Keio University

Private university in Minato, Tokyo, Japan

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Keio University

慶應義塾大学

File:Old Keio University Library 3.jpg
Motto| Latin: Calamus gladio fortior

Motto in English

| The pen is mightier than the sword[1]
Type| Private research coeducational higher education institution
Established| 1858
Founder| Yukichi Fukuzawa

Academic affiliations

| ASAIHL, CoBS, Washington University in St. Louis
McDonnell International Scholars Academy,[2] CEMS – The Global Alliance in Management Education
Endowment| N/A
President| Prof. Kohei Itoh

Academic staff

| full time 2,791 (As of May 1, 2021)[3]

Administrative staff

| full-time 3,216 (As of May 1, 2021)[4]
Students| 33,437 (As of May 1, 2022)[5]
Undergraduates| 28,641 (As of May 1, 2022)[5]
Postgraduates| 4,796 (As of May 1, 2022)[5]

Doctoral students

| 1,426[5][note 1]

Other students

| 0 [note 2]
Location|

Minato

Tokyo

Japan

Campus| Urban
Athletics| 39 varsity teams
Colors|  Yellow,  blue, and  red
Nickname| Unicorns, etc.
Website| keio.ac.jp
File:Keio University logo.svg

Keio University (慶應義塾大学, Keiō Gijuku Daigaku), abbreviated as Keio (慶應) or Keidai (慶大), is a private research university located in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

It is the oldest institute of western higher education in Japan. Its founder, Fukuzawa Yukichi, originally established it as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo.

The university has eleven campuses, primarily in Tokyo and Kanagawa. It has ten undergraduate faculties: Letters, Economics, Law, Business and Commerce, Medicine, Science and Technology, Policy Management, Environment and Information Studies, Nursing and Medical Care, and Pharmacy. There are fourteen graduate schools (listed below) and both on- and off-campus research institutes and facilities.

The university is one of the members of the Top Global University Project (Top Type), funded by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.[6] Keio University is also one of the member universities of RU11[7] and APRU, and it is one of only two Japanese universities (alongside the University of Tokyo) to be a member of the World Economic Forum's Global University Leaders Forum.[8]

Its list of alumni and faculty includes three former prime ministers,[9] two astronauts,[9] six international honorary members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a Wolf Prize winner. Keio University also produced the largest number of CEOs of companies listed in the first section of Tokyo Stock Exchange[9][10] and ranks 53rd (in the world) in top 100 Global Executives, according to Times Higher Education's "Alma Master Index 2017".[11]

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 1.1 Mission
* 1.2 Academic culture
* 2 History
* 3 Presidents
* 4 Student body
* 5 Student life
* 5.1 Societies
* 5.2 Festivals
* 5.3 Athletics
* 5.3.1 Association football
* 5.3.2 Kei-So rivalry
* 5.3.3 American football
* 5.4 Scandals
* 6 Academic rankings
* 6.1 Research performance
* 6.1.1 Business
* 6.1.2 Accounting
* 6.1.3 Medicine
* 6.1.4 Law
* 6.2 Popularity and selectivity
* 7 Evaluation from Business World
* 8 Finance
* 8.1 Tuition fees
* 8.2 Scholarship/loan
* 9 Organization
* 9.1 Faculties
* 9.2 Graduate schools
* 9.3 Media centers
* 9.4 Information technology centers
* 9.5 Affiliated schools
* 9.6 Hospital
* 10 Campuses
* 11 Alumni and professors
* 11.1 Politicians
* 11.2 Public servants, international organizations
* 11.3 Central Bank Governors
* 11.4 Astronauts
* 11.5 Finance
* 11.6 Media
* 11.7 Other business people
* 11.8 Academia
* 11.9 Art
* 11.10 Others
* 12 Gutenberg Bible
* 13 Bibliography
* 14 Notes
* 15 References
* 16 See also
* 17 External links

## Overview[edit | edit source]

File:福澤諭吉先生像慶応日吉.jpg

The founder of Keio Fukuzawa Yukichi's statue on Hiyoshi campus.

File:Keio University(mita) - East gate.jpg

East Research Building in Mita

Keio traces its history to 1858 when Fukuzawa Yukichi, who had studied the Western educational system at Brown University in the United States, started to teach Dutch while he was a guest of the Okudaira family. In 1868 he changed the name of the school to Keio Gijuku and devoted all his time to education. While Keio's initial identity was that of a private school of Western studies, it expanded and established its first university faculty in 1890, and became known as a leading institute in Japanese higher education. It was the first Japanese university to reach its 150th anniversary, celebrating this anniversary in 2008.

Keio has leading research centers. It has approximately 30 Research Centers located on its five main campuses and at other facilities for advanced research in Japan.[12] Keio University Research Institute at SFC (KRIS) has joined the MIT and the French INRIA in hosting the international W3C.[13]

### Mission[edit | edit source]

In his speech at an alumni gathering on November 1, 1896, Fukuzawa stated the mission of Keio as follows:

Keio Gijuku shouldn't be satisfied with being just one educational institution.
Its mission is expected to be a model of the nobility of intelligence and virtue,
to make clear how it can be applied to its family, society, and nation,
and to take an actual action of this statement.
It expects all students being leaders in society by the practice of this mission.

Those sentences were given to students as his will, and considered as the simple expression of Keio's actual mission.[14]

### Academic culture[edit | edit source]

Keio is known for being the first institution to introduce many modern education practices in Japan.

Keio is the earliest Japanese school that introduced an annual fixed course fee, designed by Fukuzawa.[note 3] It initially introduced the culture of speech to Japan, which Japan had never had before. It built Japan's earliest speech house Mita Speech House in 1875 as well.[15] Keio is regarded as Japan's first university to accept international students.[16] Keio accepted 2 Korean students in 1881 as its (and also Japan's) first international students. 60 Korean students entered in 1883 and 130 Korean students in 1895.

Keio put "Independence and self-respect (独立自尊, Dokuritsu Jison)" as a foundation of its education. This is meant to be physically and mentally independent, and respect yourself for keeping your virtue.[17] Independence and self-respect are also regarded as Fukuzawa's nature and essence of his education.[18]

Learning half and teaching half (半学半教, Hangaku Hankyo) is the other unique culture at Keio.[19] During the late Edo period and the early Meiji period, several private prep schools often used students as assistant teachers and it was called "Learning half and teaching half". Keio also had initially used this system. In the early period of such schools of Western studies, there had been many things to learn not only for students but also professors themselves. Hence there had been occasions when students who had learned in advance had taught other students and even professors. After the proper legal systems for education had been set up, those situations disappeared. However, Fukuzawa thought the essence of academia was and is a continuous learning process, and that more knowledge provided more learning opportunities. Keio respects his thought and established the rule "Rules in Keio Gijuku (慶應義塾社中之約束, Keio Gijuku Shachu no Yakusoku)", which states that there shouldn't be any hierarchy between teachers and learners, and that all of the people in Keio Gijuku are in the same company. For this reason, there is still a culture at Keio that all professors and lecturers are officially called with the honorific of "Kun" but never "Teacher" or "Professor".[20][21]

Collaboration in a company (社中の協力, Shachu no Kyoryoku) is also a uniqueness of Keio.[22] Fukuzawa stated in 1879 that the Keio's success today is because of the collaboration in its company, and "Collaboration in a company" originally came from this article. People in Keio often think that all of the people related to Keio (e.g. professors, students, alumni and their family members) are the part of their company, thus they should try to help each other like brothers and sisters. This culture has been often seen especially in the alumni organization called Mita-Kai.[23]

## History[edit | edit source]

File:Keio University Tokyo 1869.jpg

Keio Gijuku in Tsukiji in 1869

File:Keio University Library,1912.jpg

Keio University in May 1912

Keio University (慶應義塾大学, Keiō Gijuku Daigaku) was established in 1858 as a School of Western studies located in one of the mansion houses in Tsukiji by the founder Fukuzawa Yukichi.[24] Its root is considered as the Han school for Kokugaku studies named Shinshu Kan established in 1796.[25] Keio changed its name to "Keio Gijuku" in 1868, which came from the era name "Keio"[26] and "Gijuku" as the translation of Private school.[27] It moved to the current location in 1871, established the Medical school in 1873, and the official university department with Economics, Law and Literacy study in 1890.[28]

Year | University development

|

1858 | Establishment of Keio Gijuku
1879 | Keio rejected an offer to become a national university.[29]
Instead of that, it became a vocational school funded by daimyōs including Shimazu clan.
1890 | Departments of Economics, Law, and Letters established
1906 | Graduate studies programs established
1917 | School of Medicine established
1920 | Keio authorized as a university in the prewar system
1944 | School of Technology established
1949 | Keio authorized as a university in the post-war system
1957 | School of Business and Commerce established
1962 | Graduate School of Business Administration established
1981 | Department of Science and Technology established
1990 | School of Environmental and Information Studies and School of Policy Management established
2001 | School of Nursing and Medical Care established
2004 | School of Law established
2008 | School of Pharmacy established
2008 | Graduate School of Media Design established

In 1886, Keio named Hiromoto Watanabe as the first chancellor of the Imperial University (University of Tokyo). He was the first chancellor of an officially authorized university in Japan. In 1899, Keio sent 6 students to study abroad. In the same year, it accepted three international students from India, Qing-dynasty China, and Thailand. Eight international students entered from Taiwan (which had technically been a territory of the Japanese Empire since 1895) in the following year. Keio was visited by Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore in 1916. In 1922, Keio was visited by Albert Einstein, who presented a special lecture on the theory of relativity.[30] In 1946, Keio began accepting female students. In 2006, a paper with a Keio undergraduate student as its first listed author was published in the research journal Science.[31][32] In 2008, Keio was visited by Prince Charles.

## Presidents[edit | edit source]

Since the president system was established in 1881, Keio has had 20 presidents.[33]

| President  | Tenure  |  | President  | Tenure  |  | President  | Tenure  |  | President  | Tenure

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1. | Sadashiro Hamano | 1881–1887 | 7. | Shinzo Koizumi | 1933–1947 | 13. | Saku Sato | 1969–1973 | 19. | Akira Haseyama | 2017-
2. | Nobukichi Koizumi | 1887–1890 | 8. | Seiichiro Takahashi | 1946–1947 | 14. | Hiroshi Kuno | 1973–1977 | 20. | Kohei Itoh | 2021-
3. | Tokujiro Obata | 1890–1897 | 9. | Kouji Ushioda | 1947–1956 | 15. | Tadao Ishikawa | 1977–1993
4. | Eikichi Kamata | 1898–1922 | 10. | Fukutaro Okui | 1956–1960 | 16. | Yasuhiko Torii | 1993–2001
5. | Ichitaro Fukuzawa | 1922–1923 | 11. | Shohei Takamura | 1960–1965 | 17. | Yuichiro Anzai | 2001–2009
6. | Kiroku Hayashi | 1923–1933 | 12. | Kunio Nagasawa | 1965–1969 | 18. | Atsushi Seike | 2009– 2017

## Student body[edit | edit source]

Demographics of student body in 2021[5][34] | Undergraduate | Graduate (Master) | Graduate (Doctor) | Professional | Total

|
|
|
|
|

Total  | 28,667 | 3,034 | 1,408 | 360 | 33,469
Male  | 18,346 | 2,044 | 985 | 228 | 21,603
Female  | 10,321 | 990 | 423 | 132 | 11,866
International  | 874 | 861 | 1,735

In 2021, there are 33,469 students in Keio University, with 28,667 undergraduate students and 4,802 graduate students. Although two-thirds of the student body are males, this ratio highly depends on the major (56% of students are female in the Faculty of Letters, for instance. On the other hand, in the School of Medicine, three-quarters of students are men.).[5]

There are 1,908 international students in May 1, 2021, with 874 undergraduate students (3.1% of total undergraduate students (=28,667) ), 861 graduate students (18.0% of total graduate students (=4,802) ) and 173 other students.[34] China is the country which provides the most international students with 1,016, followed by South Korea (436), France (66), Taiwan (51), the United States (36), Indonesia (34), and Germany (29).[34]

## Student life[edit | edit source]

File:Mitasai.jpg

Mita Sai

### Societies[edit | edit source]

In Japanese universities, there are student societies called "circles". Although the exact number is not clear, there are over 410 circles in Keio.[35]

### Festivals[edit | edit source]

Keio holds school festivals every year on each campus. The main festival is called "Mita Sai" and is usually held on Mita campus in late November.[36] Mita Sai includes various academic and recreational activities and also serves as a research workshop for students on Mita campus.[37] Approximately 200,000 people visit Mita Sai every year.[38]

### Athletics[edit | edit source]

Edward Bramwell Clarke and Tanaka Ginnosuke first introduced Rugby union to Japanese students at Keio University. The game had been played in the treaty ports of Yokohama and Kobe before that, but not between Japanese teams.

The interest of Keio's students in baseball stretches back to the early years of the 20th century. In 1913, an American touring team of players from the New York Giants and the Chicago White Sox played an exhibition game against the Keio team.[39] In a 1932 exhibition game, the Keio team beat the University of Michigan team, which was then touring Japan.[40] Keio's baseball team plays in the Tokyo Big6 Baseball League (six prominent universities in the Tokyo area).

#### Association football[edit | edit source]

Keio University's association football (soccer) team is the most successful team in the history of the Emperor's Cup, although their last triumph was in 1956. They have won nine times, a number no professional team has ever achieved in the tournament.

#### Kei-So rivalry[edit | edit source]

File:ラグビー早慶戦01.JPG

Kei-So Sen

Traditionally, there has been a strong rivalry between Keio and Waseda University. There are annually many matches between the two universities in several sports, such as baseball, rowing and rugby. These games are called "Kei–So Sen (慶早戦)", or more generally "So–Kei Sen (早慶戦)".

The Kei-So baseball rivalry, which dates back more than a century, is especially famous because of its importance in Japanese baseball history. The most famous Kei-So baseball game, which was played on October 16, 1943, was made into a movie titled "The Last Game – the Final So-Kei Sen -" in 2008.

There are two Kei-So baseball games every year, and they are usually broadcast by NHK. There is no lecture on all campuses in Keio on the game day because of the students who want to watch this match. Kei-So baseball games were even visited by Japanese emperors in 1929, 1950 and 1994.

Keio University is one of the most prestigious universities in Japan. Times Higher Education estimates that Keio is 351–400th place in general academic rankings among world universities.

#### American football[edit | edit source]

Main article: Keio Unicorns football

### Scandals[edit | edit source]

In October 2016, six male students from Keio Advertisement Society, a long-standing student club famous for its organization of the Miss Keio pageant contest, were investigated for gang rape during a club activity.[41] An out-of-court settlement was reached and the students were not prosecuted.[42] In May 2018, another three students were arrested for sexual assaults.[43]

In March 2017, a student tennis club was disbanded after a student died of alcohol poisoning during a club activity. Two other Keio students had died due to over-drinking in 2012 and 2013.[44]

In June 2017, the school's election committee unconventionally selected Haseyama Akira, a legal history professor who only won second place at the general election among teachers and staffs, to be the school's new president, breaking a 50-year convention.[45]

In late 2019, both the American football team and the cheerleading club suspended club activities for "inappropriate behaviours".[46][47]

In January 2020, it was reported that a former member of the school president's secretarial staff had installed camera in a female toilet stall on Mita campus, filming over a thousand videos over 3 months.[48][49]

## Academic rankings[edit | edit source]

University rankingsT. Reuters National[50]|  Research|  13

|
|

WE [ja] National[51]|  Employment|  3
NBP Greater Tokyo[52][53]|  Reputation|  3
Shimano National[54]|  Selectivity|  SA
QS Asia
(Asian Ranking version)[55]|  General|  41
THE World[56]|  General|  600-800
QS World[57]|  General|  191
ARWU World[58]|  Research|  301-400
ENSMP World[59]|  Alumni|  3
Program rankings Social Sciences & Humanities

LAW

Asahi National[60]| Research | 2
Natural Sciences & Technology

Engineering

QS World[61]| General | 179

Keio ranks 53rd in the world in the Times Higher Education's Alma Mater Index.[62] It ranks 34th globally in the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) and 3rd in Asia.[63] Keio is ranked at 58th of the Reuters Top 100 innovative universities worldwide.[64] British Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) company estimates that Keio is ranked the 192nd in QS World University Rankings 2017/18.[65] It is ranked the 45th in QS World University Ranking 2017/18 for Graduate Employability Ranking. In the Asian University Ranking (2015), Quacquarelli Symonds also ranked Keio as 37th in Asia.[65] The Academic Ranking of World Universities (2015), which is compiled by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ranks Keio 151-175 in the world and 37 in Asia.[66] Keio, with Waseda University, is one of the prominent private universities within Japan.The difficulty level of entrance exams at Keio University is one of the highest among private universities in Japan.[67]

### Research performance[edit | edit source]

According to Thomson Reuters, Keio is the 10th best research university in Japan, and it is the only private university within Top 15.[50] In addition, Weekly Diamond reported that Keio has the 8th highest research standard in Japan in terms of research fundings per researchers in COE Program, and it is also the only private university within Top 10.[68] The Asahi Shimbun summarized the number of academic papers in Japanese major legal journals by university, and Keio was ranked 2nd during 2005–2009.[60] Accordingly, Keio is a prominent research university within Japan.

In economics, according to The Asahi Shimbun, Keio's been ranked 7th in Japan in the economic research ranking during 2005–2009.[69] More recently, Repec in January 2011 ranked Keio's Economic department as Japan's 6th best economic research university.[70] Keio has provided 3 presidents of Japanese Economic Association in its 42-year history, and this number is 5th largest.[71]

In addition, Nikkei Shimbun on 2004/2/16 surveyed about the research standards in Engineering studies based on Thomson Reuters, Grants in Aid for Scientific Research and questionnaires to heads of 93 leading Japanese Research Centers, and Keio was placed 8th (research planning ability 4th/informative ability of research outcome 3rd) in this ranking.[72]

#### Business[edit | edit source]

Keio ranks second in Japan, for the number of alumni holding CEO positions in Fortune Global 500 companies, according to Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities.[59] Keio is also ranked 1st in Japan for the number of alumni generally holding executive positions (when positions like COO, CFO, CIO etc. are included along with the CEO position) in listed companies of Japan, and this number per student (probability of becoming an executive) is also top.[73][74]

Keio Business School is Japan's first business school and one of four Japanese schools holding The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) accreditation.[75] Keio was ranked No. 1 in Japan by Nikkei Shimbun.[76] Eduniversal also ranked Keio as top in Japan (75th in the world).[77] In Eduniversal Keio is one of only 3 Japanese schools categorized in "Universal Business schools with major international influence". In 2012, the Keio Business School became founding member of the university alliance Council on Business & Society that consists of Tuck School of Business from USA, University of Mannheim Business School from Germany, ESSEC Business School from France, Fudan University from China, Fundação Getúlio Vargas from Brazil and Keio Business School.

According to the Weekly Economist's 2010 rankings and the PRESIDENT's article on 16 October 2006, graduates from Keio University have the 3rd best employment rate in 400 major companies, and the alumni's average salary is the 3rd best in Japan.[78][79]

#### Accounting[edit | edit source]

As an extension of Keio's strong business focus, for over 30 years, Keio graduates have been ranked first in Japan in the number of successful national CPA exam applicants.[12]

#### Medicine[edit | edit source]

Keio has been influential in Japanese medical societies as well. In fact, there have been 4 presidents of Japan Medical Association related to this university (2 Alumni and 2 professors).[note 4] This number is the 2nd largest among Japanese medical schools.[80] Keio is one of 2 Japanese universities which provided a president of World Medical Association.[81]

#### Law[edit | edit source]

Keio's law faculty is typically ranked among the best in all of Japan along with the University of Tokyo, University of Kyoto, Chuo University, and Hitotsubashi University. In 2010 and 2015, Keio University Law School ranked highest among all Japanese universities for Bar Exam passage rate.[82] Furthermore, the number of Members of Parliament who graduated Keio has been 3rd in Japan.[69][83]

### Popularity and selectivity[edit | edit source]

Keio is a popular university in Japan, often considered one of Japan's top two private universities alongside their rival, Waseda University. The number of applicants per place was 11.7 (48260/4098) in 2011 undergraduate admissions.[84] Its entrance difficulty is usually considered as top with Waseda among 730 private universities.[note 5][note 6][note 7]

Nikkei BP has been publishing a ranking system called "Brand rankings of Japanese universities" every year, composed by the various indications related to the power of brand, in which Keio was top in 2014, and ranked second in 2015 and 2016 in Greater Tokyo Area.[85] Webometrics (2008) also ranks Keio University as 3rd in Japan, 11th in Asia, and 208th in the world for quantity and quality of web presence and link visibility.[86]

In a unique ranking, TBS ranked Japanese universities by the questionnaire of "Which university student do you want to have as your boyfriend?" to 300 girls in Shibuya, and Keio was ranked 1st in this ranking.[note 8]

## Evaluation from Business World[edit | edit source]

The university ranking of the ratio of "president and chief executive officer of listed company" in Japan  | Ranking

|

all universities in Japan | 3rd[87] out of all the 744[88] universities which existed as of 2006
Source  | 2006 Survey[87] by Weekly Diamond 〈ja〉 on the ranking of the universities which produced the high ratio of the graduates who hold the position of "president and chief executive officer of listed company" to all the graduates of each university
The university ranking according to the ratio of the number of the officers & managers produced by each university to the number of graduates  | Ranking

|

all universities in Japan | 26th[89] out of all the 778[90] universities which existed as of 2010
Source  | 2010 Survey by Weekly Economist 〈ja〉 on the ranking of universities according to the ratio of the number of the officers & managers produced by each university to the number of graduates
The university ranking according to the order of the evaluation by Personnel Departments of Leading Companies in Japan | Ranking

|

Japan | 15th[91] (out of 781[92] universities in Japan as of 2020)
Source  | 2020 Nikkei Survey[93] to all listed (3,714[94]) and leading unlisted (1,100), totally 4,814 companies[93]

## Finance[edit | edit source]

Operating revenues/expenses in 2010[95] Revenues | (yen in millions) | ratio | Expenses | (yen in millions) | ratio

|
|
|
|
|

Tuition and fees  | 49,204 | 24.97%  | Compensation and benefits  | 65,270 | 33.12%
Investment return  | 4,170 | 2.12%  | Education & Research  | 52,148 | 26.46%
Capital gain  | 20,817 | 10.56%  | Investment  | 32,923 | 16.71%
National appropriation/Grants (Direct)  | 17,082 | 8.67%  | Repayment of debt  | 13,236 | 6.72%
Medical care  | 48,274 | 24.50%  |  |  |
Debt loan  | 11,680 | 5.93%  |  |  |
Endowments  | 5,475 | 2.78%  |  |  |
Total  | 197,061 | 100.00%  | Total  | 197,061 | 100.00%

According to Keio's financial report, there was operating revenue of 197 billion yen in 2010.[95] The top three largest incomes were from "tuition and fees", "medical care" and "capital gain", with 49 billion yen, 48 billion yen and 21 billion yen respectively. The amount of endowments in 2010 was about 5 billion yen. Keio is known as having one of the largest financial endowments of any Japanese university.[96]

On the other hand, the top 3 largest expenses in 2010 were "Compensation and benefits", "Education & Research" and "Investment", with 65 billion yen, 52 billion yen and 33 billion yen respectively. The total asset value in 2010 was about 364 billion yen with increase of 5 billion yen. In addition, the total amount of assets under management was approximately 109 billion yen in 2010, composed by mainly cash, deposit with banks and marketable securities.[95]

### Tuition fees[edit | edit source]

Tuition fees[97][98] Undergraduate | 4 years in Total (yen) | Per year (yen)

|
|

Social Science & Humanities  | 4,440,000 | 1,110,000
Natural Science & Engineering  | 6,280,000 | 1,570,000
SFC  | 5,320,000 | 1,330,000
School of Medicine  | 14,440,000 | 3,610,000
Graduate | 2 years in Total (yen) | Per year (yen)
Social Science & Humanities  | 1,380,000 | 690,000
Natural Science & Engineering  | 1,965,000 | 983,000
SFC  | 2,071,000 | 1,035,000
School of Medicine  | 2,625,000 | 1,313,000

The university tuition fee system in Japan is different from other countries and very complicated. In most Japanese universities, more payments are required in the first year, such as "entrance fees", and less in subsequent years. There are several types of fees (some of which must be paid only once and some of which must be paid once or twice every year) and so-called "course fee" is officially only one of those fees.

In Keio University, tuition fees vary and depend on the course. Social Science & Humanity studies have the lowest fees at approximately 1,110,000 yen per year, and School of Medicine is the most expensive fees at about 3,610,000 yen per year.[97] The tuition fees for the various graduate schools are much less than those for undergraduate studies, e.g. 690,000 yen per year for Social Science & Humanities and 1,313,000 yen per year for School of Medicine.[98]

Although it is acceptable to pay twice with half in spring and half in autumn, the "entrance fee" must be paid before enrollment. The entrance fee for undergraduate study is 200,000 yen and the one for graduate study is 310,000 yen.[97][98]

### Scholarship/loan[edit | edit source]

Scholarship/loan[99] 2008 | number of students | ratio | average amount (yen)

|
|
|

Total using scholarship/loan  | 9,764 | 30.25% |
Total of using scholarship funded by Keio  | 3,000 | 9.30% | 300,000
International students (undergraduate)  | 397 | appx. 100% | 259,942
International students (graduate)  | 359 | appx. 75% | 517,473

Many students receive additional financial support. For example, in 2008, there were 9,764 students (about 30% of all students) who used either scholarships or loans.[99] Additionally, Keio funds over 3,000 students who receive, on average, scholarships of 300,000 yen.[99]

## Organization[edit | edit source]

File:Keio University(mita) - Main gate.jpg

New South building on Mita Campus

File:塾監局(三田).jpg

Jukukankyoku on Mita Campus

File:三田演説館-慶應三田.jpg

Mita speech house on Mita Campus

File:中央道路銀杏並木-慶應日吉.jpg

Hiyoshi Campus

File:矢上台.jpg

Yagami Campus

File:Kitasato Memorial Medical Library.jpg

Kitasato Memorial Medical Library on Shinanomachi campus

File:3号館(芝共立).jpg

3rd Building on Shiba Kyoritsu campus

### Faculties[edit | edit source]

Keio has ten undergraduate faculties, which cover a wide range of academic fields, with each operating independently and offering broad educational and research activities. The faculties, with planned annual number of enrolled first-year students in parentheses, are:

* Faculty of Letters (800)
* Faculty of Economics (1200)
* Faculty of Law (1200)
* Faculty of Business and Commerce (1000)
* School of Medicine (112)
* Faculty of Science and Technology (932)
* Faculty of Policy Management (425)
* Faculty of Environment and Information Studies (425)
* Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care (100)
* Faculty of Pharmacy (210)

### Graduate schools[edit | edit source]

In addition to the ten undergraduate faculties listed above, Keio has fourteen graduate schools. Many professors are associated with both an undergraduate faculty and a graduate school.

* Graduate School of Letters
* Graduate School of Economics
* Graduate School of Law
* Graduate School of Human Relations
* Graduate School of Business and Commerce
* Graduate School of Medicine
* Graduate School of Science and Technology
* Graduate School of Business Administration
* Graduate School of Media and Governance
* Graduate School of Health Management
* Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
* Law School
* Graduate School of Media Design
* Graduate School of System Design and Management

### Media centers[edit | edit source]

Main article: Keio Media Centers (Libraries)

Keio's Media Centers, with combined holdings of over 4.58 million books and publications, are one of the largest academic information storehouses in the country.[100]

* Mita Media Center
* Hiyoshi Media Center
* Media Center for Science and Technology
* Shinanomachi Media Center
* SFC Media Center

### Information technology centers[edit | edit source]

* ITC Headquarters
* Mita ITC
* Hiyoshi ITC
* Shinanomachi ITC
* Science & Technology ITC
* Shonan Fujisawa ITC

### Affiliated schools[edit | edit source]

Elementary education

* Keio Yochisha Elementary School
* Keio Yokohama Elementary School

Secondary education

* Keio Futsubu School (Boys Junior High School)
* Keio Chutobu Junior High School
* Keio Shonan Fujisawa Junior and Senior High School
* Keio Senior High School
* Keio Shiki Senior High School
* Keio Girls Senior High School
* Keio Academy of New York (High School)

Language education

* Japanese Language Program
* Keio Foreign Language School

Others

* Keio Marunouchi City Campus (KMCC)

### Hospital[edit | edit source]

Keio University Hospital is one of the largest and most well-known general hospitals in Japan,[citation needed] the number of surgeries for carcinoma uteri in 2007 was top and the one for lung cancer was third among all university hospitals.[101] and is also a famous teaching hospital. The number of trainee doctors who selected Keio as their first choice training hospital was 30 (33rd) among all Japanese teaching hospitals in 2010.[102] Established in 1920, it has over 1,000 beds, a leading laboratory, and research and medical information divisions.[12]

* Keio University Hospital (慶應義塾大学病院 or 慶應大学病院)

## Campuses[edit | edit source]

There are eleven campuses.

* Mita Campus (2-15-45 Mita, Minato, Tokyo)
* Hiyoshi Campus (4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa), home of the Hiyoshi tunnels
* Yagami Campus (3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa)
* Shinanomachi Campus (35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo)
* Shonan Fujisawa Campus (Fujisawa, Kanagawa, aka SFC) designed by Fumihiko Maki
* Shiba Kyoritsu Campus (Minato ward, Tokyo)
* Shin-Kawasaki Town Campus (Kawasaki, Kanagawa)
* Tsuruoka Town Campus of Keio (Tsuruoka, Yamagata, aka TTCK)
* Urawa Kyoritsu Campus (Urawa, Saitama)
* Keio Osaka Riverside Campus (Osaka)
* Keio Marunouchi City Campus (Tokyo)

## Alumni and professors[edit | edit source]

Some of the prominent Keio alumni include: Japanese Prime Ministers Junichiro Koizumi (2001–2006), Ryutaro Hashimoto (1996–1998), and Tsuyoshi Inukai (1931–1932). Dozens of other alumni have been cabinet members and governors in the post-war period.[103] Its alumni include 230 CEOs of major companies and 97 CEOs of foreign affiliated companies (both highest in Japan).[12] Keio has over 320,000 alumni in 866 alumni associations.[12][104]

### Politicians[edit | edit source]

File:Inukai Tsuyoshi 2.jpg

Former (1931–1932) Japanese prime minister Tsuyoshi Inukai

File:Clinton Hashimoto 1996.jpg

Former (1996–1998) Japanese prime minister Ryutaro Hashimoto

File:Rumsfeld and Koizumi.jpg

Former (2001–2006) Japanese prime minister Junichiro Koizumi

* Junichiro Koizumi, the 87th/88th/89th Prime Minister of Japan (2001–2006), the 20th President of Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (Economics, 1967)
* Ryutaro Hashimoto, the 82nd/83rd Prime Minister of Japan (1996–1998), the 17th President of Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (Law, 1960)
* Tsuyoshi Inukai, the 29th Prime Minister of Japan (1931–1932), the 6th President of Rikken Seiyūkai
* Ichirō Ozawa, Former President of Democratic Party of Japan, Former Secretary General of Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (Economics, 1967)
* Tamisuke Watanuki, President of People's New Party, Former Speaker of The House of Representatives of Japan (Economics, 1950)
* Toshiko Hamayotsu, Minister for Global Environmental Issues and Director-General of Environment Agency of Government of Japan (1994).[105]
* Kenji Kosaka, Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Law, 1968)
* Jirō Kawasaki, Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare (Business and Commerce, 1971)
* Andrew Thomson, Minister for Sport and Tourism and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Sydney 2000 Games in the Australian Government 1997 – 1998
* Shigefumi Matsuzawa, Governor of Kanagawa (Law, 1982)
* Akihiko Noro, Governor of Mie (Science and Technology, 1969)
* Genjirō Kaneko, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2021-2022), Governor of Nagasaki (Letters, 1968)
* Motohiro Ōno, Governor of Saitama (Law, 1987)
* Hiroshi Nakai, Chairman of the National Commission on Public Safety, Minister of State for Disaster Management and the Abduction Issue (Economics, 1969)
* Yūzan Fujita, Governor of Hiroshima (Business and Commerce, 1972)
* Ryōzō Hiranuma, Mayor of Yokohama, Order of Culture
* Keiichi Inamine, Governor of Okinawa (Economics, 1957)
* Masaharu Ikuta, President of Japan Post, Former CEO of Mitsui O.S.K. Lines (Economics, 1957)
* Yukio Ozaki, Mayor of Tokyo, Minister of Justice, Education, "Father of parliamentary politics" in Japan.[106]
* Nobuteru Ishihara, Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Minister of State for Administrative and Regulatory Reform, Candidate for the LDP presidency 2008
* Heitaro Inagaki, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry (Economics, 1913)
* Banri Kaieda, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry (Law)
* Hirofumi Nakasone, Minister for Foreign Affairs
* Yoshio Sakurauchi, Minister for Foreign Affairs
* Kamata Eikichi, Minister of Education[107]
* Hidenao Nakagawa, Chief Cabinet Secretary
* Mitsuo Horiuchi, Minister of International Trade and Industry
* Yoshiyuki Kamei, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
* Seiichi Ota, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
* Ryu Shionoya, Minister of Education, Science and Technology
* Kosuke Hori, Minister of Education
* Fusanosuke Kuhara, Minister of communications
* Shigeru Ishiba, Minister of Defense, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Law, 1979)
* Kazuyoshi Kaneko, Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and Minister for Ocean Policy
* Takeo Kawamura, Minister of Education, Science and Technology and Chief Cabinet Secretary
* Koichi Yamamoto, Minister of Environment
* Akira Amari, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry and Minister of State in charge of Administrative Reform
* Tatsuya Ito, Minister of State for Financial Services
* Tadamori Oshima, Minister of Agriculture
* Takeo Hiranuma, Minister of Transport and Minister of Economy, Trade, and Industry
* Akira Nagatsuma, Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare, Minister of State for Pension Reform
* Masajuro Shiokawa, Chief Cabinet Secretary of Japan
* Heizō Takenaka, Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications (Emeritus Prof.)
* Wataru Takeshita, Minister for Reconstruction
* Jon Richards, Wisconsin legislator
* Sommai Hoonrakoon, Minister of Finance (Thailand) (Economics, 1942)[108]
* Set Aung – politician, economist and management consultant, incumbent Deputy Planning and Finance Minister of Myanmar
* Yun Duk-min ambassador of South Korea to Japan

### Public servants, international organizations[edit | edit source]

* Takeshi Kasai, WHO Regional Director of Western Pacific (medicine, 1990)[109][110]
* Shigeru Omi (undergraduate atten.), WHO Regional Director of Western Pacific,[109][110]
* Kiyoko Okabe, the first female justice of Supreme Court, Japan (Master, Law, 1974)[111]
* Taro Takemi, president of the World Medical Association and Japan Medical Association (MD, medicine, 1930)
* Ichirō Fujisaki, Diplomat, Chairman of Executive Committee of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Economics (dropout), 1969)

### Central Bank Governors[edit | edit source]

* Shigeaki Ikeda, Minister of Finance, Commerce and Industry, Governor of The Bank of Japan
* Makoto Usami, Governor of The Bank of Japan
* Tarisa Watanagase (Thai), Governor of the Bank of Thailand, 2006–2010 (Economics)
* Chang Kia-ngau (Economics, 1906–1908), Governor of the Central Bank of Republic of China[112]

### Astronauts[edit | edit source]

* Chiaki Mukai, JAXA astronaut (MD, medicine, 1988)
* Akihiko Hoshide, JAXA astronaut

### Finance[edit | edit source]

* Taizo Nishimuro, Chairman and CEO of Tokyo Stock Exchange, Former CEO of Toshiba Corporation (Economics 1961)
* Koichiro Miyahara, Chairman and CEO of Tokyo Stock Exchange[113]
* Atsushi Saito, Chairman and CEO of Tokyo Stock Exchange,[113]
* Shigeharu Suzuki, President and CEO of Daiwa Securities Group (Economics 1971)

### Media[edit | edit source]

File:Ted Nelson cropped.jpg

American sociologist Ted Nelson

* Tōru Shōriki, owner of The Yomiuri Shimbun (Economics, 1942)
* Tarō Kimura, journalist (Law, 1964)
* Akira Ikegami, journalist (Economics, 1973)
* Kazuhiko Torishima, president of Hakusensha (Law, 1976)
* Motoaki Tanigo, CEO of Hololive Production (Science and Technology)

### Other business people[edit | edit source]

* Akio Toyoda, President and CEO Toyota Motor Corporation 2009–current
* Yutaka Asoh, later known as Yutaka Katayama, the first president of the U.S. operations of Nissan Motors (Economics 1935)
* Osamu Nagayama (born 1947), CEO of Chugai Pharmaceutical and Chairman of Sony Corporation
* Katsuaki Watanabe, President of Toyota Motor Corporation (Economics 1964).[114]
* Yuzaburo Mogi, Chairman and CEO of Kikkoman Corporation (Law 1958)
* Yotaro Kobayashi (Economics, 1956), chairman of Fuji Xerox, former chairman of Japan Association of Corporate Executives[115]
* Shinzo Maeda, President and CEO of Shiseido (Letters 1970)
* Hidetaka Miyazaki, President of FromSoftware[116]
* Ichizō Kobayashi, Founder of Hankyu Railway and the Takarazuka Revue, Minister of Commerce and Industry in the 1940 Konoe Cabinet
* Nobutada Saji, Chief executive of Suntory Ltd., the wealthiest individual in Japan as of 2004 by Forbes
* Akira Mori, President and CEO of Mori Trust, the fourth-wealthiest person in Japan as of 2013 by Forbes
* Keiichi Ishizaka, chairman and CEO, Warner Music Japan Inc. (Business and Commerce, 1968) – 2009 Medal of Honor Awardee
* Lee Jae-yong, vice chairman of Samsung Electronics (MBA 1995)
* Teruaki Yamagishi, received the 4th Class, Order of the Rising Sun Gold Rays with Rosette in 2008
* Takeo Shiina, Chairman of IBM Japan, former Chairman of Japan Association of Corporate Executives (Science and Technology 1951)

### Academia[edit | edit source]

Dozens of alumni and professors have been elected as academy members or been in important positions.[117]

* Yukichi Fukuzawa (founder), First President of Japan Academy, the current portrait of 10,000-yen notes
* Kitasato Shibasaburō (first dean of Keio University School of Medicine), Member of Japan Academy, fellow of Royal Society of London,[118] nominated for Nobel Prize[119]
* Genichi Kato (professor), Nominated for Nobel Prize, Member of Japan Academy[119]
* Shinzo Koizumi (politics, 1910), Member of Japan Academy, best known as the educator of His Majesty the Emperor Emeritus at the age of the prince. Received an honorary doctorate from Columbia University[120][121]
* Keisuke Suzuki (professor), Member of Japan Academy[122]
* Sho-Chieh Tsiang (undergraduate atten.), member of Academia Sinica[123]
* Atsuo Iiyoshi (engineering, 1960), emeritus professor of Kyoto University, honorary doctorate of Russian Academy of Sciences[124]
* Seiichiro Takahashi (politics, 1908), Member of Japan Academy, Minister of Education
* Toshihiko Izutsu (literature, 1937), Member of Japan Academy
* Akira Hayami (economics, 1954), Member of Japan Academy, coined the notion of "Industrious Revolution"[125][126]
* Tokuzo Fukuda (prof.), Member of Japan Academy[127]
* Kazui Tashiro (Ph.D. in economics), Member of Japan Academy,[117]
* Junzaburo Nishiwaki (economics, 1917), nominated for Nobel Prize, International Honorary Member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences[128]
* Tsuneo Tomita (medicine, 1932), International Honorary Member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Member of Japan Academy, Professor Emeritus of Yale University[129][130][131]
* Osamu Saito (Hitotsubashi University) (economics, 1968), member of Japan Academy, International Honorary Member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Professor Emeritus of Hitotsubashi University[132][133][134]
* Ryogo Kubo (professor), the Boltzmann Medal, Order of Culture, member of Japan Academy, International Honorary Member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences[135][136][137]
* Mikinosuke Miyajima (professor), International Honorary Member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Japan's representative for League of Nations Health Organization.[138]
* David J. Farber, fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (the Distinguished Professor and Co-Director of Cyber Civilization Research Center)[139]
* Hiromoto Watanabe (1865), the first President of Tokyo Imperial University[140]
* Hamao Arata (1869), the third and eighth President of Tokyo Imperial University[140]
* Sahachiro Hata (Prof.), nominated for Nobel Prize,[119] member of Japan Academy,[141]
* Masayuki Amagai (medicine, 1985), International Member of National Academy of Medicine[142]
* Masaharu Tsuchiya (medicine, 1953), member of Académie Nationale de Médecine,[143]
* Masaki Kitajima (medicine, 1966), Honorary Fellow of Royal College of Surgeons of England, member of European Academy of Science[144]
* Ken Sakamura (engineering, 1974), emeritus professor of University of Tokyo, Japan Academy Prize (academics), the creator of the real-time operating system architecture TRON project[145]
* Takao Suzuki (sociolinguist) (literature, 1950), former professor of Yale University[146]
* Toshio Ito (Medicine), best known for discovery of Ito cell, Japan Academy Prize (academics),[147][148]
* Hideyuki Okano (medicine, 1983), the first in the world to produce transgenic marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with germline transmission.[149] Besides, he is to conduct the world's first clinical test in which artificially derived stem cells will be used to treat patients with spinal cord injuries.[150]
* Toju Hata (medicine, 1934), Japan Academy Prize (academics), best known for the discovery of Mitomycin C,[151][152]
* Yoshitaka Tanimura, derived Hierarchical equations of motion with Ryogo Kubo, Professor of Kyoto University, Humboldt Prize Winner (Sci.and Tech)[153]

File:Chiaki Mukai.jpg

JAXA astronaut Chiaki Mukai

* Katsuhiko Mikoshiba (medicine, 1969), Emeritus Professor of The University of Tokyo, first cloned in the world of the IP3 receptor in laboratory, which was found to play an important role in many biological functions such as body development and brain plasticity. Legion of Honor, honorary doctorate from Karolinska Institute (2011),[154] Japan Academy Prize (academics)[155]
* Kuniaki Tatsuta (Ph.D, 1969), the first in the world to synthesize totally four big Antibiotics (aminoglycoside, -lactam, macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics), which was accomplished by using carbohydrates as chiral sources in their laboratories. Japan Academy Prize (academics),[156][157]Ernest Guenther Award(2013)[158]
* Hikohjiro Kaneko (Ph.D. in Literature, 1946), Japan Academy Prize (academics)[159]
* Tatsuya Sakamoto (Economics, 1979), Japan Academy Prize (academics)[160]
* Masayoshi Tomizuka, professor in Control Theory in Department of Mechanical Engineering, and director of Mechanical Systems Control Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley. He holds the Cheryl and John Neerhout, Jr., Distinguished Professorship Chair, and has supervised more than 90 Ph.D. students to completion, many of which have become professors in universities in USA, Taiwan, etc., prestigious for the research in the field of Mechanical Engineering. (B.S. and M.S. degrees, Mechanical Engineering, 1968 and 1970)
* Yoshio Nishi (B.A. , 1966), Charles Stark Draper Prize (2014) Laureate.[161]
* Shosuke Okamoto (medicine, 1941), first synthesized in 1962 Tranexamic acid with Utako Okamoto. Emeritus professor of Kobe University[162]
* Tatsuji Nomura (medicine, 1945), a pioneer in the development of laboratory animals with the aim of assuring reproducibility of experimental results in medical research. Medal of Honor With Purple Ribbon from Japanese Government(1984).[163]
* Fumiko Yonezawa (Emeritus), The first female President of The Physical Society of Japan,[164] the Laureate of L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards in 2005.
* Shuichi Nosé (professor), famous for the Nosé–Hoover thermostat[165]
* Yasuhiro Matsuda, professor of international politics at the University of Tokyo (Law)
* Yoshihiro Tsurumi, professor of international business at Baruch College of the City University of New York (Economics)
* Jun Murai, "The Father of The Internet" in Japan, Legion of Honor (2018) (PhD, Engineering)[166]
* Kohei Itoh (physicist), Successfully generated and detected quantum entanglement between electron spin and nuclear spin in phosphorus impurities added to silicon with Dr. John Morton at Oxford University. This is the world's first successful generation.(Science and Technology)[167]
* Yasuhiro Koike, Developed the High-bandwidth graded-index plastic optical fiber.[168]
He is thought as one of the Nobel Prize candidates in Physics in terms of the achievement of plastic optical fiber.(Sci. and Tech)[169][170]
* Masaru Tomita, Established the metabolomics analysis by using the CE-MS.(Environment and Information Studies)
* Eitaro Noro, Marxian Economist. The Author of "History of the Development of Japanese Capitalism"(1930) (Native:「日本資本主義発達史講座」), Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo[171]

### Art[edit | edit source]

* Shotaro Yasuoka, Member of Japan Art Academy
* Yamamoto Kenkichi, Member of Japan Art Academy
* Hiroshi Sakagami, Member of Japan Art Academy
* Shusaku Endo (Literature, 1948) Akutagawa Prize, Order of Culture, honorary doctorate from Georgetown University[172]
* Daigaku Horiguchi, Poet, Translator, Member of Japan Art Academy
* Yone Noguchi (undergraduate attendee, professor), poet[173]
* Tanaka Chikao, Member of Japan Art Academy (Literature)
* Rofū Miki (undergraduate attendee), poet[174]
* Gozo Yoshimasu, Member of Japan Art Academy
* Jun Etō, Member of Japan Art Academy, literary critic
* Mantaro Kubota, Member of Japan Art Academy
* Haruo Sato, Member of Japan Art Academy (Literature)
* Kafū Nagai, Member of Japan Art Academy, Order of Culture (Prof.)
* Shinobu Orikuchi, Ethnologist (Emeritus prof.)
* Takitaro Minakami, author (Economics)
* Yojiro Ishizaka, author (Literature)
* Sakutarō Hagiwara, Poet
* Yumeno Kyūsaku, Surrealistic detective novelist
* Kazuki Kaneshiro, Zainichi Korean novelist
* Kôhei Tsuka, playwright, theater director, and screenwriter
* Adebayo Adewusi, Lawyer and Public Administrator.
* Yoshio Taniguchi (Engineering, 1960), member of Japan Art Academy. Architect best known for his redesign of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City which was reopened November 20, 2004[175]
* Fumihiko Maki (Keio High school, undergraduate atten.), International Honorary Member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Wolf Prize in Arts,[176][177][178]

### Others[edit | edit source]

* Ryuichi Kuki, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Governor of The Imperial Museum (The Tokyo National Museum, Kyoto National Museum, and Nara National Museum), The Father of Syuzo Kuki (1874)
* Theodor Holm "Ted" Nelson, Computer architect, visionary, and contrarian (PhD, Media and Governance, 2002)
* Yuichi Motai, professor of Virginia Commonwealth University (Computer Engineering), NSF Career Award (2011)
* Wataru Kamimura, professional shogi player (the first university graduate to become shogi professional) (Science and Technology / mathematical sciences, 2013)
* Joi Ito, former director of the MIT Media Lab, professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University (PhD, Media and Governance, 2018)
* Yūka Nishio, voice actress and musician[179]
* Ghib Ojisan, a travel YouTuber based in Singapore[180]

## Gutenberg Bible[edit | edit source]

The only copy held outside Europe or North America is a first volume facsimile of the Gutenberg Bible (Hubay 45) at Keio University. Purchased by the university in 1996, from Maruzen booksellers who originally purchased the copy at auction in 1987 for US$5.4 million.[181][182]

The Humanities Media Interface Project (HUMI) at Keio University is known for its high-quality digital images of Gutenberg Bibles and other rare books.[181] Under the direction of Professor Toshiyuki Takamiya, the HUMI team has made digital reproductions of eleven sets of the bible in nine institutions, including in 2000, both full-text facsimiles held in the collection of the British Library.[183]

## Bibliography[edit | edit source]

* The Keiogijuku University: a brief account of its history, aims and equipment. Keio Gijuku University. 1912.

## Notes[edit | edit source]

1. ^ excluding master course students as students in "Doctorate (prior)"
2. ^ In 2021, research students and auditors were not recruited due to the global epidemic of COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease).
3. ^ In the Edo period, private schools normally collected money or properties with Noshi irregularly from students, but those fees highly depended on each student's economic circumstances. Fukuzawa thought such an unstable financial system prevented the modernization of educational institutions as well as professors' professionalism. Then he designed a rudimentary management system for the school's finances.[1]
4. ^ Kitasato Shibasaburō, Taichi Kitajima, Taro Takemi and Toshiro Murase
5. ^ National and Public universities apply different kind of exams, so it is only comparable between universities in a same category.
6. ^ e.g. Yoyogi seminar published Hensachi (the indication showing the entrance difficulties by prep schools) rankings "「大学ブランド・イメージ調査2016-2017」ランキング". Archived from the original on 2011-04-22. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
7. ^ Japanese journalist Kiyoshi Shimano ranks its entrance difficulty as SA (most selective/out of 10 scales) in Japan.  危ない大学・消える大学 2012年版 (in Japanese). YELL books. 2011. ASIN 4753930181.
8. ^ TV program "Rank Okoku" on 2010/2/6 http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/jterasaka/40927577.html

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ "Keio Logos". Keio University. Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2021-10-29. "Today, the phrase “the pen is mightier than the sword” also stands as the motto of Keio"
2. ^ "McDonnell International Scholars Academy". Washington University in St. Louis.
3. ^ "Academic Staff (As of May 1, 2021)" (PDF). Keio University. 2021-05-01.
4. ^ "Administrative Staff (As of May 1, 2021)" (PDF). Keio University. 2021-05-01.
5. ^ a b c d e f "Student Enrollment (As of May 1, 2022)" (PDF). Keio University. 2022-05-01.
6. ^ "Member University List". Global 30. Archived from the original on 2016-08-21. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
7. ^ "Research University 11".
8. ^ "Global University Leaders Forum (GULF) Members" (PDF). Retrieved 16 Jan 2020.
9. ^ a b c "数字で見る慶應義塾：[慶應義塾]" [Keio University in numbers] (in Japanese). Keio University.
10. ^ 『大学ランキング2020年版』. 東京: 朝日新聞出版. 2019. p. 386\. ISBN 978-4-02-279224-2.
11. ^ "Where do the world's top CEOs go to university? | Times Higher Education (THE)". www.timeshighereducation.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
12. ^ a b c d e http://www.ogi.keio.ac.jp/english/Keio-University-pamphlet.pdf Archived 2007-07-30 at the Wayback Machine (This link no longer exists. The paper-based pamphlet is only available. October 10, 2011)
13. ^ Abramatic, Jean-Francois; Vezza, Albert (September 9, 1996). "Keio University joins MIT and INRIA in hosting W3C". Retrieved January 20, 2021.
14. ^ "慶應義塾の目的" [Purpose of Keio University] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on May 4, 2016. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
15. ^ Before the Meiji Period, Japanese people had thought the oral statement is not reliable enough for decision making, thus every time people had needed to state their opinions on paper when they had needed to decide something. Fukuzawa thought this culture would seriously prevent to introduce the modern parliamentary regime and the fair court system. Then he developed the art of speech by the arrangement of Western speech. [2]
16. ^ "留学生受け入れのはじめ" [Beginning of accepting international students] (in Japanese). Keio University. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
17. ^ "Dokuritsujison" (in Japanese). Keio University. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
18. ^ In fact, this phrase was also used for his Dharma name, which is a given name when people are dead, representing their nature.
19. ^ "Hangaku Hankyo" (in Japanese). Keio University. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
20. ^ Japanese people usually use "Kun" only between friends. This is normally considered to be an informal expression and is not used with professors.
21. ^ Keio officially uses the honorific of "Teacher" or "Professor" only when referring to Fukuzawa himself.
22. ^ "Shachu no Kyoryoku" (in Japanese). Keio University. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
23. ^ Hiromi Shimada (October 2007). Keio Mitakai (in Japanese). Sanshusha. ASIN 4384039417.
24. ^ "Dictionary of Keio No.4 The origin of Keio" (in Japanese). Keio University. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
25. ^ Although Shinshu Kan did not have a direct relation to Keio, Many people who studied or managed there were involved with Keio later. In fact, all students from Nakatsu Domain moved to Keio when it was closed.
26. ^ 1868 is 4th year of Keio
27. ^ "Dictionary of Keio No.7 The root of the school name" (in Japanese). Keio University. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
28. ^ Although Keio had been already involved in higher education, it had not had a university system before 1890. It was authorized as a university by the Japanese government in 1920.
29. ^ In the beginning of Meiji period, there was an ethical sense that Samurai should not work for more than one master. Keio was established by the fund of Tokugawa shogunate, so it was hard to work for the new government in this sense. Fukuzawa in fact criticized severely Kaishū Katsu and Takeaki Enomoto who worked for both Tokugawa and the new government (see Fukuzawa Yukichi). His such strict viewpoint had prevented Keio to set up a political department, and kept many Keio graduate away from politics for a long time. It is also one of the clear difference from Waseda which has been positively involved to politics for a long time.
30. ^ "Vol1. Famous Visitors to Keio University". Keio University. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
31. ^ "A paper written by the 4th year student of the Faculty of Science and Technology was placed in "Science"：Keio University Science and Technology". Keio University. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
32. ^ "A paper written by the 4th year student of the Faculty of Science and Technology was placed in "Science"：Keio University Science and Technology" (in Japanese). Keio University. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
33. ^ "Presidents in Keio" (in Japanese). Keio University. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
34. ^ a b c "留学生数（Number of International Student）: May 1, 2021" (in Japanese). 慶應義塾大学国際センター. Archived from the original on 2021-10-30. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
35. ^ "Keio Campus city" (in Japanese). Campus city. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
36. ^ "Sai" means festival
37. ^ See Mita Sai
38. ^ "47th Mita sai" (in Japanese). Keio Journal. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
39. ^ McGraw, John J. (December 8, 1913). "Americans Defeat Great Jap Pitcher; Sugase, Idolized at Keio University, Easy for Giants and White Sox". The New York Times. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
40. ^ "Michigan Nine, Touring Japan, Loses to Keio University, 2-1". The New York Times. September 11, 1932. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
41. ^ "Police investigate students at Tokyo's Keio University over gang rape allegation". The Japan Times Online. 14 October 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
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## See also[edit | edit source]

* Keio Medical Science Prize
* Keio Media Centers (Libraries)
* Eliica
* Auto-ID Labs
* Keio University Shonan Fujisawa Campus
* Keio Shonan-Fujisawa Junior & Senior High School
* Sakura Tsushin ("Sakura Diaries"), a manga and anime series by U-Jin which prominently features Keio University.
* List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts: others)

## External links[edit | edit source]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Keio University.

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Keio University-Keio Gijuku

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* Chiang Mai University
* Chulalongkorn University
* Dhurakij Pundit University
* Hatyai University
* Kasem Bundit University
* Kasetsart University
* Khon Kaen University
* King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok
* King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi
* Maejo University
* Mahasarakham University
* Mahidol University
* Mae Fah Luang University
* Naresuan University
* Nakhon Phanom University
* National Institute of Development Administration
* Payap University
* Prince of Songkla University
* Ramkhamhaeng University
* Rangsit University
* Siam University
* Silpakorn University
* Srinakharinwirot University
* Sripatum University
* Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University
* Suranaree University of Technology
* Thaksin University
* Thammasat University
* University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce
* Ubon Ratchathani University
* Walailak University

Vietnam|

* Vietnam National University, Hanoi

South Asia

| India|

* Karnatak Lingayat Education Society

|

Iran|

* Islamic Azad University

Sri Lanka|

* University of Colombo
* University of Kelaniya

East Asia

| Hong Kong|

* Chinese University of Hong Kong
* City University of Hong Kong
* Lingnan University
* Hong Kong Baptist University
* Hong Kong Polytechnic University
* Hong Kong Shue Yan University
* Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
* University of Hong Kong

|

Japan|

* Keio University
* Kyoto University
* Sōka University
* University of the Ryukyus

Republic of China
(Taiwan)|

* National Taiwan University

Oceania

| Australia|

* Australian National University
* Curtin University
* Deakin University
* Edith Cowan University
* Griffith University
* Macquarie University
* Monash University
* RMIT University
* Swinburne University of Technology
* University of Western Australia
* University of Adelaide
* University of Canberra
* University of Queensland
* University of Southern Queensland
* University of Sydney
* University of Tasmania
* University of Technology, Sydney
* University of Wollongong

|

New Zealand|

* Auckland University of Technology
* Lincoln University
* Massey University
* University of Otago
* University of Waikato

Europe

| Belgium|

* Groep T

|

France|

* Montpellier 2 University

Sweden|

* Lund University

North America

| Canada|

* Carleton University
* University of British Columbia

|

United States|

* Baylor University
* California State University, Long Beach
* Kansas State University
* Keuka College
* Pittsburg State University
* University of Hawaii at Manoa
* University of Maryland Global Campus

* v
* t
* e

RU11

* Hokkaido
* Keio
* Kyoto
* Kyushu
* Nagoya
* Osaka
* Tohoku
* Tokyo Tech
* Tokyo
* Tsukuba
* Waseda

* v
* t
* e

Top Global University Project

Type A
(Top Type)|

* Hiroshima
* Hokkaido
* Keio
* Kyoto
* Kyushu
* Nagoya
* Osaka
* TMDU
* Tohoku
* Tokyo
* Tokyo Tech
* Tsukuba
* Waseda

Type B
(Global Traction Type)|

* AIU
* Aizu
* APU
* Chiba
* Hosei
* ICU
* IUJ
* Kanazawa
* Kumamoto
* KIT
* Kwansei Gakuin
* Meiji
* NAIST
* NUT
* Okayama
* Rikkyo
* Ritsumeikan
* Sophia
* Soka
* SIT
* Tokyo University of the Arts
* Toyo
* TUFS
* TUT

* v
* t
* e

CEMS Business Schools

Asia|

* HKUST Business School
* Indian Institute of Management Calcutta
* Keio University
* National University of Singapore
* Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management

Australia|

* The University of Sydney Business School

Europe|

* Aalto University School of Business
* Bocconi University
* Copenhagen Business School
* Corvinus University of Budapest
* ESADE Business School
* HEC Paris
* Koç University Graduate School of Business
* Louvain School of Management
* Norwegian School of Economics
* Nova School of Business and Economics
* Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University
* Stockholm School of Economics
* The London School of Economics and Political Science
* UCD Michael Smurfit Graduate Business School
* Prague University of Economics and Business
* University of Cologne
* University of St. Gallen
* Saint Petersburg State University Graduate School of Management
* SGH Warsaw School of Economics
* Vienna University of Economics and Business

North America|

* Ivey Business School

South America|

* Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo-FGV

* v
* t
* e

Council on Business & Society

* ESSEC Business School
* FGV-EAESP
* Fudan University
* Keio University
* Warwick University

* v
* t
* e

Kantoh Collegiate American Football Association

Division 1|

| Top 8|

* Chuo Racoons
* Hosei Orange
* Keio Unicorns
* Meiji Griffins
* Nihon Phoenix
* NSSU Triumphant Lion
* Rikkyo Rushers
* Waseda Big Bears

|

Big 8|

* Kokushikan Rhinoceros
* Komazawa Blue Tide
* Senshu Green Machine
* Takushoku Rattlesnakes
* Teikyo Assassins
* Tokyo Gakugei Snails
* Tokyo Warriors
* YNU Mastiffs

Division 2|

| A Block|

* Aoyama Gakuin Lightning
* Kanagawa Atoms
* NDA Cadets
* Seikei Zelkovas
* Sophia Golden Eagles
* Tokai Tritons
* Toyo Vikings
* Tsukuba Excaliburs

|

B Block|

* Gakushuin Generals
* Hitotsubashi Crimson
* J.F. Oberlin Three Nails Crowns
* Kanto Gakuin Hurricanes
* Meiji Saints
* Seijo Orange Beams
* Tokyo Tech Buffaloes
* Tokyo Nodai Aggies

Division 3|

| A Block|

* Daito Bunka Wild Boars
* Dokkyo Green Monsters
* Sōka Blue Lions
* TUAT Blasters
* TMU Scrappers
* UEC Crushers

|

B Block|

* KUIS Stingers
* Musashi Pheasants
* Tamagawa Stallion
* Tokyo International Dolphins
* TUFS Phantoms
* YCU Fighting Seagulls

C Block|

* Asia Angels
* Chiba Poseidon
* ICU Apostles
* Kogakuin Crash Machines
* Saitama Primrose
* TUS Rascals

D Block|

* Bunkyo Odin
* Josai B-Rhinos
* Niigata Tigers
* Ryutsu Keizai RKU football
* SIT Fighting Engineers
* Utsunomiya Bull Fighters

Area League|

| A Block|

* Hakuoh Rascals
* Rissho Bulldogs
* Takasaki City University of Economics Bandits
* Yamanashi Wyverns

|

B Block|

* CIT Hornets
* Ibaraki Stargazers
* NIT River Horse
* Teikyo Heisei Blue Wings

C Block|

* Meisei Silver Knights
* Takachiho Eagles
* TCU Helios
* TKU Falcons
* Tokyo Tech Cerberus

Medical and
Dental League|

| Division 1|

* DMU Dum Dums
* Jikei Medical Crickets
* Keio Medical Unicorns
* Kitasato Medical Oaks
* TU Faculty Scorpions
* TMU Meribibazu

|

Division 2|

A Block
Showa Maddogs
Teikyo Medical Rascals
TMDU Stones

B Block
Nihon Medical Monster Squad
St. Marianna Roadrunners
SMU Mulberry

Top 8 Seasons|

* 2016

Venues|

* Tomahawks Field

Championships|

* Azuma Bowl
* Koshien Bowl
* Rice Bowl
* Tokyo Bowl

Coordinates: 35°38′57″N 139°44′34″E﻿ / ﻿35.64917°N 139.74278°E﻿ / 35.64917; 139.74278
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