Gabriel

Angel in Abrahamic religions

"Angel Gabriel" redirects here. For the American comic book artist, see Angel Gabriele.

"Jibrail" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see Jibrail, Iran.

Saint

Gabriel

Detail of Gabriel from Pinturicchio's The Annunciation (1501)

Archangel, Angel of Revelation, Commander of the Powers
Venerated in| Judaism
Samaritanism
All Christian denominations which venerate saints
Islam
and others[N 1]
Canonized| Pre-Congregation
Feast|

* 29 September with angels Michael and Raphael (Catholic Church) (post-1969)
* 24 March (Western Rite Orthodoxy and General Roman Calendar before 1969)
* 26 March, 13 July (Eastern Orthodox Church)
* 13 Paoni, 22 Koiak and 26 Paoni (Coptic Church)

* 28 of December (Tahsas 19) and 26 of July (Hamle 19) Ethiopian Calendar

Attributes| Archangel;[1] Clothed in blue or white garments;[2] Carrying a lily,[2][3] a trumpet,[2] a shining lantern,[2] a branch from Paradise,[2] a scroll,[3] and a scepter.[3]
Patronage| Telecommunication workers,[4][5] radio broadcasters,[5] messengers,[5] postal workers,[5] clerics,[5] diplomats,[5] stamp collectors,[5] Portugal, Santander, Cebu, ambassadors

In the Abrahamic religions, Gabriel (/ˈɡeɪbriəl/)[N 2] is an archangel who appears in the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament, and the Quran.

In the Hebrew Bible, Gabriel appears to the prophet Daniel to explain his visions (Daniel 8:15–26, 9:21–27). The archangel also appears in the Book of Enoch and other ancient Jewish writings. Alongside the archangel Michael, Gabriel is described as the guardian angel of Israel, defending its people against the angels of the other nations. Gabriel is also translated as "strength of God" in some languages.[6]

Annunciation of Gabriel by Jan van Eyck, 1434

The Gospel of Luke relates the stories of the Annunciation, in which the angel Gabriel appears to Zechariah and the Virgin Mary, foretelling the births of John the Baptist and Jesus, respectively (Luke 1:11–38). Many Christian traditions—including Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Roman Catholicism—revere Gabriel as a saint.[1][7]

Islam regards Gabriel as an archangel sent by God to various prophets, including Muhammad.[8] The first five verses of the Al-Alaq, the 96th chapter of the Quran, is believed by Muslims to have been the first verses revealed by Gabriel to Muhammad.[8]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints hold that the angel Gabriel is the same individual as the prophet Noah.[9][10]

According to one ancient Gnostic manuscript, the Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit, Gabriel is a divine being and inhabitant of the Pleroma who existed prior to the Demiurge.[11]

Yazidis consider Gabriel one of the Seven Mysteries, the heptad to which God entrusted the world, and sometimes identified with the archangel Melek Taus.[12]

## Contents

* 1 Judaism
* 1.1 Intertestamental literature
* 2 Christianity
* 2.1 New Testament
* 2.2 Gabriel's horn
* 2.3 Feast days
* 2.4 Latter-day Saint teachings
* 3 Islam
* 3.1 Tasks
* 4 Art, entertainment, and media
* 4.1 Gabriel sculptures
* 4.2 Festivals
* 4.3 Film
* 4.4 Games
* 4.5 Literature
* 4.6 Music
* 4.7 Visual art
* 4.8 Television
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 6.1 Notes
* 6.2 Citations
* 7 Further reading
* 8 External links

## Judaism[edit | edit source]

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Statue of Archangel Gabriel (15th century), adorning the top of the northwest corner pillar of the Palazzo Ducale in Venice

Gabriel, (Hebrew: גַּבְרִיאֵל, romanized: Gaḇrīʾēl) is interpreted by Talmudic rabbis to be the "man in linen" as in the Book of Daniel and the Book of Ezekiel. In the Book of Daniel, Gabriel is responsible for interpreting Daniel's visions. Gabriel's main function in Daniel is that of revealer, a role he continues in later literature. In the Book of Ezekiel, Gabriel is understood to be the angel that was sent to destroy Jerusalem. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, Gabriel takes the form of a man, and stands at the left hand of God.[13] Shimon ben Lakish (Syria Palaestina, 3rd century) concluded that the angelic names of Michael, Raphael, and Gabriel came out of the Babylonian exile (Gen. Rab. 48:9).[14] Alongside archangel Michael, Gabriel is described as the guardian angel of Israel, defending this people against the angels of the other nations.[6]

In Kabbalah, Gabriel is identified with the sephirah of Yesod. Gabriel also has a prominent role as one of God's archangels in the Kabbalah literature. There, Gabriel is portrayed as working in concert with Michael as part of God's court. Gabriel is not to be prayed to because only God can answer prayers and sends Gabriel as his agent.[13]

According to Jewish mythology, in the Garden of Eden there is a tree of life or the "tree of souls"[15] that blossoms and produces new souls, which fall into the Guf, the Treasury of Souls. Gabriel reaches into the treasury and takes out the first soul that comes into his hand. Then Lailah, the Angel of Conception, watches over the embryo until it is born.[citation needed]

### Intertestamental literature[edit | edit source]

The intertestamental period (roughly 200 BC – 50 AD) produced a wealth of literature, much of it having an apocalyptic orientation. The names and ranks of angels and devils were greatly expanded, and each had particular duties and status before God.

In 1 Enoch 9:1–3, Gabriel, along with Michael, Uriel and Suriel, "saw much blood being shed upon the earth" (9:1) and heard the souls of men cry, "Bring our cause before the Most High" (9:3). In 1 Enoch 10:1, the reply came from "the Most High, the Holy and Great One" who sent forth agents, including Gabriel—

> And the Lord said to Gabriel: "'Proceed against the bastards and the reprobates, and against the children of fornication: and destroy [the children of fornication and] the children of the Watchers from amongst men [and cause them to go forth]: send them one against the other that they may destroy each other in battle: for length of days shall they not have."

> — 1 Enoch 10:9

Gabriel is the fifth of the five angels who keep watch: "Gabriel, one of the holy angels, who is over Paradise and the serpents and the Cherubim" (1 Enoch 20:7).

When Enoch asked who the four figures were that he had seen:

> And he said to me: 'This first is Michael, the merciful and long-suffering: and the second, who is set over all the diseases and all the wounds of the children of men, is Raphael: and the third, who is set over all the powers, is Gabriel: and the fourth, who is set over the repentance unto hope of those who inherit eternal life, is named Phanuel.' And these are the four angels of the Lord of Spirits and the four voices I heard in those days.

> — Enoch 40:9

## Christianity[edit | edit source]

### New Testament[edit | edit source]

File:Archangel Gabriel. Tsalenjikha fresco (Georgia, 14th c.).jpg

Archangel Gabriel. A fresco from the Tsalenjikha Cathedral by Cyrus Emanuel Eugenicus. 14th century.

First, concerning John the Baptist, an angel appeared to his father Zacharias, a priest of the course of Abia, (Luke 1:5–7) whose barren wife Elisabeth was of the daughters of Aaron, while he ministered in the temple:

> 10 And the whole multitude of the people were praying without at the time of incense.
>  11 And there appeared unto him an angel of the Lord standing on the right side of the altar of incense.
>  12 And when Zacharias saw him, he was troubled, and fear fell upon him.
>  13 But the angel said unto him, Fear not, Zacharias: for thy prayer is heard; and thy wife Elisabeth shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name John.
>  14 And thou shalt have joy and gladness; and many shall rejoice at his birth.
>  15 For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother's womb.
>  16 And many of the children of Israel shall he turn to the Lord their God.
>  17 And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.
>  18 And Zacharias said unto the angel, Whereby shall I know this? for I am an old man, and my wife well stricken in years.
>  19 And the angel answering said unto him, I am Gabriel, that stand in the presence of God; and am sent to speak unto thee, and to shew thee these glad tidings.
>  20 And, behold, thou shalt be dumb, and not able to speak, until the day that these things shall be performed, because thou believest not my words, which shall be fulfilled in their season.

> — Luke 1:10-20[16]

File:Gabriel Archangel Hajdudorog.JPG

Gabriel on the southern deacons' door of the iconostasis in the Cathedral of Hajdúdorog, Hungary

After completing his week[17] of ministry, Zacharias returned to his home and his wife Elizabeth conceived. After she completed "five months" (Luke 1:21–25) of her pregnancy, Gabriel is mentioned again:

> 26 And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth,
>  27 To a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin's name was Mary.
>  28 And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.
>  29 And when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be.
>  30 And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God.
>  31 And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name JESUS.
>  32 He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David:
>  33 And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end.
>  34 Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be, seeing I know not a man?
>  35 And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God.
>  36 And, behold, thy cousin Elisabeth, she hath also conceived a son in her old age: and this is the sixth month with her, who was called barren.
>  37 For with God nothing shall be impossible.
>  38 And Mary said, Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it unto me according to thy word. And the angel departed from her.

> — Luke 1:26-38[18]

Gabriel only appears by name in those two passages in Luke. In the first passage the angel identified himself as Gabriel, but in the second it is Luke who identified him as Gabriel. The only other named angels in the New Testament are Michael the Archangel (in Jude 1:9) and Abaddon (in Revelation 9:11). Gabriel is not called an archangel in the Bible. Believers are expressly warned not to worship angels (in Colossians 2:18–19 and Revelation 19:10).[19]

### Gabriel's horn[edit | edit source]

See also: Gabriel's Horn (Geometric figure)

The trope of Gabriel blowing a trumpet blast to indicate the Lord's return to Earth is especially familiar in Spirituals. However, though the Bible mentions a trumpet blast preceding the resurrection of the dead, it never specifies Gabriel as the trumpeter. Different passages state different things: the angels of the Son of Man (Matthew 24:31); the voice of the Son of God (John 5:25-29); God's trumpet (I Thessalonians 4:16); seven angels sounding a series of blasts (Revelation 8-11); or simply "a trumpet will sound" (I Corinthians 15:52).[20]

In related traditions, Gabriel is again not identified as the trumpeter. In Judaism, trumpets are prominent, and they seem to be blown by God himself, or sometimes Michael. In Zoroastrianism, there is no trumpeter at the last judgment. In Islamic tradition, it is Israfil who blows the trumpet, though he is not named in the Qur'an. The Christian Church Fathers do not mention Gabriel as the trumpeter; early English literature similarly does not.[20]

The earliest known identification of Gabriel as the trumpeter comes in the Hymn of the Armenian Saint Nerses Shnorhali, "for Protection in the Night":[21]

> The sound of Gabriel's trumpet on the last night, make us worthy to hear, and to stand on your right hand among the sheep with lanterns of inextinguishable light; to be like the five wise virgins, so that with the bridegroom in the bride chamber we, his spiritual brides may enter into glory.

In 1455, in Armenian art, there is an illustration in an Armenian manuscript showing Gabriel sounding his trumpet as the dead climb out of their graves.[22] Two centuries later, Gabriel is identified as the trumpeter, in John Milton's Paradise Lost (1667):[20][23]

> Betwixt these rockie pillars Gabriel sat
>  Chief of the Angelic guards (IV.545f)...
>  He ended, and the Son gave signal high
>  To the bright minister that watch'd, he blew
>  His trumpet, heard in Oreb since perhaps
>  When God descended, and perhaps once more
>  To sound at general doom. (XI.72ff).

Later, Gabriel's horn is omnipresent in Negro spirituals, but it is unclear how the Byzantine conception inspired Milton and the spirituals, though they presumably have a common source.[20]

Gabriel's horn also makes an appearance in "The Eyes of Texas" (1903) in which it signifies the rapture.[24] In Marc Connelly's play based on spirituals, The Green Pastures (1930), Gabriel has his beloved trumpet constantly with him, and the Lord has to warn him not to blow it too soon.[20] Four years later "Blow, Gabriel, Blow" was introduced by Ethel Merman in Cole Porter's Anything Goes (1934).

### Feast days[edit | edit source]

File:Gabriel from Vysotsky chin (14c, Tretyakov gallery).jpg

Icon of Gabriel, Byzantine, c. 1387–1395 (Tretyakov Gallery)

Saint Gabriel the Archangel's festival day was exclusively celebrated on 18 March according to many sources dating between 1588 and 1921; unusually, a source published in 1856[25] has the feast celebrated on 7 April for unknown reasons (a parenthetical note states that the day is normally celebrated on 18 March). Writer Elizabeth Drayson mentions the feast being celebrated on 18 March 1588 in her 2013 book "The Lead Books of Granada".[26]

One of the oldest out-of-print sources placing the feast on 18 March, first published in 1608, is "Flos sanctorum: historia general de la vida y hechos de Jesu-Christo...y de los santos de que reza y haze fiesta la Iglesia Catholica..." by the Spanish writer Alonso de Villegas; a newer edition of this book was published in 1794.[27] Another source published in Ireland in 1886 the Irish Ecclesiastical Record also mentions 18 March.[28]

The feast of Saint Gabriel was included by Pope Benedict XV in the General Roman Calendar in 1921, for celebration on 24 March.[29] In 1969 the day was officially transferred to 29 September for celebration in conjunction with the feast of the archangels St. Michael and St. Raphael.[30] The Church of England has also adopted the 29 September date, known as Michaelmas.

The Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite celebrate his feast day (Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the Other Bodiless Powers) on 8 November (for those churches that follow the traditional Julian Calendar, 8 November currently falls on 21 November of the modern Gregorian Calendar, a difference of 13 days). Eastern Orthodox commemorate him, not only on his November feast, but also on two other days:

* 26 March is the "Synaxis of the Archangel Gabriel" and celebrates his role in the Annunciation (eavetaking of the Annunciation),

* 13 July is also known as the "Synaxis of the Archangel Gabriel", and celebrates all the appearances and miracles attributed to Gabriel throughout history. The feast was first established on Mount Athos when, in the 9th century, during the reign of Emperor Basil II and the Empress Constantina Porphyrogenitus and while Nicholas Chrysoverges was Patriarch of Constantinople, the Archangel appeared in a cell[31] near Karyes, where he wrote with his finger on a stone tablet the hymn to the Theotokos, "It is truly meet...".[32]

Saint Gabriel the Archangel is commemorated on the vigil of Annunciation (24 March) by Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate[33] and ROCOR Western Rite.[34]

The Coptic Orthodox Church celebrates his feast on 13 Paoni,[35] 22 Koiak and 26 Paoni.[36]

The Ethiopian Church celebrates his feast on 18(in the Ethiopian calendar) December, with a sizeable number of its believers making a pilgrimage to a church dedicated to "Saint Gabriel" in Kulubi and Wonkshet on that day.[37]

Additionally, Gabriel is the patron saint of messengers, those who work for broadcasting and telecommunications such as radio and television, postal workers, clerics, diplomats, and stamp collectors.[5]

### Latter-day Saint teachings[edit | edit source]

In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints theology, Gabriel is believed to have lived a mortal life as the prophet Noah. The two are regarded as the same individual; Noah being his mortal name and Gabriel being his heavenly name.[9][10]

## Islam[edit | edit source]

See also: Rūḥ

"Gibril" and "Jibril" redirect here. For other uses, see Gibril (disambiguation) and Jibril (disambiguation).

Gabriel (Arabic: جِبْرِيل, romanized: Jibrīl; also Arabic: جبرائيل, romanized: Jibrāʾīl or Jabrāʾīl; derived from the Hebrew: גַּבְרִיאֵל, romanized: Gaḇrīʾēl)[8][38][39][40] is venerated as one of the primary archangels and as the Angel of Revelation in Islam.[8][38][39] He is primarily mentioned in the verses 2:97, 2:98, and 66:4 of the Quran, although the Quranic text doesn't explicitly refer to him as an angel.[38] In the Quran, the archangel Gabriel appears named in 2:97 and 66:4, as well as in 2:98, where he is mentioned along with the archangel Michael (Mīkāʾīl).[8]

Exegetical Quranic literature narrates that Muhammad saw the archangel Gabriel in his full angelic splendor only twice, the first time being when he received his first revelation.[39] As the Bible portrays Gabriel as a celestial messenger sent to Daniel,[41] Mary,[42] and Zechariah,[43] Islamic tradition holds that Gabriel was sent to numerous pre-Islamic Biblical prophets with revelation and divine injunctions, including Adam, whom Muslims believe was consoled by Gabriel some time after the Fall, too.[44] He is known by many names in Islam, such as "keeper of holiness".[45] In Hadith traditions, Jibril is said to have six hundred wings.[46]

### Tasks[edit | edit source]

Muslims believe that Gabriel was mainly tasked with transmitting the scriptures from God to the prophets and messengers, as Asbab al-Nuzul or revelation of Al-Baqara, Ayah 124|Quran 3:124 (Translated by Shakir) when Muhammad was questioned which angel is revealing the holy scriptures revelation, and Muhammad told the Jews it is revealed by Gabriel who is tasked to it.[47]

Muslims also revere Gabriel for a number of events predating what they regard as the first revelation, narrated in the Quran. Muslims believe that Gabriel was the angel who informed Zachariah (Zakariyyā) of Yaḥyā's (John's) birth, as well as Mary (Maryam) of the future nativity of Jesus;[48][49] and that Gabriel was one of three angels who had earlier informed Abraham (ʾIbrāhīm) of the birth of Isaac (ʾIsḥāq) [51:24-30].[50] Gabriel also makes a famous appearance in the Hadith of Gabriel, in which he questions Muhammad on the core tenets of Islam.[8]

Gabriel is also believed to have delivered punishment from God to the Sodomite by leveling the entire Sodom city with a tip of his wing.[51] According to a Hadith narrated by Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, which is compiled by al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi, Gabriel has an ability to regulate Feeling or Perception of human, particularly a feel of happiness or sadness.[52]

Gabriel is believed to have helped Muhammad overcome his adversaries significantly against a demon (ʻifrīt) during the Mi'raj.[53][54] Gabriel is believed to have helped Muhammad overcome his adversaries during the Battle of Badr, where according to scholars and clerics of Islam, the various hadiths, both authentics and inauthentics, has mentioned that Gabriel,[55] Michael, Raphael,[56][N 3][N 4] and thousands of best angels from third level of sky, all came to the battle of Badr by impersonating appearance of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, a Companions of the Prophet and bodyguard of the prophet.[N 5][61] This is deemed as Zubayr personal honor according to Islamic belief.[62][63][N 6] Meanwhile, Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri has recorded in his historiography works of Quran and Hadith revelation in Prophetic biography, that Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas testified he saw two unidentified warriors clad in white has protected Muhammad during the Battle of Uhud, That later being confirmed by Muhammad those two unidentified warriors were Jibril and Mikail in disguise.[65]

Moreover, he is believed to have further encouraged Muhammad to wage war and attack the Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayza.[38][66] Another appearance of Gabriel in Islamic religious texts were found in numerous Hadiths during the Battle of Hunayn, where the Gabriel stood next to Muhammad.[67]

Other Islamic texts and some Apocryphal literature also supported Gabriel's role as a celestial warrior.[38][68] Though alternate theories exist, whether the occurrence of the Holy Spirit in the Quran refers to Gabriel or not, remains an issue of scholarly debate.[citation needed] However, a clear distinction between apocryphal and Quranic references to Gabriel is that the former doesn't designate him as the Holy Spirit in the First Book of Enoch, which narrates the story of Gabriel defeating the Nephilim.[38]

## Art, entertainment, and media[edit | edit source]

File:Henry Ossawa Tanner - The Annunciation.jpg

The Annunciation, Henry Ossawa Tanner (1898)

Angels are described as pure spirits.[69][70] The lack of a defined form allows artists wide latitude in depicting them.[71] Amelia R. Brown draws comparisons in Byzantine iconography between portrayals of angels and the conventions used to depict court eunuchs. Mainly from the Caucasus, they tended to have light eyes, hair, and skin; and those "castrated in childhood developed a distinctive skeletal structure, lacked full masculine musculature, body hair and beards...." As officials, they would wear a white tunic decorated with gold. Brown suggests that "Byzantine artists drew, consciously or not, on this iconography of the court eunuch."[72] Some recent popular works on angels consider Gabriel to be female or androgynous.[73][74]

### Gabriel sculptures[edit | edit source]

* Gabor arkangyal.jpg

Archangel Gabriel Millennium Monument at Heroes' Square in Budapest

* Bermatingen St Georg Heiligenfigur.jpg

Archangel Gabriel in the church of St. Georg in Bermatingen

* Waldburg Pfarrkirche Verkündigung Engel.jpg

Archangel Gabriel in the church of St. Magnus in Waldburg

* Annonciation portail Reims.jpg

Archangel Gabriel at the façade of the Cathedral of Reims

* To the victims of the german occupation.jpg

Archangel Gabriel at the Liberty Square, Budapest

### Festivals[edit | edit source]

* Baltimore's "Little Italy" has for over 80 years hosted an annual "end of summer" St. Gabriel Festival that features a procession with a statue of the saint carried through the streets.[75][76]

The Annunciation, Gabriel kneeling on one knee. Llanbeblig Book of Hours (f. 1r.).

### Film[edit | edit source]

* In Liliom (1930), Gabriel is portrayed by Harvey Clark.
* In The Green Pastures (1936), Gabriel is portrayed by Oscar Polk.
* In Heaven Only Knows (1947), Gabriel was portrayed by William Farnum.
* In The Littlest Angel (1969; television film), Gabriel is portrayed by Cab Calloway.
* In horror film The Prophecy (1995), Gabriel (portrayed by Christopher Walken) searches for an evil soul on Earth during an end-of-days angelic civil war. He is also a character in The Prophecy II (1998) and The Prophecy 3: The Ascent (2000).
* In Mary, Mother of Jesus (1999; television film), Gabriel is portrayed by John Light.
* In the fantasy/horror film Constantine (2005), Tilda Swinton portrays an androgynous archangel Gabriel.
* In the action/horror film Gabriel (2007), the eponymous character (portrayed by Andy Whitfield) fights to save the souls in purgatory by defeating the evil fallen angels.
* In the apocalyptic supernatural action film Legion (2010), Kevin Durand plays the role of Archangel Gabriel, the leader of the angel army, and the main antagonist. The story was continued in the TV series Dominion .

### Games[edit | edit source]

* 2005: Spanish role-playing game Anima: Beyond Fantasy \- Gabriel is as the humans know one of the seven "Beryls" (godlike beings of light) and is identified with the archangel of the same name. She has associated love, friendship, arts, and peace.
* In the Japanese role-playing game Shin Megami Tensei \- Gabriel is one of the Demons the player can summon to assist in battle.
* In the video game El Shaddai: Ascension of the Metatron, based on the Book of Enoch, Gabriel is featured alongside Michael, Raphael, and Uriel as a guide for Enoch on his quest. All four archangels take the form of swans while on Earth. Gabriel is depicted as female in this interpretation and implied to be an angel of wisdom. She is associated with the Veil weapon Enoch uses.
* In Ultrakill, a retro first-person shooter, Gabriel is featured as one of the bosses and a primary story character.
* In The Binding of Isaac (video game), a roguelike dungeon crawler, the player is able to fight Gabriel and Uriel to obtain their key pieces in order to fight Mega Satan.

### Literature[edit | edit source]

* In his epic poem Paradise Lost, John Milton made Gabriel chief of the angelic guards placed over Paradise
* The Hebrew poem "Elifelet" (אליפלט) by Nathan Alterman, put to music and often heard on the Israeli Radio, tells of a heroic, self-sacrificing Israeli soldier being killed in battle. Upon the protagonist's death, the angel Gabriel descends to Earth, in order to comfort the spirit of the fallen hero and take him up to Heaven[77][78]
* The main character of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses (1988) believes that he is the modern incarnation of Gabriel.
* In the Japanese light novel series No Game No Life (2012), Jibril is a member of the Flügel race and was a member of the Council of 18 Wings, a prominent section in the government. She is depicted as loving knowledge and books.
* In volume 3 of the Japanese light novel series The Devil Is a Part-Timer!, an archangel named Gabriel appeared and is the guardian of the Sephirah Yesod.
* In the Japanese light novel High School DxD features Gabriel as one of the Four Great Seraph whom are the highest ranking Seraph alongside Michael, Uriel and Raphael. In the novel, Gabriel is depicted as a female angel with immense angelic beauty and is given the titles of "The Strongest Woman in Heaven" and "The Most Beautiful Woman in Heaven".
* In August Wilson's Fences (1985), the mentally handicapped character Gabriel believes with every fibre of his soul that he is the Archangel Gabriel. He carries around a trumpet on him always, and strives to chase away the "hellhounds". In the last scene of the play, he calls for Saint Peter to open up the gates.

### Music[edit | edit source]

* The eccentric English hagiographer and antiquarian, Sabine Baring-Gould (1834–1924) wrote "Gabriel's Message", the English translation of the Basque Christmas carol Birjina gaztetto bat zegoen. The original charol is likely related to the 13th or 14th-century Latin chant Angelus Ad Virginem, which itself is based on the biblical account of the Annunciation in the Gospel of Luke.
* In "My Own Prison" by Creed, Gabriel is mentioned as deciphering the visions to the main character in the song.
* "Sugar Baby", the last track on Bob Dylan's Love and Theft album, contains this reference:

> "Just as sure as we're living, just as sure as we're born
>  Look up, look up - seek your Maker - 'fore Gabriel blows his horn.

* "Blow Your Trumpets Gabriel" by Polish black metal band Behemoth.
* The 1996 garage/house song "Gabriel" by Roy Davies Jnr (featuring vocals from Peven Everett) is about the archangel Gabriel. In the chorus, Everett can be heard singing "Gabriel play" in reference to Gabriel's trumpet. A trumpet is also heard in the song right after this line is sung.

### Visual art[edit | edit source]

See also Gabriel gallery in Commons.

File:Leonardo da Vinci Annunciazione (dettaglio).jpg

Detail of Gabriel from Leonardo da Vinci's Annunciation (c. 1472–1475)

File:Titian - Polyptych of the Resurrection - Archangel Gabriel - WGA22785.jpg

Angel of the Annunciation by Titian (1520–1522)

Daniel 8:15 describes Gabriel as appearing in the "likeness of man" and in Daniel 9:21 he is referred to as "the man Gabriel". David Everson observes that "such anthropomorphic descriptions of an angel are consistent with previous...descriptions of angels," as in Genesis 19:5.[14]

Gabriel is most often portrayed in the context of scenes of the Annunciation. In 2008 a 16th-century drawing by Lucas van Leyden of the Netherlands was discovered. George R. Goldner, chairman of the department of prints and drawings at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art, suggested that the sketch was for a stained glass window. "The fact that the archangel is an ordinary-looking person and not an idealized boy is typical of the artist", said Goldner.[79]

In chronological order (to see each item, follow the link in the footnote):[80]

* Archangel Gabriel (Triptych), early 10th century, Benaki Museum
* The Archangel Gabriel, Pisan, c. 1325–50, National Gallery of Art
* The Archangel Gabriel, Masolino da Panicale, c. 1420–30, National Gallery of Art
* Justice between the Archangels Michael and Gabriel, Jacobello del Fiore, 1421
* Merode Altarpiece (Triptych), Robert Campin, c. 1425, Metropolitan Museum of Art
* The Angel Gabriel, Agostino di Duccio, c. 1450
* Annunciation, Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1475
* The Angel Gabriel, Neroccio d'Landi, c. 1490
* The Angel Gabriel, late 15th or early 16th century, Flemish, National Gallery of Art
* The Angel Gabriel, Ferrari Gaudenzio, 1511, National Gallery, London
* Gabriel delivering the Annunciation El Greco, 1575 (pictured above)
* Go Down Death, Aaron Douglas, 1934

The Military Order of Saint Gabriel was established to recognize "individuals who have made significant contributions to the U.S. Army Public Affairs community and practice." The medallion depicts St. Gabriel sounding a trumpet, while the obverse displays the Army Public Affairs emblem.[81]

### Television[edit | edit source]

* The Twilight Zone (1960) episode "A Passage for Trumpet" – The down-and-out musician Joey Crown (Jack Klugman) meets an enigmatic trumpet player named "Gabe" (played by John Anderson), in what has been described as Rod Serling's version of It's a Wonderful Life.[82]
* Supernatural (2005) – Gabriel, portrayed by Richard Speight Jr., is a runaway archangel who kills people he deems evil, also interacting with other angels, including his siblings Michael, Raphael, and Lucifer.
* Dominion (2014) – Gabriel, portrayed by Carl Beukes, is the series antagonist, who plans to kill the Archangel Michael and annihilate humanity.
* Now Apocalypse (2019) – Gabriel, portrayed by Tyler Posey, is an enigmatic trumpet player who has a passionate tryst with series protagonist Ulysses Zane before warning him about an impending apocalypse.
* Amazon Prime miniseries Good Omens (2019) – Gabriel is portrayed by Jon Hamm. The show is based on the novel by Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman.

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Angel of the Lord
* Angelus
* Annunciation
* Christian angelic hierarchy
* Fleur de lys
* Gabriel's Horn, a mathematical figure
* Hermes
* List of angels in theology
* List of names referring to El
* Ptahil-Uthra also identified as Gabriel in Mandaeism
* Saint Gabriel, patron saint archive
* Seraph

## References[edit | edit source]

### Notes[edit | edit source]

1. ^ Including, but not limited to: Yazidism, Mormonism, Rastafari, Bábism, and the Baháʼí Faith.
2. ^ Hebrew: גַּבְרִיאֵל, romanized: Gaḇrīʾēl, "God is my mighty man"; Greek: Γαβριήλ, Gabriḗl; Latin: Gabriel; Coptic: Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓⲏⲗ, Gabriêl; Amharic: ገብርኤል, Gabrəʾel; Imperial Aramaic: ܓ݁ܰܒ݂ܪܺܝܐܝܶܠ, romanized: Gaḇrīʾēl; Arabic: جِبْرِيل, romanized: Jibrīl, also Arabic: جبرائيل, romanized: Jibrāʾīl or Jabrāʾīl
3. ^ Found in Mustadrak al Sahihayn.[57] The complete narration from Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri were:... Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Yaqoub has reported from Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al-Saadi, who told us Muhammad bin Khalid bin Uthma, told us Musa bin Yaqoub, told me Abu Al-Huwairith, that Muhammad bin Jubayr bin Mut’im told him, that he heard Ali - may God be pleased with him - addresses the people, and he said: While I was leaving from the well of Badr, a strong wind came, the like of which I had never seen, then it left, then came a strong wind, the like of which I have never seen except for the one before it, then it went, then came a strong wind that I did not see before. I have never seen anything like it except for the one before it, and the first wind was Gabriel descended among a thousand angels with the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - and the second wind was Michael who descended among a thousand angels to the right of the Messenger of God - may God bless him and his family and grant them peace - and Abu Bakr was On his right, and the third wind was Israfil. He descended with a thousand angels on the side of the Messenger of God - may God's prayers and peace be upon him and his family - and I was on the right side. When God Almighty defeated his enemies, the Messenger of God - may God's prayers and peace be upon him and his family - carried me on his horse, I blew up, and I fell On my heels, I prayed to God Almighty... Ibn al Mulqin [id], Hadith scholar from Cordoba of 13-14 AD century, evaluate this hadith that he found weaknesses in Musa ibn Yaqoub and Abu al Huwairith chain, so he deemed there is weakness about this hadith.[58] However, recent scholarship from Ali Hasan al-Halabi has noted there is another hadith which supported the participation of Raphael in Badr[56]
4. ^ According to Islamic belief in weak chain of Hadith, Raphael were acknowledged as angel who were tasked to blower of Armageddon trumpet, and one of archangels who bear the Throne of God on their back.[59]
5. ^ According to one Hadith, Muhammad were told that the angels that appeared in the battle of Badr were highest in status and the "best of angels" according to Gabriel in Hadith narrated by Muhammad.[60]
6. ^ According to one narration, during the battle, Muhammad has found an angel whom he though as Zubayr standing next to him, which then prompted Muhammad to command him to attack, which the angel, in Zubayr appearance, simply replied, "I am not Zubayr." Thus, according to Hadith expert this another indication that the angels truly came down with the appearance of Zubayr during Badr.[64]

### Citations[edit | edit source]

1. ^ a b Zimmerman, Julie. "Friar Jack's Catechism Quiz: Test Your Knowledge on Angels". AmericanCatholic.org. Archived from the original on 21 May 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
2. ^ a b c d e OrthodoxWiki. "Archangel Gabriel" (Internet). OrthodoxWiki. Retrieved 15 November 2013. "Because the Angels are incorporeal beings, though they nevertheless take on human form when appearing to mankind, it can be difficult to differentiate one from another in icons. However, Gabriel is most often portrayed with certain distinguishing characteristics. He typically wears white or blue garments; he holds either a lily (representing the Theotokos), a trumpet, a shining lantern, a branch from Paradise presented to him by the Theotokos, or a spear in his right hand and often a mirror—made of jasper and with a Χ (the first letter of Christ (Χριστος) in Greek)—in his left hand. He should not be confused with the Archangel Michael, who carries a sword, shield, date-tree branch, and in the other hand a spear, white banner (possibly with scarlet cross) and tends to wear red. Michael's specific mission is to suppress enemies of the true Church (hence the military theme), while Gabriel's is to announce mankind's salvation."
3. ^ a b c Ronner, John (March 1993). Know Your Angels: The Angel Almanac With Biographies of 100 Prominent Angels in Legend & Folklore-And Much More!. Murfreesboro, TN: Mamre Press. pp. 70–72, 73. ISBN 9780932945402. LCCN 93020336. OCLC 27726648. Retrieved 15 November 2013. "Artists like to show Gabriel carrying a lily (Mary's flower), a scroll and a scepter."
4. ^ Catholic Online. "St. Gabriel, the Archangel". Catholic.org. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
5. ^ a b c d e f g h Guiley, Rosemary (2004). Encyclopedia of Angels (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc. p. 140\. ISBN 9780816050239. OCLC 718132289. Retrieved 15 November 2013. "He is the patron saint to telecommunication workers, radio broadcasters, messengers, postal workers, clerics, diplomats, and stamp collectors."
6. ^ a b Ginzberg, Louis. 1909. Legends of the Jews Vol I : The Creation of The World - The First Things Created Archived 20 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine, translated by H. Szold. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society.
7. ^ For example, Book of Common Prayer 1662, Calendar (29 September) "S. Michael and all Angels", page xxix; or propers, page 227, "Saint Michael and All Angels".
8. ^ a b c d e f Webb, Gisela (2006). "Gabriel". In McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. Vol. II. Leiden: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00071. ISBN 978-90-04-14743-0.
9. ^ a b Skinner, Andrew C (1992), "Noah", in Ludlow, Daniel H (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 1016–1017, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140, archived from the original on 17 September 2016, retrieved 7 February 2012.
10. ^ a b Romney, Joseph B. "Noah, The Great Preacher of Righteousness". The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved 22 September 2019. "the Prophet Joseph Smith said: “Noah, who is Gabriel, … stands next in authority to Adam in the Priesthood;"
11. ^ James M. Robinson (2007) [First published 1978]. "The Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit". The Nag Hammadi Scriptures. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780060523787.
12. ^ Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft5. Jahrgang 1997 diagonal-Verlag Ursula Spuler-Stegemann Der Engel Pfau zum Selbstvertändnis der Yezidi p. 14 (German)
13. ^ a b Gabriel. Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 5\. 1906. pp. 540–543. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
14. ^ a b Everson, David L. ""Gabriel Blow Your Horn! - A Short History of Gabriel within Jewish Literature", Xavier University, December 2009". bibleinterp.arizona.edu. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
15. ^ Scholem, Gershom Gerhard (1990). Origins of the Kabbalah. ISBN 0691020477. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
16. ^ Luke 1:10–20 KJV. (other versions: Luke 1:1–25)
17. ^ THE Dedication (Jesus' birth) "The priests serve 4 weeks per year: 1 week twice a year in courses, and the two week-long feasts, unleavened bread and tabernacles. Pentecost is a one-day observance, which would have come before Zacharias' (the 8th) course began, or at the latest, the 1st day of his course, which was from 12 thru 18 Sivan, or noon on the 19th, if Josephus is correct that courses changed at noon on the sabbaths." Josephus Antiquities b.7 ch.14 s.7 "eight days, from sabbath to sabbath." Josephus against Apion b.2 sect.8 "mid-day"
18. ^ Luke 1:26–38 KJV. (other versions: Luke 1:26–38)
19. ^ See also Easton's Bible Dictionary angel entry
20. ^ a b c d e S. Vernon McCasland, "Gabriel's Trumpet", Journal of Bible and Religion 9:3:159–161 (August 1941) JSTOR 1456405
21. ^ "Peace Hour (After Sunset)". orthodoxchristianity.net.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
22. ^ Walters MS 543, fol. 14.
23. ^ Milton, Paradise Lost, XI.72ff
24. ^ Nicar, Jim. "The Origins of "The Eyes of Texas"". Longhorn Band. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
25. ^ "The Catholic Directory, Ecclasiastical Register, and Almanac". 1856. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
26. ^ Drayson, Elizabeth (13 January 2016). The Lead Books of Granada. Palgrave Macmillan - 2013 edition. p. 3\. ISBN 978-1137358844.
27. ^ de Villegas, Alonso (1794). Flos sanctorum: historia general de la vida y hechos de Jesu-Christo... Spain: Imprenta de Isidro Aguasvivas. p. 250.
28. ^ The Irish Ecclesiastical Record. Browne and Nolan, 1886. 1886. p. 1112.
29. ^ Butler's Lives of the saints, vol. 1, edited by Herbert Thurston and Donald Attwater, Christian Classics, 1981 ISBN 9780870610455
30. ^ Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 119
31. ^ "Ιερό Κελλί "Άξιον Εστί"".
32. ^ Velimirovic, Bishop Nikolai (1985). "13 July: The Holy Archangel Gabriel". Prologue from Ochrid. Birmingham, UK: Lazarica Press. ISBN 978-0-948298-05-9. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 31 July 2007.
33. ^ "Calendar". St. Gregory the Great Orthodox Church. 11 January 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
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35. ^ "تذكار رئيس الملائكة الجليل جبرائيل "غبريال" - عيد سنكسار يوم 13 بؤونة، شهر بؤونة، الشهر القبطي". st-takla.org.
36. ^ Alex, Michael Ghaly -. "رئيس الملائكة الجليل جبرائيل - كتاب الملائكة". st-takla.org.
37. ^ Nega Mezlekia, Notes from the Hyena's Belly: An Ethiopian Childhood (New York: Picador, 2000), p. 266. ISBN 0-312-28914-6.
38. ^ a b c d e f Reynolds, Gabriel Said (2014). "Gabriel". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett K. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Vol. 3\. Leiden: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27359. ISBN 978-90-04-26962-0. ISSN 1873-9830.
39. ^ a b c Pedersen, Jan (1965). "D̲j̲abrāʾīl". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. J.; Heinrichs, W. P.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch.; Schacht, J. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Vol. 2\. Leiden: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1903. ISBN 978-90-04-16121-4.
40. ^ Luxenberg, Christoph. 2007. The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Koran. Verlag Hans Schiler. ISBN 9783899300888 p. 39
41. ^ Daniel 8.16, 9.21.
42. ^ Luke 1.26.
43. ^ Luke 1.19.
44. ^ Glasse, Cyril (2000). The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam. Lahore: Suhail Academy. p. 136\. ISBN 969-519-018-9.
45. ^ von Hammer-Purgstall, Josef. [1852] 2010. Die Geisterlehre der Moslimen [The Doctrine of Spirits of Muslims]. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek.
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47. ^ Noegel & Wheeler 2002, p. 218.
48. ^ Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar, approximately (2003). Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā'(Stories of the Prophets: [peace be upon them]) - Story of Zakariyyā (Zechariah) (2nd ed.). Riyadh. ISBN 9960892263.
49. ^ Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar, approximately (2003). Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā' (Stories of the Prophets : [peace be upon them]) - Story of ʻĪsá (Jesus) (2nd ed.). Riyadh. ISBN 9960892263.
50. ^ Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar, approximately (2003). Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā' (Stories of the Prophets : [peace be upon them]) - Story of Ismāʻīl (Ishmael) (2nd ed.). Riyadh. ISBN 9960892263.
51. ^ Ahmad Bahgat (2007). Ayu, Sudjilah (ed.). Nabi-Nabi Allah Kisah Para Nabi dan Rasul Allah dalam Al-Qur'an [Prophets of Allah Stories of the Prophets and Messengers of Allah in the Qur'an] (Religion / Islam / General, Religion / Islam / History) (in Indonesian and Arabic). Translated by Muhtadi Kadi; Musthofa Sukawi. Qisthi Press. p. 137\. ISBN 9789791303101. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
52. ^ Al-Suyuti (2021). Muhammad as Said Basyuni, Abu Hajir; Yasir, Muhammad (eds.). Misteri Alam Malaikat (Religion / Islam / General) (in Indonesian). Translated by Mishabul Munir. Pustaka al-Kautsar. p. 20. Retrieved 6 February 2022. "Quoting Ibnul Mubarak from a book of az-Zuhd; ad Durr al-Manshur, chain narration from Ibnul Mubarak to Ibn Shihab (1/92)"
53. ^ al-Yahsubi, Al-Qadi Iyad (2013). الشفا بتعريف حقوق المصطفى (ص) [عربي/انكليزي] ترجمة(Ash-Shifa : Healing Through Defining the Rights of Prophet Muhammad [may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him]) (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah. ISBN 978-2-745-16073-7.
54. ^ Issa, Islam. 2016. Milton in the Arab-Muslim World. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-09592-7. p. 111
55. ^ al-Misri, Mahmud (2015). Sahabat-Sahabat Rasulullah vol 1: Zubair bin Awwam [Companion of the Prophet vol 1: Zubair bin Awwam] (in Indonesian and Arabic). Pustaka Ibnu Katsir. p. Shaja'ah Zubayr ibn al-Awwam Radhiyallahu anh (bravery of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam; by Mahmud al-Misri [ar]; official Book review by Basalamah; quoting various supplementary sources such as Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Siyar A'lam Nubala, Al-Tirmidhi, Prophetic biography of Ibn Hisham, etc. ISBN 9789791294386. Retrieved 6 November 2021.-[:ar:محمود+المصري|ar];+official+Book+review+by+Basalamah;+quoting+various+supplementary+sources+such+as+Sahih+Bukhari,+Sahih+Muslim,+Siyar+A'lam+Nubala,+Al-Tirmidhi,+Prophetic+biography+of+Ibn+Hisham,+etc.&rft.pub=Pustaka+Ibnu+Katsir&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9789791294386&rft.aulast=al-Misri&rft.aufirst=Mahmud&rft_id=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS3644.slims-9450&rfr_id=info:sid/justapedia.org:Gabriel" class="Z3988">
56. ^ a b Hakim, Saifuddin (2015). "Apakah Malaikat Israfil Bertugas Meniup Sangkakala pada Hari Kiamat? (1)". Muslim.or.id (in Indonesian). Muslim.or.id. Retrieved 14 December 2021. "[ يا آدم بر حجك ] " ما يروى عن آدم -عليه السلام- أنه لما حج قالت له الملائكة: «يا آدم بر حجك»: غير ثابت. " [من فوائد جلسة مع طلبة العلم /16/ذو الحجة/1432 ] __________________ " ... فهل يحسن بنا وقد أنضينا قرائحنا في تعلم هذه السنة المطهرة، وبذلنا في العمل بها جهد المستطيع، وركبنا المخاطر في الدعوة إليها؛ هل يحسن بنا بعد هذا كله أن نسكت لهؤلاء عن هذه الدعوى الباطلة، ونوليهم منا ما تولوا ونبلعهم ريقهم، وهل يحسن بنا أن لا يكون لنا في الدفاع عنها ما كان منا في الدعوة إليها؟ إنا إذن لمقصرون!...""
57. ^ al-Nishapuri, al-Hakim. "Kitabu Ma'rifat Shahabatu Radhiyallahu Anhum: Gabriel, Michael and Israfil descend in the Battle of Badr.". al Mustadrak ala Sahihayn. Islamweb: Islamweb. Retrieved 13 December 2021. "4488 - Narrated Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ya'kub, through Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al Saadi , on the authority of Muhammad bin Khalid bin Athmah, on the authority of Musa bin Yaqub , who reported Abu Huwayrith , that Muhammad bin Jabir bin Mut'im, told him"
58. ^ Abu Hafs Umar bin Ali bin Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Anshari Al-Wadi Asyi Al-Andalusi At-Tukuruwi Al-Mishri Asy-Syafi`i, Sirajuddin. "كتاب مختصر تلخيص الذهبي" [kitab mukhtasar talkhis aldhahabii]. Islamweb. Islamweb. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
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60. ^ Qadhi, Yasir (2016). "Lives Of The Sahaba 39 – Az-Zubayr Ibn Al-Awwam – PT 01". Muslim Central Audio. Muslim Central Audio. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
61. ^ Bin Al-Hassan & Al-Dimashqi (2012, p. 622, Al-Zubayr told us, he said: And Abu Al-Makarram Uqbah bin Makram Al-Dhabi told me, Musab bin Salam Al-Tamimi told me, on the authority of Saad bin Tarif, on the authority of Abu Jaafar Muhammad bin Ali, he said: On the day of Badr, Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam had a yellow turban)
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63. ^ Abasoomar & Abasoomar 2016.
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## Further reading[edit | edit source]

* Abasoomar, Moulana Muhammad; Abasoomar, Moulana Haroon (2016). "Virtue of Sayyiduna Zubayr (radiyallahu 'anhu)". Hadith Answers. Darul Hadith. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
* Bin Al-Hassan, Abi Al-Qasim Ali; Al-Dimashqi, Ibn Asaker (2012). تاريخ مدينة دمشق 1-37 ج10 [History of the city of Damascus]. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية.
* Rizqullah, Ahmad Mahdi (2005). A Biography of the Prophet of Islam In the Light of the Original Sources, an Analytical Study · Volume 1. Darussalam Publishers. p. 410\. ISBN 9789960969022. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
* Bamberger, Bernard J. (2006). Fallen Angels: Soldiers of Satan's Realm. Philadelphia, PA: Jewish Publication Society. ISBN 978-0-8276-0797-2.
* Briggs, Constance Victoria (1997). The Encyclopedia of Angels: An A-to-Z Guide with Nearly 4,000 Entries. New York, NY: Plume. ISBN 978-0-452-27921-6.
* Bunson, Matthew (1996). Angels A to Z: A Who's Who of the Heavenly Host. New York, NY: Crown Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 0517885379.
* Cruz, Joan C. (1999). Angels and Devils. Rockford, IL: Tan Books & Publishers. ISBN 0-89555-638-3.
* Davidson, Gustav (1994). A Dictionary of Angels: Including the Fallen Angels. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0029070529.
* Dennis, Geoffrey (2007). The Encyclopedia of Jewish Myth, Magic, and Mysticism. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications. ISBN 9780738709055.
* Graham, Billy (1994). Angels: God's Secret Agents. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications. ISBN 9780849950742.
* Guiley, Rosemary (1996). "G". Encyclopedia of Angels (1st ed.). New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc. pp. 69–70. ISBN 0-8160-3825-2. LCCN 96-12009.
* Guiley, Rosemary (2004). Encyclopedia of Angels (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc. ISBN 9780816050239. LCCN 2003-60147.
* Kreeft, Peter J. (1995). Angels and Demons: What Do We Really Know About Them?. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press. ISBN 9780898705508.
* Lewis, James R.; Oliver, Evelyn Dorothy (2008-05-01). Angels A to Z (2nd ed.). Detroit, MI: Visible Ink Press. pp. 156–157. ISBN 978-1-578592-12-8.
* Melville, Francis (2001). The Book of Angels: Turn to Your Angels for Guidance, Comfort, and Inspiration (1st ed.). Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series. ISBN 978-0-7641-5403-4.
* Ronner, John (1993). Know Your Angels: The Angel Almanac With Biographies of 100 Prominent Angels in Legend & Folklore-And Much More!. Murfreesboro, TN: Mamre Press. ISBN 9780932945402.
* Noegel, Scott B.; Wheeler, Brannon M. (2002). Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810866102.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gabriel.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Gabriel.

* Archangel Correspondence. Archangel Gabriel, Angelic & Planetary Symbols. Last accessed 24 March 2017.
* Catholic Encyclopedia. St. Gabriel the Archangel. Last accessed 24 March 2017.
* Celdrán, José Alfredo González, and Ruck, Carl A. P. Daturas for the Virgin Archived 1 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine Last accessed 24 March 2017.
* Christian Art. Icons of the Archangel Gabriel. Last accessed 24 March 2017.
* Jewish Encyclopedia.com. Gabriel. Last accessed 24 March 2017.
* Hassett, Maurice. "Early Christian Representations of Angels." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. Last accessed 24 March 2017

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

New Testament people

Jesus Christ|

* In Christianity
* Historical
* Life of Jesus in the New Testament

Gospels|

| Individuals|

* Alphaeus
* Anna the Prophetess
* Annas
* Barabbas
* Bartimaeus
* Blind man (Bethsaida)
* Caiaphas
* Celidonius
* Cleopas
* Clopas
* Devil
* Penitent thief ("Dismas")
* Elizabeth
* Gabriel
* Impenitent thief ("Gestas")
* Jairus' daughter
* Joanna
* John the Baptist
* Joseph
* Joseph of Arimathea
* Jude
* Lazarus
* Legion
* Luke
* Lysanias
* Malchus
* Martha
* Mary, mother of Jesus
* Mary Magdalene
* Mary, mother of James
* Mary of Bethany
* Mary of Clopas
* Naked fugitive
* Son of Nain's widow
* Nicodemus (Nicodemus ben Gurion)
* Salome
* Samaritan woman
* Satan
* Simeon
* Simon, brother of Jesus
* Simon of Cyrene
* Simon the Leper
* Simon the Pharisee
* Susanna
* Syrophoenician woman
* Theophilus
* Zacchaeus
* Zebedee
* Zechariah

|

Multiple|

* people named James
* people named John
* people named Joseph (or Joses)
* people named Judas or Jude
* people named Mary
* people named Simon or Simeon

Groups|

* Angels
* Jesus's brothers
* Demons
* Disciples
* Evangelists
* Female disciples of Jesus
* God-fearers
* Herodians
* Magi
* Myrrhbearers
* Nameless
* Pharisees
* Proselytes
* Sadducees
* Samaritans
* Sanhedrin
* Scribes
* Seventy disciples
* Shepherds
* Women at the crucifixion
* Zealots

Apostles|

* Andrew
* Bartholomew
* Nathanael
* James, son of Alphaeus
* Less
* James, son of Zebedee
* John
* Evangelist
* Patmos
* "Disciple whom Jesus loved"
* Judas Iscariot
* Judas Thaddaeus
* Matthew
* Philip
* Simon Peter
* Simon the Zealot
* Thomas

Acts|

* Aeneas
* Agabus
* Ananias (Damascus)
* Ananias (Judaea)
* Ananias son of Nedebeus
* Apollos
* Aquila
* Aristarchus
* Barnabas
* Blastus
* Cornelius
* Damaris
* Demetrius
* Dionysius
* Dorcas
* Elymas
* Egyptian
* Ethiopian eunuch
* Eutychus
* Gamaliel
* James, brother of Jesus
* Jason
* Joseph Barsabbas
* Judas Barsabbas
* Judas of Galilee
* Lucius
* Luke
* Lydia
* Manaen
* (John) Mark
* Evangelist
* cousin of Barnabas
* Mary, mother of (John) Mark
* Matthias
* Mnason
* Nicanor
* Nicholas
* Parmenas
* Paul
* Philip
* Priscilla
* Prochorus
* Publius
* Rhoda
* Sapphira
* Sceva
* Seven Deacons
* Silas / Silvanus
* Simeon Niger
* Simon Magus
* Sopater
* Sosthenes
* Stephen
* Theudas
* Timothy
* Titus
* Trophimus
* Tychicus
* Zenas

Romans
Herod's family

| Gospels|

* Antipas
* Archelaus
* Herod the Great
* Herodias
* Longinus
* Philip
* Pilate
* Pilate's wife
* Quirinius
* Salome
* Tiberius

|

Acts|

* Agrippa
* Agrippa II
* Berenice
* Cornelius
* Drusilla
* Felix
* Festus
* Gallio
* Lysias
* Paullus

Epistles|

* Achaicus
* Alexander of Ephesus
* Alexander the Coppersmith
* Andronicus
* Archippus
* Aretas IV
* Artemas
* Carpus
* Claudia
* Crescens
* Demas
* Diotrephes
* Epaphras
* Epaphroditus
* Erastus
* Eunice
* Euodia and Syntyche
* Herodion
* Hymenaeus
* Jesus Justus
* Junia
* Linus
* Lois
* Mary
* Michael
* Nymphas
* Olympas
* Onesimus
* Onesiphorus
* Pudens
* Philemon
* Philetus
* Phoebe
* Quartus
* Sosipater
* Tertius
* Tryphena and Tryphosa

Revelation|

* Antipas
* Four Horsemen
* Apollyon
* Two witnesses
* Woman
* Beast
* Three Angels
* Whore of Babylon

* v
* t
* e

Christmas

* Blue Christmas
* Boxing Day
* Children's Day
* Christmas Eve
* Nochebuena
* Saint Nicholas Day
* St. Stephen's Day
* Sol Invictus
* Yule

Christianity|

* Biblical Magi
* Adoration of the Magi
* Adoration of the Shepherds
* Advent
* Angel Gabriel
* Annunciation
* Annunciation to the shepherds
* Baptism of the Lord
* Bethlehem
* Christingle
* Christmastide
* Epiphany
* Herod the Great
* Jesus
* Joseph
* Mary
* Massacre of the Innocents
* flight into Egypt
* Nativity Fast
* Nativity of Jesus
* in art
* in later culture
* Nativity scene
* Neapolitan
* Saint Lucy
* Star of Bethlehem
* Twelfth Night

In folklore

* Badalisc
* La Befana
* Caganer
* Christkind
* Grýla
* Jack Frost
* Korvatunturi
* Kallikantzaros
* Legend of the Christmas Spider
* Miner's figure
* Nisse
* North Pole
* Old Man Winter
* Perchta
* Santa's workshop
* Tió de Nadal
* Turoń
* Vertep
* Yule Cat
* Yule Lads

Gift-bringers

* Saint Nicholas
* Santa Claus
* Ded Moroz
* Father Christmas
* Joulupukki
* Julemanden
* Noel Baba
* Olentzero
* Père Noël
* Sinterklaas
* Others

Companions of
Saint Nicholas|

* Belsnickel
* Elves
* Knecht Ruprecht
* Krampus
* Mrs. Claus
* Père Fouettard
* Sack Man
* Santa's reindeer
* Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
* Snegurochka
* Zwarte Piet

Traditions|

* Advent calendar
* Advent candle
* Advent wreath
* Boar's Head Feast
* Candle arches
* Cards
* Carols by Candlelight
* Cavalcade of Magi
* Crackers
* Decorations
* Didukh
* Events and celebrations
* Feast of the Seven Fishes
* Flying Santa
* Gifts
* Google Santa Tracker
* Hampers
* Las Posadas
* Letters
* Lights
* Lord of Misrule
* Markets
* Meals and feasts
* Midnight Mass
* Moravian star
* Nine Lessons and Carols
* NORAD Tracks Santa
* Nutcrackers
* dolls
* Ornaments
* Parades
* list
* Piñatas
* Pyramids
* Räuchermann
* Seals
* Secret Santa
* Spanbaum
* Szopka
* Stamps
* Stockings
* Tree
* Twelve Days
* Wassailing
* Windows
* Yule goat
* Yule log

By country|

* Australia
* Denmark
* France
* Germany
* Nazi Germany
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Indonesia
* Ireland
* Italy
* Mexico
* New Zealand
* Norway
* Philippines
* Poland
* Romania
* Russia
* Scotland
* Serbia
* Sweden
* Ukraine
* United States
* American Civil War
* Hawaii
* New Mexico
* Puritan New England
* Post-War United States

Music|

* Carols
* list
* Hit singles in the UK
* Hit singles in the US
* Music books
* Carols for Choirs
* The Oxford Book of Carols
* The New Oxford Book of Carols
* Piae Cantiones

Other media|

* In literature
* novels
* A Christmas Carol
* Films (Christmas, Santa)
* Poetry
* "Old Santeclaus with Much Delight"
* "A Visit from St. Nicholas"
* Television
* specials
* Yule Log

modern
society|

* Advent Conspiracy
* Black Friday (partying)
* Black Friday (shopping)
* Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
* Christmas and holiday season
* Christmas club
* Christmas creep
* Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
* Christmas Lectures
* Christmas Mountains
* Christmas truce
* Controversies
* Cyber Monday
* Economics
* Giving Tuesday
* Grinch
* El Gordo
* Jews and Christmas
* In July
* In August
* NBA games
* NFL games
* SantaCon
* Santa's Candy Castle
* Scrooge
* Small Business Saturday
* Super Saturday
* Ugly sweaters
* Virginia O'Hanlon ("Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus")
* White Christmas
* Winter festivals
* WWE Tribute to the Troops
* Xmas

Food and
drink|

| Dinner|

* Joulupöytä
* Julebord
* Kūčios
* Réveillon
* Thirteen desserts
* Twelve-dish supper
* Smörgåsbord
* Wigilia

|

Sweets|

* Candy cane
* Cake
* Cookie
* Cozonac
* Fruitcake
* Gingerbread
* Kutia
* Makówki
* Melomakarono
* Mince pie
* Pampushka
* Panettone
* Pavlova
* Pecan pie
* Pumpkin pie
* Qurabiya
* Red velvet cake
* Stollen
* Szaloncukor
* Turrón
* Yule log

Soup|

* Menudo
* Borscht

Sauces|

* Bread sauce
* Cranberry sauce

Beverages|

* Apple cider
* Champurrado
* Eggnog
* Kissel
* Mulled wine
* Smoking Bishop
* Ponche crema

Dumplings|

* Hallaca
* Pierogi
* Tamale
* Varenyky

Meat and fish|

* Carp
* Gefilte fish
* Ham
* Roast goose
* Romeritos
* Turkey
* Stuffing
* Tourtière (meat pie)

* Category
*   * Commons

* v
* t
* e

Book of Daniel

Bible chapters|

* Daniel 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* Additions to Daniel

Places|

* Babylon
* Susa

People|

* Abednego
* Belshazzar
* Cyrus
* Daniel
* Darius
* Gabriel
* Meshach
* Michael
* Nebuchadnezzar
* Shadrach
* Jehoiakim

Terms|

* Abomination of desolation
* Belshazzar's feast
* Four kingdoms
* Lion's den
* Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
* Territorial spirit

Sources|

* Hebrew Bible
* Septuagint
* Latin Vulgate
* Wycliffe Version
* King James Version
* American Standard Version
* World English Version

<- Book of Ezekiel (chapter 48) in Christian Bibles
Book of Esther (chapter 10) in the Hebrew Bible

Book of Hosea (chapter 1) in Christian Bibles
Ezra–Nehemiah (chapter 1) in the Hebrew Bible ->

* v
* t
* e

People and things in the Quran

Characters

Non-humans

* Allāh ('The God')
* Names of Allah found in the Quran, such as Karīm (Generous)

| Animals|

| Related|

* The baqarah (cow) of Israelites
* The dhiʾb (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph
* The fīl (elephant) of the Abyssinians
* Ḥimār (Domesticated donkey)
* The hud-hud (hoopoe) of Solomon
* The kalb (dog) of the sleepers of the cave
* The namlah (female ant) of Solomon
* The nūn (fish or whale) of Jonah
* The nāqat (she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ

|

Non-related|

* ʿAnkabūt (Female spider)
* Dābbat al-Arḍ (Beast of the Earth)
* Ḥimār (Wild ass)
* Naḥl (Honey bee)
* Qaswarah ('Lion', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')

Malāʾikah (Angels)|

* Angels of Hell
* Mālik
* Zabāniyah
* Bearers of the Throne
* Harut and Marut
* Kirāman Kātibīn (Honourable Scribes)
* Raqib
* Atid
* Munkar and Nakir
* Riḍwan

| Archangels|

* Jibrīl (Gabriel, chief)
* Ar-Rūḥ ('The Spirit')
* Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn ('The Trustworthy Spirit')
* Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus ('The Holy Spirit')
* Angel of the Trumpet (Isrāfīl or Raphael)
* Malakul-Mawt (Angel of Death, Azrael)
* Mīkāil (Michael)

|

Jinn (Genies)|

* Jann
* ʿIfrīt
* Qarīn
* Sila

Shayāṭīn (Demons)|

* Iblīs ash-Shayṭān (the (chief) Devil)
* Mārid ('Rebellious one')

Others|

* Ghilmān or Wildān
* Ḥūr

Prophets

| Mentioned|

* Ādam (Adam)
* Al-Yasaʿ (Elisha)
* Ayyūb (Job)
* Dāwūd (David)
* Dhūl-Kifl (Ezekiel?)
* Hārūn (Aaron)
* Hūd (Eber?)
* Idrīs (Enoch?)
* Ilyās (Elijah)
* ʿImrān (Joachim the father of Maryam)
* Isḥāq (Isaac)
* Ismāʿīl (Ishmael)
* Dhabih Ullah
* Lūṭ (Lot)
* Ṣāliḥ
* Shuʿayb (Jethro, Reuel or Hobab?)
* Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd (Solomon son of David)
* ʿUzair (Ezra?)
* Yaḥyā ibn Zakariyyā (John the Baptist the son of Zechariah)
* Yaʿqūb (Jacob)
* Isrāʾīl (Israel)
* Yūnus (Jonah)
* Dhūn-Nūn ('He of the Fish (or Whale)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')
* Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt ('Companion of the Whale')
* Yūsuf ibn Ya‘qūb (Joseph son of Jacob)
* Zakariyyā (Zechariah)

| Ulul-ʿAzm
('Those of the
Perseverance
and Strong Will')|

* Muḥammad
* Aḥmad
* Other names and titles of Muhammad
* ʿĪsā (Jesus)
* Al-Masīḥ (The Messiah)
* Ibn Maryam (Son of Mary)
* Mūsā Kalīmullāh (Moses He who spoke to God)
* Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh (Abraham Friend of God)
* Nūḥ (Noah)

|

Debatable ones|

* Dhūl-Qarnain
* Luqmān
* Maryam (Mary)
* Ṭālūt (Saul or Gideon?)

Implied|

* Irmiyā (Jeremiah)
* Ṣamūʾīl (Samuel)
* Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)

People of Prophets

| Good ones|

* Adam's immediate relatives
* Martyred son
* Wife
* Believer of Ya-Sin
* Family of Noah
* Father Lamech
* Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos
* Luqman's son
* People of Abraham
* Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo
* Ishmael's mother
* Isaac's mother
* People of Jesus
* Disciples (including Peter)
* Mary's mother
* Zechariah's wife
* People of Solomon
* Mother
* Queen of Sheba
* Vizier
* Zayd (Muhammad's adopted son)

| People of
Joseph|

* Brothers (including Binyāmin (Benjamin) and Simeon)
* Egyptians
* ʿAzīz (Potiphar, Qatafir or Qittin)
* Malik (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))
* Wife of ʿAzīz (Zulaykhah)
* Mother

|

People of
Aaron and Moses|

* Egyptians
* Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)
* Imraʾat Firʿawn (Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim the Wife of Pharaoh, who adopted Moses)
* Magicians of the Pharaoh
* Wise, pious man
* Moses' wife
* Moses' sister-in-law
* Mother
* Sister

Evil ones|

* Āzar (possibly Terah)
* Firʿawn (Pharaoh of Moses' time)
* Hāmān
* Jālūt (Goliath)
* Qārūn (Korah, cousin of Moses)
* As-Sāmirī
* Abū Lahab
* Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)

Implied or
not specified|

* Abraha
* Abu Bakr
* Bal'am/Balaam
* Barṣīṣā
* Caleb or Kaleb the companion of Joshua
* Luqman's son
* Nebuchadnezzar II
* Nimrod
* Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
* Shaddad

Groups

| Mentioned|

* Aṣḥāb al-Jannah
* People of Paradise
* People of the Burnt Garden
* Aṣḥāb as-Sabt (Companions of the Sabbath)
* Jesus' apostles
* Ḥawāriyyūn (Disciples of Jesus)
* Companions of Noah's Ark
* Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm (Companions of the Cave and Al-Raqaim?
* Companions of the Elephant
* People of al-Ukhdūd
* People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin
* People of Yathrib or Medina
* Qawm Lūṭ (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)
* Nation of Noah

| Tribes,
ethnicities
or families|

* ‘Ajam
* Ar-Rūm (literally 'The Romans')
* Banī Isrāʾīl (Children of Israel)
* Muʾtafikāt (Sodom and Gomorrah)
* People of Ibrahim
* People of Ilyas
* People of Nuh
* People of Shuaib
* Ahl Madyan People of Madyan)
* Aṣḥāb al-Aykah ('Companions of the Wood')
* Qawm Yūnus (People of Jonah)
* Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog
* People of Fir'aun
* Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)
* Aṣḥāb Muḥammad (Companions of Muhammad)
* Anṣār (literally 'Helpers')
* Muhajirun (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)
* People of Mecca
* Wife of Abu Lahab
* Children of Ayyub
* Sons of Adam
* Wife of Nuh
* Wife of Lut
* Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj (Gog and Magog)
* Son of Nuh

Aʿrāb (Arabs
or Bedouins)|

* ʿĀd (people of Hud)
* Companions of the Rass
* Qawm Tubbaʿ (People of Tubba)
* People of Sabaʾ or Sheba
* Quraysh
* Thamūd (people of Ṣāliḥ)
* Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr ('Companions of the Stoneland')

Ahl al-Bayt
('People of the
Household')|

* Household of Abraham
* Brothers of Yūsuf
* Lot's daughters
* Progeny of Imran
* Household of Moses
* Household of Muhammad
* ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim
* Daughters of Muhammad
* Muhammad's wives
* Household of Salih

Implicitly
mentioned|

* Amalek
* Ahl as-Suffa (People of the Verandah)
* Banu Nadir
* Banu Qaynuqa
* Banu Qurayza
* Iranian people
* Umayyad Dynasty
* Aus and Khazraj
* People of Quba

Religious
groups|

* Ahl al-Dhimmah
* Kāfirūn
* disbelievers
* Majūs Zoroastrians
* Munāfiqūn (Hypocrites)
* Muslims
* Believers
* Ahl al-Kitāb (People of the Book)
* Naṣārā (Christian(s) or People of the Injil)
* Ruhban (Christian monks)
* Qissis (Christian priest)
* Yahūd (Jews)
* Ahbār (Jewish scholars)
* Rabbani/Rabbi
* Sabians
* Polytheists
* Meccan polytheists at the time of Muhammad
* Mesopotamian polytheists at the time of Abraham and Lot

Locations

Mentioned|

* Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah ('The Holy Land')
* 'Blessed' Land'
* Al-Jannah (Paradise, literally 'The Garden')
* Jahannam (Hell)
* Door of Hittah
* Madyan (Midian)
* Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn
* Miṣr (Mainland Egypt)
* Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)

| In the
Arabian Peninsula
(excluding Madyan)|

* Al-Aḥqāf ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills')
* Iram dhāt al-ʿImād (Iram of the Pillars)
* Al-Madīnah (formerly Yathrib)
* ʿArafāt and Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
* Al-Ḥijr (Hegra)
* Badr
* Ḥunayn
* Makkah (Mecca)
* Bakkah
* Ḥaraman Āminan ('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')
* Kaʿbah (Kaaba)
* Maqām Ibrāhīm (Station of Abraham)
* Safa and Marwa
* Sabaʾ (Sheba)
* ʿArim Sabaʾ (Dam of Sheba)
* Rass

|

Sinai Region or Tīh Desert|

* Al-Wād Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan (The Holy Valley of Tuwa)
* Al-Wādil-Ayman (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and Mount Sinai)
* Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah ('The Blessed Place')
* Mount Sinai or Mount Tabor

In Mesopotamia|

* Al-Jūdiyy
* Munzalanm-Mubārakan ('Place-of-Landing Blessed')
* Bābil (Babylon)
* Qaryat Yūnus ('Township of Jonah,' that is Nineveh)

Religious
locations|

* Bayʿa (Church)
* Miḥrāb
* Monastery
* Masjid (Mosque, literally 'Place of Prostration')
* Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām ('The Sacred Grove')
* Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā (Al-Aqsa Mosque, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')
* Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred Mosque of Mecca)
* Masjid al-Dirar
* A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly:
* Masjid Qubāʾ (Quba Mosque)
* The Prophet's Mosque
* Salat (Synagogue)

Implied|

* Antioch
* Antakya
* Arabia
* Al-Ḥijāz (literally 'The Barrier')
* Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad (Black Stone) & Al-Hijr of Isma'il
* Cave of Hira
* Ghār ath-Thawr (Cave of the Bull)
* Hudaybiyyah
* Ta'if
* Ayla
* Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
* Bayt al-Muqaddas & 'Ariha
* Bilād ar-Rāfidayn (Mesopotamia)
* Canaan
* Cave of Seven Sleepers
* Dār an-Nadwa
* Jordan River
* Nile River
* Palestine River
* Paradise of Shaddad

Events, incidents, occasions or times

* Incident of Ifk
* Laylat al-Qadr (Night of Decree)
* Event of Mubahala
* Sayl al-ʿArim (Flood of the Great Dam of Ma'rib in Sheba)
* The Farewell Pilgrimage
* Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

| Battles or
military expeditions|

* Battle of al-Aḥzāb ('the Confederates')
* Battle of Badr
* Battle of Hunayn
* Battle of Khaybar
* Battle of Uhud
* Expedition of Tabuk
* Conquest of Mecca

|

Days|

* Al-Jumuʿah (The Friday)
* As-Sabt (The Sabbath or Saturday)
* Days of battles
* Days of Hajj
* Doomsday

Months of the
Islamic calendar|

* 12 months: Four holy months
* Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred or Forbidden Month)
* Ramaḍān

Pilgrimages|

* Al-Ḥajj (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)
* Al-ʿUmrah (The Lesser Pilgrimage)

Times for prayer
or remembrance|

Times for Duʿāʾ ('Invocation'), Ṣalāh and Dhikr ('Remembrance', including Taḥmīd ('Praising'), Takbīr and Tasbīḥ):

* Al-ʿAshiyy (The Afternoon or the Night)
* Al-Ghuduww ('The Mornings')
* Al-Bukrah ('The Morning')
* Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ ('The Morning')
* Al-Layl ('The Night')
* Al-ʿIshāʾ ('The Late-Night')
* Aẓ-Ẓuhr ('The Noon')
* Dulūk ash-Shams ('Decline of the Sun')
* Al-Masāʾ ('The Evening')
* Qabl al-Ghurūb ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)')
* Al-Aṣīl ('The Afternoon')
* Al-ʿAṣr ('The Afternoon')
* Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams ('Before the rising of the Sun')
* Al-Fajr ('The Dawn')

Implied|

* Ghadir Khumm
* Laylat al-Mabit
* The first pilgrimage

Other

Holy books|

* Al-Injīl (The Gospel of Jesus)
* Al-Qurʾān (The Book of Muhammad)
* Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm (Scroll(s) of Abraham)
* At-Tawrāt (The Torah)
* Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā (Scroll(s) of Moses)
* Tablets of Stone
* Az-Zabūr (The Psalms of David)
* Umm al-Kitāb ('Mother of the Book(s)')

Objects
of people
or beings|

* Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles
* Noah's Ark
* Staff of Musa
* Tābūt as-Sakīnah (Casket of Shekhinah)
* Throne of Bilqis
* Trumpet of Israfil

| Mentioned idols
(cult images)|

* 'Ansāb
* Jibt and Ṭāghūt (False god)

| Of Israelites|

* Baʿal
* The ʿijl (golden calf statue) of Israelites

|

Of Noah's people|

* Nasr
* Suwāʿ
* Wadd
* Yaghūth
* Yaʿūq

Of Quraysh|

* Al-Lāt
* Al-ʿUzzā
* Manāt

Celestial
bodies|

Maṣābīḥ (literally 'lamps'):

* Al-Qamar (The Moon)
* Kawākib (Planets)
* Al-Arḍ (The Earth)
* Nujūm (Stars)
* Ash-Shams (The Sun)

Plant matter|

* Baṣal (Onion)
* Fūm (Garlic or wheat)
* Shaṭʾ (Shoot)
* Sūq (Plant stem)
* Zarʿ (Seed)

| Fruits|

* ʿAdas (Lentil)
* Baql (Herb)
* Qith-thāʾ (Cucumber)
* Rummān (Pomegranate)
* Tīn (Fig)
* Zaytūn (Olive)
* In Paradise
* Forbidden fruit of Adam

|

Bushes, trees
or plants|

* Plants of Sheba
* Athl (Tamarisk)
* Sidr (Lote-tree)
* Līnah (Tender Palm tree)
* Nakhl (Date palm)
* Sidrat al-Muntahā
* Zaqqūm

Liquids|

* Māʾ (Water or fluid)
* Nahr (River)
* Yamm (River or sea)
* Sharāb (Drink)

Note: Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

* v
* t
* e

Angels in Abrahamic religions

Angels in
Judaism|

| Individuals|

* Michael
* Gabriel
* Raphael
* Uriel
* Angel of the Lord
* Angel of the Presence
* Destroying Angel
* Azrael
* Ariel
* Arariel
* Azazel
* Camael
* Cassiel
* Dobiel
* Dumah
* Eisheth
* Hadraniel
* Haniel
* Jerahmeel
* Jophiel
* Kushiel
* Lailah
* Mastema
* Metatron
* Nuriel
* Pravuil
* Raziel
* Sachiel
* Samael
* Samyaza
* Sandalphon
* Tzaphqiel
* Yahoel
* Zadkiel
* Zerachiel

|

Groups|

* Seraphim
* Chayot
* Ophanim
* Cherubim
* Hashmallim
* Ishim
* Sons of God
* Recording angels

Angels in
Christianity|

| Individuals|

* Michael
* Gabriel
* Abaddon
* Raphael
* Uriel
* Ariel
* Azazel
* Sariel
* Sandalphon
* Raguel
* Ramiel
* Selaphiel
* Barachiel
* Jegudiel
* Camael
* Guardian Angel of Portugal
* Jerahmeel
* Jophiel
* Metatron
* Samyaza
* Pravuil
* Sachiel
* Zadkiel
* Sarathiel
* Zerachiel
* Phanuel
* Aker
* Gabuthelon
* Arphugitonos
* Beburos
* Zebuleon
* Daniel
* Kerubiel
* Kokabiel
* Kushiel
* Leliel
* Muriel
* Pahaliah
* Seraphiel
* Shamsiel
* Chazaqiel

|

Groups|

* Archangels
* Seraphim
* Ophanim
* Cherubim
* Thrones
* Dominions
* Virtues
* Powers
* Principalities
* Recording angels
* Guardian angels

Angels in
Islam|

| Individuals|

* Mikha'il
* Jibra'il (Holy Spirit)
* Israfil
* Azazil
* Azra'il
* Artiya'il
* Darda'il
* Dumah
* Habib
* Harut and Marut
* Kalqa'il
* Maalik
* Mitatrun
* Munkar and Nakir
* Riḍwan

|

Groups|

* Archangels
* Bearers of the Throne
* Cherubim
* Darda'il
* Hafaza
* Mu'aqqibat
* Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt
* Nineteen Angels of Hell
* Praying angels
* Recording angels
* Seraphim

Uthras (angels) in
Mandaeism|

| Individuals|

* Yushamin
* Abatur
* Ptahil
* Hibil
* Shitil
* Anush
* Sam Ziwa
* Manda d-Hayyi
* Shilmai
* Nidbai
* Adathan and Yadathan
* Yufin-Yufafin
* Urfeil and Marfeil
* Tar and Tarwan
* Bihram
* Zihrun
* Etinsib Ziwa
* Nbat
* Nsab
* Gubran
* Shihlun
* Yurba
* Yawar Ziwa
* Simat Hayyi
* Saureil

|

Groups|

* Niṭufta
* Gupna
* (Ziwa)

Related|

* Angel Moroni*
* Hierarchy of angels
* Heavenly host
* Seven Archangels
* Three Angels' Messages
* Watcher
* Fallen angels
* List of angels in theology
* Ambiguous
* Chalkydri
* Elioud
* Nephilim
* Teraphim

In culture|

* Art
* Film

* v
* t
* e

Saints of the Catholic Church

Congregation for the Causes of Saints
Stages of canonization: Servant of God →  Venerable →  Blessed →  Saint

Virgin Mary|

* Mother of God (Theotokos)
* Immaculate Conception
* Perpetual virginity
* Assumption
* Marian apparition
* Titles of Mary
* Joseph (husband)

Apostles|

* Andrew
* Barnabas
* Bartholomew
* James of Alphaeus
* James the Great
* John
* Jude
* Matthew
* Matthias
* Paul
* Peter
* Philip
* Simon
* Thomas

Archangels|

* Gabriel
* Michael in the Catholic Church
* Raphael

Confessors|

* Anatolius
* Anthony of Kiev
* Athanasius the Confessor
* Chariton the Confessor
* Dominic
* Edward the Confessor
* Francis of Assisi
* Francis Borgia
* Homobonus
* Lazarus Zographos
* Louis Bertrand
* Maximus the Confessor
* Michael of Synnada
* Paphnutius the Confessor
* Paul I of Constantinople
* Peter Claver
* Salonius
* Sergius of Radonezh
* Seraphim of Sarov
* Theophanes the Confessor

Disciples|

* Apollos
* Mary Magdalene
* Priscilla and Aquila
* Silvanus
* Stephen
* Timothy
* Titus
* Seventy disciples

Doctors of the Church|

* Gregory the Great
* Ambrose
* Augustine of Hippo
* Jerome
* John Chrysostom
* Basil of Caesarea
* Gregory of Nazianzus
* Athanasius of Alexandria
* Cyril of Alexandria
* Cyril of Jerusalem
* John of Damascus
* Bede the Venerable
* Ephrem the Syrian
* Thomas Aquinas
* Bonaventure
* Anselm of Canterbury
* Isidore of Seville
* Peter Chrysologus
* Leo the Great
* Peter Damian
* Bernard of Clairvaux
* Hilary of Poitiers
* Alphonsus Liguori
* Francis de Sales
* Peter Canisius
* John of the Cross
* Robert Bellarmine
* Albertus Magnus
* Anthony of Padua
* Lawrence of Brindisi
* Teresa of Ávila
* Catherine of Siena
* Thérèse of Lisieux
* John of Ávila
* Hildegard of Bingen
* Gregory of Narek
* Irenaeus

Evangelists|

* Matthew
* Mark
* Luke
* John

Church
Fathers|

* Alexander of Alexandria
* Alexander of Jerusalem
* Ambrose of Milan
* Anatolius
* Athanasius of Alexandria
* Augustine of Hippo
* Caesarius of Arles
* Caius
* Cappadocian Fathers
* Clement of Alexandria
* Clement of Rome
* Cyprian of Carthage
* Cyril of Alexandria
* Cyril of Jerusalem
* Damasus I
* Desert Fathers
* Desert Mothers
* Dionysius of Alexandria
* Dionysius of Corinth
* Dionysius
* Ephrem the Syrian
* Epiphanius of Salamis
* Fulgentius of Ruspe
* Gregory the Great
* Gregory of Nazianzus
* Gregory of Nyssa
* Hilary of Poitiers
* Hippolytus of Rome
* Ignatius of Antioch
* Irenaeus of Lyons
* Isidore of Seville
* Jerome of Stridonium
* John Chrysostom
* John of Damascus
* Maximus the Confessor
* Melito of Sardis
* Quadratus of Athens
* Papias of Hierapolis
* Peter Chrysologus
* Polycarp of Smyrna
* Theophilus of Antioch
* Victorinus of Pettau
* Vincent of Lérins
* Zephyrinus

Martyrs|

* Abda and Abdjesus
* Charles de Foucauld
* Canadian Martyrs
* Carthusian Martyrs
* Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala
* Christina of Persia
* Devasahayam Pillai
* Dismas the Good Thief
* Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
* Four Crowned Martyrs
* Gerard of Csanád
* Great Martyr
* The Holy Innocents
* Irish Martyrs
* John Fisher
* Korean Martyrs
* Lorenzo Ruiz
* Martyrs of Lübeck
* Luigi Versiglia
* Martyrology
* Martyrs of Albania
* Martyrs of Algeria
* Martyrs of Cajonos
* Martyrs of Drina
* Martyrs of China
* Martyrs of Gorkum
* Martyrs of Japan
* Martyrs of La Rioja
* Martyrs of Laos
* Martyrs of Natal
* Martyrs of Otranto
* Martyrs of Prague
* Martyrs of Sandomierz
* Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War
* Martyrs of Zenta
* Maximilian Kolbe
* Óscar Romero
* Pedro Calungsod
* Perpetua and Felicity
* Peter Chanel
* Pietro Parenzo
* Philomena
* Saints of the Cristero War
* Stephen
* Teresa Benedicta of the Cross
* Titus Brandsma
* Thomas Becket
* Thomas More
* Three Martyrs of Chimbote
* Uganda Martyrs
* Vietnamese Martyrs
* Valentine of Rome
* Victor and Corona
* Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia

Missionaries|

* Augustine of Canterbury
* Boniface
* Damien of Molokai
* Evermode of Ratzeburg
* Francis Xavier
* François de Laval
* Gregory the Illuminator
* Junípero Serra
* Nico of Georgia
* Patrick of Ireland
* Remigius

Patriarchs|

* Adam
* Abel
* Abraham
* Isaac
* Jacob
* Joseph
* Joseph (father of Jesus)
* David
* Noah
* Solomon
* Matriarchs

Popes|

* Adeodatus I
* Adeodatus II
* Adrian III
* Agapetus I
* Agatho
* Alexander I
* Anacletus
* Anastasius I
* Anicetus
* Anterus
* Benedict II
* Boniface I
* Boniface IV
* Caius
* Callixtus I
* Celestine I
* Celestine V
* Clement I
* Cornelius
* Damasus I
* Dionysius
* Eleuterus
* Eugene I
* Eusebius
* Eutychian
* Evaristus
* Fabian
* Felix I
* Felix III
* Felix IV
* Gelasius I
* Gregory I
* Gregory II
* Gregory III
* Gregory VII
* Hilarius
* Hormisdas
* Hyginus
* Innocent I
* John I
* John XXIII
* John Paul II
* Julius I
* Leo I
* Leo II
* Leo III
* Leo IV
* Leo IX
* Linus
* Lucius I
* Marcellinus
* Marcellus I
* Mark
* Martin I
* Miltiades
* Nicholas I
* Paschal I
* Paul I
* Paul VI
* Peter
* Pius I
* Pius V
* Pius X
* Pontian
* Sergius I
* Silverius
* Simplicius
* Siricius
* Sixtus I
* Sixtus II
* Sixtus III
* Soter
* Stephen I
* Stephen IV
* Sylvester I
* Symmachus
* Telesphorus
* Urban I
* Victor I
* Vitalian
* Zachary
* Zephyrinus
* Zosimus

Prophets|

* Agabus
* Amos
* Anna
* Baruch ben Neriah
* David
* Elijah
* Ezekiel
* Habakkuk
* Haggai
* Hosea
* Isaiah
* Jeremiah
* Job
* Joel
* John the Baptist
* Jonah
* Judas Barsabbas
* Malachi
* Melchizedek
* Micah
* Moses
* Nahum
* Obadiah
* Samuel
* Seven Maccabees and their mother
* Simeon
* Zechariah (prophet)
* Zechariah (NT)
* Zephaniah

Virgins|

* Agatha of Sicily
* Agnes of Rome
* Angela of the Cross
* Æthelthryth
* Bernadette Soubirous
* Catherine of Bologna
* Brigid of Kildare
* Catherine Labouré
* Catherine of Siena
* Cecilia
* Clare of Assisi
* Eulalia of Mérida
* Euphemia
* Faustina Kowalska
* Faustina and Liberata of Como
* Genevieve
* Hiltrude of Liessies
* Joan of Arc
* Kateri Tekakwitha
* Lucy of Syracuse
* Maria Goretti
* María de las Maravillas de Jesús
* Narcisa de Jesús
* Patricia of Naples
* Rosalia
* Rose of Lima
* Teresa of the Andes
* Teresa of Calcutta
* Trasilla and Emiliana
* Ubaldesca Taccini

See also|

* Calendar of saints
* Congregation for the Causes of Saints
* Four Holy Marshals
* Fourteen Holy Helpers
* Military saints
* Athleta Christi
* Miles Christianus
* Church Militant
* Seven Champions
* Virtuous pagan

*   *

* v
* t
* e

Coptic saints

Patriarchs|

* Abraham
* Isaac
* Jacob
* Joseph

Coptic cross

Prophets|

* Moses
* Job
* Samuel
* David
* Hosea
* Amos
* Micah
* Joel
* Obadiah
* Jonah
* Nahum
* Noah
* Habakkuk
* Zephaniah
* Haggai
* Zechariah
* Malachi
* Isaiah
* Jeremiah
* Baruch
* Ezekiel
* Daniel
* John the Baptist

Theotokos|

* Mary, Our Lady of
* Assiut
* Warraq
* Zeitoun

Seven Archangels|

* Michael
* Gabriel
* Raphael
* Suriel
* Zedekiel
* Sarathiel
* Aniel

Apostles|

* Andrew
* Bartholomew
* James, son of Alphaeus
* James, son of Zebedee
* John
* Jude
* Matthew
* Matthias
* Paul
* Peter
* Philip
* Simon
* Thomas

Disciples|

* Apollos
* Barnabas
* Mary Magdalene
* Phoebe the Deaconess
* Philemon
* Priscilla and Aquila
* Silvanus
* Stephen
* Timothy
* Titus
* Seventy disciples

Evangelists|

* Matthew
* Mark
* Luke
* John

Martyrs|

* 21 martyrs in Libya
* Abāmūn
* Abāmūn
* Abanoub
* Abaskhiron
* Alexandrian Martyrs
* Arianus
* Apollonia
* Barbara
* Bashnouna
* Basilides and Potamiana
* Catherine
* Chrysanthus and Daria
* Chiaffredo
* Colluthus
* Cosmas and Damian
* Cyprian and Justina
* Cyrus and John
* Dasya
* Demiana
* Dorothea
* Elias and companions
* Epimachus
* Faustus, Abibus and Dionysius
* Felix and Regula
* Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly
* Gallicanus
* George
* George Bishop of Assiut
* George El Mozahem
* Gereon
* Hor, Besoy, and Daydara
* Imbaba Martyrs
* Isaac of Dafra
* John of Senhout
* Kosheh martyrs
* Malati
* Marina the Martyr
* Maspero Martyrs
* Maurice
* Memnon
* Menas
* Mohrael
* Moura
* Nag Hammadi
* Otimus
* Philomena
* Philotheos
* Rais
* Sarah
* Sidhom Bishay
* Theban Legion
* Thecla
* Theoclia
* Theodora and Didymus
* Theodore Stratelates
* Varus
* Veronica
* Wadamoun
* Wanas

Popes|

* Mark I
* Anianus
* Avilius
* Kedron
* Justus
* Eumenes
* Markianos
* Celadion
* Agrippinus
* Julian
* Demetrius I
* Heraclas
* Dionysius
* Theonas
* Felix of Rome
* Peter I
* Alexander I
* Athanasius I
* Peter II
* Timothy I
* Theophilus I
* Cyril I
* Dioscorus I
* Timothy II
* Peter III
* Dioscorus II
* Timothy III
* Theodosius I
* Peter IV
* Damian
* Anastasius
* Andronicus
* Benjamin I
* Agathon
* Simeon I
* Alexander II
* Theodore I
* Michael I
* John IV
* Mark II
* James
* Simeon II
* Joseph I
* Michael II
* Cosmas II
* Michael III
* Gabriel I
* Cosmas III
* Abraham
* Zacharias
* Cyril II
* Macarius II
* Matthew I
* Gabriel VII
* John XIV
* Cyril V
* Macarius III
* Cyril VI

Bishops|

* Abadiu of Antinoe
* Abraam of Faiyum
* Alexander of Jerusalem
* Amun of Scetes
* Basil of Caesarea
* Cyril of Jerusalem
* Epiphanius of Cyprus
* Eusebius of Caesarea
* Gregory of Nazianzus
* Gregory of Nyssa
* Gregory of Neocaesarea
* Ignatius of Antioch
* Jacob of Nisibis
* James of Jerusalem
* John of Nikiû
* John of Jerusalem
* Karas of California
* Mikhaeil of Asyut
* Narcissus of Jerusalem
* Nicholas of Myra
* Paphnutius of Scetes
* Paphnutius of Thebes
* Polycarp of Smyrna
* Porphyry of Gaza
* Psote of Ebsay
* Serapion of Thmuis
* Severian of Gabala
* Yousab el-Abah of Girga

Monks and nuns|

* Abdel Messih El-Makari
* Abib and Apollo
* Abraham of Farshut
* Abraham of Scetes
* Amun
* Anthony the Great
* Awgin
* Bashnouna
* Hilarion
* Hospitius
* Mother Irini
* Isaac of Nineveh
* Isidore of Pelusium
* John Climacus
* John the Dwarf
* Macarius of Alexandria
* Macarius of Egypt
* Marina the Monk
* Moses the Black
* Nilus of Sinai
* Pachomius the Great
* Pambo
* Parsoma
* Patapios
* Paul of Thebes
* Paul of Tammah
* Paul the Simple
* Pishoy
* Poemen
* Samuel the Confessor
* Sisoes the Great
* Tekle Haymanot
* Theodorus of Tabennese
* Theodora of Alexandria

Anchorites|

* Karas
* Mary
* Misael
* Onuphrius
* Paphnutius
* Paul
* Pijimi
* Shenouda
* Thomas
* Zosimas

Other saints|

* Ambrose
* Clement of Alexandria
* Didymus the Blind
* Euphrosyne
* Habib Girgis
* Candidus
* Simon the Tanner
* Three Holy Children
* Maximus and Domatius
* Verena

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