Gulf Coast of the United States

"Gulf Coast" redirects here. For other uses, see Gulf Coast (disambiguation).

Coastline in the United States

Gulf Coast

Coastline

States that border the Gulf of Mexico are shown in red.

States that border the Gulf of Mexico are shown in red.

Country|  United States
States| File:Flag of Alabama.svg Alabama
Florida
Louisiana
Mississippi
Error creating thumbnail:  Texas
Principal cities| Houston
Tampa
Mobile
New Orleans
Pensacola
Gulfport
Largest city| Houston
Largest metropolitan area| Greater Houston
Population

• Total| 64,008,345[1]

The Gulf Coast of the United States, also known as the Gulf South, is the coastline along the Southern United States where they meet the Gulf of Mexico. The coastal states that have a shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico are Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, and these are known as the Gulf States.[2]

The economy of the Gulf Coast area is dominated by industries related to energy, petrochemicals, fishing, aerospace, agriculture, and tourism. The large cities of the region are (from west to east) Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Houston, Galveston, Beaumont, Lake Charles, Lafayette, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Biloxi, Mobile, Pensacola, Navarre, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. All are the centers or major cities of their respective metropolitan areas and many of which contain large ports.

## Contents

* 1 Geography
* 1.1 Climate
* 1.2 Rising Sea Levels
* 2 Economic activities
* 3 History
* 4 Metropolitan areas
* 5 Transportation
* 5.1 Road
* 5.1.1 Major Interstates
* 5.1.2 Major U.S. routes
* 5.1.3 Other significant routes
* 5.2 Air
* 5.2.1 International service
* 5.3 Rail
* 5.3.1 Amtrak service
* 6 See also
* 7 Notes
* 8 Further reading
* 9 External links

## Geography

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File:Aerial views of the Houston, Texas, skyline in 2014 LCCN2014632225.tifHouston is the largest city and urban area along the Gulf Coast

The Gulf Coast is made of many inlets, bays, and lagoons. The coast is intersected by numerous rivers, the largest of which is the Mississippi River. Much of the land along the Gulf Coast is, or was, marshland.[3] Ringing the Gulf Coast is the Gulf Coastal Plain, which reaches from Southern Texas to the western Florida Panhandle, while the western portions of the Gulf Coast are made up of many barrier islands and peninsulas, including the 130-mile (210 km) Padre Island along the Texas coast. These landforms protect numerous bays and inlets providing as a barrier to oncoming waves. The central part of the Gulf Coast, from eastern Texas through Louisiana, consists primarily of marshland. The eastern part of the Gulf Coast, predominantly Florida, is dotted with many bays and inlets.

### Climate

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File:ISS Expedition 25 Night Time Image Of The US Northern Gulf Coast.jpgNight time astronaut image of the northern Gulf coast.

The Gulf Coast climate is humid subtropical, although the southwestern tip of Florida, such as Everglades City, features a tropical climate. Much of the year is warm to hot along the Gulf Coast, while the three winter months bring periods of cool (or rarely, cold) weather mixed with mild temperatures. The area is highly vulnerable to hurricanes as well as floods and severe thunderstorms. Much of the Gulf Coast has a summer precipitation maximum, with July or August commonly the wettest month due to the combination of frequent summer thunderstorms produced by relentless heat and humidity, and tropical weather systems (tropical depressions, tropical storms and hurricanes), while winter and early spring rainfall also can be heavy. This pattern is evident in southern cites as Houston, Texas, New Orleans, Louisiana, Mobile, Alabama and Pensacola, Florida. However, the central and southern Florida peninsula and South Texas has a pronounced winter dry season, as at Tampa and Fort Myers, Florida. On the central and southern Texas coast, winter, early spring and mid-summer are markedly drier, and September is the wettest month on average (as at Corpus Christi and Brownsville, Texas). Tornadoes are infrequent at the coast but do occur; however, they occur more frequently in inland portions of Gulf Coast states. Over most of the Gulf Coast from Houston, Texas eastward, extreme rainfall events are a significant threat, commonly from tropical weather systems, which can bring 4 to 10 or more inches of rain in a single day. In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey made landfall along the central Texas coast, then migrated to and stalled over the greater Houston area for several days, producing extreme, unprecedented rainfall totals of over 40 inches (1,000 mm) in many areas, unleashing widespread flooding. Earthquakes are extremely rare to the area, but a surprising 6.0 earthquake in the Gulf of Mexico on September 10, 2006, could be felt from the cities of New Orleans to Tampa.

### Rising Sea Levels

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Due to the release of greenhouse gas emissions, glaciers and ice sheets are melting and expanding the oceans. This is the largest contributor of rising sea levels along United States coastlines, which are projected to rise 1 foot in three decades or between 10 to 12 inches on average by 2050. The Gulf Coast will likely see the biggest change, with sea levels expected to rise between 14 and 18 inches. The Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Report predicted more frequent, major and destructive high tide flooding events along with taller storm surges by 2050 after scientists determined high tide flooding has been "increasingly common" over the past few years due to the rising sea levels.Higher sea levels mean that deadly and dangerous storm surges, or the rise in seawater level because of a storm, will push farther inland than in the past. The impacts are expected to be dramatic. Low-lying coastal areas are expected to experience: increased levels of flooding, accelerated erosion, loss of wetlands and low-lying terrestrial ecosystems, and seawater intrusion into freshwater sources. Rising sea level and erosion will also imperil critical habitats for many commercially important fisheries that depend on inshore waters for either permanent residence or nursery area. In 2021 alone rising sea levels cost the United States approximately $2.6 billion in relief efforts and caused at least seven deaths. Flood damage is a big contributor to the rising cost. By 2051, the cost of flood damage is expected to increase by 61%, or $32 billion.

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sea-level-rise-2050-study/ https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/project/predicting-impacts-sea-level-rise-gulf-mexico/ https://abcnews.go.com/US/climate-change-rising-sea-levels-increase-cost-flood/story?id=76044769

## Economic activities

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File:Gulf Coast Platforms.jpgNOAA map of the 3,856 oil and gas platforms extant off the Gulf Coast in 2006.

The Gulf Coast is a major center of economic activity. The marshlands along the Louisiana and Texas coasts provide breeding grounds and nurseries for ocean life that drive the fishing and shrimping industries. The Port of South Louisiana (Metropolitan New Orleans in Laplace) and the Port of Houston are two of the ten busiest ports in the world by cargo volume.[4] As of 2004, seven of the top ten busiest ports in the U.S. are on the Gulf Coast.[5]

The discovery of oil and gas deposits along the coast and offshore, combined with easy access to shipping, have made the Gulf Coast the heart of the U.S. petrochemical industry. The coast contains nearly 4,000 oil platforms.

Besides the above, the region features other important industries including aerospace and biomedical research, as well as older industries such as agriculture and — especially since the development of the Gulf Coast beginning in the 1920s and the increase in wealth throughout the United States — tourism.

## History

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File:United States 1803-04-1804-03.pngMap of the Louisiana Purchase

Before European settlers arrived in the region, the Gulf Coast was home to several pre-Columbian kingdoms which had extensive trade networks with empires such as the Aztecs and the Mississippi Mound Builders. Shark and alligator teeth and shells from the Gulf have been found as far north as Ohio, in the mounds of the Hopewell culture.[6]

The first Europeans to settle the Gulf Coast were primarily the French and the Spanish. The Louisiana Purchase (1803), Adams–Onís Treaty (1819) and the Texas Revolution (1835-1836) made the Gulf Coast a part of the United States during the first half of the 19th century. As the U.S. population continued to expand its frontiers westward, the Gulf Coast was a natural magnet in the South providing access to shipping lanes and both national and international commerce. The development of sugar and cotton production (enabled by slavery) allowed the South to prosper. By the mid 19th century the city of New Orleans, being situated as a key to commerce on the Mississippi River and in the Gulf, had become the largest U.S. city not on the Atlantic seaboard and the fourth largest in the U.S. overall.

Two major events were turning points in the earlier history of the Gulf Coast region. The first was the American Civil War, which caused severe damage to some economic sectors in the South, including the Gulf Coast. The second event was the Galveston Hurricane of 1900. At the end of the 19th century Galveston was, with New Orleans, one of the most developed cities in the region. The city had the third busiest port in the U.S.[7] and its financial district was known as the "Wall Street of the South".[8] The storm mostly destroyed the city, which has never regained its former glory, and set back development in the region.

File:Hurricane Katrina August 28 2005 NASA.jpgHurricane Katrina

Since then the Gulf Coast has been hit with numerous other hurricanes. On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast as a Category 3 hurricane. It was the most damaging storm in the history of the United States, causing upwards of $80 billion in damages, and leaving over 1,800 dead. Again in 2008 the Gulf Coast was struck by a catastrophic hurricane. Due to its immense size, Hurricane Ike caused devastation from the Louisiana coastline all the way to the Kenedy County, Texas region near Corpus Christi.[9] In addition, Ike caused flooding and significant damage along the Mississippi coastline and the Florida Panhandle[10] Ike killed 112 people and left upwards of 300 people missing, never to be found.[11] Hurricane Ike was the third most damaging storm in the history of the United States, causing more than $25 billion[12] in damage along the coast, leaving hundreds of thousands of people homeless, and sparking the largest search-and-rescue operation in U.S. history.[13]

Other than the hurricanes, the Gulf Coast has redeveloped dramatically over the course of the 20th century. The gulf coast is highly populated. The petrochemical industry, launched with the major discoveries of oil in Texas and spurred on by further discoveries in the Gulf waters, has been a vehicle for development in the central and western Gulf which has spawned development on a variety of fronts in these regions. Texas in particular has benefited tremendously from this industry over the course of the 20th century and economic diversification has made the state a magnet for population and home to more Fortune 500 companies than any other U.S. state. Florida has grown as well, driven to a great extent by its long established tourism industry but also by its position as a gateway to the Caribbean and Latin America. As of 2006, these two states are the second and fourth most populous states in the nation, respectively (see this article). Other areas of the Gulf Coast have benefited less, though economic development fueled by tourism has greatly increased property values along the coast, and is now a severe danger to the valuable but fragile ecosystems of the Gulf Coast.

## Metropolitan areas

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The following table lists the 10 largest core-based statistical areas along the Gulf Coast.

Metropolitan Statistical Areas on the United States Gulf Coast Rank  | Metropolitan Statistical Area  | 2020 Pop (est.)

|
|

1  | Houston-The Woodlands, TX Combined Statistical Area | 7,340,823
2  | Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area | 3,243,963
3  | New Orleans-Metairie-Hammond, LA-MS Combined Statistical Area | 1,510,672
4  | Cape Coral-Fort Myers-Naples, FL Combined Statistical Area | 1,226,553
5  | North Port-Sarasota, FL Combined Statistical Area | 1,087,915
6  | McAllen-Edinburg, TX Combined Statistical Area | 939,466
7  | Baton Rouge, LA Metropolitan Statistical Area | 858,571
8  | Mobile-Daphne-Fairhope, AL Combined Statistical Area | 661,964
9  | Lafayette-Opelousas-Morgan City, LA Combined Statistical Area | 619,529
10  | Pensacola-Ferry Pass, FL-AL Combined Statistical Area | 547,784
11  | Corpus Christi-Kingsville-Alice, TX Combined Statistical Area | 536,258

## Transportation

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### Road

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#### Major Interstates

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File:45intoI-10 2.jpgI-45 and I-10/U.S. 90 near Downtown Houston Highway  | Significant Cities Served

|

File:I-2.svg Interstate 2 | Harlingen, McAllen
File:I-4.svg Interstate 4 | Tampa
File:I-10.svg Interstate 10 | Houston, Baytown, Beaumont, Lake Charles, Lafayette, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Slidell, Gulfport, Biloxi, Mobile, Pensacola
File:I-12.svg Interstate 12 | Baton Rouge, Hammond, Slidell
File:I-37.svg Interstate 37 | Corpus Christi
File:I-45.svg Interstate 45 | Galveston, Houston
File:I-49.svg Interstate 49 | New Orleans (future), Houma (future), Thibodaux (future), Lafayette
Interstate 55 | Hammond
File:I-59.svg Interstate 59 | Slidell
File:I-65.svg Interstate 65 | Mobile
File:I-69.svg Interstate 69 | Victoria (future), Houston
File:I-69E.svg Interstate 69E | Brownsville, Harlingen, Corpus Christi, Victoria (future)
File:I-69W.svg Interstate 69W | Victoria (future)
Error creating thumbnail:  Interstate 75 | Naples, Fort Myers, North Port, Sarasota, Bradenton, St. Petersburg, Tampa

#### Major U.S. routes

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Highway  | Significant Cities Served

|

File:US 11.svg U.S. 11 | New Orleans
File:US 17.svg U.S. 17 | Punta Gorda
Error creating thumbnail:  U.S. 19 | St. Petersburg, Tampa
File:US 29.svg U.S. 29 | Pensacola
File:US 31.svg U.S. 31 | Spanish Fort
File:US 41.svg U.S. 41 | Naples, Fort Myers, Sarasota, Bradenton, St. Petersburg, Tampa
File:US 43.svg U.S. 43 | Mobile
File:US 45.svg U.S. 45 | Mobile
File:US 49.svg U.S. 49 | Biloxi, Gulfport
File:US 51.svg U.S. 51 | Hammond
File:US 59.svg U.S. 59 | Houston, Victoria
File:US 61.svg U.S. 61 | New Orleans
File:US 69.svg U.S. 69 | Beaumont, Port Arthur
File:US 77.svg U.S. 77 | Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Harlingen, Victoria
File:US 83.svg U.S. 83 | Brownsville, Harlingen
File:US 87.svg U.S. 87 | Port Lavaca, Victoria
File:US 90.svg U.S. 90 | Beaumont, Biloxi, Crestview, Houma, Houston, Lafayette, Lake Charles, Mobile, New Orleans, Pascagoula, Pensacola, Thibodaux
File:US 92.svg U.S. 92 | St. Petersburg, Tampa
File:US 96.svg U.S. 96 | Beaumont, Port Arthur
File:US 98.svg U.S. 98 | Fort Walton Beach, Mobile, Pensacola, Panama City

#### Other significant routes

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Highway  | Significant Cities Served

|

File:Louisiana 1.svg LA 1 | Grand Isle, Port Fourchon, Thibodaux
File:Florida 85.svg S.R. 85 | Crestview, Fort Walton Beach
File:Texas 35.svg S.H. 35 | Houston, Bay City, Port Lavaca, Rockport, Corpus Christi
File:Texas 288.svg S.H. 288 | Houston, Lake Jackson, Freeport

### Air

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#### International service

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File:ArmstrongAirportJune2007.jpgLouis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport

International Destinations

George Bush Intercontinental Airport - Houston | Argentina, Error creating thumbnail: Bahamas, Belize, BonaireBonaire, Brazil, Canada, Cayman IslandsCayman Islands, Chile, China, Colombia, Error creating thumbnail: Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Germany, Guatemala, Error creating thumbnail: Honduras, Jamaica, JapanJapan, Mexico, Netherlands, Error creating thumbnail: New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Error creating thumbnail: Panama, PeruPeru, Qatar, Russia, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago,Turkey, Turks and Caicos IslandsTurks and Caicos Islands, UAE, United Kingdom, Error creating thumbnail: Venezuela

|

Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport | Canada, Germany, Error creating thumbnail: Honduras, Mexico, Error creating thumbnail: Panama, United Kingdom
Southwest Florida International Airport | Canada, Germany
Tampa International Airport | Error creating thumbnail: Bahamas, Canada, Cayman IslandsCayman Islands, Cuba, Germany, Error creating thumbnail: Iceland, Mexico, Error creating thumbnail: Panama, Switzerland, United Kingdom
William P. Hobby Airport \- Houston  | Error creating thumbnail: Aruba, Belize, Cayman IslandsCayman Islands, Error creating thumbnail: Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico

### Rail

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#### Amtrak service

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File:Amtrak 146 GE P42DC.jpgSunset Limited in Houston. Train  | Route  | Gulf Coast Cities Served

|
|

City of New Orleans | Chicago to New Orleans | New Orleans
Crescent | New York to New Orleans | New Orleans, Picayune, MS, Slidell, LA
Silver Star | New York to Miami | Tampa, with connection available to Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach to Clearwater, FL, Bradenton, FL, Sarasota, FL, Port Charlotte, FL and Fort Myers, FL
Sunset Limited | Los Angeles to Orlando (temporarily New Orleans)  | Bay St. Louis, MS, Beaumont, TX, Biloxi, Crestview, FL, Gulfport, MS, Houston, Lafayette, LA, Lake Charles, LA, Baton Rouge, LA, Mobile, New Orleans, Panama City, FL, Scriever, LA, Pascagoula, MS, Pensacola, FL

## See also

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* East Coast of the United States
* West Coast of the United States
* Emerald Coast
* Florida Panhandle
* Geography of the United States
* Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force
* Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission
* Houston
* List of ports in the United States
* Megaregions of the United States
* Mississippi Gulf Coast
* New Orleans
* Tampa
* West Florida
* Gulf Coast of Mexico

## Notes

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1. ^ "Gulf States 2020". Retrieved April 12, 2020.
2. ^ For example: "Gulf Coast Energy Outlook" (PDF) (Spring 2017 ed.). Center for Energy Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018 - via Economics & Policy Research Group., p. 1 (" Unless stated otherwise, Gulf Coast hereafter specifically refers to the states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida").
3. ^ "Gulf Coast Wetlands Rapidly Declining • The National Wildlife Federation Blog". The National Wildlife Federation Blog. January 8, 2014. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
4. ^ Rosenberg, Matt (June 14, 2003). "Busiest Ports in the World". Retrieved October 15, 2006.
5. ^ Rosenberg, Matt (June 14, 2003). "Waterborne Commerce Statistics: Tonnage for Selected U.S. Ports in 2004". Archived from the original on November 17, 2006. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
6. ^ Nash, Gary B. Red, White and Black: The Peoples of Early North America Los Angeles 2015. Chapter 1, p. 6
7. ^ "The 1900 Storm". Archived from the original on July 11, 2006. Retrieved July 11, 2006.
8. ^ "Galveston, Texas History". Galveston.com. Retrieved October 15, 2007.
9. ^ "Evacuation and Devastation in Southern Texas". The Boston Globe. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
10. ^ "Flooding in Miss. and FL". USA Today. September 11, 2008. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
11. ^ "Ike missing". www.cnn.com. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
12. ^ Robbie Berg (January 23, 2009). "Hurricane Ike Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). NHC. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
13. ^ Ike Evacuation and Rescue Operation Archived 2013-12-02 at the Wayback Machine

## Further reading

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* Drescher, Christopher F., Stefan E. Schulenberg, and C. Veronica Smith. "The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and the Mississippi Gulf Coast: Mental health in the context of a technological disaster." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 84.2 (2014): 142.
* Smith, F. Todd Louisiana and the Gulf South Frontier, 1500–1821 (Louisiana State University Press; 2014) 304 pages
* Williamson, James M., and John L. Pender. "Economic Stimulus and the Tax Code The Impact of the Gulf Opportunity Zone." Public Finance Review (2014): 1091142114557724.

## External links

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* "Map of the Gulf Coast from Florida to Mexico" from 1639 via the World Digital Library

* v
* t
* e

Regions of the United States

Administrative|

| Units|

* U.S. state
* District of Columbia
* Territory
* Insular area
* Minor Outlying Island
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|

Time zones|

* Chamorro
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Census|

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Courts of
appeals

* 1st
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Physical|

| Physiographic|

* Pacific Mountain
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|

Coastal|

* Arctic
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Historical|

Acquisitions

* Thirteen Colonies
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* Texas annexation
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* Cession of Tutuila
* Cession of Manu'a
* Treaty of the Danish West Indies
* Acquisition of the Northern Mariana Islands

|

Civil War|

* Union
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Theaters
Pacific
Western
Trans-Mississippi
Lower Seaboard
Eastern

Divided|

* Pacific Northwest
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Other|

* Appalachia
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* List
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* v
* t
* e

State of Alabama

Montgomery (capital)

Topics|

* Index
* Aviation
* Climate
* Delegations
* Geography
* Geology
* Government
* governors
* History
* National Register of Historic Places
* Mass media
* newspapers
* radio
* TV
* People
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Society|

* African Americans
* Crime
* Culture
* Demographics
* Economy
* Education
* Elections
* Politics

Regions|

* North Alabama
* Central Alabama
* South Alabama
* Birmingham District
* Black Belt
* Canebrake
* Cumberland Plateau
* Eastern Shore
* Gulf Coastal Plain
* Piedmont
* Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians
* Tennessee Valley
* Wiregrass

Flora and fauna|

* Amphibians
* Gardens
* Mammals
* Reptiles
* Trees

Largest cities|

* Huntsville
* Birmingham
* Montgomery
* Mobile
* Tuscaloosa
* Hoover
* Auburn
* Dothan
* Decatur
* Madison

Metros|

* Birmingham–Hoover
* Huntsville
* Mobile
* Montgomery
* Tuscaloosa
* Daphne–Fairhope–Foley
* Decatur
* Auburn–Opelika
* Dothan
* Florence–Muscle Shoals
* Anniston–Oxford–Jacksonville
* Gadsden

Counties|

* Autauga
* Baldwin
* Barbour
* Bibb
* Blount
* Bullock
* Butler
* Calhoun
* Chambers
* Cherokee
* Chilton
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* Sumter
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* Walker
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* v
* t
* e

State of Florida

Tallahassee (capital)

Topics|

* Index
* Ballot measures
* Climate (Climate change)
* Congressional
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* Fauna
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History|

* Timeline
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* Seminole
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* Slavery
* Plantations of Leon County
* Civil War
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* Cape Canaveral
* Kennedy Space Center
* Disney World

Geography|

* Beaches
* Caves
* Everglades (Drainage and development)
* Keys
* Lakes
* Lake Okeechobee
* Reef
* Rivers
* Sinkholes
* Springs
* State forests
* State parks
* Swamps

Major
hurricanes|

* Florida Keys (1919)
* Tampa Bay (1921)
* Miami (1926)
* Okeechobee (1928)
* Florida Keys (1929)
* Treasure Coast (1933)
* Labor Day (1935)
* Dry Tortugas (1944)
* Homestead (1945)
* Fort Lauderdale (1947)
* South Florida (1948)
* 1949 Florida hurricane
* Easy (1950)
* King (1950)
* Donna (1960)
* Betsy (1965)
* Eloise (1975)
* Elena (1985)
* Andrew (1992)
* Opal (1995)
* Charley (2004)
* Frances (2004)
* Ivan (2004)
* Jeanne (2004)
* Dennis (2005)
* Wilma (2005)
* Matthew (2016)
* Irma (2017)
* Michael (2018)
* Dorian (2019)
* Sally (2020)
* Ian (2022)

Society|

* African-American
* Crime
* Cuban-American culture
* Miami
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* Culture
* Demographics
* Economy
* Education
* Floridians
* Haitian-American culture
* Delray Beach
* Miami
* Indigenous peoples
* Everglades
* Politics
* Sports

Regions|

* Big Bend
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* Everglades
* First Coast
* Forgotten Coast
* Gold Coast
* Halifax area
* Heartland
* Keys
* Nature Coast
* North Central Florida
* North Florida
* Panhandle
* South Florida
* Southwest Florida
* Space Coast
* Suncoast
* Tampa Bay Area
* Treasure Coast

Metro areas|

* Cape Coral–Fort Myers
* Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin
* Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach
* Gainesville
* Homosassa Springs
* Jacksonville
* Lakeland–Winter Haven
* Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach
* Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island
* North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton
* Ocala
* Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford
* Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville
* Panama City
* Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent
* Port St. Lucie
* Punta Gorda
* Sebastian-Vero Beach
* Sebring
* Tallahassee
* Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
* The Villages

Largest cities|

* Jacksonville
* Miami
* Tampa
* Orlando
* St. Petersburg
* Hialeah
* Tallahassee
* Port St. Lucie
* Fort Lauderdale
* West Palm Beach
* Cape Coral
* Pembroke Pines
* Hollywood
* Miramar

Counties|

* Alachua
* Baker
* Bay
* Bradford
* Brevard
* Broward
* Calhoun
* Charlotte
* Citrus
* Clay
* Collier
* Columbia
* DeSoto
* Dixie
* Duval
* Escambia
* Flagler
* Franklin
* Gadsden
* Gilchrist
* Glades
* Gulf
* Hamilton
* Hardee
* Hendry
* Hernando
* Highlands
* Hillsborough
* Holmes
* Indian River
* Jackson
* Jefferson
* Lafayette
* Lake
* Lee
* Leon
* Levy
* Liberty
* Madison
* Manatee
* Marion
* Martin
* Miami‑Dade
* Monroe
* Mosquito (former county)
* Nassau
* Okaloosa
* Okeechobee
* Orange
* Osceola
* Palm Beach
* Pasco
* Pinellas
* Polk
* Putnam
* Santa Rosa
* Sarasota
* Seminole
* St. Johns
* St. Lucie
* Sumter
* Suwannee
* Taylor
* Union
* Volusia
* Wakulla
* Walton
* Washington

* v
* t
* e

State of Louisiana

Baton Rouge (capital)

Topics|

* Index
* Fauna
* History
* Music
* Louisianians
* Constitution
* Governors
* Hurricanes
* Lieutenant Governors
* Secretaries of State
* Attorneys General
* Legislature
* Supreme Court
* Congressional districts
* Symbols
* Tourist attractions

Society|

* Culture
* Crime
* Demographics
* Economy
* Education
* Mass media
* Newspapers
* Radio
* TV
* Politics

Regions|

* Acadiana
* Ark-La-Tex
* Central Louisiana
* Florida Parishes
* Greater New Orleans
* Northwest Louisiana
* North Louisiana
* Southwest Louisiana

Cities|

* Alexandria
* Baton Rouge
* Bossier City
* Hammond
* Houma
* Kenner
* Lafayette
* Lake Charles
* Monroe
* Natchitoches
* New Iberia
* New Orleans
* Opelousas
* Ponchatoula
* Ruston
* Shreveport
* Slidell
* Sulphur

CDPs|

* Chalmette
* Harvey
* LaPlace
* Marrero
* Metairie
* Moss Bluff
* Terrytown

Metros|

* Alexandria
* Baton Rouge
* Hammond
* Houma–Bayou Cane–Thibodaux
* Lafayette
* Lake Charles
* Monroe
* New Orleans
* Shreveport–Bossier City

Parishes|

* Acadia
* Allen
* Ascension
* Assumption
* Avoyelles
* Beauregard
* Bienville
* Bossier
* Caddo
* Calcasieu
* Caldwell
* Cameron
* Catahoula
* Claiborne
* Concordia
* DeSoto
* East Baton Rouge
* East Carroll
* East Feliciana
* Evangeline
* Franklin
* Grant
* Iberia
* Iberville
* Jackson
* Jefferson
* Jefferson Davis
* Lafayette
* Lafourche
* LaSalle
* Lincoln
* Livingston
* Madison
* Morehouse
* Natchitoches
* Orleans
* Ouachita
* Plaquemines
* Pointe Coupee
* Rapides
* Red River
* Richland
* Sabine
* St. Bernard
* St. Charles
* St. Helena
* St. James
* St. John the Baptist
* St. Landry
* St. Martin
* St. Mary
* St. Tammany
* Tangipahoa
* Tensas
* Terrebonne
* Union
* Vermilion
* Vernon
* Washington
* Webster
* West Baton Rouge
* West Carroll
* West Feliciana
* Winn

* v
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* e

State of Mississippi

Jackson (capital)

Topics|

* Index
* Climate
* Climate change
* Geography
* Government
* Delegations
* Governors
* Lieutenant governors
* Legislature
* History
* Law
* Constitution
* Music
* State landmarks
* State parks
* Symbols
* Tourist attractions

Society|

* Crime
* Culture
* Demographics
* Economy
* Education
* Mass media
* Newspapers
* Radio
* TV
* Mississippians
* Politics

Regions|

* The Delta
* Golden Triangle
* Gulf Coast
* Mississippi Plain
* Natchez District
* North Mississippi
* Pine Belt
* Tennessee Valley

Metros|

* Gulfport-Biloxi
* Hattiesburg
* Jackson
* Memphis (TN)
* Pascagoula

Larger cities|

* Gulfport
* Jackson
* Southaven

Smaller cities|

* Bay St. Louis
* Biloxi
* Brandon
* Brookhaven
* Canton
* Clarksdale
* Cleveland
* Clinton
* Columbus
* Corinth
* Gautier
* Greenville
* Greenwood
* Grenada
* Hattiesburg
* Horn Lake
* Indianola
* Itta Bena
* Iuka
* Laurel
* Long Beach
* Louisville
* Madison
* Magee
* McComb
* Mendenhall
* Meridian
* Moss Point
* Natchez
* Ocean Springs
* Olive Branch
* Oxford
* Pascagoula
* Pass Christian
* Pearl
* Picayune
* Ridgeland
* Starkville
* Tunica
* Tupelo
* Vicksburg
* Waveland
* West Hattiesburg (Oak Grove)
* West Point
* Yazoo City

Counties|

* Adams
* Alcorn
* Amite
* Attala
* Benton
* Bolivar
* Calhoun
* Carroll
* Chickasaw
* Choctaw
* Claiborne
* Clarke
* Clay
* Coahoma
* Copiah
* Covington
* DeSoto
* Forrest
* Franklin
* George
* Greene
* Grenada
* Hancock
* Harrison
* Hinds
* Holmes
* Humphreys
* Issaquena
* Itawamba
* Jackson
* Jasper
* Jefferson
* Jefferson Davis
* Jones
* Kemper
* Lafayette
* Lamar
* Lauderdale
* Lawrence
* Leake
* Lee
* Leflore
* Lincoln
* Lowndes
* Madison
* Marion
* Marshall
* Monroe
* Montgomery
* Neshoba
* Newton
* Noxubee
* Oktibbeha
* Panola
* Pearl River
* Perry
* Pike
* Pontotoc
* Prentiss
* Quitman
* Rankin
* Scott
* Sharkey
* Simpson
* Smith
* Stone
* Sunflower
* Tallahatchie
* Tate
* Tippah
* Tishomingo
* Tunica
* Union
* Walthall
* Warren
* Washington
* Wayne
* Webster
* Wilkinson
* Winston
* Yalobusha
* Yazoo

* v
* t
* e

State of Texas

Austin (capital)

Topics|

* Outline
* Architecture
* Climate (Climate change)
* Cuisine
* Geography
* Government
* Healthcare
* History
* Languages
* Law
* Literature
* Mass media
* Newspapers
* Radio
* TV
* National Historic Landmarks
* National Register of Historic Places Sites
* Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks
* Sports
* Symbols
* Texans
* Time
* Tourist attractions
* Transportation

Society|

* Culture
* Crime
* Demographics
* Economy
* Education
* Gambling
* Politics

Regions|

* Ark‑La‑Tex
* Big Bend
* Boca Chica
* Blackland Prairies
* Brazos Valley
* Central Texas
* Coastal Bend
* Concho Valley
* Cross Timbers
* East Texas
* Edwards Plateau
* Golden Triangle
* Hill Country
* Llano Estacado
* Northeast Texas
* North Texas
* Osage Plains
* Panhandle
* Permian Basin
* Piney Woods
* Rio Grande Valley
* Southeast Texas
* South Plains
* South Texas
* Texoma
* Trans-Pecos
* West Texas

Metropolitan
areas|

* Abilene
* Amarillo
* Austin–Round Rock (Greater Austin)
* Beaumont–Port Arthur
* Brownsville–Harlingen
* College Station–Bryan
* Corpus Christi
* Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington (DFW)
* El Paso
* Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land (Greater Houston)
* Killeen–Temple
* Laredo
* Longview
* Lubbock
* McAllen–Edinburg–Mission
* Midland
* Odessa
* San Angelo
* San Antonio–New Braunfels
* Sherman–Denison
* Texarkana
* Tyler
* Victoria
* Waco
* Wichita Falls

Counties|

See: List of counties in Texas

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