.[139][i] Additionally, Plum Island and the 148.65 acres (60.16 ha) of Detroit Island within the Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge are seasonally open for public recreation.[140]

Besides county,[141] town, and community parks,[142][143] there is a boy scout camp, a Christian camp,[144] and a public site operated by The Archaeological Conservancy.[145][146] A land trust operates 14 privately owned parks open to the public,[147] and 3,277.3 acres (1,326.3 ha) of privately owned lands are open to the public for hunting, fishing, hiking, sight-seeing and cross-country skiing under the Managed Forest Program.[148]

#### Beaches[edit | edit source]

Further information: Pollution in Door County, Wisconsin § Beach contamination; and Climate of Door County, Wisconsin § Lake breeze

File:Nicolet Bay Aerial.jpg

Nicolet Bay at Peninsula State Park, Nicolet Beach in the center. Since this was taken in mid-September, the beach is mostly empty.

Including both the Lake Michigan and Green Bay shores, there are 54 public beaches or boat launches[149] and 39 kayak launch sites,[150] leading to the area's promotion as "the Cape Cod of the Midwest."[151] 35 beaches are routinely monitored for water quality advisories.[152]

Although Door County has fewer sunny days than most counties in Wisconsin and Illinois, it also has less rainfall and lower summer temperatures,[153] making for an optimal beach-going climate.

### Waters[edit | edit source]

Further information: Door Peninsula § Waters

#### Boating[edit | edit source]

File:Wooden boat competition 130804-G-ZZ999-001.jpg

The boat on the left overturned during the 2013 wooden boat competition. The participants are reduced to swimming around the buoy.

In 2012, 8,341 registered boats were kept in the county. Most of the county boating accidents reported in 2012 occurred in Green Bay.[154] A 1989–90 study of recreational boating in Wisconsin found that the county's Green Bay and Lake Michigan waters had a higher frequency of Great Lakes boating than any other county bordering Lake Michigan or Lake Superior. The typical motor used in the county's Green Bay and Lake Michigan waters had a horsepower over 90, while the typical motor used for inland county waters had a horsepower under 50. Overall, boaters perceived county waters as uncrowded and boater satisfaction was average.[155]

An annual race is held for which participants build small plywood boats.[156]

The county's longest river canoe route is on the Ahnapee River from County H south to the county line.[157]

Some itineraries connecting the Great Loop around the eastern U.S. and through the Mississippi include stops in Door County.[158]

A charity holds sailing classes each summer.[159] 1972–1973 surveys of high school juniors and seniors in northeast Wisconsin found that students from Door County were more likely to use sailboats than students from other counties.[160]

##### Lakes and ponds[edit | edit source]

For details about the size and public accessibility of county lakes, see List of lakes of Wisconsin § Door County.

Besides Lake Michigan and Green Bay, there are 26 lakes, ponds, or marshes and 37 rivers, creeks, streams, and springs in the county.[161] The two deepest lakes, Mackaysee Lake at 26 feet (8 m) and Krause Lake at 24 feet (7 m) are on Chambers Island.[109] All streams in the county originate within the county;[109] together they have a combined length of 93 miles (150 km), with none more than 15 miles (24 km) long.[162] The five trout streams have a combined length of 14 miles (23 km) suitable for trout fishing.[163]

##### Wetlands[edit | edit source]

55,124 acres (22,308 ha) of wetlands cover 18% of the county's land area.[164] 11,400 acres (4,600 ha) of Door Peninsula Coastal Wetlands are listed under the Ramsar Convention as wetlands of international importance.[165] The listing includes three areas previously recognized as "Wetland Gems."[166]

Wetland | Access[167]

|

Baileys Harbor Swamp | privately owned, although some parcels at the edge of the swamp on the east of Highway 57 are owned by the DNR as part of Mud Lake State Natural Area[168]
Big Marsh (Gunnerson Marsh) | 31.1 acres (12.6 ha) of water; partly within a DNR State Natural Area[169]
Button Marsh | privately owned, 81.6 acres (33.0 ha) of Managed Forest Land[170] to the west; 71.6 acres (29.0 ha) to the southeast are owned an entity allowing public access[171]
Coffee Swamp | 2.2 acres (0.89 ha) of water; mostly within a DNR State Natural Area[172]
Ephraim Swamp | largely owned by an entity allowing free public access,[173] Ephraim Creek which runs through the swamp is a Class II[j] trout stream and is open to the public up to the ordinary high water mark.[174]
Gardner Swamp | Gardner Swamp Wildlife Area[175] has three access sites[176] and 160 acres of adjacent Managed Forest Land[177]
Greenwood Swamp | privately owned
Larson Swamp | privately owned
Little Marsh (Wickman Marsh) | 14 acres (5.7 ha) of water; DNR State Natural Area[169]
Kellner's Fen | 60 to 80 acres (24 to 32 ha) of water; largely owned by an entity allowing public access[178]
Maplewood Swamp | privately owned, but the Ahnapee Trail runs through part of it[179]
May Swamp | privately owned
Stony Creek Swamp | privately owned, but the Ahnapee Trail runs past the far south end[180]
Voecks Marsh | 19.1 acres (7.7 ha) of water; within the Ridges Sanctuary which charges admission[181]

### Recognized natural areas[edit | edit source]

There are 29 state-defined natural areas in the county.[139]

### Living plant collections[edit | edit source]

This section is about cultivated plants. For wild plants and fungi, see Flora of Door County, Wisconsin.

Living plant collections include the orchid project at The Ridges Sanctuary[182] in Baileys Harbor and the U.S. Potato Genebank and a public garden in Sevastopol.[183][184]

### Animals[edit | edit source]

#### Vertebrate species lists[edit | edit source]

From 1971 through 1976, 11 species of small mammals were found at Toft Point,[185] the Newport State Park Mammals Checklist has 34 species,[186] and in 1972 44 mammals were listed for the entire county.[187] In 1976, 8 amphibians and 7 reptiles were listed as occurring on the Grand Traverse Islands within Door County.[188] In 1978, 8 non-rodent mammals and three squirrels were listed as occurring on the Grand Traverse Islands.[188] From 1981 through 1995, 7 species of frogs and toads were recorded in the county.[189] In 1992 six amphibians and eight reptiles were found in and around Potawatomi State Park.[190] In 1981, nine species of reptiles and amphibians were listed for Chambers Island,[191] and in the summer of 2019 six bat species were acoustically detected on the island.[192]

FWS staff banding a cormorant at night in July on Spider Island in the Wisconsin Islands Wilderness. The island is home to a nesting colony.[193] Banding was done at night so the chicks would be sleeping and less aware.

#### Unique vertebrates[edit | edit source]

Tamias striatus doorsiensis, a subspecies of eastern chipmunk, is only found in Door, Kewaunee, Northeastern Brown, and possibly Manitowoc counties.[194] In 1999, the Wisconsin Natural Heritage Inventory listed 24 aquatic and 21 terrestrial animals in Door County as "rare."[195]

#### Birds[edit | edit source]

As of 2018[update], 166 species of birds have been confirmed to live in Door County, excluding birds seen which lack the habitat to nest and must only be passing through.[196] In 2019, 21 bald eagle and three osprey nests were found to be occupied in the county.[197] In 2013 figures, bald eagles occupied 12 nests and ospreys occupied seven nests.[198]

In 2008 during the spring migration, 13 species of raptors, 19 species of landbirds, and 9 species of waterfowl were seen crossing between the Door and Garden peninsulas.[199] Reverse migration is occasionally observed in the county. When birds traveling north reach the tip of the peninsula and the islands beyond, the long stretches of water sometimes unnerves them. Instead of crossing over to the Garden Peninsula, they turn around and fly back down the peninsula.[200]

During the 20th century, thousands of herring gulls were banded on Hat Island[201] to determine their migratory patterns.[202] Banded birds were found as far north as Hudson Bay and as far south as Central America.[134]

Brood parasitism by red-breasted mergansers has been observed on Gravel and Spider islands and on another island known informally as "The Reef." They laid eggs into the nests of mallards, gadwalls, and lesser scaups.[203]

#### Rare bees[edit | edit source]

The sweat bee Lasioglossum sagax was collected on Ridges Road in 2006. Aside from a single collection from Manitowoc County in 2005, it had previously been found only in Colorado.[204]

The kleptoparasitic bee Stelis labiata is considered very rare.[205] It was collected at Toft point in 2006. This was only the second time the species had been found in Wisconsin; the earlier collection's county of origin is unknown.[206]

#### Horseshoe Bay Cave invertebrates[edit | edit source]

In 2014 an invertebrate survey of Horseshoe Bay Cave found an apparently groundwater-dwelling amphipod of the genus Crangonyx. Groundwater-dwelling Crangonyx species had never been documented in Wisconsin before.[207] A springtail of the genus Pygmarrhopalites (a genus name synonymous with Arrhopalites) was "found on the surface of drip pools." It appeared to be adapted to cave life and the study concluded that it "could represent an undescribed cave species."[208]

#### Toft Point invertebrates[edit | edit source]

In 2004, an invertebrate species list for Toft Point was published listing five isopods, four millipedes, six daddy longlegs, and 113 spiders. Of these, two of the millipedes and 14 of the spiders had never been documented in Wisconsin before.[209]

#### Spiders[edit | edit source]

The climate may allow for the better survival of the northern black widow spider.[210]

Additionally, the county is home to the fishing spider Dolomedes tenebrosus, which can grow to about three inches (76 mm), half the size of a tarantula.[211]

#### Other invertebrates[edit | edit source]

Kangaroo Lake State Natural Area has the largest breeding population of the endangered Hine's Emerald Dragonfly in the world.[212] Motor vehicles kill an estimated 3,300 of them in the county each year.[213] In 2019, it was reported that out of 14 Hine's Emerald Dragonflies taken from nine locations within the county, all had the same haplotype, indicating a lower degree of genetic diversity. The dragonflies had been caught in the 1990s for other research.[214]

The Lake Huron locust lives on dunes in the county and is not found anywhere else in the state.[215]

From 1996 to 2001, researchers identified 69 species of snails in the county, including rare species.[216][157]

Research on apple maggots infesting cherries in Door County contributed to the study of sympatric speciation in the 1970s.[217]

In the 20th century, seven fish parasites were found in Hibbards Creek and 13 in Sturgeon Bay.[218]

During an experiment an estimated several thousand Mayflies hatched in Sawyer Harbor in 2016. They had previously been extirpated.[219]

From April to September 2016, 43 species of insects were found to pollinate 26 species of plants near the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal.[220]

Bryozoans have been noticed clinging to piers.[221]

### By season[edit | edit source]

#### Springtime[edit | edit source]

File:Sucker Run in Fish Creek, town of Gibraltar, Door County, Wisconsin, May 2, 2010.jpg

Sucker run in Fish Creek

Maple syrup production[222] was 983 gallons in 2017 from seven operations. This was similar to figures from 2012, but down from 2007 when 15 operations produced 2,365 gallons.[223]

The sucker run, which was a popular fishing event in the 19th century,[224] occurs in March and April.[225] Suckers may be taken by frame dip nets,[226] and the sucker run is also sought out as viewing opportunity.[227] Another permitted method of fishing for suckers is by speargun. In April 2018, the state speargun record for longnose sucker was taken by out of Door County waters on the Lake Michigan side. It weighed 3 pounds 9.9 ounces (1.64 kg) and was 21.25 inches (540 mm) long.[228] In April 2020, the all-methods state record for longnose sucker was caught out of Shivering Sands Creek. It weighed 3 pounds 9.1 ounces (1.62 kg) and was 22.25 inches (565 mm) long.[228]

Another attraction is mushroom hunting on public land.[229][230] Additionally, as of 2017[update] there are two commercial mushroom operations.[231]

#### Summer[edit | edit source]

File:CherryTreeBalatonDoorCountyWisconsin.jpg

Cherry tree, August

In 2017, there were ten operations growing 14 acres (5.7 ha) of strawberries.[232]

In 2017, there were eight operations harvesting five acres (2.0 ha) of fresh cut herbs, up from four acres (1.6 ha) in 2012.[233] Two of these operations grow lavender on Washington Island.[234][235]

In Baileys Harbor, religious tourism includes the Blessing of the Fleet.[236]

Door County has a history of strawberry,[237] apple, cherry, and plum growing that dates back to the 19th century.[238][56] Farmers were encouraged to grow fruit on the basis of the relatively mild climate on the peninsula. This is due to the moderating effects of the lake and bay on nearby land temperatures. U-pick orchards and fruit stands can be found along country roads when in season, and there are two cherry processors.[239]

However, the cherry and apple businesses have declined[240] since peaking in 1941[241] and 1964[56][242] respectively due to concerns about pesticides,[243] lack of migrant labor and a difficulty in finding local help, the closure of processing plants, unpredictable harvests, the introduction of Drosophila suzukii, land-use competition with tourism and residential development, better growing conditions to the east in the fruit belt, such as the nearby Traverse City area,[244][56] and intentional destruction of a portion of the crop ordered by the processor in order to drive up prices.[245] In 2017, there were only 1,945 acres (787 ha) of tart cherry orchards, down from 2012 when there were 2,429 acres (983 ha).[246]

Lightning bugs become common by the end of June.[247]

#### Fall[edit | edit source]

Error creating thumbnail:

Apple orchard, October

Additionally, there were 400 acres (160 ha) of apple orchards in 2017, down from 468 acres (189 ha) in 2012.[248] In 2017, there were 12 acres (4.9 ha) of pear orchards, spread among 11 operations.[249] In 2017, there was only one acre (0.40 ha) of plum orchards, spread among four operations.[250] In 2007, there were two acres (0.81 ha) of apricot orchards, spread among six operations.[251] Research on the development of cold-hardy peaches has continued since the 1980s.[252] In 2012, there were two acres of peach orchards, spread among seven operations.[253]

In 2017, there were 40 acres (16 ha) of vineyards, down from 78 acres (32 ha) in 2012.[254] The county was recognized as part of a larger federally designated wine grape-growing region in 2012.[255]

In 2021, a county total of 3,940 deer were killed as a total of all deer hunting seasons, up from the total harvest of 4,166 deer in 2020.[256] In 2020, the county had the 6th highest deer density in the state with 56 deer per square mile of habitat.[257]

Another autumn activity is leaf peeping.[258]

Skiing and skating at Sturgeon Bay High School

File:Kaddy on skis.jpg

File:Skating rink at the lower campus.jpg

File:Mary-Tillie on skis.jpg

File:Skating rink at the lower campus 2.jpg

#### Winter[edit | edit source]

Winter attractions include ice fishing, sledding,[k] cross-country skiing,[263] camping,[264] broomball,[265] pond hockey,[266] snowmobiling,[267] watching lake freighters in Sturgeon Bay,[268] and Christmas tree farms.[269][270] In 2017, 860 Christmas trees were cut, down from 1,929 in 2012.[271] The county has a white Christmas nearly 60% of the time.[272]

### Culture[edit | edit source]

#### Lighthouses and historical sites[edit | edit source]

Further information: National Register of Historic Places listings in Door County, Wisconsin

Including both Lake Michigan and Green Bay shorelines, there are 50 total lights and lighthouses, besides lighted buoys.[273] Out of these, there are 10 historically significant lighthouse structures and sets of lights still serving as navigational lights. Most of them were built during the 19th century and are listed in the National Register of Historic Places: Baileys Harbor Range Lights, Cana Island Lighthouse,[274] Chambers Island Lighthouse, Eagle Bluff Lighthouse, Pilot Island Lighthouse, Plum Island Range Lights,[275] Pottawatomie Lighthouse, and Sturgeon Bay Canal Lighthouse. Other functioning historic lighthouses in the county include the Sherwood Point Lighthouse and the Sturgeon Bay Canal North Pierhead Light.[276] The Boyer Bluff Light is mounted on an 80-foot skeletal tower.[277] In addition, the Baileys Harbor Light is a non-functioning 19th century lighthouse.[276]

Thirteen historical sites are marked in the state maritime trail for the area[278] in addition to nine roadside historical markers.[279] In Sturgeon Bay, the tugboat John Purves is operated as a museum ship. Including lighthouses, the county has 72 properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places. There are 214 known confirmed and unconfirmed shipwrecks listed for the county,[280] including the SS Australasia, Christina Nilsson, Fleetwing, SS Frank O'Connor, Grape Shot, Green Bay, Hanover, Iris, SS Joys, SS Lakeland, Meridian, Ocean Wave, and Success. The SS Louisiana sank during the Great Lakes Storm of 1913.[281] Some shipwrecks are used for wreck diving.[282]

Buildings made from cordwood construction survive in the county, especially in the Bailey's Harbor area. Some, such as the Blacksmith Inn, are covered with clapboards on the outside.[283][284] It has been speculated that the use of stovewood in the county was associated with German immigrants and was also due to the lack of manpower needed to haul heavy logs.[285]

#### Food[edit | edit source]

Some foods of Door County

lapskaus stand, Sister Bay, lapskaus is a Norwegian potato stew

Swedish meatballs, Sister Bay

Swedish pancakes, Sister Bay

chowder, within the county

fish boil platter, within the county

booyah, location not described

kitchen, July 1940

Sturgeon Bay High School (7–12) students eating, from the 1916–1917 school year, caption reads "Just lunching"

Agritourism and culinary tourism supports food production.[286] Cooking classes are offered to tourists.[287]

Distinctive foods in the area include:

* cherry pie[288]
* Belgian pie[289][290]
* rhubarb pie[291]
* cherry kuchen[291]
* apple kuchen[291]
* rødgrød[291]
* rhubarb salad[291]
* rhubarb cake[291]
* rhubarb torte[291]
* cherry torte[291]
* raspberry marmalade Linzer torte[292]
* chicken caps–broiled mushroom caps coated in chicken spread and nuts[291]
* chocolate kraut cookies[291]
* cooked rhubarb juice diluted with water and sweetened with sugar[293]
* apricot pockets[294]
* cherry tarts[294]
* chopped cherry jam[295]
* cherry soup[296]
* Norwegian frugt suppe[297]
* cherry bread pudding[298]
* dried cherries[299]
* limpa bread[298]
* skorpa[l][298]
* æbleskiver–Icelandic pancakes[300][301]
* Norwegian and Swedish pancakes[302]
* green tomato jam[303]
* plum pudding with flaming brandy sauce[304]
* baked pears with cheese[305]
* cheese curds[306]
* fried perch[307]
* smoked chubs[308]
* fish boil–fuel oil flare up originated in the county to entertain tourists[309][m]
* booyah[310]–did not originate in Europe[311]
* Belgian trippe–sausage made with stomach lining[312]
* lapskaus–Norwegian potato stew[313]
* hash brown sandwich[312]

#### Scandinavian heritage[edit | edit source]

File:Washington Island Stavkirke chancel.jpg

Chancel and altarpiece inside the stave church on Washington Island.

Scandinavian heritage-related attractions include The Clearing Folk School, two stave churches,[314] structures in Rock Island State Park furnished with rune-inscribed furniture,[315] and Al Johnson's Swedish Restaurant, which features goats on its grassy roof. In Ephraim, the Village Hall, the Moravian and Lutheran churches, and the Peter Peterson House are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, as is the L. A. Larson & Co. Store building in Sturgeon Bay. Although fish boils have been attributed to Scandinavian tradition,[316] several ethnicities present on the peninsula have traditions of boiling fish. The method common in the county is similar to that of Native Americans.[317][n]

#### Industry[edit | edit source]

In Sturgeon Bay, industrial tourism includes tours of the Bay Shipbuilding Company,[318] CenterPointe Yacht Services[319][320] and other manufacturers.[321] In particular, Bay Ship owns a blue gantry crane that dominates the skyline.[322] A cheese factory in Clay Banks conducts public tours.[323]

#### Arts[edit | edit source]

Tourism supports an arts community, including weavers,[324] painters,[325] decorative artists,[326] blacksmiths,[327] actors,[o] songwriters,[328] musicians,[329] and hymn-singers.[330]

A quilt trail along roadside barns was organized in 2010.[331]

The interesting landscape makes it an attractive target for photography. Several photographs have been used for commemorative stamps. A Town of Sturgeon Bay farm was featured on a stamp commemorating the Wisconsin Sesquicentennial in 2004,[332] and a cherry orchard near Brussels was featured on 2012 Earthscapes series stamp.

#### Sports[edit | edit source]

Door County Fairgrounds

Door County fairgrounds grandstand in John Miles County Park

2015 IMCA Stock cars at Thunderhill Speedway in John Miles County Park.

Park sign; John Miles County Park is the official name of the county fairgrounds

Kettle Moraine Rough Riders drill team competing at the 2006 Door County Fair

Sports tourism includes an underwater hockey team,[333] a motor racetrack in Sturgeon Bay,[334] and a semi-pro football team in Baileys Harbor.[335]

A county-wide men's baseball league has eight teams.[336]

High school sports teams play in the Packerland Conference, except for girls' swimming and golf, which compete in the Bay Conference.

In 2014, Door County ranked 264th out of all 3,141 U.S. counties by number of golf courses and country clubs. The county has nine courses, tying with 42 other counties. Door County had the 87th highest number of courses per resident of all U.S. counties.[337]

#### Motorcycling[edit | edit source]

In 2020, 3,545 motorcycles were registered in the county, up from 1,806 in 2008.[338] A motorcycle club hosts a regional burning man event[339] involving a large wooden cow and maintains the adjacent Wisconsin Motorcycle Memorial.[340]

#### Flying[edit | edit source]

In 2021, 49 aircraft were registered in the county,[341] up from 46 aircraft in 2019.[342] During the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh, a fish boil is held as a $100 hamburger event at the Washington Island Airport to entice AirVenture conventiongoers to land on the island.[343]

#### Radio stations[edit | edit source]

* v
* t
* e

Radio stations in Door County, Wisconsin

By AM frequency|

* 910

By FM frequency|

* 88.5
* 89.7
* 90.5
* 91.3
* 91.7
* 91.9
* 93.9
* 96.7
* 97.7
* 99.7
* 102.1
* 104.1
* 105.1
* 106.9

| Translators|

* 98.9
* 103.1
* 103.3

|

Digital radio
by frequency & subchannel|

* 96.7-1
* 96.7-2

By call sign|

* W255AQ
* W276BC
* W277BP
* WBDK
* HD2
* WDKF
* WDOR
* WDOR-FM
* WHDI
* WHND
* WLGE
* WPFF
* WPVM
* WQDC
* WQQA
* WRKU
* WRLU
* WRMW
* WSBW

Nearby regions
Green Bay
Iron Mountain
Ludington-Manistee
Sheboygan-Manitowoc
Traverse City-Petoskey-Cadillac

See also
List of radio stations in Wisconsin

## Economy[edit | edit source]

Main article: Economy of Door County, Wisconsin

Door County's economy is considered a "forestry-related tourism"-based economy.[344] In 2020, the total gross domestic product (GDP) of the county was $1.39 billion, with the $274 million manufacturing industry overtaking real estate and rental and leasing that year to become the leading industry in the county at 19.7% of the overall GDP.[345]

## Transportation[edit | edit source]

### Land[edit | edit source]

According to the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT), in 2021 Door County had 1,270 miles (2,040 km) of roadways.[346] In county figures for 2007 there were 1,455 named roads in the county.[347] In 2013 there were 588 lane miles (946 lane km)[p] of county trunk highways, 1,743 lanemiles (2,805 lanekm) of local roads, and 268 lanemiles (431 lanekm) of state highways.[349] In WisDOT figures for 2018, there were 102 miles (164 km) of state highways, 296 miles (476 km) of county highways, and 872 miles (1,403 km) of local roads.[346]

Altogether, the county's roadways account for 1.10% of Wisconsin's 115,751 miles of public roadway.[346][350] The county's roadways saw 501 million miles of vehicle travel in 2019, which was 0.43% of the 115.7 billion miles driven statewide that year.[351][350] The highest volumes of traffic in the county occur on WIS 42/WIS 57 from the junction of the separated highways in Nasewaupee to the bridge over the bay.[352] From 2014 through 2017, fatalities and serious injuries especially occurred on the western side of the peninsula between the bay of Sturgeon Bay and Egg Harbor.[352] From 2018 through 2020, crashes involving injuries or fatalities peaked in the month of July, on Saturdays, and between 3:00 PM and 4:00 PM.[351]

File:Door County Coastal Byway March 2011.jpg

WIS 57 in March (here concurrent with the Door County National Scenic Byway)

File:Gill’s Rock on Highway 42.jpg

WIS 42 near Gills Rock in October

The combined WIS 42/WIS 57 separates again at a junction in Sevastapol. Following this separation, WIS 42 continues along the western side of the peninsula and sees more traffic than WIS 57,[352] which continues along the eastern side. The two highways combine again at a junction in Liberty Grove.

* File:WIS 42.svg Wisconsin Highway 42 (WIS 42)
* File:WIS 57.svg Wisconsin Highway 57 (WIS 57)
* Door County Coastal Byway (WIS 42 and WIS 57) north of Sturgeon Bay to Northport is classified as a Wisconsin Scenic Byway[353] and National Scenic Byway.[354]

There are five rustic roads in the county.[355] In addition to state-recognized rustic roads, Liberty Grove manages a heritage roads program. As of 2019[update] there were 12 heritage roads in the town.[356]

There are 230.8 miles (371.4 km)[357] of snowmobile trails,[358][359] which are opened as trails are groomed.[360]

#### Non-motorized[edit | edit source]

* The Ahnapee State Trail connects Sturgeon Bay to Kewaunee, winter snowmobile access is dependent on weather and trail grooming.[361] Although the Ice Age Trail coincides with most of the Ahnapee State Trail, the Ice Age Trail forks away in the City of Sturgeon Bay and reaches its northern terminus at Potawatomi State Park.[362] Mountain bike trails are located in three of the state parks.[363][364]
* WIS 42 and WIS 57 are part of the Lake Michigan Circle Tour.[365]
* Egg Harbor operates a free public bicycle-sharing system, limited to daylight hours within the village during the tourist season.[366]

#### Bridges across Sturgeon Bay[edit | edit source]

* Sturgeon Bay Bridge, (also called Michigan Street Bridge), truss structure, Scherzer-type, double-leaf, rolling-lift bascule with overhead counter-weights[367]
* Oregon Street Bridge (reinforced concrete slab, rolling lift bascule girder with mechanical driven center locks)[368]
* Bayview Bridge (monolithic concrete placed on structural deck with steel girder superstructure, open grating on deck, bascule)[369]

#### Ground transportation[edit | edit source]

A daily private shuttle service operates between Green Bay–Austin Straubel International Airport and Sturgeon Bay.[370] The nearest intercity bus stop with regular service is in Green Bay.[371] There are multiple private and public ground transportation services within the county, but none with regularly scheduled stops for the general public.[372][373]

### Air[edit | edit source]

There are eleven airports in the county, including private or semi-public airports.

* Door County Cherryland Airport (KSUE), medium general aviation,[374] public use, three miles (4.8 km) west of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
* Ephraim–Gibraltar Airport (3D2), small general aviation,[374] public use, one mile (1.6 km) southwest of Ephraim, Wisconsin
* Washington Island Airport (2P2), small general aviation,[374] public use
* Crispy Cedars Airport, Brussels (7WI8), private, but open to visitors with advance notice[375][376]
* Door County Memorial Hospital Heliport, allows for air ambulance service to the hospital from remote areas of the county[377] and for flying patients to Green Bay.
* Chambers Island Airport, private[378]
* Five other small airports[q]

Error creating thumbnail:

Ferry Robert Noble[r] serving Washington Island and Northport

### Water[edit | edit source]

#### Ferries[edit | edit source]

* Washington Island is served by two ferry routes operating between the Door Peninsula and Detroit Harbor. One route is a 30-minute ride on a freight, automobile, and passenger ferry that departs from the Northport Pier at the northern terminus of WIS 42. This ferry makes approximately 225,000 trips per year.[370] Another route is a 20- minute ride on a passenger-only ferry which departs from the unincorporated community of Gills Rock.[384]
* Rock Island State Park is reachable by the passenger ferry Karfi from Washington Island.[385] During winter Rock Island is potentially accessible via snowmobile and foot traffic.
* Although Chambers Island has no regularly scheduled ferry, there are boat operators which transport people to the island on call from Fish Creek.

#### Boat ramps and marinas[edit | edit source]

* There are 30 public boat access sites in the county.[386][387] The Lake Michigan State Water Trail follows most county shorelines.[388]

## Population and its health[edit | edit source]

Population structures,
1930–2010

1930–1960 Census age diagrams

1970 Census Age Pyramid

2000 Census Age Pyramid

2010 Census Age Pyramid

### Demographics[edit | edit source]

#### 2020 census[edit | edit source]

As of the census of 2020,[389] the population was 30,066. The population density was 62.4 inhabitants per square mile (24.1/km2). There were 23,738 housing units at an average density of 49.3 per square mile (19.0/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 92.3% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 1.6% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 3.8% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

#### 2000 Census[edit | edit source]

As of the 2000 census,[390] there were 27,961 people, 11,828 households, and 7,995 families residing in the county. The population density was 58 people per square mile (22/km2).[391] There were 19,587 housing units at an average density of 41 per square mile (16/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 97.84% White, 0.19% Black or African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. 0.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 39.4% were of German and 10.3% Belgian ancestry. A small pocket of Walloon speakers forms the only Walloon-language region outside of Wallonia and its immediate neighbors.[392][393]

Out of a total of 11,828 households, 58.10% were married couples living together, 6.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.40% were non-families. 28.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.84.[394]

Historical population

Census | Pop. |  | %±
1860| 2,948| | —
1870| 4,919| | 66.9%
1880| 11,645| | 136.7%
1890| 15,082| | 29.5%
1900| 17,583| | 16.6%
1910| 18,711| | 6.4%
1920| 19,073| | 1.9%
1930| 18,182| | −4.7%
1940| 19,095| | 5.0%
1950| 20,870| | 9.3%
1960| 20,685| | −0.9%
1970| 20,106| | −2.8%
1980| 25,029| | 24.5%
1990| 25,690| | 2.6%
2000| 27,961| | 8.8%
2010| 27,785| | −0.6%
2020| 30,066| | 8.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[395]
1790–1960[396] 1900–1990[397]
1990–2000[398] 2010[399] 2020[2]

For every 100 females there were 97.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.50 males. 22.10% of the population was under the age of 18,[400] a decrease from 25.9% being under the age of 18 in the 1990 census.[401]) Additionally, 6.10% were aged from 18 to 24, 25.40% from 25 to 44, and 27.70% from 45 to 64.[400]

#### Births, deaths, and migration[edit | edit source]

In 2020, there were 192 births, giving a general fertility rate of 51.1 births per 1000 women aged 15–44, the 15th lowest rate out of 72 Wisconsin counties.[402]

Between April 2010 and January 2021, there were an estimated 2,257 births and 3,606 deaths in the county. Although the greater number of deaths served to decrease the population by an estimated 1,349 people, this was more than offset by a net gain of 2,654 people who moved in from outside the county. Altogether, the population increased by an estimated 1,305 persons during this period.[403] Based on 5-year ACS estimates, Door County is thought to have had a net loss of residents to other counties from 2009 to 2015 and also in 2018, but a net gain from other counties in 2016-2017 and 2019.[404]

#### Most elderly and youthful communities[edit | edit source]

From ACS data from 2014 to 2018, the most elderly community in the county was the village of Ephraim with a median age of 65.4, the seventh most elderly out of all 1965 cities, towns, and villages having available data. Following Ephraim was Egg Harbor with a median age of 64.0, the 14th most elderly in the state, Sister Bay with a median age of 63.4, tied with Sherman in Iron County as the 18th most elderly, Washington Island with a median age of 62.9, tied with Union in Burnett County as the 22nd most elderly, Liberty Grove with a median age of 62.4, tied with Lakewood in Oconto County as the 26th most elderly, Egg Harbor with a median age of 59.8, tied with three other towns as the 55th most elderly, Gibraltar with a median age of 59.4, tied with the town of Raddison in Sawyer county as the 64th most elderly, and Bailey's Harbor with a median age of 58.5, tied with Big Bend in Rusk County as the 83rd most elderly.

The youngest community in Door County was the village of Forestville with a median age of 39.0. It tied with 12 other communities as the 429th youngest community in the state. Following the village of Forestville was the city of Sturgeon Bay with a median age of 42.8, tied with 9 other communities as the 742nd youngest in the state, Brussels with a median age of 46.9, tied with 8 other communities as the 1163rd youngest in the state, the town of Forestville with a median age of 47.4, tied with 9 other communities as the 1222nd youngest in the state, and Gardner with a median age of 49.4, tied with 15 other communities as the 1434th youngest in the state.[405]

Based on ACS data from 2013 to 2017, the county had a median age of 52.4 years old, tied with Florence as the fifth most elderly of all Wisconsin counties.[406] This was an increase from the 2000 census, which reported a county median age of 43 years.[400] In the 2000 census, 18.70% of the county population was 65 years of age or older.[400] By 2015, the percentage of elderly climbed, with 25.8% of the population being 65 or older, the third highest in the state.[407]

From 2013 to 2017, 36.8% of the 9,358 households in the county included children, based on the ACS 5-year estimate, compared to 44.2% for Wisconsin in 2017, based on the ACS one-year estimate.[408]

File:Stella Maris Catholic Parish.jpg

The Jacksonport site of Stella Maris Catholic Parish, a six-point parish in the northern part of the county.[409]

#### Religious statistics[edit | edit source]

In 2010 statistics, the largest religious group in Door County was the Catholics, with 9,325 adherents worshipping at six parishes, followed by 2,982 ELCA Lutherans with seven congregations, 2,646 WELS Lutherans with seven congregations, 872 Moravians with three congregations, 834 United Methodists with four congregations, 533 non-denominational Christians with six congregations, 503 LCMS Lutherans with two congregations, 283 LCMC Lutherans with one congregation, 270 Converge Baptists with three congregations, 213 Episcopalians with one congregation, 207 UCC Christians with one congregation, and 593 other adherents. Altogether, 69.3% of the population was counted as adherents of a religious congregation.[410]

In 2014, Door County had the 719th-most religious organizations per resident out of all 3,141 U.S. counties, with 34 religious organizations in the county.[337]

#### Marriages[edit | edit source]

Five-year ACS data from 2012 to 2016 show that an estimated 24.6% of women aged 45–54 in the county had never been married, the 69th highest percentage of never-married women in this age bracket out of 3,130 U.S. counties reporting data. The ACS estimate also found that 75.9% of women aged 35–44 were married, the 389th highest number of married women in this age bracket out of 3,136 counties reporting data. 13.4% of births were to unmarried women; the county was tied with three other counties in having the 180th lowest percentage of births to unmarried women out of 3,021 counties reporting data.[411]

In 2017, the county had the 25th-most marriages and 44th-most divorces out of all Wisconsin counties. September had the most marriages, with 68.[412] In 2016 the county was the 45th-most populous in the state.[413]

### Public health[edit | edit source]

In most measures of public health for 2019, the county has figures as healthy as or healthier than those of the entire state.[414] In 2017–2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System figures, adults in Door County have the highest incidence of arthritis, high blood pressure, cancer, high cholesterol, kidney disease, heart disease, and stroke when compared to adults in Wisconsin counties to the south along the Lake Michigan shore. Among the same counties, Door County has the second lowest incidence of asthma and the loss of all teeth, while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes rates are the second highest. When compared to counties directly to the north in the Upper Peninsula, health outcomes in Door County tend to be about the same or better, with mixed results when comparing Door County with Wisconsin counties directly to the west across Green Bay.[415] According to calculations based on 2010–2014 data, children born in Door County have a life expectancy of 80.9 years, the ninth highest of Wisconsin's 72 counties.[416] From 2000 to 2010, the county's premature death rate for people under 75 fell 35.0%, the second-greatest reduction in Wisconsin.[417]

Much of the county is thought to be far enough away from a maternity ward to cause some babies to be born outside of a maternity ward unintentionally, and the very northern part of the peninsula and Washington Island together account for one of only three populated areas in the state which are at least 30 miles away from a maternity ward.[418]

In December 2018, Door County residents aged 18–64 were less likely to be receiving government payments for disability than the averages for Wisconsin and the United States as a whole.[419] Five-year ACS estimates for 2012–2016 found that Door County tied with 24 other counties in having the 573rd lowest percentage of disabled residents under 65 out of all 3,145 U.S. counties. 9.3% were disabled.[411]

According to 2015-2019 ACS estimates, 8.66% of Door County's population are veterans. 20.36% of the county's veterans have a disability, compared to 9.07% for the county as a whole.[420] In 2019 there were 422 veterans in the county receiving compensation for a service-connected disability. 64 were aged 17–44, 84 were aged 45–64, and 274 were 65 or older. 391 were male and 31 were female. Disability ratings varied with 146 rating up to 20% disabled, 68 rating from 20%–60%, 84 rating from 70%–90% disabled, and 59 who were rated as 100% disabled.[421]

From 2009 to 2013 the county had the highest skin cancer rate in the state.[422]

Minors receiving county-managed
psychiatric medication, 2014–2021[423]

2020 drug charges by type of drug[424]

Marijuana, 30 charges

Methamphetamine, 22 charges

Cocaine, 2 charges

Heroin, 1 charge

Schedule I–IV drugs, 1 charge

A CDC survey of people reporting frequent mental distress (14–30 mentally unhealthy days in the last 30 days, data aggregated over 2003–2009) found that people in Door County were more likely to be distressed than those in most Wisconsin counties, but less likely to be distressed than those in the heavily urbanized southeast portion of the state.[425] In 2018 figures for Medicare recipients, the county had the second-lowest prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in the state at 1.03%, although data was only available for 71 of Wisconsin's 72 counties. Nationally the county had the 87th lowest prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The county also ranked 51st lowest in the state for depression at 16.13% of Medicare recipients.[426]

With a rate of 9.53 county-medicated children per 1000 children, Door County had the fourth highest rate in the state out of all 27 counties and multi-county social services agencies reporting statistics on the psychiatric medication of minors in 2019. Out of the 51 medicated minors in 2021, 27 were female and 24 were male, 39 were white, 9 were of an unknown race, and 3 belonged to another race or was multiracial. Out of all races, 7 were ethnically Hispanic/Latino[427]

In 2019, the county Behavioral Health Unit had 185 clients, up from 142 in 2018.[428]

In 2017–2019 figures, 15.0% of the county's adult population smoked, the fourth lowest in the state and 275th lowest nationally.[429]

In 2017, three people died from drug abuse, up from two in 2016.[430]

In 2021 figures from a national health statistics program, Door County ranked 27th highest out of all counties nationally for adults either binge drinking or drinking heavy amounts of alcohol. 27.5% of adults surveyed in the county reported either binge or heavy drinking within the last thirty days, with an error margin between 26%–29%.[431]

In 2018, Door County ranked 88th nationally for the lowest percentage of Medicare recipients who abused drugs or substances. It also had state's lowest prevalence of drug and substance abuse with 1.17% of Medicare recipients abusing drugs or substances. It also had the second lowest prevalence of alcohol abuse among Medicare recipients out of all Wisconsin counties. 1.36% of the 6,403 Medicare recipients in the county were known to abuse alcohol, which was less than the national average of 2.08%. It also ranked the lowest in the state for chronic kidney disease at 17.68% of Medicare recipients.[426] In 2018, 3.65% of all Medicare Part D prescriptions were for opioids, less than the state average of 4.67% and the national average of 4.68%. 4,376 Medicare claims in the county were for opioids and involved 66 different prescribers. Of the 4,376 claims, 624 of them (14.26%) involved long-acting opioids, which contain more drug, have a larger potential for misuse and addiction, and are of significant concern in the opioid epidemic in the United States. Although 14.26% was less than the state average of 14.47%, it was greater than the national average of 11.79%. Both the overall Medicare Part D opioid prescription rate and the rate for long-acting opioids decreased between 2013 and 2018.[432] In 2020, 15 deaths from opioid related overdoses were reported in the county.[433]

The prevalence of arthritis in the county was the highest in the state at 38.03% of Medicare recipients, respectively. Nationally, Door County ranked 92nd highest for the most cancer among Medicare recipients, and it was also the top ranking county in the state with 9.98% of Medicare recipients having cancer.[426] Out of all Wisconsin counties and for all ages, Door County had the ninth lowest age-adjusted death rate for cancer in 2015–2019 figures.[434]

#### COVID-19[edit | edit source]

On March 25, 2020, non-essential businesses were closed under the statewide Safer at Home order,[435] with the first case in the county reported on March 30.[436] After a ruling from the Wisconsin Supreme Court struck down the statewide order, the county board extended the quarantine until May 19, 2020.[437] Some businesses were impacted by the coronavirus-related suspension of the J-1 visa program; no foreign students received visas to work in Door County in 2020.[438] Meal sites for the elderly remained closed and did not reopen until June 7, 2021.[439] Additionally, the county Adult Protective Services experienced a 70.7% drop in referrals in 2020 with only 115 new referrals submitted.[440] This was due to elderly not leaving their homes as often and not having contact with people who typically file allegations with the Adult Protective Services.[441] Previously the volume of allegations of self-neglect, abuse, and financial exploitation[s] had increased from 61 referrals in 2007 to 392 referrals in 2019.[443] Reports of child abuse and neglect decreased from 433 in 2019 to 396 in 2020;[444] this was due to children not seeing teachers, medical professionals, or other mandated reporters.[441] In 2021, both counts increased, with 121 APS referrals[445] and 517 CPS reports for the year.[444] Coronavirus statistics are updated weekly by the Door County Public Health Office,[446] and vaccination figures are published by the Wisconsin Department of Health Services[447] and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.[448]

## Crime[edit | edit source]

In 2020, there were 208 felony cases prosecuted by the county,[357] up from 195 cases in 2019 and 171 in 2018. No trials were held concerning any of the felony cases in 2020.[357] In 2019, 3 cases went to trial, down from 6 in 2018.[428]

The county has been a focus of sex-trafficking enforcement efforts.[449] From 2015 to 2020 there were no reports of sex-trafficking in the county.[450]

In 2014, the voluntary intoxication defense in Wisconsin was repealed due to outcry following its use during a trial in Door County. Initially the trial ended with a hung jury but a retrial resulted in a conviction.[451][452]

## Communities[edit | edit source]

File:Travel Map of Door County Wisconsin.jpg

Towns in 1915; the borders remain the same today except for annexations by the City of Sturgeon Bay and the four villages.

### Incorporated communities[edit | edit source]

#### City[edit | edit source]

* Sturgeon Bay (county seat)

#### Villages[edit | edit source]

* Egg Harbor
* Ephraim
* Forestville
* Sister Bay

#### Towns[edit | edit source]

* Baileys Harbor (Cana Island is in the Town of Baileys Harbor)
* Brussels
* Clay Banks
* Egg Harbor
* Forestville
* Gardner
* Gibraltar (the Strawberry Islands, Hat, Horseshoe, and Chambers Island are in the Town of Gibraltar)
* Jacksonport
* Liberty Grove (Gravel Island, Spider Island, and the Sister Islands are in the Town of Liberty Grove)
* Nasewaupee
* Sevastopol
* Sturgeon Bay
* Union
* Washington Island

### Unincorporated communities[edit | edit source]

* Brussels
* Carlsville
* Carnot
* Detroit Harbor
* Fish Creek
* Gills Rock
* Idlewild
* Institute
* Jacksonport
* Juddville
* Kolberg
* Maplewood
* Namur
* North Bay
* Northport
* Peninsula Center
* Rosiere (partially in Kewaunee County)
* Rowleys Bay
* Salona
* Shoemaker Point
* Valmy
* Vignes
* Washington
* West Jacksonport
* Whitefish Bay

Census-designated places

* Baileys Harbor
* Ellison Bay
* Little Sturgeon

### Former communities[edit | edit source]

#### Absorbed into Sturgeon Bay[edit | edit source]

* Sawyer
* Stevens Hill

#### Sites used as parks[edit | edit source]

* Rock Island (settlement on island), now Rock Island State Park
* Newport (community), now Newport State Park[453][454]
* Williamsonville, now Tornado Memorial County Park[455][456][457]

## Adjacent counties[edit | edit source]

Further information: Green Bay metropolitan area

For a history of county borders, see Door Peninsula § County border adjustments.

### By land[edit | edit source]

* Kewaunee County \- south

### In Green Bay[edit | edit source]

* Brown County \- southwest[458]
* Oconto County \- west
* Marinette County \- northwest
* Menominee County, Michigan \- northwest

### Along the Rock Island Passage[edit | edit source]

* Delta County, Michigan \- north; Eastern Time Zone

### In Lake Michigan[edit | edit source]

* Leelanau County, Michigan \- northeast and east; Eastern Time Zone
* Benzie County, Michigan \- southeast; Eastern Time Zone

## Notable people[edit | edit source]

* Robert C. Bassett (1911–2000), U.S. presidential advisor[459]
* Jule Berndt (1924–1997), pastor
* Norbert Blei (1935–2013), writer
* Gene Brabender (1941–1996), baseball player[460]
* Hans Christian (born 1960), musician
* Jessie Kalmbach Chase (1879–1970), painter
* Eddie Cochems (1877–1953), "Father of the Forward Pass"
* Erik Cordier (born 1986), baseball player
* Katherine Whitney Curtis (1897–1980), originator of synchronized swimming
* A. J. Dillon (born 1998), Green Bay Packers running back, has the key to the county
* Mary Maples Dunn (1931–2017), historian
* John Fetzer (1840–1900), mill owner, Wisconsin State Senator
* Jim Flanigan (born 1971), football player[461]
* Lou Goss (born 1987), racecar driver
* Chris Greisen (born 1976), Milwaukee Iron quarterback (AFL)
* Nick Greisen (born 1979), Denver Broncos linebacker (NFL)
* Stuart Hagmann (born 1942), film and television director
* Bernard Hahn (1860–1931), Wisconsin State Representative, hotel and opera house owner, arsonist
* Arthur G. Hansen (1925–2010), engineer, university president and chancellor.
* Hjalmar Holand (1872–1963), historian
* Jens Jensen (1860–1951), landscape architect
* M. J. Jischke (born 1885), butcher, postmaster
* Al Johnson, (born 1979), football player
* Ben Johnson (born 1980), football player
* Bill Jorgenson (1930 – 2007), bluegrass musician
* Al C. Kalmbach (1910–1981), publisher
* Henry Killilea (1863–1929), helped found American League[462]
* Curly Lambeau (1898–1965), football player and coach[463]
* Doug Larson (1926–2017), newspaper writer
* James Larsin (b. 1855), saved seven people from drowning
* Lester Leitl (1899–1980), football player and coach
* Pat MacDonald (born 1952), once part of Timbuk 3, runs Steel Bridge Songfest
* Amy McKenzie (born 1959), producer/director
* Thomas J. Minar (born 1963), sex offender[464]
* Edward S. Minor (1840–1924), U.S. Representative
* Alex Meunier (1897–1983), teacher, orchardist, Wisconsin State Senator
* Conrad P. Olson (1882–1952), Oregon Supreme Court justice
* Sigurd F. Olson (1899–1982), wilderness guide
* Alexander Noble (1829–1905), town official in Fish Creek
* Charles L. Peterson, (1927–2022), painter
* Casey Rabach (born 1977), Washington Redskins center (NFL)
* David M. Raup (1933–2015), paleontologist
* Hugh M. Raup (1901–1995), ecologist
* Dennis A. Reed (born 1822), Wisconsin State Representative, Civil War lieutenant
* Charles Reynolds (1839–1914), Wisconsin State Representative, Civil War captain
* Thomas Reynolds[465] (1840–1919), Wisconsin State Representative, patriarch of Wisconsin political dynasty
* Jack Ritchie (1922–1983), writer of detective fiction
* Hallie H. Rowe (1896–1992), sheriff, Wisconsin State Assemblyman
* Paul J. Schlise (born 1966), U.S. Navy admiral
* John Shinners (born 1947), football player
* Paul Sills (1927–2008), director, improvisation teacher
* Allen Thiele (1940–2017), Coast Guard officer
* Chester Thordarson (1867–1945), inventor, erected buildings on Rock Island
* Emma Toft (1891–1982), resort owner
* Madeline Tourtelot (1915–2002), artist, founder of the Peninsula School of Art
* James Valcq (born 1963), writer of musicals
* Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), economist
* Richard Warch (1939–2013), president of Lawrence University
* Lloyd Wasserbach (1921–1949), football player
* Charles Mitchell Whiteside (1854–1924), helped merge Sawyer and Sturgeon Bay
* Randy Wright (born 1961), Green Bay Packers quarterback (NFL)
* Albert Zahn (1894–1953), folk artist known as the birdman

## Politics[edit | edit source]

From May through August 2019, a randomized study asked 313 beachgoers visiting 27 Door County beaches and 85 beachgoers visiting three beaches in Algoma, Kewaunee, and Manitowoc which political party they belonged to. Out of the total 398 people surveyed, 38.4% were Democratic, 26% Republican, 19.6% Independent, 1% Green, 1% Libertarian, 2.2% Other, and 11.8% gave no response.[466]

The county has voted more moderately Republican than nearby Brown, Kewaunee and Manitowoc Counties ever since 1940, only voting for a Democrat in 1964 and 1996. In addition, the county voted for the winning candidate in every presidential election since 1996. President Clinton was the last candidate to win the state without carrying Door County in the 1992 presidential election. Door County has voted Republican since the 2010 gubernatorial election, although this does not have any significant effect on the results.

United States presidential election results for Door County, Wisconsin[467] Year  | Republican | Democratic | Third party

|
|
|

No. | % | No. | % | No. | %
2020 | 9,752  | 48.48%  | 10,044  | 49.93% | 321  | 1.60%
2016 | 8,580  | 48.77% | 8,014  | 45.55%  | 998  | 5.67%
2012 | 8,121  | 45.96%  | 9,357  | 52.95% | 193  | 1.09%
2008 | 7,112  | 40.68%  | 10,142  | 58.02% | 227  | 1.30%
2004 | 8,910  | 50.94% | 8,367  | 47.84%  | 214  | 1.22%
2000 | 7,810  | 51.31% | 6,560  | 43.10%  | 850  | 5.58%
1996 | 4,948  | 40.39%  | 5,590  | 45.63% | 1,713  | 13.98%
1992 | 5,468  | 39.69% | 4,735  | 34.37%  | 3,574  | 25.94%
1988 | 6,907  | 55.60% | 5,425  | 43.67%  | 90  | 0.72%
1984 | 8,264  | 67.35% | 3,916  | 31.91%  | 91  | 0.74%
1980 | 7,170  | 55.23% | 4,961  | 38.21%  | 851  | 6.56%
1976 | 6,557  | 57.43% | 4,553  | 39.88%  | 307  | 2.69%
1972 | 6,503  | 64.25% | 3,430  | 33.89%  | 188  | 1.86%
1968 | 5,647  | 63.34% | 2,728  | 30.60%  | 541  | 6.07%
1964 | 4,289  | 49.22%  | 4,416  | 50.68% | 9  | 0.10%
1960 | 5,790  | 61.50% | 3,610  | 38.35%  | 14  | 0.15%
1956 | 6,722  | 77.96% | 1,859  | 21.56%  | 41  | 0.48%
1952 | 7,621  | 80.82% | 1,790  | 18.98%  | 19  | 0.20%
1948 | 4,911  | 65.84% | 2,440  | 32.71%  | 108  | 1.45%
1944 | 5,668  | 68.25% | 2,599  | 31.29%  | 38  | 0.46%
1940 | 5,461  | 66.11% | 2,750  | 33.29%  | 49  | 0.59%
1936 | 3,146  | 41.05%  | 3,952  | 51.57% | 566  | 7.39%
1932 | 2,488  | 36.95%  | 4,149  | 61.61% | 97  | 1.44%
1928 | 3,636  | 59.28% | 2,456  | 40.04%  | 42  | 0.68%
1924 | 1,891  | 38.56%  | 235  | 4.79%  | 2,778  | 56.65%
1920 | 3,817  | 88.34% | 385  | 8.91%  | 119  | 2.75%
1916 | 1,656  | 56.25% | 1,204  | 40.90%  | 84  | 2.85%
1912 | 1,167  | 41.15% | 769  | 27.12%  | 900  | 31.73%
1908 | 2,463  | 73.88% | 778  | 23.34%  | 93  | 2.79%
1904 | 2,689  | 80.51% | 515  | 15.42%  | 136  | 4.07%
1900 | 2,362  | 76.29% | 674  | 21.77%  | 60  | 1.94%
1896 | 2,402  | 71.30% | 895  | 26.57%  | 72  | 2.14%
1892 | 1,596  | 58.18% | 1,007  | 36.71%  | 140  | 5.10%

## Gallery[edit | edit source]

* Sister Bay Sunset.jpg

Sunset, Sister Bay

* Wigwam display at Whitefish Dunes State Park

* Hog Island, Door County, Wisconsin.jpg

Hog Island

* Cave Point.jpg

Cave Point County Park

* Ahnapee River below Forestville Dam.jpg

The Ahnapee River below the dam at Forestville

* Sturgeon Bay canal from berm.jpg

Sturgeon Bay Shipping Canal

## Explanatory notes[edit | edit source]

1. ^ See the 1899 rail map.
2. ^ In 1914 the Door County News reported about the variety and quality of fruit at the county fair and editorialized, "No wonder they call Door county the California of the North for surely little Door is one of the keenest rivals that the state of California will ever have...Of all the names that have been applied to Door county this exhibit would pick or force most of us to say that Door county is The Garden of Eden of the United States."[54] In the early 1900s, "California of the North" was the title of a poem by Jens Jacobsen.[55]
3. ^ For detailed soil maps showing specific areas, see the Web Soil Survey, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture
4. ^ Summerville soil series information, also see inceptisol as Summerville soils are inceptisols.
5. ^ Longrie soil series information, also see spodosol, as Longrie soils are spodosols.
6. ^ Omena soil series information, also see alfisol, as Omena soils are alfisols.
7. ^ Grand Traverse Island State Park was founded in 1970 and protects sightly more than 5 acres (2.0 ha) of land on Detroit Island.[137] It consists of five discontiguous parcels[138] and there is no ferry access; this undeveloped state park is ordinarily omitted from state park listings.
8. ^ Gardner Swamp Wildlife Area, Mud Lake Wildlife Area, Reibolts Creek Public Access, and Schuyler Creek State Fishery Area
9. ^ Access to SNAs depends on ownership, but most are free and open to the public. Complex ownership complicates a straightforward listing of the parks, as besides the land trust, the Nature Conservancy manages five preserves in the county.
10. ^ See Trout stream classifications, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
11. ^ There are two public sledding hills in Sturgeon Bay,[259] one in Sister Bay,[260] one in Peninsula State Park,[261] and a small sledding hill in Potawatomi State Park.[262]
12. ^ See Skorpa for fika by Bonnie Sparrman in Pietisten 12(2), Fall/Winter 2017
13. ^ As a food preparation ritual, fish boils in the county have been compared to the Lūʻau parties of Hawaii, the barbecues of the South, and the clambakes of the Northeast.[45]
14. ^ For a description of Belgian acculturation towards Native Americans, see The Walloon Immigrants Of Northeast Wisconsin An Examination Of Ethnic Retention by Jacqueline Tinkler, MA Thesis, UT-Arlington, May 2013, pp. 26–27 (pp. 33–34 of the pdf)
15. ^ See Peninsula Players and Northern Sky Theater
16. ^ Lane miles are the number of miles of road multiplied by the number of lanes; in Wisconsin lane mile figures each lane is a 12-foot (3.7 m) width of road.[348]
17. ^ The other five private airports:
* Forscoro Airport, Forestville
* Hill Road Airport, Sister Bay[379]
* Mick Schier Field Airport, Namur[380]
* Mave's Lakeview Road Airport, Ellison Bay[381]
* Sunny Slope Runway Airport, Egg Harbor[382]
18. ^ This ferry is named after Robert Noble, who was a shipwreck survivor and 19th century ferry operator across Sturgeon Bay.[383]
19. ^ In 2019, 85.6% of referrals alleging the abuse and neglect of adults or elderly involved self-neglect and 5.4% were for financial exploitation. The remaining 8.0% of referrals alleged other crimes, such as neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse.[442]

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ Robertson, Jim (March 4, 1969). "Our own story: It's here and It's delicious". Door County Advocate. Vol. 107, no. 99\. p. 1.
2. ^ a b "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
4. ^ "Wisconsin: Individual County Chronologies". Wisconsin Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2007. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
5. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 108. Retrieved May 7, 2018 - via Internet Archive.
6. ^ Kohl, Cris; Forsberg, Joan. Shipwrecks at Death's Door. p. 10.
7. ^ Eaton, Conan Bryant (1980). Death's Door: The Pursuit of a Legend (Revised ed.). Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin: Bayprint. p. 22.
8. ^ Holand, Hjalmar (1917). History of Door County Wisconsin, The County Beautiful. Chicago: S. J. Clarke. p. 77.
9. ^ Titus, William A. (1930). "Chapter XXXVI: Door County". History of the Fox River Valley, Lake Winnebago, and the Green Bay region. Vol. 2\. Chicago: S.J. Clarke. p. 802.
10. ^ a b c "Chapter 3: Historical and Cultural Resources". Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030 (PDF). Vol. II, Resource Report. Table 3.1: Timeline of Historic Events in Door County. pp. 19–20. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
11. ^ a b Historical Records Survey, Division of Women's and Professional Projects (1938). Inventory of the Church Archives of Wisconsin: Moravian Church. Works Progress Administration. p. 21. and Holand, Hjalmar R. (1917). "Chapter XXXIV: Ephraim". History of Door County, Wisconsin. Chicago: S. J. Clarke.
12. ^ "On Islands, Lighthouses, & The Keeper of the Light on Pilot Island: Martin Nicolai Knudsen; 'A Gleam Across the Wave'". Norbert Blei Door County Times. December 20, 2006. Archived from the original on February 2, 2007.
13. ^ Hale, James B. (1996). Going For The Mail: A History Of Door County Post Offices. Green Bay, Wisconsin: Brown County Historical Society.
14. ^ Village of Forestville Comprehensive Plan (PDF). September 11, 2009. pp. 14–16. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
15. ^ Soucek, G. (2011). Door County Tales: Shipwrecks, Cherries and Goats on the Roof. American Chronicles. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61423-383-1. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
16. ^ Lott, Katie (May 1, 2009). "Southern Door County's Belgian Wayside Chapels". Door County Living. Retrieved January 22, 2019. "Where to Find Belgian Chapels in Door County". Door County Visitor Bureau. Retrieved January 22, 2019. Google. "Wisconsin Belgian Roadside Chapels" (Map). Google Maps. Google.
17. ^ Holand, Hjalmar Rued (1933). "Chapter VII: Belgian Characteristics and Customs" (PDF). Wisconsin's Belgian community: an account of the early events in the Belgian settlement in northeastern Wisconsin with particular reference to the Belgians in Door County. pp. 82 ff. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. See also the Table of Contents for the entire book.
18. ^ Powell, J. W.; Royce, Charles C.; Thomas, Cyrus (1899). "Wisconsin 1" (Map). Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology: 1896-97, Part 2. 1:2,217,600. Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission. p. 728.
19. ^ "Door County Survey Notes". Wisconsin Board of Commissioners of Public Lands.
20. ^ "Surveys, Door County, Wisconsin". General Land Office Records. United States Bureau of Land Management.
21. ^ "Fifty Cents an Acre". Door County Advocate. Vol. 76, no. 3\. March 26, 1937. p. 4.
22. ^ "Patents, Door County, Wisconsin". General Land Office Records. United States Bureau of Land Management.
23. ^
* "1847 Warrants, Door County Wisconsin". General Land Office Records. United States Bureau of Land Management.
* "1850 Warrants, Door County Wisconsin". General Land Office Records. United States Bureau of Land Management.
* "1852 Warrants, Door County Wisconsin". General Land Office Records. United States Bureau of Land Management.
* "1855 Warrants, Door County Wisconsin". General Land Office Records. United States Bureau of Land Management.
24. ^ "Patents, Land Act of 1820, Door County Wisconsin". General Land Office Records. United States Bureau of Land Management.
25. ^ "Patents, Homestead Act of 1862, Door County Wisconsin". General Land Office Records. United States Bureau of Land Management.
26. ^ "Patents, Morrill Act of 1862, Door County Wisconsin". General Land Office Records. United States Bureau of Land Management.
27. ^ Holand, Hjalmar R. (March 26, 1937). "County Had 3,000 people in 1862; Sturgeon Bay, a Settlement of 30 Homes". Door County Advocate. Vol. 76, no. 3\. p. 1.
28. ^ Moran, Joseph M.; Somerville, E. Lee (1990). Tornadoes of Fire at Williamsonville, Wisconsin, October 8, 1871 (PDF). Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
29. ^ Skiba, Justin (September 2, 2016). "The Fire That Took Williamsonville". Door County Living. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
30. ^ "Tornado Memorial Park" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020. kiosk historical notes, also see "County C Park and Ride lot panel draft" (PDF). p. 19.
31. ^ Zimmerman, Lisa Marie (2013). Brick by Brick: A Comparative pXRF Analysis of Brickworks and Structures in the Belgian-American Community of the Door Peninsula (M.S. thesis). University of Wisconsin Milwaukee. and Holmes, Fred L. (1944). Old World Wisconsin: around Europe in the Badger State. E. M. Hale and Co. p. 163.
32. ^ Davis, Jeffery F. (1998). "An Advocate For The County". Door County Magazine.
33. ^ Mead, Howard; Dean, Jill; Smith, Susan (1998). Portrait of the Past: A Photographic Journey Through Wisconsin, 1865–1920. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Trails. p. 57.
34. ^ Transportation Profile Draft (PDF). Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030 Transportation Advisory Workgroup. p. 5\. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
35. ^ "Station Sturgeon Bay Canal, Wisconsin" (PDF). U.S. Coast Guard History Program. United States Coast Guard. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 25, 2008. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
36. ^ "USCG Station Washington Island" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 25, 2012. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
37. ^ Wiley, Charles Frederick (1990). Did You Get the Eagle, Mr. Moss? A Memoir of Ephraim Summers. Sister Bay, Wisconsin: Wm Caxton. pp. 34 and 109.
38. ^ "Total Indian Population as of June 1, 1890" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. p. 1.
39. ^ "Table 7. Indians, Chinese, and Japanese, For Counties and For Cities of 25,000 or More: 1920, 1920, and 1900" (PDF). Fourteenth Census of the United States: State Compendium: Wisconsin. Bureau of the Census. 1925. p. 33.
40. ^ "Railway Express". Door County Advocate. Vol. 76, no. 3\. March 26, 1937. p. 3.
41. ^ Dannhausen, Myles Jr.; Williamson, Patty (November 15, 2011). "The Rise and Fall of the Ahnapee & Western Railway". Door County Living.
42. ^ Mailer, Stan (1989). Green Bay & Western The First 111 Years. Hundman Publishing.
43. ^ Thomas, Bruce (1993). Door County Wisconsin's Peninsular Jewel. pp. 33–34, 41. OCLC 767578020. also see the inflation calculator from measuringworth.com
44. ^ Frederickson, Arthur C.; Frederickson, Lucy F. (1963). Ships and Shipwrecks in Door County, Wisconsin. Vol. 2\. Frankfort, Michigan: A.C. and L.F. Frederickson. p. 3.
45. ^ a b Hart, John Fraser (1984). "Resort Areas in Wisconsin". Geographical Review. Vol. 74, no. 2\. pp. 206, 207, and 198–200. JSTOR 214100.
46. ^ Dadant, C. F. (September 19, 1901). "A Bee-keeper's Vacation Spent in Wisconsin". American Bee Journal. Vol. 41, no. 38\. Chicago. p. 957.
47. ^ Wiley (1990), pp. 110–115.
48. ^ Nolen, John (1909). State parks for Wisconsin. Report of John Nolen, Landscape Architect, With Letter of Transmittal by State Park Board. p. 31.
49. ^ Schuknecht, Roy J. (May–June 1921). "Wisconsin's Wonderland". See America First Magazine. Vol. 7, no. 4\. p. 103.
50. ^ Ellis, William S. (March 1969). "Wisconsin's Door Peninsula 'A Kingdom So Delicious'". National Geographic. p. 350.
51. ^ Bureau of Environmental Impact (June 1978). "Recreational Demand". Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed Acquisition, Development and Management of Grand Traverse Islands State Park, Door County Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. p. 35.
52. ^ "Appendix E, Bay Shore County Park 4(f)/6(4) Evaluation, Purpose and Need for Proposed Action, Part C. Need for the Action". Final Environmental Impact Statement, Project I.D. 1480-04/08-00, STH 57, STH 54 - STH 42 Brown, Kewaunee and Door Counties. December 3, 1998. p. 10.
53. ^ quotation taken from the Green Bay Press Gazette, June 15, 1938, in Tishler, William H. (2006). Door County's Emerald Treasure: A History of Peninsula State Park. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 194\. ISBN 9780299220730.
54. ^ "Some of the Products of Door County - The Wonderland of Wisconsin -- The California of the North". Door County News. Vol. 1, no. 14\. September 25, 1914. p. 7.
55. ^ "Part II: Jens Jacobsen, 'The California Connection'". Norman Blei Door County Times. June 28, 2006. Archived from the original on February 2, 2007.
56. ^ a b c d Cain, Cortney (May 2006). "Chapter 4, Door County Apple Horticulture". The Development of Apple Horticulture in Wisconsin, 1850s-1950s: Case Studies of Bayfield, Crawford, and Door Counties (M.A. thesis). UW-Madison. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
57. ^ Bankston, Kody; Jarocki, Morgan & Miller, Adrienne (2012). "Geography of Apple Orchards in Wisconsin: Examining the Core of Cultivation" (PDF) (Student paper). University of Wisconsin-Madison.
58. ^ Irwin, Emily (July 1, 2017). "Migrant Labor and Door County Cherries".
59. ^ Weso, Thomas Pecore (2016). Good Seeds: A Menominee Indian Food Memoir. Wisconsin Historical Society Press. p. 29\. ISBN 9780870207723.
60. ^ Goode, Mariah (July 1, 2005). "The Harvest of 1945: German POW Camps Filled Door County's Labor Shortage". Door County Pulse.
61. ^ Lentz, Cheyenne (June 23, 2015). "Story of Wisconsin's German POWs Is a Piece of Hidden History, Author Says". Wisconsin Public Radio.
62. ^ Jaques, Damien (July 9, 2012). "Cherry Picking with German POWs in Door County". On Milwaukee.
63. ^ Tishler, W.H. (2006). Door County's Emerald Treasure: A History of Peninsula State Park. Wisconsin Land and Life. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-22073-0. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
64. ^ Cowley, Betty (2002). "Camp Sturgeon Bay 1945". Stalag Wisconsin: Inside WW II Prisoner-of-War Camps. Oregon, Wisconsin: Badger Books. pp. 240 and 243. ISBN 9781878569837.
65. ^ González, Sergio (2017). Mexicans in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Historical Society Press. ISBN 9780870208355.
66. ^ Migrant Agricultural workers in Door County. Wisconsin State Department of Public Welfare, Division for Children and Youth. 1951. pp. 51 ff.
67. ^ MacVeigh-Fierro, Daniel; Ricci, Samantha & Walder, Damani (October 19, 2014). "Developing Strategies to Improve Farm Labor Camp Housing Policy in Massachusetts" (PDF) (B.S. Interactive Qualifying Project). Worcester Polytechnic Institute Boston Project Center. p. 65\. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
68. ^ "A.W. Schorger notes" (PDF). pp. 330–632. Temple, Stanley (2014). "index to Schorger's notes: Wisconsin" (PDF). Passenger Pigeon Project. Chicago Academy of Sciences and its Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum. p. 42.
69. ^ "Rural News Items: Forestville". Algoma Record Herald. Vol. 29, no. 25\. October 18, 1901. p. 8.
70. ^ Shelak, Benjamin J. (2003). Shipwrecks of Lake Michigan. Black Earth, Wisconsin: Trails Books. p. 41\. ISBN 9781931599214.
71. ^ Enigl, John & Felhofer, Wallace "Bud" (2001). They Wanted Wings: A History of Door County Aviation (PDF). p. 5\. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
72. ^ Hodges, Heidi & Steebs, Kathy (2018). Hidden History of Sturgeon Bay. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. p. 113\. ISBN 9781467119702.
73. ^ Enigl & Felhofer (2001), p. 13; "Over There and Everywhere". U.S. Air Services. Vol. 2, no. 4\. November 1919. p. 33.
74. ^ Dannhausen, Myles Jr. (May 1, 2013). "Horseshoe Bay Farms Still Stands Tall". Door County Living.
75. ^ Veregin, Howard (February 23, 2011). "Wisconsin historic aerial photographs now available online". Wisconsin Geospatial News. For low resolution scans of the 1952 photos, see "22 National Archive search results for 'Index to Aerial Photography of Door County, Wisconsin'". National Archives and Records Administration.
76. ^ Bellak, Theodore (1995). Memoirs of Gliding and Soaring. Freeman, South Dakota: Pine Hill Press. p. 69\. ISBN 9781575790046.
77. ^ "Glider Crosses Lake in 1 Hour and 6 Minutes". Door County News. June 15, 1939. p. 1.
78. ^ "Here He Goes! Bellak and His Sailplane!". Door County Advocate. June 16, 1939. p. 1.
79. ^ Bellak, Theodore (1995). Memoirs of Gliding and Soaring. Freeman, South Dakota: Pine Hill Press. pp. 70, 204. ISBN 9781575790046.
80. ^ Morelli, Meghan (December 14, 2012). "More Mysteries in the Great Lakes". UpNorthLive. Traverse City, Michigan: WPBN-TV. Archived from the original on February 7, 2020.
81. ^ Richardson, Ross. "1959 Bridgebuilder X". Michigan Mysteries. Archived from the original on November 23, 2019.
82. ^ "Door County and Jingdezhen, China: Sister Cities". Door County Living. July 1, 2004. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
83. ^ "Chapter 15 Alcohol Licensing" (PDF). Village of Ephraim. pp. 4–6.
84. ^ a b Roberts, Rhonda (April 6, 2016). "After 163 years, Door County's Ephraim no longer dry". WBAY-TV, Green Bay. Archived from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
85. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
86. ^ Geib, W. J.; Thompson, Carl; Geib, H.V. (1918). Soil Survey of Door County, Wisconsin (PDF). USDA Bureau of Soils. p. 6.
87. ^ Sherrill, M.G. (1978). "Geology and ground water in Door County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on contamination potential in the Silurian dolomite" (PDF). Open-File Report. U.S. Geological Survey. pp. 11–12. doi:10.3133/OFR7761. S2CID 210024286. Water-Supply Paper 2047. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 26, 2020.
88. ^ Swanson, Susan. Wisconsin Springs: Data (Map). Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey. See the four points located in the county on the electronic map.
89. ^ Wardius, K.; Wardius, B. (2013). Wisconsin Lighthouses: A Photographic and Historical Guide, Revised Edition. Wisconsin Historical Society Press. pp. 100–25. ISBN 978-0-87020-610-8. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
90. ^ Dunphy, Maureen (2016). "Washington Island, Wisconsin". Great Lakes Island Escapes. Wayne State University Press. p. 64.
91. ^ Bertrand, Gerard; Lang, Jean; Ross, John (January 1976). "Section 6.1: Early History". The Green Bay Watershed: Past/Present/Future. Technical report / University of Wisconsin--Madison Sea Grant Program ; no.29. University of Wisconsin Sea Grant College Program. p. 142\. Technical Report #229.
92. ^ "Chapter 2". City of Sturgeon Bay Comprehensive Plan Update (PDF). 2010. p. 2\. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
93. ^ "Meridian County Park". Door County Parks. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
94. ^ "Meridian County Park and Harter-Matter Sanctuary Map and trail guide" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
95. ^ "Chapter 8. Central Lake Michigan Coastal Ecological Landscape: Bedrock Geology" (PDF). The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 2015. p. J-5. PUB-SS-1131Q 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 28, 2010.
96. ^ Kasprzak, Candice M.; Walter, Mark A.; Stiegliz, Ronald D.; Trick, Joel A. (March 2001). An inventory and Assessment of the Resources of the Niagara Escarpment in Wisconsin (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. pp. 33–37. Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission Technical Report 77. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 2, 2021.
97. ^ Lower Silurian (Llandovery) Facies, Sequence Stratigraphy, and Porosity Patterns in the Door Peninsula, Wisconsin: An Outcrop View by Mark T. Harris and Kurt R. Waldhuetter, in The Silurian Dolomite Aquifer of the Door Peninsula: Facies, Sequence Stratigraphy, Porosity, and Hydrogeology: Field Trip Guidebook (Revised Version) for the 1996 Fall Field Conference of the Great Lakes Section of the SEPM, Green Bay, Wisconsin and Pre-meeting field trip for the 1997 Meeting of the North-Central Section of the GSA, Madison Wisconsin January 1998, pages 8-12 (pages 12-16 of the pdf)
98. ^ Deller, Howard; Stoelting, Paul (1986). "Wisconsin's Door Peninsula and Its Geomorphology" (PDF). The Wisconsin Geographer. Vol. 2\. p. 32.
99. ^ "Soil Survey of Door County, Wisconsin" (PDF). USDA SCS. December 1978. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
100. ^ Sinclair, William C. "Physiography and Relief". Reconnaissance of the Ground-Water Resources of Delta County, Michigan (PDF). Michigan Geological Survey. p. 11\. Progress Report 24.
101. ^ Region V (February 1983). Final Environmental Report, Middle Door County, Wisconsin Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Chicago: US Environmental Protection Agency. p. 6.
102. ^ Anderson, Craig; Epstein, Eric; Smith, William; Merryfield, Nicole (May 2002). The Niagara Escarpment: Inventory Findings 1999–2001 and Considerations for Management. Final Report (PDF). Natural Heritage Inventory Program Bureau of Endangered Resources Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. p. 32.
103. ^ a b "George Pinney County Park kiosk information" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 27, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
104. ^ Sherrill, M. G. (1978). Geology and Ground Water in Door County, Wisconsin, with Emphasis on Contamination Potential in the Silurian Dolomite (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Water-Supply Paper 2047. Locations of caves are shown on Plate 1.
105. ^ Waldinger, Joel (October 14, 2014). "Man Goes Deep to Explore, Preserve the Hidden Treasures of Door County's Caves". Wisconsin Life. PBS.
106. ^ STARR Partners (February 2013). "Appendix F, Kewaunee, Door, and Brown County, Section I.IV.i.7, Shoreline Information" (PDF). Discovery Report. Federal Emergency Management Agency Region V. Shoreline: pp. 18–19; Flood insurance: p. 30.
107. ^ Wisconsin Geology (Map). In the Layer List, "Landforms features (lines)" was selected to show the glacial landforms.
108. ^ Great Lakes Data Rescue Project - Lake Michigan Bathymetry. "Two Rivers Ridge and Door - Leelanau Ridge". National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service and Office of Oceanic & Atmospheric Research.
109. ^ a b c Before They're Gone by Roy Lukes, Wisconsin Natural Resources, May–June 1986, Volume 10, Number 3, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, page 8
110. ^ "Chapter 5". Town of Gardner 20 Year Comprehensive Plan (PDF). January 2010. p. 15 ). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
111. ^ Vandenhouten, Mike; Daubner, Dan; DeJardin, Galen; Delveaux, George Jr.; Gehm, Mary. "Chapter 2". Town of Brussels 2020 Comprehensive Plan (PDF). p. 30\. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
112. ^ "Central Lake Michigan Coastal ecological landscape: Red Hill Woods – Brussels Grassland" (PDF). Wisconsin Land Legacy Report. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 2006. p. 134\. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 28, 2010.
113. ^ "Get A Bird's Eye View of Wisconsin's Fall Color". Travel Wisconsin. September 21, 2017.
114. ^ Note that lake level changes from year to year. "Whitefish Dunes State Park Trail descriptions". Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
115. ^ Beyer, Debbie; Giguere, Shelby. Protect the Water You Drink (PDF) (Pamphlet). UW-Extension Basin Education Initiative and the Door County Soil and Water Conservation Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
116. ^ Erb, Kevin; Ronk, Eric; Koundinya, Vikram; Luczaj, John (2015). "Groundwater Quality Changes in a Karst Aquifer of Northeastern Wisconsin, USA: Reduction of Brown Water Incidence and Bacterial Contamination Resulting from Implementation of Regional Task Force Recommendations". Resources. 4 (3): 655–672. doi:10.3390/resources4030655.
117. ^ Web-Map of Door County, Wisconsin ... For All Seasons! (Map). Door County Land Information Office. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
118. ^ Groundwater Center. "Groundwater Quality Viewer". UW-Stevens Point College of Natural Resources.
119. ^ Photo of the monitoring station on p. 128 of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. "Air Monitoring Network Plan 2016 June 2015" (PDF). Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
120. ^ Hanna, Steven R.; Chang, Joseph C. (March 1995). "Relations between Meteorology and Ozone in the Lake Michigan Breeze". Journal of Applied Meteorology. Vol. 34\. p. 678\. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<0670:RBMAOI>2.0.CO;2.
121. ^ "EJSCREEN". Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
122. ^ "Map 6.1: General Soil Association" (PDF) (Map). Door County Comprehensive and Farmland Preservation Plan 2035. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
123. ^ "Chapter 6". Village of Ephraim Comprehensive Plan 2009 (PDF). p. 5\. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
124. ^ Schaetzl, Randall J.; Knapp, Bruce D.; Isard, Scott A. (2005). "Modeling Soil Temperatures and the Mesic-Frigid Boundary in the Central Great Lakes Region, 1951–2000" (PDF). Soil Science Society of America Journal. Vol. 69, no. 6\. pp. 2033–2040. doi:10.2136/sssaj2004.0349.
125. ^ Potter, Brian E.; Cate, Thomas W. (1999). A Climatology of Late-spring Freezes in the Northeastern United States (PDF). United States Forest Service. p. 2\. General Technical Report NC - 204. Also see maps on pp. 15 and 29.
126. ^ Town of Sevastopol Comprehensive Plan 2028, November 2008, Chapter 6, p. 7, p. 104 of the pdf
127. ^ Landings, Journal of the Door County Land Trust, Spring 2012, pp. 6–7
128. ^ A Data Compilation and Assessment of Coastal Wetlands of Wisconsin's Great Lakes, 2002 (See M-16. Shivering Sands Area on p. 37 of the document and p. 43 of the pdf)
129. ^ My first eighty years by Holand, Hjalmar Rued, 1957, Twayne Publishers, New York, p. 10 (p. 16 of the pdf)
130. ^ Old peninsula days; the making of an American community, Chapter 26, "The Peninsula's County Parks" by Holand, Hjalmar Rued, 8th revised edition, 1959, p. 242 and following (p. 254 and following of the pdf)
131. ^ Grutzmacher, Steve (September 4, 2015). "Door County's Original Historian: Hjalmar R. Holand". Door County Living.
132. ^ Lyttle, Bethany (September 11, 2008). "The Cape Cod of the Midwest". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 22, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2008.
133. ^ Rebecca L. Schewe; Donald R. Field; Deborah J. Frosch; Gregory Clendenning; Dana Jensen (May 15, 2012). Condos in the Woods: The Growth of Seasonal and Retirement Homes in Northern Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 22–. ISBN 978-0-299-28533-3.
134. ^ a b Slattery, Sally (July 1, 2014). "Door County's Islands". Door County Living.
135. ^ Federal lawmakers have spent billions in the wake of the pandemic to get Americans high-speed internet. And they want to spend much more. by Sarah Ewall-Wice, CBS News May 21, 2021
136. ^ Article posted Thursday, March 6, 2014 10:36am by Jim Lundstrom, Peninsula Pulse, March 6, 2014
137. ^ "Payment of State Aid to Municipalities for the payment year of 2005" (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
138. ^ Hunting & Trapping Map Grand Traverse Island State Park, Wisconsin DNR PUB PR-2090, Rev. November 9, 2014 (Archived July 19, 2021)
139. ^ a b Wisconsin DNR. "Door". State natural areas by county. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
140. ^ Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge Hunt, Fish & Public Use Regulations 2021-2022, USFWS (Archived February 23, 2022)
141. ^ Door County Parks, Door County Facilities and Parks Department
142. ^ Park facilities, City of Sturgeon Bay
143. ^ "Far From the Madding Crowd: Liberty Grove Town Parks". Door County Pulse. August 20, 2015.
144. ^ Camp Zion listing in the CCCA campgrounds directory, accessed December 10, 2019
145. ^ Ice Age Trail Guidebook 2014, Points of interest: Cardy Paleo-Indian Camp Archaeological Site, p. 353 (p. 6 of the pdf)
146. ^ Life During The End Of The Ice Age: The Cardy site could inform archaeologists about how humans dealt with a challenging environment. Archived February 23, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, American Archaeology Vol. 14, No. 3, Fall 2010
147. ^ "Explore Our Preserves". Archived from the original on October 9, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
148. ^ Lands enrolled in the tax program are shown on the DNR Private Forest Lands Open for Public Recreation interactive map and Managed Forest Law 2019 Acreage Summary Report by Municipality by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, February 25, 2019, p. 17
149. ^ Map of Door County Beaches on Lake Michigan and Wisconsin's Great Lake Public Access Guide, electronic map
150. ^ Bicycle and other silent sports map 2016, Door County Visitor Bureau
151. ^ Lyttle, Bethany (September 11, 2008). "The Cape Cod of the Midwest". The New York Times. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
152. ^ Wisconsin Beach Advisories on the Wisconsin Beach Health website; counties are located in the dropdown menu
153. ^ See map at bottom of "Door County, Wisconsin, - Sperling's BestPlaces". Bestplaces.net. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
154. ^ 2012 Wisconsin Boating Program Report, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Law Enforcement Pub-LE-314-2012
155. ^ Boating Pressure on Wisconsin's Lakes and Rivers: Results of the 1989–1990 Wisconsin Recreational Boating Study, Phase 1, 1991, Technical Bulletin No. 174 Department of Natural Resources: Madison, Wisconsin
156. ^ Jon Gast: It's safe to say Sturgeon Bay's Sikaflex 'boat' race is like no other by Jon Gast, Green Bay Press Gazette, August 7, 2018
157. ^ a b A Guide to Significant Wildlife Habitat and Natural Areas Of Door County, Wisconsin, March 2003, by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Sturgeon Bay Service Center, p. 128, p. 52, p. 23, p. 127 and pp. 52, 83, 85, and 99 (note: pagination in the pdf is one page past the numerical pagination)
158. ^ Kim Russo (July 6, 2017). "Both Sides of Lake Michigan". blogtalkradio.com (Podcast). Great Loop Radio., at 10:36 there is a discussion of Sister Bay, at 13:04 there is a discussion of anchorages off of Door County, at 14:00 there is a discussion of Fish Creek, and at 16:50 there is a discussion of fish boils. Door County is part of the Lake Michigan Segment on the Great Loop Map, America's Great Loop Cruisers' Association, Accessed March 2, 2022
159. ^ Sturgeon Bay (#405), YouTube, Around the Corner with John McGivern, February 4, 2015, Milwaukee PBS (Archived January 4, 2016) and Sailing Classes - Info and Schedules, Sail Training Foundation website, Accessed December 31, 2019
160. ^ Marine Recreational Uses of Green Bay: A Survey of Human Behavior and Attitude Patterns of High School Juniors and Seniors. by RB Ditton and PK Johnsen, UW-Wisconsin Sea Grant Program, February 1974, p. 29 (p. 36 of the pdf)
161. ^ Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (November 27, 2009). "Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030: Chapter 4, Agricultural and Natural Resources; p. 20 of the pdf, Tables 4.15 and 4.16" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2019.; for the 26th lake, see Flora and Vegetation of the Grand Traverse Islands (Lake Michigan), Wisconsin and Michigan by Emmet J. Judziewicz, The Michigan Botanist, Volume 40, Number 4, October 2001, page 127
162. ^ Flood Insurance Study: Door County, Wisconsin Unincorporated Areas, U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development Federal Insurance Administration, June 1977, page 2
163. ^ Environmental impact statement for the proposed development and management of Newport State Park, Door County, Wisconsin, by the Wisconsin Bureau of Parks and Recreation, by C. D. Besadny, Director, Bureau of Environmental Impact, September 1974, Appendix V: Economic Profile, Door County, section on Outdoor Recreation Highlights, page 48
164. ^ Wetland Fact Sheet Door County, WI by the Wisconsin Wetlands Association, April 2016, page 1
165. ^ United States designates its 37th Ramsar Site, April 27, 2015, United States of America; for a map of the wetlands see Figure 2-28. Door Peninsula Coastal Wetlands Ramsar Site map by the Door County Planning Department, May 2014 in the July 9, 2020 Land Conservation Committee Agenda, page 83
166. ^ Document RIS 2218: Door Peninsula Coastal Wetlands, Ramsar Information Service, March 25, 2015, also see Door Peninsula Coastal Wetlands in the Ramsar Sites Information Service
167. ^ "Figure 9: Door County Lakes and Ponds, pages 32–39 (pages 36–43 of the pdf); Rodgers lake is covered on page 23 (page 27 of the pdf)" (PDF). Surface Water Inventory of Door County. Door County Soil and Water Conservation Department. June 27, 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2019. and Find A Lake database, Wisconsin DNR; areas of public ownership or DNR Managed Forest Land are shown on the Door County Web Map
168. ^ Mud Lake (No. 125), Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, January 31, 2020
169. ^ a b Big and Little Marsh (No. 391), Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, January 31, 2020
170. ^ Managed Forest Land Map 14-005-2006, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
171. ^ Hike This: Judy Abner Meissner Memorial Wetlands Preserve by Sara Rae Lancaster, Peninsula Pulse, June 4, 2021
172. ^ Coffey Swamp (No. 276), Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, January 31, 2020
173. ^ High Quality Forest Protected at Gibraltar-Ephraim Swamp, Door County Land Trust, September 21, 2021
174. ^ Door County Trout Map, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, January 6, 2017, and the discussion of Wisconsin Statute 30.134 on page 13 (page 26 of the pdf) of Wisconsin Water Law: A Guide to Water Rights and Regulations, by Paul G. Kent and Tamara A. Dudiak, University of Wisconsin–Extension and Cooperative Extension University for the University of Wisconsin Stevens–Point, 2001
175. ^ Gardner Swamp Wildlife Area, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and Gardner Wildlife Area Conceptual Master Plan by Charles E. Higgs, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, May 27, 1980
176. ^ Gardner 2014 Public Access inventory in the Town of Gardner Open Space and Recreation Plan, October 17, 2014, page 8 and pages 21–23
177. ^ Managed Forest Land Map 15-224-1998, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
178. ^ Recent Purchase Protects Centerpiece Parcel at DCLT's Kellner Fen Nature Preserve, October 26, 2010, and Kellner Fen Natural Area Hunting Map, Door County Land Trust, 2018 (Archived July 21, 2021); description of the Fen is included at Wisconsin State Natural Areas Program Cave Point-Clay Banks (No. 559) overview section, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
179. ^ Maplewood Swamp and the Ahnapee Trail, Ice Age Trail Interactive Hiker Resource Map
180. ^ Stony Creek Swamp and the Ahnapee Trail, Ice Age Trail Interactive Hiker Resource Map
181. ^ The Ridges Sanctuary (No. 17), Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, January 31, 2020
182. ^ "Orchid Restoration Work at The Ridges". Door County Pulse. January 20, 2017.
183. ^ Jones, Gary (September 16, 2009). "Door County's Potato Genebank". Door County Pulse. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
184. ^ The Garden Door Fact Sheet by the Door County Master Gardeners Association, Accessed December 18, 2019
185. ^ Johnson, Wendel J. (1978). "Small mammals of the Toft Point scientific area, Door County, Wisconsin: a preliminary survey". The State of Wisconsin Collection. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
186. ^ Melinda Kleinedler (March 2017). "Newport State Park Mammals Checklist" (PDF). Newport Wilderness Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
187. ^ Col. James M. Miller (October 1974). "Draft Environmental Statement for the Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Canal, Wisconsin". U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
188. ^ a b Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed Acquisition, Development and Management of Grand Traverse Islands State Park, Door County Wisconsin by the Bureau of Environmental Impact, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, June 1978, page 95, (continued) Animals of the Grand Traverse Islands
189. ^ Monitoring long-term trends in Wisconsin frog and toad populations, chapter 21 in Status and Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians ed. Mossman, M. J. chapter by M. J. Mossman, L. M. Hartman, R. Hay, J. R. Sauer, and B. J. Dhuey, University of Iowa Press, 1998, pages 169–198, county level species distribution maps are found on pp. 185–186, (pp. 16–18 of the pdf)
190. ^ Dreux J. Watermolen (December 1992). "page 6 of the pdf, Amphibians and Reptiles of the Potawatomi State Park Area with Notes on Other Door County Localities" (PDF). Chicago Herpetological Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
191. ^ Chambers Island Wetland Complex, Fish and Wildlife Resources of the Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands within the United States, Volume 5: Lake Michigan, Part 2, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 1981, pages 818–819
192. ^ The Effect of Covid-19 on Bat Research in Wisconsin; Coughing Tiger Hidden Dragon by Nicole Dahlman, Kayla Guenther, and Chris Yahnke, UW-Stevens Point, 2020
193. ^ Feeding Flights of Breeding Double-Crested Cormorant at Two Wisconsin Colonies by Thomas W. Custer and Christine Bunck, J. Field Ornithology 63(2), pages 203–211
194. ^ Tales of the wild: a year with nature by Roy Lukes, (entry on worldcat.org) Egg Harbor, Wisconsin: Nature-Wise, 2000, p. 73
195. ^ Door County Soil and Water Conservation Department (June 27, 1999). "Figure 11 General Distribution of Rare Species and Habitats in Door County, p. 62 of the pdf" (PDF). Surface Water Inventory of Door County. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
196. ^ Nick Anich (October 2, 2018). "Season 4 Preliminary Results and Stats". UWGB Cofrin Center for Biodiversity. Retrieved January 22, 2019. and "Wisconsin Breeding Bird Atlas". Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
197. ^ Wisconsin Bald Eagle and Osprey Nest Surveys 2019, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, pages 4 and 7 (Archived February 8, 2020)
198. ^ Wisconsin Bald Eagle and Osprey Nest Surveys 2013, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, pages 4 and 7
199. ^ Spring Migration Study: Garden Peninsula Wind Energy Project Delta County, Michigan by John Guarnaccia and Paul Kerlinger, September 2008 (Archived June 27, 2021)
200. ^ Reverse migration of Juvenile Broad-winged hawks by Robert Demars, The Passenger Pigeon 63(4), 2001, pp. 301–304, (pp. 3–6 of the pdf)
201. ^ The Herring Gulls of Hat Island, Wisconsin by Murl Deusing, The Wilson Bulletin, September 1939 Vol. 51, No. 3
202. ^ Door to Nature column by Roy and Charlotte Lukes, June 12, 2008
203. ^ Nest Parasitism by Red-Breasted Mergansers in Wisconsin by Henry W. Pelzl, The Auk 88(1), January 1, 1971, pp. 184–185
204. ^ See Lasioglossum sagax (article in Swedish), Bees of Wisconsin (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) by A. T. Wolf, J. S. Ascher, Great Lakes Entomologist, 2009, p. 153
205. ^ Stelis labiata, F, Side, NC, Moore County, usgs.gov, picture taken December 17, 2019
206. ^ Bees of Wisconsin (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) by A. T. Wolf, J. S. Ascher, Great Lakes Entomologist, 2009, page 156
207. ^ Horseshoe Bay Cave Update (cont'd) Echolocator, January 2015, p. 12
208. ^ Rapid Inventory & Assessment of Horseshoe Bay Cave by Redell, Jennifer and Schuster, William, sections "Conclusions from the invertebrate inventory" and "Invertebrate fauna of Horseshoe Bay Cave, Door County, Wisconsin, with notes on habitats and management recommendations" by Taylor, Steven J. and Soto-Adames, Felipe, pp. 71, 197, 220, and 264, also see the Horseshoe Bay Cave presentation, 2014
209. ^ Preliminary Survey of the Terrestrial Isopods (Isopoda), Millipedes (Diplopoda), Harvestmen (Opiliones), and Spiders (Araneae) of Toft Point Natural Area, Door County, Wisconsin by Bruce A. Snyder, Michael L. Draney, John L. Kaspar, and Joel Whitehouse, October 2004, The Great Lakes Entomologist 37(3–4), pp. 105ff.
210. ^ Wisconsin's Top 10 Trends Of 2017 For Insects (And Other Pests) Reports Of Familiar And Invasive Species Points To 2018 Possibilities by PJ Liesch, UW-Extension April 26, 2018
211. ^ Eeek! Spiders so big you will 'freak' by Scott Cooper Williams, Green Bay Press-Gazette, August 22, 2014
212. ^ "Hines Dragonfly". Hinesdragonfly.org. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2007.
213. ^ Nature Underfoot - Celebrating Crabgrass, Silverfish, Fruit Flies, and Dandelions by John Hainze, Yale University Press, 2020, page 117
214. ^ Contrasting Ozark and Great Lakes populations in the endangered Hines emerald dragonfly (Somatochlora hineana) using ecological, genetic, and phylogeographic analyses by Jane Walker, Meredith Mahoney, Alan R. Templeton, Paul McKenzie, Timothy E. Vogt, Everett D. Cashatt, Joseph Smentowski, Richard Day, Robert Gillespie, Bruce Henry, James Wiker, Stanton Braude, and Brett Landwer, Conservation Science and Practice, December 11, 2019; for the locations see Table S4, page 5
215. ^ Scholtens, Brian G.; Reznik, Joseph; Holland, Janet (2005). "Factors affecting the distribution of the threatened Lake Huron locust, (Orthoptera: Acrididae)]" (PDF). Journal of Orthoptera Research. Vol. 14, no. 1\. p. 47\. doi:10.1665/1082-6467(2005)14[45:FATDOT]2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2020.
216. ^ Nekola, Jeffrey C. (2003). "Terrestrial gastropod fauna of Northeastern Wisconsin and the Southern Upper Peninsula of Michigan" (PDF). American Malacological Bulletin. Vol. 18, no. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2020.
217. ^ Berlocher, Stewart H.; Feder, Jeffrey L. (2009). "The Evolution of Key Tree-Fruit Pests: Classical Cases" (PDF). Biorational tree fruit pest management. CAB international. pp. 32–.
218. ^ Muzzall, Patrick M.; Whelan, Gary (February 2011). Parasites of Fish from the Great Lakes: A Synopsis and Review of the Literature, 1871–2010 (PDF). Great Lakes Fishery Commission Miscellaneous Publication 2011-01.
219. ^ Kaster, Jerry L.; Groff, Christopher M.; Klump, J. Val; Rupp, Danielle L.; Iyer, Suneil; Hansen, Ashely; Barbour, Samantha; Hall, Louisa (2018). "Evaluation of lower Green Bay benthic fauna with emphasis on re-ecesis of Hexagenia mayfly nymphs" (PDF). Journal of Great Lakes Research. Vol. 44, no. 5\. p. 14\. doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2018.06.006.
220. ^ Vitt, Pati; Havens, Kayri; Jolls, Claudia L.; Knight, Tiffany M. (February 2020). "Temporal variation in the roles of exotic and native plant species in plant–pollinator networks". Ecosphere. Vol. 11, no. 2\. doi:10.1002/ecs2.2981.
221. ^ "Alderman Turns Limnologist, Solves Mystery of the Week". Door County Advocate. Vol. 88, no. 44\. August 25, 1949. p. 1. also see "Bryozoan Summary" (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
222. ^ Nelson, Jackie. "Door County Syrup: It Depends". Door County Visitor's Bureau. Retrieved September 7, 2019. and Bloechl, Alyssa (April 1, 2016). "The sweet taste of Door County maple syrup". Green Bay Press-Gazette.
223. ^ NASS Quick Stats, 1997–2017
224. ^ Herlache, John L. (2018). "History of Little Lake, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin" (PDF). Rotary Club of Sturgeon Bay. p. 5.
225. ^ Goodyear, Carole D.; Edsall, Thomas A.; Ormsby Dempsey, Diane M.; Moss, G. David; Polanski, Paul E. (1982). Atlas of the Spawning and Nursery Areas of Great Lakes Fishes (PDF). Vol. IV. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. p. 155\. FNS/0BS-82/52.
226. ^ "Spearing, Netting, and Bait Harvest Regulations 2020–2021" (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. p. 13.
227. ^ Door County Visitor's Bureau (2017). "Door County Spring Information" (PDF). Door County Visitor's Bureau. p. 1\. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 13, 2017.
228. ^ a b Wisconsin Record Fish List, January 2021, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (The records are current as of January 2021.)
229. ^ Parr, Jackson (May 2, 2016). "Shortcut to Door County's Mushrooms". Door County Living.
230. ^ Peterson, Eric (May 19, 2016). "Morel mushroom hunt in Door County". Green Bay, Wisconsin: WLUK-TV.
231. ^ USDA NASS Quick Stats data for mushrooms, 2017
232. ^ USDA NASS Quick Stats data for strawberries, 2007–2017
233. ^ USDA NASS Quick Stats data for fresh cut herbs, 1997–2017
234. ^ Chandler, Kurt (June 30, 2017). "Scandinavian heritage, quirky charm await on winsome Washington Island". Chicago Tribune.
235. ^ Waldinger, Joel (October 13, 2016). "The Largest Lavender Farm In The Midwest Calls Washington Island Home". Wisconsin Life. PBS.
236. ^ Baileys Harbor's Blessing of the Fleet June 1 by Door County Pulse, Peninsula Pulse – May 29, 2019, accessed December 11, 2019.
237. ^ Paulson, Walter Ernest (June 26, 1923). The Marketing of Door County Cherries (Ph.D. thesis). University of Wisconsin. p. 13 - via Google Books.
238. ^ "Apple & Cherry Orchards: Door County Wisconsin". Archived from the original on October 6, 2008.
239. ^ "Door County: Beauty you can taste". Archived from the original on December 7, 2014. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
240. ^ Mariah Goode (September 1, 2008). "Agriculture in Door County". Door County Living. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
241. ^ The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State by Harva Hachten and Terese Allen, Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, Second edition, 2009, p. 111.
242. ^ 1964 U.S Census of Agriculture, Volume 1, Part 14: Wisconsin, County Tables, Table 13: Acreage, Quantity, and Sales of Crops Harvested: 1964 and 1959
243. ^ Bearing Fruit: The Fight For The FDA's Food Safety Reforms by Shelley A. Hearne, Health Affairs, November 2015
244. ^ Jay Jones (April 1, 2015). "Cherries are always in season for Door County". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 22, 2018. See also Varietal and Developmental Susceptibility of Tart Cherry (Rosales: Rosaceae) to Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) by Matthew T Kamiyama, Christelle Guédot, Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 112, Issue 4, August 2019, pp. 1789–1797
245. ^ Cherry industry at odds over restricted crop rules by Jennifer Kiel, July 22, 2019, farmprogress.com/
246. ^ USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for tart and sweet cherries
247. ^ Door County Outdoors: A Guide to the Best Hiking, Biking, Paddling, Beaches, and Natural Places by Magill Weber, Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011, page 22 and Blinking beetles: Fireflies get glowing reviews from their fans but remain mysterious by Amanda Laurenzi, DNR Magazine, August 2013
248. ^ USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for apples
249. ^ USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for pears, 2002–2017
250. ^ USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for plums, 2017
251. ^ USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for apricots, 2007–2017
252. ^ Current state of cold hardiness research on fruit crops by Pauliina Palonen and Deborah Buszard, Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77(3) December 1996
253. ^ USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for peaches, 2002–2012
254. ^ USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for grapes, 2017–2002 data
255. ^ "Establishment of the Wisconsin Ledge Viticultural Area" (77 FR 16674 27 CFR 9 Doc#: 2012-6927). Federal Register. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. March 22, 2012. pp. 16674–16676.
256. ^ WI DNR Harvest Trends database, accessed April 4, 2022
257. ^ Door County Forest Regeneration 2020 CDAC Report, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources - Forestry Division, December 8, 2020, page 7
258. ^ Fall Aerial Tour video, July 15, 2011, Explore The Door, Door County Visitor Bureau
259. ^ Explore Like a Local: Sledding in Big Hill Park by the Sturgeon Bay Visitor Center, Accessed December 30, 2019
260. ^ Play: Sledding Hill, Village of Sister Bay, Archived July 10, 2019
261. ^ Winter Use Map: Peninsula State Park, Wisconsin DNR, peninsulafriends.org January 2015 and Door County is a winter wonderland for families by Amy Carr, Time Out Chicago, November 21, 2011
262. ^ Potawatomi State Park: Activities and recreation, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, April 2, 2018 (Archived January 30, 2019)
263. ^ 3 summer resort towns in Wisconsin worth visiting in winter by Chelsey Lewis, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, February 21, 2019
264. ^ "at least seven plowed sites"–Great Wisconsin Winter Weekends by Candice Gaukel Andrews, Madison, Wisconsin: Trails Books, 2006, p. 64
265. ^ Door County Ice Rinks, Door County Tourism bureau website, accessed September 10, 2019
266. ^ Door County Pond Hockey Tournament, doorcountypondhockey.com, Accessed February 6, 2020
267. ^ Snowmobile Trail Conditions by the Door County Parks System
268. ^ Winter Fleet early arrivals in Sturgeon Bay by Eric Peterson, FOX 11, December 17, 2018
269. ^ Growing Trees For Seasonal Holiday Is A Year-Round Job by Zac Schultz, December 15, 2017, Wisconsin Life, PBS
270. ^ 7 Fun Places to Cut Your Own Christmas Tree in Northeast Wisconsin by November 26, 2013, BY Ashley Steinbrinck, whoonew.com
271. ^ USDA NASS Quick Stats database results for Christmas trees, 1997–2017
272. ^ This is defined as one inch of snow or more on the ground at 6 am Christmas morning, from 1984–2014. El Niño: White Christmas Unlikely by Jim Lundstrom, Peninsula Pulse, December 23, 2015
273. ^ Light List, Volume VII: Great Lakes, United States Coast Guard, 33 of the lights are listed from pages 187–191 (pages 243–247 of the pdf); 17 of them are listed from pages 195–198 (pages 251–254 of the pdf), 2022
274. ^ Keeper Of The Light: A Modern Lighthouse Keeper by Patty Murray, September 25, 2017 Wisconsin Originals, PBS
275. ^ Women Learn Life Skills While Preserving Maritime Landmarks by Joel Waldinger, October 15, 2015, Wisconsin Life, PBS
276. ^ a b More Door County Lighthouses Archived May 7, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Door County Maritime Museum and Wisconsin Coastal Lighthouses Tour electronic map, Wisconsin Coastal Management Program
277. ^ Boyer Bluff (Wisconsin), United States Lighthouse Society
278. ^ Maritime Trail video, July 15, 2011, Explore the Door, Door County Visitor Bureau and also see the Maritime trail markers for Door County listed by the Maritime Preservation Program of the Wisconsin Historical Society
279. ^ Official List of Wisconsin's State Historic Markers by the Wisconsin Historical Society, June, 2019, and Wisconsin Historical Marker, electronic map, Wisconsin Historical Society
280. ^ "Shipwrecks - Upper Lake Michigan - WI Shipwrecks". www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org.
281. ^ Photos: The Deadly Great Lakes 'Hurricane' of 1913 by Stephanie Lecci & Mitch Teich, November 7, 2013, WUWM 89.7 Milwaukee's NPR
282. ^ Guide to Door County Shore Dives by Chuck Larsen and Wisconsin's Door County Full of Treasures for Scuba Divers by Brian E. Clark, July 7, 2012, updated November 9, 2015, Twin Cities Pioneer Press
283. ^ Around the Shores of Lake Michigan: A Guide to Historic Sites by Margaret Beattie Bogue, University of Wisconsin Press, 1985, page 220
284. ^ Goode, Mariah (November 15, 2005). "Stovewood: Pioneer Construction". Door County Living.
285. ^ Perrin, Richard W. E. (1963). "Wisconsin 'Stovewood' Walls: Ingenious Forms of Early Log Construction". The Wisconsin Magazine of History. Vol. 46, no. 3\. pp. 217–219. JSTOR 4633852.
286. ^ Localizing Linkages for Food and Tourism: Culinary Tourism as a Community Development Strategy Gary Paul Green and Michael L. Dougherty COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: Journal of the Community Development Society, Vol. 39, No. 3 and Local Food Tourism Networks and Word of Mouth by Michael L. Dougherty and Gary Paul Green, April 2011 Volume 49 Number 2 Article Number 2FEA5, Journal of Extension and 2017 Door County Local Producers Guide, UW-Extension, January 2017 and Apple & Cherry Orchards and Farm Markets of Door County 2020, Door County Visitor Bureau
287. ^ Savory Spoon Cooking School video, YouTube, Explore the Door, July 15, 2011, Door County Visitor Bureau, also see The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State by Harva Hachten and Terese Allen, Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, Second edition, 2009, p. 138, and Private Hands On Cooking Classes at Eagle Harbor Inn with Chef Terri Milligan, April 23, 2013, Door County Chefs website
288. ^ The Ephraim Cook Book, compiled by the Ladies' Aid Society of the Moravian Church at Ephraim, Wisconsin, 1921, p. 126 (p. 134 of the pdf)
289. ^ Guth, Gina (August 1, 2018). "Southern Door's Dessert: The Belgian Pie". Door County Living.
290. ^ "Belgian pie entry in the Dictionary of American Regional English". Quarterly Update 4. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Spring 2016.
291. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Immanuel Cookbook: from members and friends of Immanuel Lutheran Church, Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin. Compiled by Immanuel Luther League, Printed by On Time Publishing, Sister Bay, Wisconsin, 1996, pp. 174, 193, 199, 41, 161, 187, 183, 7, and 125
292. ^ Coming Home to Door by the Door County Literary Guild, Wisconsin Rapids: Home Brew Press, 1998, page 129
293. ^ The Gift to Be Simple bread book : --a Door County journey with recipes (worldcat entry) by Carol Hoehn and Bill Hoehn, Fish Creek, Wisconsin: Dancing Bears' Press, 1995, p. 53, recipe is titled "Door County Mai Tai alias Rhubarb Juice Cocktail," variations given are plain, with ice, with lemon-lime soda, and with alcohol
294. ^ a b The Gift to Be Simple bread book : --a Door County journey with recipes (worldcat entry) by Carol Hoehn and Bill Hoehn, Fish Creek, Wisconsin: Dancing Bears' Press, 1995, pp. 33 and 35
295. ^ Northern Door County (#213), PBS, Around the Corner with John McGivern, April 11, 2013, Milwaukee PBS
296. ^ Mango, W.P. (1994). Grandma's Home Kitchen: Where Lessons and Life Were Mixed with Love : Family Recipes & Traditions of Grandma's Swedish Bakery, Door County. Wan'a Press. p. 40\. ISBN 978-0-942495-38-6.
297. ^ The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State by Harva Hachten and Terese Allen, Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, Second edition, 2009, p. 205
298. ^ a b c Door County's Quiet Side (#811), YouTube, Around the Corner with John McGivern, March 21, 2019, Milwaukee PBS (Archived April 30, 2019), also on Vimeo
299. ^ The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State by Harva Hachten and Terese Allen, Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, Second edition, 2009, p. 111
300. ^ Abelskiver and Community on Washington Island by Heidi Hodges, February 18, 2015, Wisconsin Life, PBS
301. ^ Recipe for Icelandic pancakes in The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State by Harva Hachten and Terese Allen, Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, Second edition, 2009, p. 192
302. ^ The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State by Harva Hachten and Terese Allen, Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, Second edition, 2009, p. 191
303. ^ Underwater & Underground, Henriksen Fisheries & Door County Underground, Wisconsin Foodie, February 7, 2019
304. ^ The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State by Harva Hachten and Terese Allen, Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, Second edition, 2009, p. 330
305. ^ Baked pears with cheese, YouTube, April 29, 2013, Renard's Cheese
306. ^ Cheese Curds: A Wisconsin Delicacy by Brittany Jordt, Door County Living, November 15, 2012, and Take a Cheese Tour of Door County, Wisconsin by the Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board, Cheese Talk, July 13, 2017
307. ^ The Lake Michigan Cottage Cookbook, by Amelia Levin, North Adams, Massachusetts: Storey Publishing, 2018, pp. 16–17
308. ^ The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State by Harva Hachten and Terese Allen, Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, Second edition, 2009, p. 196
309. ^ The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State by Harva Hachten and Terese Allen, Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, Second edition, 2009, pp. 85–86
310. ^ Booyah, a hearty Belgian soup-stew, is revered tradition in Green Bay by Molly Bergin, September 25, 2018, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
311. ^ The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State by Harva Hachten and Terese Allen, Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, Second edition, 2009, p. 206
312. ^ a b Brussels Countryside Diner entry, travelwisconsin.com, accessed December 10, 2019
313. ^ Cruising Green Bay in "Explore the Door," October 15, 2014 Lakeland boating: Voice of the Great Lakes
314. ^ The Björklunden stave church is called Boynton Chapel and it is just south of Baileys Harbor. The Washington Island Stavkirke is part of and adjacent to Trinity Lutheran Church on Washington Island.
315. ^ Whisked Away to Rock Island by Benson Gardner, Portal Wisconsin, 2010; the page links to a panoramic tour of the boathouse
316. ^ In The Upper Midwest, Summertime Means Fish Boils by Amanda Vinicky, The Salt, section on npr.org, August 18, 2015; also see Joy Marquardt. "Fish boils serve up food, fun". Wausau Daily Herald, August 31, 2016.
317. ^ Sagamité and Booya: French Influence in Defining Great Lakes Culinary Heritage by Janet C. Gilmore in Material History Review 60 (Fall 2004) and "Pretty Hungry For Fish": Fish Foodways Among Commercial Fishing People of the Western Shore of Lake Michigan's Green Bay by Janet C. Gilmore, in Midwestern folklore. v.28–29 2002–2003, p. 46 (page 158 of the pdf)
318. ^ Wisconsin Life # 701: Headfirst, October 3, 2019, hosted by Angela Fitzgerald, PBS
319. ^ Duct Tape Guys Tour Palmer Johnson Yacht Company, Ultimate Originals television show pilot
320. ^ Public offered rare opportunity to tour Sturgeon Bay shipyards, Staff Report, April 25, 2019, Door County Advocate
321. ^ Industrial Park Opens for Manufacturing Days by Jim Lundstrom, Peninsula Pulse, October 13, 2017
322. ^ Sturgeon Bay's Gantry Crane, accessed December 11, 2019
323. ^ Renard's Cheese, YouTube, Explore the Door, January 28, 2015, Door County Visitor Bureau
324. ^ Textile Artists’ Work And Lives Intertwined by Joe Astrouski, February 4, 2014, Wisconsin Life, PBS
325. ^ Venezuelan Artist Now Lives in Door County, Paints Scenes by Zac Schultz, April 16, 2018, Wisconsin Life, PBS
326. ^ Door County Woman Is Known As "Egg Lady Of Egg Harbor" by Zac Schultz, February 25, 2014, Wisconsin Life, PBS
327. ^ Small Towns: The art of blacksmithing in Door County, NBC 26, Small Towns series, August 29, 2017
328. ^ Holiday Music Motel by Todd Witter, June 11, 2010, Wisconsin Life, PBS
329. ^ Cellist Turns Classics Into Bluegrass Music by Zac Schultz, November 17, 2016, Wisconsin Life, PBS
330. ^ Ephraim by the Ephraim Historical Foundation, Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2008, p. 8
331. ^ Barn Quilts of Door County Location Guide, by the UW-Extension and 4-H program, 2014; for pictures see Door County Barn Quilts by the University of Wisconsin–Extension and 4-H, (Archived April 6, 2012)
332. ^ Town of Sturgeon Bay Comprehensive Plan 2030, 2012
333. ^ Sturgeon Bay Team Plays Hockey Under Water by Joe Astrouski February 25, 2014, Wisconsin Life, PBS
334. ^ The Hill Raceway scales back to reinvent its local short-track success Mike Shaw, May 18, 2018, Green Bay Press-Gazette
335. ^ "About the Door County Destroyers". HomeTeamsONLINE.
336. ^ Door County Baseball League as popular as ever by Jonathan Bregman, Door County Daily News, June 2019, accessed December 13, 2019.
337. ^ a b Social Capital Variables Spreadsheet for 2014, PennState College of Agricultural Sciences, Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development
338. ^ Facts & Figures 20 by the Wisconsin Division of Motor Vehicles, p. 93 (p. 97 of the pdf) and Facts & Figures 2008 by the Wisconsin Division of Motor Vehicles, p. 110 (p. 129 of the pdf)
339. ^ Celebrating the Cow…and Music by Door County Pulse, Peninsula Pulse, July 15, 2015
340. ^ Wisconsin Motorcycle Memorial supporters, Accessed, March 2, 2022
341. ^ FAA Registry State Entered: WISCONSIN County Entered: DOOR, database accessed October 27, 2021.
342. ^ FAA Registry State Entered: WISCONSIN County Entered: DOOR, database accessed September 23, 2019.
343. ^ Door County's Aviation History: Coming! Coming! A Flying Circus! by Jackson Parr and Sean Zak, Door County Living, July 30, 2018
344. ^ Shields, Martin; Deller, Steven C. (October 1996). "Clustering Wisconsin Counties for Analytical Comparisons". pp. 11 and 16. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.46.6962. CCED Staff Paper 96.7.
345. ^ "CAGDP2: GDP in Current Dollars by County and MSA". Regional Economic Accounts. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2020.
346. ^ a b c Door Co. (PDF) (Map). 1:100,000. Madison: Wisconsin Department of Transportation. January 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
347. ^ 2007 Annual Reports. Door County Board of Supervisors. p. 28\. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009.
348. ^ "Winter facts". Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
349. ^ 2013 Annual Reports (PDF). Door County Board of Supervisors. p. 30\. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2014.
350. ^ a b "Road Mileage and Annual VMT in Wisconsin" (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. 2021.
351. ^ a b Division of State Patrol Bureau of Transportation Safety and Technical Services (2021). Anatomy of Door County A Traffic Safety Summary. Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
352. ^ a b c Anatomy of Door County: A Traffic Safety Summary (PDF). Wisconsin Traffic Operations and Safety Laboratory. p. 3, fig. 1: Traffic Volume on the State Trunk Network Door County, WI; p. 15, fig. 13: Door County Fatalities and Serious Injuries (2014–2017) with Map of Hospitals.
353. ^ Door County Coastal Byway Map (PDF) (Map). Door County Visitor Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 5, 2016.
354. ^ Peterson, Eric (June 17, 2021). "Door County Dedicates National Scenic Byway Designation". Green Bay: WLUK-TV.
355. ^ Rustic Roads Guide (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. 2018.
356. ^ "Heritage Road Information". Town of Liberty Grove. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
357. ^ a b c County of Door 2020 Annual Reports. pp. 17, 18, 32, 50.
358. ^ Map of Snowmobile Trails in Door County (PDF) (Map).
359. ^ Snowmobile Trails Tour. Explore the Door. Door County Visitor Bureau. July 15, 2011 - via YouTube.
360. ^ "Door County Winter Snow Report".
361. ^ "Wisconsin Snow Report".
362. ^ Ice Age National Scenic Trail Hiker Resource Map (Map). and Door County (South) Wisconsin Bicycle Map by the Wisconsin Bike Fed and the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, 2020
363. ^ Wisconsin Bike Fed (2020). Door County (North) Wisconsin Bicycle Map (PDF) (Map). Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
364. ^ Wisconsin Bike Fed (2020). Door County (South) Wisconsin Bicycle Map (PDF) (Map). Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
365. ^ "Lake Michigan Circle Tour". Great Lakes Circle Tour.
366. ^ Green Tier Legacy Community 2018 Annual Report (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. p. 4\. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2021.
367. ^ URS Corporation (July 2007). Feasibility Study for Remote Control of Movable Bridges in Sturgeon Bay (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. p. 2\. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2022.
368. ^ "Oregon Street Bridge". BridgeReports.com.
369. ^ "Bayview Bridge". BridgeReports.com.
370. ^ a b "Chapter 7: Transportation" (PDF). Door County Comprehensive Plan, 2030. Vol. II, Resource Report. October 27, 2009. p. 176, Table 7.6: Transportation Service Providers, Door County. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 10, 2019.
371. ^ "Bus to Wisconsin". Jefferson Lines. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
372. ^ Door County Transportation Resource Guide (PDF). Door-Tran. November 9, 2021.
373. ^ Busch, Pam; Goode, Mariah; Kerwin, Rebecca (2020). Door County Coordinated Public Transportation Plan 2021–2024. Door County Transportation and Land Use Services Departments. Table in Appendix B: Door County Transportation Providers and Services, pp. 16–18.
374. ^ a b c Bureau of Aeronautics (June 2021). "Table: List of Responding Airports". Wisconsin Airports Rates and Charges Survey: 2020 (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. pp. 31–32.
375. ^ "Crispy Cedars Private Airfield". 2014.
376. ^ "Crispy Cedars Airport". Airport-Data.com.
377. ^ Grota Nordahl, Karen (May 1, 2010). "Changes and Constants in Health Care Delivery". Door County Living.
378. ^ "Chambers Island Airport". Airport-Data.com.
379. ^ "Chapter 8" (PDF). Town of Egg Harbor 20-Year Comprehensive Plan. 2009. p. 8\. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 4, 2018.
380. ^ "Mick Schier Field Airport". AirplaneManager.com.
381. ^ "Mave's Lakeview Road Airport". Airport-Data.com.
382. ^ "Sunny Slope Runway Airport". Airport-Data.com.
383. ^ Jinkins, Ann; Weir, Maggie (2006). Sturgeon Bay. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. p. 23\. ISBN 9780738540085.
384. ^ "The Island Clipper & The Viking Train". www.islandclipper.com. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
385. ^ "Rock Island Ferry". www.wisferry.com. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
386. ^ Fishing Guide of Door County: Door County Boat Access Sites Map. Archived from the original on August 4, 2016.
387. ^ Wisconsin DNR interactive boating map (Map).
388. ^ Wisconsin's Lake Michigan Water Trail Project: Inventory and Analysis of Access Sites in Support of a Lake Michigan Water Trail (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. December 2011. pp. 13–23. Also see Map 3, Map 4, Map 5, and the electronic Lake Michigan State Water Trail map
389. ^ "2020 Decennial Census: Door County, Wisconsin". data.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
390. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
391. ^ Wisconsin: 2000 Summary Population and Housing Characteristics, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, November 2002, US Census Bureau, page 449 (page 462 of the pdf) (Archieved January 19, 2022)
392. ^ A Forgotten Language Sparks A Love To Remember by Zac Schultz, December 24, 2015, Wisconsin Life, PBS.
393. ^ "Belgian-American Research Collection" Archived January 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, University of Wisconsin and Quantity-to-Quality Contrast Shift and Phonemic Merger in Wisconsin Walloon High Front Vowels by Kelly Biers and Ellen Osterhaus, Selected Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Immigrant Languages in the Americas (WILA 9), ed. Kelly Biers and Joshua R. Brown, 11-19. Somerville, Massachusetts: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
394. ^ Wisconsin: 2000 Summary Population and Housing Characteristics, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, November 2002, US Census Bureau, page 267 (page 280 of the pdf) (Archived January 19, 2022)
395. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
396. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
397. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 18, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
398. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 18, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
399. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
400. ^ a b c d Wisconsin: 2000 Summary Population and Housing Characteristics, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, November 2002, US Census Bureau, pages 10–11 (pages 23–24 of the pdf)
401. ^ Table 1. Summary of General Characteristics of Persons: 1990, p. 20 of the pdf
402. ^ "WISH: Fertility (Birth Rates) Module". September 28, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
403. ^ Final Estimated Components of Population Change for Wisconsin Counties: April 2010 – January 2021, Wisconsin Demographic Services Center, October 2021
404. ^ Net County-to-County Migration Flow (5-year estimate) for Door County, WI, Federal Reserve Economic Data, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
405. ^ p01213b spreadsheet by Eric Grosso, Office on Aging, Bureau of Aging and Disability Resources, Wisconsin Department of Health Services
406. ^ Profiles of Persons Ages 65 and Older, Wisconsin Bureau of Aging and Disability Resources, Eric Grosso
407. ^ The Green Book: A book of county facts, Forward Analytics, Wisconsin Counties Association, 2019, p. 13, (p. 19 of the pdf)
408. ^ Door County Families: Structure and Composition, Livestories Statistics, compared to Wisconsin Families: Structure and Composition, Livestories Statistics, accessed September 6, 2019
409. ^ Stella Maris Parish website, About Us: Locations, accessed December 14, 2019
410. ^ County Membership Report: Door County (Wisconsin), The Association of Religion Data Archives
411. ^ a b Social Capital Project: Social Capital Index Data accompanying the U.S. Congress, Joint Economic Committee, Social Capital Project. “The Geography of Social Capital in America.” Report prepared by the Vice Chairman's staff, 115th Cong., 2nd Sess. (April 2018)
412. ^ 2017 Wisconsin Marriages and Divorces by Kristine A. Palmer, Wisconsin State Vital Records Office, October 4, 2019
413. ^ Wisconsin Blue Book 2017–2018 Basic data on Wisconsin counties, Basic data on Wisconsin counties, p. 590 (p. 3 of the pdf)
414. ^ Wisconsin: Door (DR), countyhealthrankings.org, for state figures see Wisconsin Public Health Profile for Door County, 2017 compared to Wisconsin Public Health Profile for Wisconsin, 2017, Office of health informatics, Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Department of Health Services.
415. ^ PLACES: Local Data for Better Health, Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, accessed September 25, 2021
416. ^ Life Expectancy in Wisconsin by Karl Pearson and Reka Sundaram-Stukel, August 2016, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Office of Health Informatics, pp. 13–4 (pp. 15–16 of the pdf)
417. ^ Progress in Reducing Premature Deaths in Wisconsin Counties, 2000–2010 by Thomas Nonnweiler, Elizabeth A. Pollock, Barbara Rudolph, and Patrick L. Remington, Wisconsin Medical Journal, Vol. 112, October 2013, p. 212
418. ^ Maternity Ward Deserts in Wisconsin, 2011 and 2017 by Tracy Buchman, Summer Clif, and Russell Kashian, Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, Volume 51, Number 2, pages 38, 42, and 44 (pages 1, 5, and 7 of the pdf)
419. ^ SSI Recipients by State and County, 2018, Number of recipients in state (by eligibility category, age, and receipt of OASDI benefits) and amount of payments, by county, December 2018, Table 3.p. 101
420. ^ Atlas of Rural and Small Town America by John Cromartie, selection "Percent of the population that are veterans, 2015-19", Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, June 8, 2021
421. ^ FY 2019 VA Disability Compensation Recipients by County, National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics, United States Department of Veterans Affairs
422. ^ Door County skin cancer rate highest in state by Liz Welter, USA Today Network-Wisconsin, June 27, 2017
423. ^ Mental Health: County Services Dashboard, Wisconsin DHS
424. ^ Table: 2020 Drug Incidents in 2020 Annual Report, Door County Sheriff's Office, page 9
425. ^ A look at the prevalence of mental illness in California and the U.S. by Kurt Snibbe, Orange County Register, November 11, 2017, accessed December 11, 2019.
426. ^ a b c Medicare Chronic Conditions Dashboard, County Level, U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
427. ^ Mental Health: County Services Dashboard, Wisconsin DHS and "Quick Facts". Census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
428. ^ a b County of Door 2019 Annual Reports. pp. 17, 40.
429. ^ Interactive Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, accessed September 25, 2021
430. ^ For 2016 statistics, see Wisconsin Public Health Profile for Door County, 2016, Office of health informatics, Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Department of Health Services For 2017 statistics, see Wisconsin Public Health Profile for Door County, 2017, Office of health informatics, Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Department of Health Services
431. ^ Data was from the County Health Rankings program, which was taken through a partnership between the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Population Health Institute of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. Snapshot: Door, countyhealthrankings.org, 2021; America's Drunkest Counties, page 6, 247wallst.com, October 8, 2021; and The top 11 “drunkest counties” in U.S. are all in Wisconsin, survey finds by Nick Viviani, October 18, 2021
432. ^ Medicare Part D Opioid Prescribing Rates - by Geography: Visualization: Medicare Part D Opioid Prescribing Mapping Tool, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
433. ^ Free Narcan Kits Available to Reverse Opioid Overdoses by Debra Fitzgerald, Door County Pulse, June 16, 2022
434. ^ Death Rates for Wisconsin by County, All Cancer Sites, 2015–2019, State Cancer Profiles, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
435. ^ "Gov. Tony Evers issues 'Safer At Home' order closing non-essential businesses". wisn.com. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
436. ^ COVID-19 Update Confirmed in Door County by Susan Powers, Door County—Department of Health and Human Services, March 30, 2020
437. ^ Powers, Susan (May 15, 2020). "Order of the Door County Health Officer" (PDF). Wisconsin Public Radio. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
438. ^ Businesses adapt to worker shortage without J-1 Visa Program by Mackenzie Amundsen, WBAY-TV, July 6, 2020
439. ^ June Newsletter, 2021, Aging and Disability Resource Center of Door County, page 3
440. ^ Table: Heath and Human Services Statistics on page 9 of Heath and Human Services Board Agenda for February 8, 2021
441. ^ a b Amended Agenda, Monday, June 8, 2020, Door County Health and Human Services Board, "Section II, Noteworthy Data Trends", page 3 (page 9 of the pdf)
442. ^ In Health and Human Services Board Agenda for February 10, 2020, part H of Quarterly Written Agency Updates by Joseph Krebsbach, director of Door County Health and Human Services, page 3 in the Updates (page 23 of the pdf)
443. ^ Annual Reports, Door County Board of Supervisors, 2007, page 71 (page 72 of the pdf); 2008, page 73 (page 74 of the pdf); 2009, page 175; 2010, page 71 (page 73 of the pdf), 2011, page 70 (page 72 of the pdf); 2012, page 81; 2013, page 36; 2014, page 37; 2015, page 40; 2016, page 43; 2017, page 45; 2018, page 43; and 2019, page 40
444. ^ a b "Child Protective Services (CPS) Reports Dashboard". dcf.wisconsin.gov. Wisconsin Department of Children and Families, Division of Safety and Permanence Bureau of Compliance, Research, and Analytics. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
445. ^ Door County Health and Human Services Board Agenda Packet for February 14, 2022, from the included copy of the Door County Health and Human Services Board Minutes for January 10, 2022, page 20 of the pdf, second page of the table "Health and Human Services Statistics"
446. ^ Powers, Susan (July 25, 2022). "Situation Update". Door County Public Health Office.
447. ^ "Covid-19 Vaccine Data". Wisconsin Department of Health Services. June 6, 2022.
448. ^ "CSV for Excel format: COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States, County". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 6, 2022.
449. ^ Levendusky, Roger (September 15, 2017). "Door County Part of Targeted Sex Trafficking Stings". WDOR.
450. ^ "UCR Offense Data". Wisconsin Department of Justice.
451. ^ Larson, Storm (February 12, 2019). "Due Process and the Involuntary Intoxication Defense". Wisconsin Lawyer.
452. ^ Antinori, Shannon (April 17, 2014). "Plainfield Family Wins Fight Against Drunk-Defense Law". Patch.com.
453. ^ Steebs, Keta (December 30, 1970). "Newport state park has vague but fascinating past". Door County Advocate. p. 4.
454. ^ Steebs, Keta (January 5, 1971). "Newport's future hinged on one man's 'maybe' dreams". Door County Advocate. p. 4.
455. ^ Steebs, Keta (October 5, 1971). "Unforgettable sights met site's rescue team". Door County Advocate. Vol. 110, no. 57\. p. 1.
456. ^ Steebs, Keta (October 7, 1971). "Human spirit perseveres after great fire of 1871". Door County Advocate. Vol. 110, no. 58\. p. 1.
457. ^ "Night Appeared Day as Local Residents Watched Great Fire Roar Toward Village". Door County Advocate. Vol. 99, no. 59\. October 10, 1960. p. 1.
458. ^ Maps of borders along county waters are available on the Selection Map at data.census.gov
459. ^ "Robert C. Bassett". Arlington National Cemetery. Archived from the original on February 1, 2020. "Bassett, who was born in Sturgeon Bay on March 2, 1911"
460. ^ Costello, Rory. "Gene Brabender". Society for American Baseball Research.
461. ^ Johnson, Robert (November 16, 2018). "Traveling Back: In 2003, Door County Was 'Football Capital of the World'". Green Bay Press-Gazette.
462. ^ Pajot, Dennis. "Henry Killilea". Society for American Baseball Research.
463. ^ Christl, Cliff (May 6, 2015). "Five Worst Fires in Packers History". Green Bay Packers.
464. ^ Uncovering Thomas Minar: A lifetime of achievement destroyed by consequences of hidden life by Isaac Gleitz, The Statehouse File, March 18, 2022
465. ^ Commemorative biographical record of the counties of Brown, Kewaunee and Door, Wisconsin, and containing biographical sketches of prominent and representative citizens, and of many of the early settled families, Chicago: J. H. Beers, 1895, page 494
466. ^ Winden, Matthew. Economic Value of Reengineering WI Great Lakes beaches (PDF). UW-Whitewater Fiscal & Economic Research Center Institute for Water Business. p. 11.
467. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2020.

## Further reading[edit | edit source]

* Martin, Chas. I. (1881). History of Door County, Wisconsin. Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin: Expositor Job Print.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Door County, Wisconsin.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for  Door County.

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* Door County map from the Wisconsin Department of Transportation
* Door County Historical Society
* Map of Door County articles on Wikipedia

Places adjacent to Door County, Wisconsin

| Green Bay (Menominee County, Michigan) Green Bay Marinette County) | Lake Michigan (Delta County, Michigan) | Lake Michigan (Leelanau County, Michigan)

|
|

|  |
Green Bay (Oconto County) |

Door County, Wisconsin

| Lake Michigan (Leelanau County, Michigan)
|  |
Green Bay (Brown County) | Kewaunee County | Lake Michigan (Benzie County, Michigan)

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and communities of Door County, Wisconsin, United States

City|

* Sturgeon Bay (county seat)

Towns in 1915; the borders remain the same today except for annexations by the City of Sturgeon Bay and the four villages.

Villages|

* Egg Harbor
* Ephraim
* Forestville
* Sister Bay

Towns

* Baileys Harbor
* Brussels
* Clay Banks
* Egg Harbor
* Forestville
* Gardner
* Gibraltar
* Jacksonport
* Liberty Grove
* Nasewaupee
* Sevastopol
* Sturgeon Bay
* Union
* Washington Island

CDPs|

* Baileys Harbor
* Ellison Bay
* Little Sturgeon

Other
communities|

* Brussels
* Carlsville
* Carnot
* Detroit Harbor
* Fish Creek
* Gills Rock
* Idlewild
* Institute
* Jacksonport
* Juddville
* Kolberg
* Maplewood
* Namur
* North Bay
* Northport
* Peninsula Center
* Rosiere‡
* Rowleys Bay
* Salona
* Shoemaker Point
* Valmy
* Vignes
* Washington
* West Jacksonport
* Whitefish Bay

Footnote|

‡Partially located in Kewaunee County

* United States portal

* v
* t
* e

State of Wisconsin

Madison (capital)

Topics|

* Outline
* Agriculture
* Dairy industry
* Geography
* Islands
* Lakes
* Governors
* Delegations
* History
* People
* Sports
* Symbols
* Tourist attractions

Society|

* Administrative divisions
* Crime
* Culture
* Demographics
* Economy
* Education
* Politics

Regions|

* Apostle Islands
* Central Plain
* Chippewa Valley
* Door Peninsula
* Driftless Area
* Eastern Ridges and Lowlands
* Fox River Valley
* Great River Road
* Lake Superior Lowland
* Northern Highland
* Western Upland

Major metropolitan areas
(pop. over 500,000)|

* Chicago metropolitan area
* Madison metropolitan area
* Milwaukee metropolitan area
* Twin Cities metropolitan area

Largest cities
(pop. over 50,000)|

* Appleton
* Eau Claire
* Green Bay
* Janesville
* Kenosha
* La Crosse
* Madison
* Milwaukee
* Oshkosh
* Racine
* Waukesha
* West Allis

Smaller cities
(pop. 15,000 to 50,000)|

* Beaver Dam
* Beloit
* Brookfield
* Cudahy
* De Pere
* Fitchburg
* Fond du Lac
* Franklin
* Greenfield
* Hartford
* Hudson
* Kaukauna
* Manitowoc
* Marshfield
* Menasha
* Menomonie
* Mequon
* Middleton
* Muskego
* Neenah
* New Berlin
* Oak Creek
* Oconomowoc
* Onalaska
* River Falls
* Sheboygan
* South Milwaukee
* Stevens Point
* Sun Prairie
* Superior
* Watertown
* Wausau
* Wauwatosa
* West Bend
* Wisconsin Rapids

Largest villages
(pop. over 15,000)|

* Ashwaubenon
* Bellevue
* Caledonia
* Fox Crossing
* Germantown
* Howard
* Menomonee Falls
* Mount Pleasant
* Pleasant Prairie

Counties|

* Adams
* Ashland
* Barron
* Bayfield
* Brown
* Buffalo
* Burnett
* Calumet
* Chippewa
* Clark
* Columbia
* Crawford
* Dane
* Dodge
* Door
* Douglas
* Dunn
* Eau Claire
* Florence
* Fond du Lac
* Forest
* Grant
* Green
* Green Lake
* Iowa
* Iron
* Jackson
* Jefferson
* Juneau
* Kenosha
* Kewaunee
* La Crosse
* Lafayette
* Langlade
* Lincoln
* Manitowoc
* Marathon
* Marinette
* Marquette
* Menominee
* Milwaukee
* Monroe
* Oconto
* Oneida
* Outagamie
* Ozaukee
* Pepin
* Pierce
* Polk
* Portage
* Price
* Racine
* Richland
* Rock
* Rusk
* Sauk
* Sawyer
* Shawano
* Sheboygan
* St. Croix
* Taylor
* Trempealeau
* Vernon
* Vilas
* Walworth
* Washburn
* Washington
* Waukesha
* Waupaca
* Waushara
* Winnebago
* Wood

*[v]: View this template
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*[Pop.]: Population
*[%±]: Percent change